Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period duri... more Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period during pregnancy, as a woman’s body is resourcing for two lives. Pregnancy is a challenging period, since pregnant women not only undergo unexpected physical and psychological changes, but they also have continuous concerns, because childbirth and motherhood alter their lives in distinct ways. Hence, they are in need of a diverse support. Pregnancy experiences have started to change in parallel to the changes in the information and communication technologies. Traditional health management has been redefined with the mobile technologies, and smartphones and applications have taken the lead. Increasing numbers of pregnancy applications have entered to the market with far-reaching benefits, yet they fell short to be integrated into the daily lives of pregnant women. In order to realize the acceptance, adoption, and smooth integration of mobile health (mHealth) into the daily lives of pregnant women, pregnancy technologies should not be merely information providers, decision-makers, or problem solvers. In fact, they should go beyond that by making pregnant women feel better and enhancing their wellness holistically. In this chapter, pregnant women’s interactions with mobile pregnancy applications were reported conducting the study with 33 pregnant women in different trimesters. Results presented that needs, concerns, and expectations may change according to different pregnancy trimesters and pregnant women types. Based on the results of the study and positive psychology literature, design implications and information, communication, and interaction qualities for pregnancy applications were discussed in relation to positive user experience dimensions with mobile pregnancy technologies that can provide more satisfactory and happy user experiences.
This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested ... more This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested that, neither a single methodology, nor an information system will be sufficient to cover all the requirements of an ergonomic product. The relative emphasis given to ergonomics varies with the types of design problem. Nonetheless, it is assumed that the design process will always involve the user, thus ergonomics. The difficulties arise from ill-defined nature of design, inadequate knowledge background or inadequate data which requires a long-tern approach where everything should be thought at macro level. For this purpose, the aim of the paper is to propose a communication model for ergonomists and designers who believe in the value of experts. Therefore, this model presents a macro outlook onto ergonomics and product design, whereas further studies may extend the scope by presenting sub-models for reaching details in the design process or existing micro models (expert or aiding systems) will be valuable sources if they are inserted into this system. "he research is focused on literature search, accident analysis and design strategy analysis. The chief questions to be addressed in the literature search are: - What is the relation between design and ergonomics? - What is designer's responsibility in terms of design, manufacturing and products liability? - What kind of ergonomics information do designers need? How reliable are they? . - What is meant by product-user interaction? The chief questions to be addressed in accident analysis are: - What kind of information does accident analysis provide? - What is the reliability of accident data?. - How is this information used in design? The chief questions to be addressed in design strategy analysis are: - What is a model and what type of models exist in design? - What is design management? - What is a product life-cycle? reputation? . - What are the benefits of product safety in terms of company's reputation?
Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series, 2014
*** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holi... more *** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holistic user experiences are considered crucial concepts in the design of interactive products, where interactive self-service kiosks require special attention, as they are different than any other type of consumer and personal products. The public nature of self-service kiosks suggests that social context may have an important role in understanding the experience of users when interacting with such products. Yet, this is hardly reflected in the development of self-service kiosks in which usefulness and functionality are still the basic, and usually the only, concerns. This limited discussion hinders innovation when redesigning this type of product. This chapter firstly studies the major factors affecting users' interactions with self-service kiosks, followed by the influence of presence or absence of other people on user experience with interactive self-service kiosks looking at the relationships between different social contexts, feelings, and task performances; it then elaborates on task performances. The studies conducted to explore these relations reveal that interactions with interactive self-service kiosks are specialized according to different task qualities that these kiosks serve as well as the social context, which highlights the necessity to take into account the inseparable context during the design of these self-service kiosks. They emphasize that not only the product interface but also other product features, product body, and context should be shaped by these task qualities and the social context. Hence, suggested design implications go beyond traditional usability and technical issues, considering social context as a key issue to address innovative self-service kiosk designs.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Jul 1, 2000
Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for des... more Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for design. In order to avoid placing a burden on the environment, designing is faced with a new context. In this context design supports long-term use, shared use, reuse, optimisation of useability and many other concepts related with environmental concerns and ethical attitude. It is evident that all these concepts require a new strategy for design where creating value and more human-centred products gain importance. This approach brings new organisations in product life cycle, because believing in these values most of the designers and manufacturers may agree on the new motto for design “less but better”. Therefore a comprehensive strategy is necessary for the communication of ergonomics experts and designers in the near future.
Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained consi... more Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained considerable interest. One of the essential aspects of design for behavior change is to choose the right design intervention strategy for the right behaviors and for the right individuals. In this respect, consideration of different user characteristics when designing for behavior change is critical to ensure positive behavior change. This paper argues that user diversity can be addressed by grouping users with similar characteristics into different user types. It provides a framework and a methodology to create these user types based on psychological variables including global environmental attitude, attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and finally personality traits. It discusses how the framework and the methodology could be integrated into design process, and illustrates the process by using hypothetical user types. The aim of this illustrat...
This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' un... more This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' understanding of fun and comparing the findings with the related human-computer interaction (HCI) literature. The results reveal that users interpret fun from many different viewpoints, which can be categorized under four subject headings: functional qualities, enchanting qualities, visual qualities and metaphorical qualities. These keyword categories constitute a valuable database for product designers to understand users' perception and expectations in relation to fun, and are suggested as helpful for designing fun products that expansively fulfil users' needs
Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of... more Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of manual controls and digitalization of displays, into the public bus can be promising in terms of providing solutions for the critical contextual problems of bus drivers, such as undesired interactions with passengers and increased cognitive workload caused by the necessity of checking time frequently for complying with the schedule. However, if these systems are not accepted by bus drivers, the solutions they provide become useless and they may even constitute critical threats for safety. Therefore, in this paper the aim is to investigate bus drivers' views towards technology integration in the bus, to provide technological functions, which correspond better to their needs. To achieve this aim, (1) drivers' attitudes towards general technology, (2) their attitudes towards current technology integration in the bus dashboard, and (3) degree of involvement with the current technolo...
It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including ... more It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including its contribution to innovation processes. In order to lead innovation through user research, besides the content of the research, it is important that the delivery should be done effectively so that design strategies that result in innovation can be adopted in the design process and the findings can guide designers to create novel outputs. This paper aims to discuss the requirements for user research delivery that aids in innovative design processes on the basis of an information system that is designed for communicating the findings of user research regarding automotive design
We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user o... more We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user orientation maps, for exploring the user diversity for behavioural change and communicating this diversity to designers. In order to assess its applicability to different behavioural change contexts, we conducted two case studies. The first study explored the diversity in users' orientations towards adapting an environmentally friendly driving style. The second study explored user diversity towards adapting the usage of a smart urinal system which allows patients learn their risk of having Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) without visiting a hospital. In this paper, we present the results of the second study and conclude that the proposed method has enough flexibility to be applied in different behavioural change contexts. We end the paper with a discussion on the potential implications of using the method in behavioural change projects.
User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usabi... more User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usability. Emotions have become important; users are conscious demanders of usable and engaging products, appealing, interesting and enjoyable experiences. Among various applications and impacts of the digital world, e-learning stands as an important area where user- product interaction is important since this interaction determines the quality of learning outcomes. The theory and practice of e-learning points out the importance of learner centered vision and presents key issues for successful learning. Technology usage, instructional design, motivation and learning management systems are listed as main issues, but the emotional perspective is left underestimated. This study aims to present the learners' definition and expectations of 'fun' and 'pleasure' in e-learning.
In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics relat... more In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics related issues of driving are handled widely. However in order to maintain well-being of bus drivers, emotional issues should also be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to present the emotional dimensions of job satisfaction for urban bus drivers in Turkey, in order to provide design considerations for the public bus dashboard. The paper outlines the findings regarding emotional dimensions and hedonic needs from the product development project of an urban bus dashboard involving several research studies, the aim of which were not specifically to obtain users' emotional needs. However, as these needs cannot be considered separately from the needs that can be defined as tangible or functional, the outcomes of the prior studies provide important information regarding this issue.
Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those ... more Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those products an important part of daily life. What drives these aspects, some arisen from personal appraisement and some directly related to the product qualities, are important for designers, as the experiences designers form tend to affect these aspects heavily. Driven from this idea, in this paper, an exploration on the evolution of positive user experience with technological products was conducted. We asked users to think about the technological products they enjoy the most, how their experiences changed over time, and what makes them still use the product. Different qualities regarding their experience were found, some human-related, some product-related, and the relations between these qualities were looked upon further in depth. The result presented itself as a theoretical model to achieve sustained usage of technological products.
Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period duri... more Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period during pregnancy, as a woman’s body is resourcing for two lives. Pregnancy is a challenging period, since pregnant women not only undergo unexpected physical and psychological changes, but they also have continuous concerns, because childbirth and motherhood alter their lives in distinct ways. Hence, they are in need of a diverse support. Pregnancy experiences have started to change in parallel to the changes in the information and communication technologies. Traditional health management has been redefined with the mobile technologies, and smartphones and applications have taken the lead. Increasing numbers of pregnancy applications have entered to the market with far-reaching benefits, yet they fell short to be integrated into the daily lives of pregnant women. In order to realize the acceptance, adoption, and smooth integration of mobile health (mHealth) into the daily lives of pregnant women, pregnancy technologies should not be merely information providers, decision-makers, or problem solvers. In fact, they should go beyond that by making pregnant women feel better and enhancing their wellness holistically. In this chapter, pregnant women’s interactions with mobile pregnancy applications were reported conducting the study with 33 pregnant women in different trimesters. Results presented that needs, concerns, and expectations may change according to different pregnancy trimesters and pregnant women types. Based on the results of the study and positive psychology literature, design implications and information, communication, and interaction qualities for pregnancy applications were discussed in relation to positive user experience dimensions with mobile pregnancy technologies that can provide more satisfactory and happy user experiences.
This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested ... more This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested that, neither a single methodology, nor an information system will be sufficient to cover all the requirements of an ergonomic product. The relative emphasis given to ergonomics varies with the types of design problem. Nonetheless, it is assumed that the design process will always involve the user, thus ergonomics. The difficulties arise from ill-defined nature of design, inadequate knowledge background or inadequate data which requires a long-tern approach where everything should be thought at macro level. For this purpose, the aim of the paper is to propose a communication model for ergonomists and designers who believe in the value of experts. Therefore, this model presents a macro outlook onto ergonomics and product design, whereas further studies may extend the scope by presenting sub-models for reaching details in the design process or existing micro models (expert or aiding systems) will be valuable sources if they are inserted into this system. "he research is focused on literature search, accident analysis and design strategy analysis. The chief questions to be addressed in the literature search are: - What is the relation between design and ergonomics? - What is designer's responsibility in terms of design, manufacturing and products liability? - What kind of ergonomics information do designers need? How reliable are they? . - What is meant by product-user interaction? The chief questions to be addressed in accident analysis are: - What kind of information does accident analysis provide? - What is the reliability of accident data?. - How is this information used in design? The chief questions to be addressed in design strategy analysis are: - What is a model and what type of models exist in design? - What is design management? - What is a product life-cycle? reputation? . - What are the benefits of product safety in terms of company's reputation?
Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series, 2014
*** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holi... more *** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holistic user experiences are considered crucial concepts in the design of interactive products, where interactive self-service kiosks require special attention, as they are different than any other type of consumer and personal products. The public nature of self-service kiosks suggests that social context may have an important role in understanding the experience of users when interacting with such products. Yet, this is hardly reflected in the development of self-service kiosks in which usefulness and functionality are still the basic, and usually the only, concerns. This limited discussion hinders innovation when redesigning this type of product. This chapter firstly studies the major factors affecting users' interactions with self-service kiosks, followed by the influence of presence or absence of other people on user experience with interactive self-service kiosks looking at the relationships between different social contexts, feelings, and task performances; it then elaborates on task performances. The studies conducted to explore these relations reveal that interactions with interactive self-service kiosks are specialized according to different task qualities that these kiosks serve as well as the social context, which highlights the necessity to take into account the inseparable context during the design of these self-service kiosks. They emphasize that not only the product interface but also other product features, product body, and context should be shaped by these task qualities and the social context. Hence, suggested design implications go beyond traditional usability and technical issues, considering social context as a key issue to address innovative self-service kiosk designs.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Jul 1, 2000
Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for des... more Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for design. In order to avoid placing a burden on the environment, designing is faced with a new context. In this context design supports long-term use, shared use, reuse, optimisation of useability and many other concepts related with environmental concerns and ethical attitude. It is evident that all these concepts require a new strategy for design where creating value and more human-centred products gain importance. This approach brings new organisations in product life cycle, because believing in these values most of the designers and manufacturers may agree on the new motto for design “less but better”. Therefore a comprehensive strategy is necessary for the communication of ergonomics experts and designers in the near future.
Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained consi... more Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained considerable interest. One of the essential aspects of design for behavior change is to choose the right design intervention strategy for the right behaviors and for the right individuals. In this respect, consideration of different user characteristics when designing for behavior change is critical to ensure positive behavior change. This paper argues that user diversity can be addressed by grouping users with similar characteristics into different user types. It provides a framework and a methodology to create these user types based on psychological variables including global environmental attitude, attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and finally personality traits. It discusses how the framework and the methodology could be integrated into design process, and illustrates the process by using hypothetical user types. The aim of this illustrat...
This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' un... more This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' understanding of fun and comparing the findings with the related human-computer interaction (HCI) literature. The results reveal that users interpret fun from many different viewpoints, which can be categorized under four subject headings: functional qualities, enchanting qualities, visual qualities and metaphorical qualities. These keyword categories constitute a valuable database for product designers to understand users' perception and expectations in relation to fun, and are suggested as helpful for designing fun products that expansively fulfil users' needs
Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of... more Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of manual controls and digitalization of displays, into the public bus can be promising in terms of providing solutions for the critical contextual problems of bus drivers, such as undesired interactions with passengers and increased cognitive workload caused by the necessity of checking time frequently for complying with the schedule. However, if these systems are not accepted by bus drivers, the solutions they provide become useless and they may even constitute critical threats for safety. Therefore, in this paper the aim is to investigate bus drivers' views towards technology integration in the bus, to provide technological functions, which correspond better to their needs. To achieve this aim, (1) drivers' attitudes towards general technology, (2) their attitudes towards current technology integration in the bus dashboard, and (3) degree of involvement with the current technolo...
It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including ... more It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including its contribution to innovation processes. In order to lead innovation through user research, besides the content of the research, it is important that the delivery should be done effectively so that design strategies that result in innovation can be adopted in the design process and the findings can guide designers to create novel outputs. This paper aims to discuss the requirements for user research delivery that aids in innovative design processes on the basis of an information system that is designed for communicating the findings of user research regarding automotive design
We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user o... more We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user orientation maps, for exploring the user diversity for behavioural change and communicating this diversity to designers. In order to assess its applicability to different behavioural change contexts, we conducted two case studies. The first study explored the diversity in users' orientations towards adapting an environmentally friendly driving style. The second study explored user diversity towards adapting the usage of a smart urinal system which allows patients learn their risk of having Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) without visiting a hospital. In this paper, we present the results of the second study and conclude that the proposed method has enough flexibility to be applied in different behavioural change contexts. We end the paper with a discussion on the potential implications of using the method in behavioural change projects.
User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usabi... more User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usability. Emotions have become important; users are conscious demanders of usable and engaging products, appealing, interesting and enjoyable experiences. Among various applications and impacts of the digital world, e-learning stands as an important area where user- product interaction is important since this interaction determines the quality of learning outcomes. The theory and practice of e-learning points out the importance of learner centered vision and presents key issues for successful learning. Technology usage, instructional design, motivation and learning management systems are listed as main issues, but the emotional perspective is left underestimated. This study aims to present the learners' definition and expectations of 'fun' and 'pleasure' in e-learning.
In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics relat... more In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics related issues of driving are handled widely. However in order to maintain well-being of bus drivers, emotional issues should also be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to present the emotional dimensions of job satisfaction for urban bus drivers in Turkey, in order to provide design considerations for the public bus dashboard. The paper outlines the findings regarding emotional dimensions and hedonic needs from the product development project of an urban bus dashboard involving several research studies, the aim of which were not specifically to obtain users' emotional needs. However, as these needs cannot be considered separately from the needs that can be defined as tangible or functional, the outcomes of the prior studies provide important information regarding this issue.
Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those ... more Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those products an important part of daily life. What drives these aspects, some arisen from personal appraisement and some directly related to the product qualities, are important for designers, as the experiences designers form tend to affect these aspects heavily. Driven from this idea, in this paper, an exploration on the evolution of positive user experience with technological products was conducted. We asked users to think about the technological products they enjoy the most, how their experiences changed over time, and what makes them still use the product. Different qualities regarding their experience were found, some human-related, some product-related, and the relations between these qualities were looked upon further in depth. The result presented itself as a theoretical model to achieve sustained usage of technological products.
UTAK2016 2. Ulusal Tasarım Araştırmaları Konferansı: Sorumluluk, Bağlam, Deneyim ve Tasarım, 2017
Sağlık, yaşamla ve hayat kalitesiyle doğrudan ilişkili olduğundan, sağlıklı yaşam sürmek de tartı... more Sağlık, yaşamla ve hayat kalitesiyle doğrudan ilişkili olduğundan, sağlıklı yaşam sürmek de tartışmasız yaşamdaki öncelikli gayelerin başında yer almaktadır. Hamilelik döneminde ise hamilenin bedeni iki yaşama kaynaklık ettiğinden özellikle bu dönemdeki sağlık önemli bir insan hakları konusu olarak ele alınmakta ve iyilik halini artırmak daha çok önem kazanmaktadır. Tüm bu önemine rağmen anne ve bebek sağlığına yönelik hizmetlere erişimde kişisel, ekonomik, bürokratik, eğitimsel ve bölgesel birçok engel bulunmaktadır. Ancak, hızla gelişmekte olan bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileriyle birlikte bariyerler aşılmaya çalışılmakta, bu da sağlık alanında dönüşümleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Mobil teknolojiler hastane ortamından bağımsız olarak kişilere istedikleri zaman ve yerde kişisel sağlık servislerine erişme imkanı sunmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü de (DSÖ) mobil sağlık (m-sağlık) teknolojilerinin hamilelik sürecinde kullanımını desteklemekte ve önemini vurgulamaktadır, ama ne yazık ki hamileliğe yönelik mobil uygulamaların hamilelerin gündelik yaşamlarına entegrasyonu tam olarak sağlanamamaktadır. Bu noktadan yola çıkarak, doktora çalışması kapsamında, hamileliğinin farklı üç aylık dönemlerinde (üç trimester) bulunan otuz üç hamilenin mobil uygulama kullanım deneyimleri altı hafta boyunca takip edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan farklı yöntemler ve araçlar katılımcıların sadece fiziksel değil, zihinsel ve duygusal gereksinimlerini de ortaya çıkarmakta yararlı olmuştur. Dolayısıyla, yöntemin çok boyutluluğunun ilerideki tasarım araştırmalarına ve tasarımlara önemli katkısının olacağı düşünülmektedir. Sonuçlar, içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve hamilelerin uygulama kullanım deneyimlerini etkileyen temel içerik ve etkileşim boyutları ortaya koyulmuştur. Bulgular, hamileliğe yönelik mobil uygulamaların geliştirilmesinde ve mutluluk verici deneyimler sunmalarında yön gösterici olacak, böylelikle mobil uygulamaların hamilelerin gündelik yaşamlarına pürüzsüz entegrasyonunu sağlamaya katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu bildiride, yapılan çalışmanın yöntemi tartışılacaktır.
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