Emecik’teki Apollon Kutsal Alanı Arkeolojik Araştırmalar (1998-2006), 2022
This volume aims to present assessments regarding archaeological stratification, architectural fe... more This volume aims to present assessments regarding archaeological stratification, architectural features and archaeological findings derived from excavations campaigns between 1998-2006 with Prof. Dr. Numan Tuna as the scientific director. Initial publications of The Sanctuary of Apollo at Emecik contain preliminary results of studies and some selected topics. Figurines, pottery, metal objects, coins and epigraphy revealed during 1998-2001 excavation seasons have been previously published by Dr. D. Berges in 2006, therefore excluded from this volume. The scope of the volume we are presenting here, titled ‘The Doric Temple of Apollo at Emecik, Archaeological Investigations (1998-2006)’ is to provide extensive evaluation of excavation strategy, cultural deposits, architectural features, and small finds including figurines, pottery, metal objects etc., excavated between 1998- 2006, as well as a consolidation proposal for the Doric Temple and results of archaeometric studies.
This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in... more This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in the course of a field-survey carried out in the Knidian territorium, as compared to similar examples from the Eastern Mediterranean, with a special emphasis on press beds. In situ findings, which are related to workshops located in the archaeological sites of Bur-gaz (Palaia Knidos) and Yağtaşı-Devtaşı, as well as finds collected during further field work, have led us to reassess our knowledge of the Knidian wine and oil extraction technologies. It seems that the most common technology used in the Hellenistic period workshops is that of the lever and weight presses. The eleven Knidian press beds which have been inventoried are of two standard types, with specific features each. In concordance with the examples repertoried in Cilicia and Caria, the larger size of the Knidian press beds was probably due to the necessity of satisfying the needs of a regional rather than domestic market. The majority of the repertoried installations are to be found on the Datça plain which contains the most fertile arable lands of the whole Knidian territorium. Yet, we need to obtain more information concerning the agricultural technology used in sub-regions which, assumedly, were submitted to different environmental conditions. In fact, the results of our surveys provide only limited knowledge concerning the wine and oil production of the region and subsequent field surveys in sub-regions of the Knidian territory where, in antiquity , the arable lands were terraced, are needed to be carried out in order to reach more substantial conclusions.
A large-scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, s... more A large-scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, southwestern Turkey. This survey was a part of the geophysical studies conducted between 1999 and 2004. Two-dimensional resistivity data were acquired along a number of parallel lines using a pole-pole array. The data was processed using a 3D inversion algorithm based on a robust technique. We also applied shaded-relief processing to enhance the representation of the images of apparent-resistivity data and inversion results. In addition, the inverted resistivity data were visualized by a volumetric representation technique to display both the horizontal and the vertical extents of the archaeological structures. The inversion results revealed that a rectangular gridding pattern and a dense structuring existed in the depth range 0.35-1.5 m in the acropolis. Moreover, the bed-rock was the base of the archaeological structures in the area. Based on the resistivity survey, four test excavations were carried out in various localities in the acropolis in 2004. These excavations yielded results supporting those obtained by the resistivity inversion. This indicated that large-scale 3D resistivity imaging can be a useful tool in archaeological prospection.
This book aims to present the artefacts displayed in the METU Museum, as well as to disseminate s... more This book aims to present the artefacts displayed in the METU Museum, as well as to disseminate scholarly information about the archaeological contexts of these artefacts by brief results of the excavations (Ahlatlıbel, Yalıncak, Koçumbeli and the Phrygian Necropolis) from which they have come and also providing more general assessments of their significance. This publication work comprises four chapters. The fourth chapter is devoted for a detailed catalogue of artefacts on display in the METU Museum.
Kentsel arkeoloji konusunun Avrupa’da ortaya çıkışı ve günümüzde bilinen en iyi uygulama örnekler... more Kentsel arkeoloji konusunun Avrupa’da ortaya çıkışı ve günümüzde bilinen en iyi uygulama örnekleri üzerine kısa bir değerlendirme yapan bu makale, Türkiye’de kentsel arkeoloji kavramının anlaşılmasına yönelik olarak 1960’lardan beri hızlı gelişme gösteren araştırma ve veri tabanı oluşturma çalışmaları üzerine özlü bilgiler vermektedir.
Kent, Planlama, Politika ve Sanat: Tarık Okyay Anısına Yazılar, 2. Kitap, 1994
Bu makale, arkeolojik sit alanı saptama-belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem ve ölçütlerin belirlenmes... more Bu makale, arkeolojik sit alanı saptama-belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem ve ölçütlerin belirlenmesi ve bunlara ilişkin sorunlar, çözüm önerileri üzerinedir.
Bu makale Türkiye koşullarında arkeolojik kültür varlıklarının ÇED çalışmalarında nasıl ele alınm... more Bu makale Türkiye koşullarında arkeolojik kültür varlıklarının ÇED çalışmalarında nasıl ele alınması gerektiği konusunda genel bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.
A la naissance de la Péninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire intégré de la Pérée rhodienne, à Hisa... more A la naissance de la Péninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire intégré de la Pérée rhodienne, à Hisarônû, on a découvert les restes d'un atelier d'amphores de type rhodien datant du ine siècle avant notre ère et des ier-ne siècles de notre ère. Les amphores hellénistiques sont timbrées, au nom de prêtres d'Hélios, éponymes de Rhodes, et de fabricants qui, tel Hiérotélès, sont bien connus par de nombreuses anses timbrées trouvées sur les sites de consommation. Cette découverte permet, entre autres, de réévaluer considérablement l'importance de la commercialisation des productions viticoles de la Pérée et des sept îles intégrées au tissu politique rhodien.
Olive Oil and Wine Production in Anatolia During the Antiquity, 2010
This article presents particularly three installations placed within the residential quarters tha... more This article presents particularly three installations placed within the residential quarters that were revealed at the SE sector of Burgaz. These dwellings are contemporary with the ones at Halieis and Olynthos and the installations are similarly de- fined by the hard-beaten, concrete-like floors. These installations are highly likely to be affiliated with wine and olive oil production and placed near the streets for practically discharge of wastewater. During the use of installations in the end of 4th c. BC and the beginning of 3rd c. BC, some architectural features of the dwellings have been modified.
The archaeological investigations at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light ... more The archaeological investigations at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light Hellenistic workshops of well-preserved installations for wine making such as presses, treading floors and dolia demonstrating whole production process. As an evidence for implication on the amphora stamps found, the winery in NE sector of Burgaz seems to serve various fabricants during the lifetime of wine-making activities from the beginning 3rd century B.C. till the mid of 1st century B.C. Whereas the stamped amphora handles recovered from the context of Hellenistic workshops at SE sector implies similar results.
Rural Settlements and Urban Center in Mediterranean During Antiquity, 2017
In this paper, it is contemplated that the rural clustering, determined to be arching borderwise,... more In this paper, it is contemplated that the rural clustering, determined to be arching borderwise, between Bozburun District-Selimiye Village, gives important clues in terms of comprehending the Karian style habitational practice and the way of settling in the pre-Hellenistic period. Besides, the emergence and formation of the enclaves is questioned in the light of the geographical parameters and findings obtained in the field.
Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Activities in 2002. Vol 1, 2011
This paper analyzes the actual situation of the cultural entities in Hasankeyf as well as the alt... more This paper analyzes the actual situation of the cultural entities in Hasankeyf as well as the alternating strategies in order for the conservation of this heritage against possible threats. The other parts of the study are related with the applicable recommendations and decisions as well as the strategic planning and programming works.
Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Activities in 2002. Vol 1, 2011
This paper presents the archaeological potential of the Ilısu Dam reservoir area and reducing the... more This paper presents the archaeological potential of the Ilısu Dam reservoir area and reducing the adverse effects of the Project on the archaeological cultural entities.
This paper presents a current approaches for preserving archaeological assets within the context ... more This paper presents a current approaches for preserving archaeological assets within the context of metropolitan areas, Ankara as a case study. Advices on suitable methods and guidelines for developing policies and a strategic plan of archaeology are discussed
The Mysterious Civilization of the Phrygians, 2007
This article aims to summarize and present the archaeological studies concerning three Phrygian t... more This article aims to summarize and present the archaeological studies concerning three Phrygian tumuli, maintained by METU Museum and Archaeological Studies Center between 1967-68 and 1986-88.
This paper presents characteristics of 10 distinct ceramic workshops producing mainly amphorae, a... more This paper presents characteristics of 10 distinct ceramic workshops producing mainly amphorae, as well as other types of pottery e.g. coarse and fine wares testifed by the results of surveys carried out on the Knidian peninsula during 1980s.
This paper focuses on the assessment of arhaeological assets at the Classical site of Erythrai an... more This paper focuses on the assessment of arhaeological assets at the Classical site of Erythrai and advices and guidelines to mitigate adverse effects on the archaeological heritage under preservation.
Emecik’teki Apollon Kutsal Alanı Arkeolojik Araştırmalar (1998-2006), 2022
This volume aims to present assessments regarding archaeological stratification, architectural fe... more This volume aims to present assessments regarding archaeological stratification, architectural features and archaeological findings derived from excavations campaigns between 1998-2006 with Prof. Dr. Numan Tuna as the scientific director. Initial publications of The Sanctuary of Apollo at Emecik contain preliminary results of studies and some selected topics. Figurines, pottery, metal objects, coins and epigraphy revealed during 1998-2001 excavation seasons have been previously published by Dr. D. Berges in 2006, therefore excluded from this volume. The scope of the volume we are presenting here, titled ‘The Doric Temple of Apollo at Emecik, Archaeological Investigations (1998-2006)’ is to provide extensive evaluation of excavation strategy, cultural deposits, architectural features, and small finds including figurines, pottery, metal objects etc., excavated between 1998- 2006, as well as a consolidation proposal for the Doric Temple and results of archaeometric studies.
This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in... more This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in the course of a field-survey carried out in the Knidian territorium, as compared to similar examples from the Eastern Mediterranean, with a special emphasis on press beds. In situ findings, which are related to workshops located in the archaeological sites of Bur-gaz (Palaia Knidos) and Yağtaşı-Devtaşı, as well as finds collected during further field work, have led us to reassess our knowledge of the Knidian wine and oil extraction technologies. It seems that the most common technology used in the Hellenistic period workshops is that of the lever and weight presses. The eleven Knidian press beds which have been inventoried are of two standard types, with specific features each. In concordance with the examples repertoried in Cilicia and Caria, the larger size of the Knidian press beds was probably due to the necessity of satisfying the needs of a regional rather than domestic market. The majority of the repertoried installations are to be found on the Datça plain which contains the most fertile arable lands of the whole Knidian territorium. Yet, we need to obtain more information concerning the agricultural technology used in sub-regions which, assumedly, were submitted to different environmental conditions. In fact, the results of our surveys provide only limited knowledge concerning the wine and oil production of the region and subsequent field surveys in sub-regions of the Knidian territory where, in antiquity , the arable lands were terraced, are needed to be carried out in order to reach more substantial conclusions.
A large-scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, s... more A large-scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, southwestern Turkey. This survey was a part of the geophysical studies conducted between 1999 and 2004. Two-dimensional resistivity data were acquired along a number of parallel lines using a pole-pole array. The data was processed using a 3D inversion algorithm based on a robust technique. We also applied shaded-relief processing to enhance the representation of the images of apparent-resistivity data and inversion results. In addition, the inverted resistivity data were visualized by a volumetric representation technique to display both the horizontal and the vertical extents of the archaeological structures. The inversion results revealed that a rectangular gridding pattern and a dense structuring existed in the depth range 0.35-1.5 m in the acropolis. Moreover, the bed-rock was the base of the archaeological structures in the area. Based on the resistivity survey, four test excavations were carried out in various localities in the acropolis in 2004. These excavations yielded results supporting those obtained by the resistivity inversion. This indicated that large-scale 3D resistivity imaging can be a useful tool in archaeological prospection.
This book aims to present the artefacts displayed in the METU Museum, as well as to disseminate s... more This book aims to present the artefacts displayed in the METU Museum, as well as to disseminate scholarly information about the archaeological contexts of these artefacts by brief results of the excavations (Ahlatlıbel, Yalıncak, Koçumbeli and the Phrygian Necropolis) from which they have come and also providing more general assessments of their significance. This publication work comprises four chapters. The fourth chapter is devoted for a detailed catalogue of artefacts on display in the METU Museum.
Kentsel arkeoloji konusunun Avrupa’da ortaya çıkışı ve günümüzde bilinen en iyi uygulama örnekler... more Kentsel arkeoloji konusunun Avrupa’da ortaya çıkışı ve günümüzde bilinen en iyi uygulama örnekleri üzerine kısa bir değerlendirme yapan bu makale, Türkiye’de kentsel arkeoloji kavramının anlaşılmasına yönelik olarak 1960’lardan beri hızlı gelişme gösteren araştırma ve veri tabanı oluşturma çalışmaları üzerine özlü bilgiler vermektedir.
Kent, Planlama, Politika ve Sanat: Tarık Okyay Anısına Yazılar, 2. Kitap, 1994
Bu makale, arkeolojik sit alanı saptama-belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem ve ölçütlerin belirlenmes... more Bu makale, arkeolojik sit alanı saptama-belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem ve ölçütlerin belirlenmesi ve bunlara ilişkin sorunlar, çözüm önerileri üzerinedir.
Bu makale Türkiye koşullarında arkeolojik kültür varlıklarının ÇED çalışmalarında nasıl ele alınm... more Bu makale Türkiye koşullarında arkeolojik kültür varlıklarının ÇED çalışmalarında nasıl ele alınması gerektiği konusunda genel bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.
A la naissance de la Péninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire intégré de la Pérée rhodienne, à Hisa... more A la naissance de la Péninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire intégré de la Pérée rhodienne, à Hisarônû, on a découvert les restes d'un atelier d'amphores de type rhodien datant du ine siècle avant notre ère et des ier-ne siècles de notre ère. Les amphores hellénistiques sont timbrées, au nom de prêtres d'Hélios, éponymes de Rhodes, et de fabricants qui, tel Hiérotélès, sont bien connus par de nombreuses anses timbrées trouvées sur les sites de consommation. Cette découverte permet, entre autres, de réévaluer considérablement l'importance de la commercialisation des productions viticoles de la Pérée et des sept îles intégrées au tissu politique rhodien.
Olive Oil and Wine Production in Anatolia During the Antiquity, 2010
This article presents particularly three installations placed within the residential quarters tha... more This article presents particularly three installations placed within the residential quarters that were revealed at the SE sector of Burgaz. These dwellings are contemporary with the ones at Halieis and Olynthos and the installations are similarly de- fined by the hard-beaten, concrete-like floors. These installations are highly likely to be affiliated with wine and olive oil production and placed near the streets for practically discharge of wastewater. During the use of installations in the end of 4th c. BC and the beginning of 3rd c. BC, some architectural features of the dwellings have been modified.
The archaeological investigations at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light ... more The archaeological investigations at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light Hellenistic workshops of well-preserved installations for wine making such as presses, treading floors and dolia demonstrating whole production process. As an evidence for implication on the amphora stamps found, the winery in NE sector of Burgaz seems to serve various fabricants during the lifetime of wine-making activities from the beginning 3rd century B.C. till the mid of 1st century B.C. Whereas the stamped amphora handles recovered from the context of Hellenistic workshops at SE sector implies similar results.
Rural Settlements and Urban Center in Mediterranean During Antiquity, 2017
In this paper, it is contemplated that the rural clustering, determined to be arching borderwise,... more In this paper, it is contemplated that the rural clustering, determined to be arching borderwise, between Bozburun District-Selimiye Village, gives important clues in terms of comprehending the Karian style habitational practice and the way of settling in the pre-Hellenistic period. Besides, the emergence and formation of the enclaves is questioned in the light of the geographical parameters and findings obtained in the field.
Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Activities in 2002. Vol 1, 2011
This paper analyzes the actual situation of the cultural entities in Hasankeyf as well as the alt... more This paper analyzes the actual situation of the cultural entities in Hasankeyf as well as the alternating strategies in order for the conservation of this heritage against possible threats. The other parts of the study are related with the applicable recommendations and decisions as well as the strategic planning and programming works.
Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs Activities in 2002. Vol 1, 2011
This paper presents the archaeological potential of the Ilısu Dam reservoir area and reducing the... more This paper presents the archaeological potential of the Ilısu Dam reservoir area and reducing the adverse effects of the Project on the archaeological cultural entities.
This paper presents a current approaches for preserving archaeological assets within the context ... more This paper presents a current approaches for preserving archaeological assets within the context of metropolitan areas, Ankara as a case study. Advices on suitable methods and guidelines for developing policies and a strategic plan of archaeology are discussed
The Mysterious Civilization of the Phrygians, 2007
This article aims to summarize and present the archaeological studies concerning three Phrygian t... more This article aims to summarize and present the archaeological studies concerning three Phrygian tumuli, maintained by METU Museum and Archaeological Studies Center between 1967-68 and 1986-88.
This paper presents characteristics of 10 distinct ceramic workshops producing mainly amphorae, a... more This paper presents characteristics of 10 distinct ceramic workshops producing mainly amphorae, as well as other types of pottery e.g. coarse and fine wares testifed by the results of surveys carried out on the Knidian peninsula during 1980s.
This paper focuses on the assessment of arhaeological assets at the Classical site of Erythrai an... more This paper focuses on the assessment of arhaeological assets at the Classical site of Erythrai and advices and guidelines to mitigate adverse effects on the archaeological heritage under preservation.
Hasankeyf settlement has been largely flooded by the waters of the Ilısu Dam Reservoir since 2020... more Hasankeyf settlement has been largely flooded by the waters of the Ilısu Dam Reservoir since 2020. The city center of Hasankeyf, known as the Lower City, and the left bank of the Tigris River were completely submerged, while the Upper City with a unique urban fabric, remained above the maximum water level. Hasankeyf Upper City documentation study was carried out by a team under the leadership of METU-TAÇDAM in December 2002 and aimed at the documentation and identification of monumental structures that require urgent measures. In the last 20 years, Upper City has been subjected to severe damages due to many reasons, such as the construction of the retaining wall sustaining the areas over the water level, the uncontrolled access and circulation of the visitors within the area as well as the natural causes of deterioration. In this perspective, the information collected in the mentioned documentation study in 2002, bears a significant value presenting the state of the urban settlement of Upper City before the destruction of the last two decades. The inventory of cultural assets would be an important basis for the future studies regarding the Upper City.
It was understood after the 1960s that historical cities in Europe are integrated cultural resour... more It was understood after the 1960s that historical cities in Europe are integrated cultural resources that sit on multi-layered archaeological deposits, and with this approach important projects have been realized. However, in our country, the subject of urban archeology gained importance only in the 1990s and was included in the conservation legislation. However, there are no projects that can be considered successful and provide awareness of urban archaeological assets in the society.Since traditional archeological theories and methods are inadequate in urban archeology research, the theories and methods of settlement archeology have become valid since the 1960s with the help of information technologies. Accordingly, the approach in urban archeology research is not only focused on scientific problems; Determine the importance of database information in preservation of archaeological resources and management for different strategies such as reserved areas, in situ, preservation by documentation. It also requires compliance with the criteria. The archeology strategy plan to be developed according to the level of preserved archaeological deposits and degree of importance of areas with urban archaeological potential is a guide in urban conservation planning studies, scientific research for the management of archaeological designated areas. It should be a document that is based on data, produces flexible solutions and ensures the participation of stakeholders.
Arkeolojiye adanmış bir yaşam: Hayat Erkanal Anısına Akdeniz Arkeolojisi üzerine çalışmalar, 2023
On the road from Datça to Knidos, at a distance of 600 m from the road junction to Sındı village,... more On the road from Datça to Knidos, at a distance of 600 m from the road junction to Sındı village, the rock-cut inscription is identified as a marker of boundary belonging to a certain heroon. Nearby to 300 m NW of the rock-cut inscription, the platform rests on a spur of a hill supported by polygonal terrace walls. The area was presumably organized over hero's tomb providing cultic activities that bear witness to visable altar-like structure. It was probably dedicated to a unknown Knidian hero in the central highland of Knidian territorium.
Journal of Hellenistic and Roman Material Culture, 2019
This paper presents the preliminary results of studies on Knidian am- phorae found in archaeologi... more This paper presents the preliminary results of studies on Knidian am- phorae found in archaeological contexts during the excavations con- ducted at Burgaz between 1993 and 2017 by Middle East Tecnical Uni- veristy’s (METU) Centre of Research and Assessment for the Historic Environment (TAÇDAM). It focuses on analysis of the characteristics and types of Knidian amphorae at Burgaz, presenting amphora types that were produced on the Knidian peninsula and found in two par- ticular sectors excavated at Burgaz.
‘Structuring urban and maritime space at Burgaz, Turkey,’ Karia and Dodekanese, vol 1, Eds. B. Poulsen, et. al., Oxbow, 2020
Over the course of the Archaic to Late Roman periods, the settlement at Burgaz adapted its spatia... more Over the course of the Archaic to Late Roman periods, the settlement at Burgaz adapted its spatial organization to meet its chancing needs and to maintain connectivity with the regional dynamics of the Datça Peninsula in the southeast Aegean. Development focused on the expansion of maritime space in response to social and economic shifts in growth, as it evolved from a small urban centre to an industrialized settlement that altered the relationship between city and sea. In this paper, space syntax analysis is used to model the successive phases of Burgaz with an eye toward diachronic analysis of the settlement’s spatial networks and an examination of the role of maritime space as a mechanism for urban resilience in the Mediterranean world.
This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in... more This article is a comparative assessment of the wine and oil workshop installations documented in the course of a field-survey carried out in the Knidian territorium, as compared to similar examples from the Eastern Mediterranean, with a special emphasis on press beds.
In situ findings, which related to workshops located in the archaeological sites of Burgaz (Palaia Knidos) and Yağtaşı-Devtaşı, as well as finds collected during further field work, have led us to reassess our knowledge of the Knidian wine and oil extraction technologies. It seems that the most common technology used in the Hellenistic period workshops is that of the lever and weight presses. The eleven Knidian press beds which have been inventoried are of two standard types, with specific features each. In concordance with the examples repertoried in Cilicia and Caria, the larger size of the Knidian press beds were probably due to the necessity of satisfying the needs of a regional rather than domestic market.
Archaeological Research and Assessment for BTC Cude Oil Pipeline Poject, 2020
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Crude Oil Pipeline Project is the first project to actualize the enviro... more Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Crude Oil Pipeline Project is the first project to actualize the environmental impact assessment activities regarding archaeological and cultural heritage potential in Turkey in accordance with the criteria set out by the international institutions like UNESCO, World Bank. The archaeological environmental impact assessment activities for BTC Crude Oil Pipeline Project which are carried out between 2001 and 2002 within the scope of the Project and pioneer activities for Turkey still keep it up-to-date as the best practice today. The book is based on the report which is prepared in accordance with the Project’s detail engineering works and submitted to the management of BOTAŞ in 2002, and an extended version of the detailed assessment of the archaeological finds by the archaeologists assigned in the Project. Although the assessments for the BTC Crude Oil Pipeline Archaeological Cultural Heritage Management Plan included in Section 5 of the “Archaeological Environmental Assessment for Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Crude Oil Pipeline Project” which is the first article of the book are carried out by considering the unique conditions of the project and submitted to the BOTAŞ Management then, it is still a guiding light for the researches today.
Archaeology of the Bronze and Iron Age, Archaeolingua, , 1999
This paper aims to present the developments of urban archaeology that took place in the historic ... more This paper aims to present the developments of urban archaeology that took place in the historic cities of Turkey during 1980s-1990s with particular emphasis on the urban archaeological site (ancient Phocaea) at Foça as an outstanding significance of a historic settlement with potentials, constraints in the context of urban archaeology.
Bilindiği üzere Hasankeyf yerleşimi, 2020 yılı itibariyle büyük oranda Ilısu Baraj Gölü suları al... more Bilindiği üzere Hasankeyf yerleşimi, 2020 yılı itibariyle büyük oranda Ilısu Baraj Gölü suları altında kalmıştır. Hasankeyf’in Aşağı Şehir olarak bilinen kent merkezi ve Dicle Nehri’nin sol yakası tamamen su altında kalırken, özgün bir dokuya sahip Yukarı Şehir olarak bilinen kale yerleşmesi azami su tutma seviyesinin üzerinde kalmıştır. Hasankeyf Yukarı Şehir belgeleme çalışmaları, acil önlem gerektiren anıtsal yapıların belirlenmesi ve belgelenmesi amacıyla, 2002 yılı Aralık ayı içerisinde, ODTÜ-TAÇDAM koordinatörlüğündeki bir ekip tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, kent dokusunun bütünlüğü ile yapı ünitelerine yönelik tespitler yapılmış, yerleşim dokusunun özellikleri, yapı malzemeleri ve inşa teknikleri, kent dokusunun ve ünitelerin mekânsal özellikleri, mimari öğeler ile yapıların mevcut durumu ve koruma sorunlarına ilişkin bilgi toplanmıştır. 2002 yılından sonra, Yukarı Şehir’ deki çalışmalar anıtsal yapılar çevresinde yürütülen arkeolojik çalışmalar ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Son 20 yıllık süreçte, Hasankeyf Yukarı Şehir, doğal etkenlerin yanı sıra, yoğun ziyaretçi girişi, kontrolsüz erişim ve dolaşım ve baraj su tutma seviyesinin üzerinde kalan alanların güçlendirilmesi için inşa edilen istinat duvarının bir sonucu olarak ağır tahribata uğramıştır. Belgeleme çalışması, son 20 yıllık dönemde oluşan tahribat öncesindeki durumu ortaya koyması nedeniyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın önemli bir çıktısı olan kültürel varlıklar envanteri, Yukarı Şehir ile ilgili yeni çalışmalar için de zemin teşkil etmektedir.
A large‐scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, s... more A large‐scale resistivity imaging survey was performed in the acropolis area of Archaic Cnidos, south‐western Turkey. This survey was a part of the geophysical studies conducted between 1999 and 2004. Two‐dimensional resistivity data were acquired along a number of parallel lines using a pole–pole array. The data was processed using a 3D inversion algorithm based on a robust technique. We also applied shaded‐relief processing to enhance the representation of the images of apparent‐resistivity data and inversion results. In addition, the inverted resistivity data were visualized by a volumetric representation technique to display both the horizontal and the vertical extents of the archaeological structures. The inversion results revealed that a rectangular gridding pattern and a dense structuring existed in the depth range 0.35–1.5 m in the acropolis. Moreover, the bedrock was the base of the archaeological structures in the area. Based on the resistivity survey, four test excavation...
A la naissance de la Peninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire integre de la Peree rhodienne, a Hisa... more A la naissance de la Peninsule de Cnide, dans le territoire integre de la Peree rhodienne, a Hisaronu, on a decouvert les restes d'un atelier d'amphores de type rhodien datant du ine siecle avant notre ere et des ier-ne siecles de notre ere. Les amphores hellenistiques sont timbrees, au nom de pretres d'Helios, eponymes de Rhodes, et de fabricants qui, tel Hieroteles, sont bien connus par de nombreuses anses timbrees trouvees sur les sites de consommation. Cette decouverte permet, entre autres, de reevaluer considerablement l'importance de la commercialisation des productions viticoles de la Peree et des sept iles integrees au tissu politique rhodien.
BEYOND CYPRUS: INVESTIGATING CYPRIOT CONNECTIVITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN FROM THE LATE BRONZE AGE TO THE END OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD, 1922
The Apollo sanctuary at Emecik, in Knidian territory, which was active from the Geometric period ... more The Apollo sanctuary at Emecik, in Knidian territory, which was active from the Geometric period and particularly during the Archaic period, produced a large number of objects, including Cypriot, Egyptian, Phoenician and Etruscan artefacts as well as limestone votive statuettes. Most of these statuettes are dated to the first half of the 6th century BC and were used as filling material for the Lower Terrace of the sanctuary. The variety of the objects reflects the sanctu- ary’s ritual network within a regional and overseas context. Some votives are generic and are represented in parallel with material from other East Greek sites, such as Lindos, Kameiros, Vroulia, Samos, Miletus and Chios. The subject of this paper is the limestone statuettes that show great variety and are commonly thought to be Cypriot or East Greek in origin. Archaeometric analysis indicates local production for some examples. Alongside the locally produced statuettes, the majority of those that were analysed in this study were made from limestone coming from quarries within the Pachna Formation in Cyprus.
The archaeological researches at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light occu... more The archaeological researches at Ancient Burgaz carried out since 1993 have brought to light occupation layers of the Archaic/Classical Knidos which lays on the deposits dat- ing back from the 10th century BC. Among the Archaic-Classical period findings, Bur- gaz cups form the most common types. Sherds selected for this study were classified based on their rim and base forms into 11 distinct groups, which are dated through the late 7th-early 4th centuries BC. Thin section analyses showed that, the body part of the sherds consists mainly of clay-size material with embedded rock and mineral fragments. The most abundant rock fragments are mainly polycrystalline quartz of metamorphic origin and volcanic glass is also frequently encountered. Chemical analyses suggest two different sources for the raw materials. The degree of vitrification as observed by SEM analyses indicates insufficient firing. The study showed that the raw material used and the technology applied changed very little over time. The data implies local production of the Burgaz cups during the studied period.
The archaeological fieldwork of Burgaz harbours during 2011-2015 focused on survey and documentat... more The archaeological fieldwork of Burgaz harbours during 2011-2015 focused on survey and documentation of build features associated with the four harbours, limited stratigraphic excavation, and identification of shipwrecks and seafaring activity outside the harbours. The results offer new insights into the growth, expansion, and eventual abandonment of the port complex, its development alongside the urban settlement, and its changing maritime dynamics in the light of economic shifts across the peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2015
By combining underwater survey with formal and compositional study of ceramics, recent work at Bu... more By combining underwater survey with formal and compositional study of ceramics, recent work at Burgaz (SW Turkey) reveals a late 6th- or 7th-century assemblage of wine and perhaps other agricultural products carried in LR1 and LR2-related amphoras. Representing various southeast Aegean and likely Cilician producers, the mixed cargo aboard this probable shipwreck offers insights into the complex dynamics of seaborne distribution at the end of antiquity. This brief study also underscores the need for documentation in underwater survey of amphora forms and fabrics, particularly those from a period characterized by intensified and diversified production of supra-regional ceramic types.
This book aims to present the results of archaeological fieldwork conducted during 1984 summer se... more This book aims to present the results of archaeological fieldwork conducted during 1984 summer season at Lebedos. The major objective of the fieldwork carried out at Lebedos was to extend our knowledge on the archaeological site setting and occupation history.
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Excavations in Turkey by Numan - Tuna
In situ findings, which related to workshops located in the archaeological sites of Burgaz (Palaia Knidos) and Yağtaşı-Devtaşı, as well as finds collected during further field work, have led us to reassess our knowledge of the Knidian wine and oil extraction technologies. It seems that the most common technology used in the Hellenistic period workshops is that of the lever and weight presses. The eleven Knidian press beds which have been inventoried are of two standard types, with specific features each. In concordance with the examples repertoried in Cilicia and Caria, the larger size of the Knidian press beds were probably due to the necessity of satisfying the needs of a regional rather than domestic market.
The book is based on the report which is prepared in accordance with the Project’s detail engineering works and submitted to the management of BOTAŞ in 2002, and an extended version of the detailed assessment of the archaeological finds by the archaeologists assigned in the Project. Although the assessments for the BTC Crude Oil Pipeline Archaeological Cultural Heritage Management Plan included in Section 5 of the “Archaeological Environmental Assessment for Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Crude Oil Pipeline Project” which is the first article of the book are carried out by considering the unique conditions of the project and submitted to the BOTAŞ Management then, it is still a guiding light for the researches today.
The subject of this paper is the limestone statuettes that show great variety and are commonly thought to be Cypriot or East Greek in origin. Archaeometric analysis indicates local production for some examples. Alongside the locally produced statuettes, the majority of those that were analysed in this study were made from limestone coming from quarries within the Pachna Formation in Cyprus.