Classroom tests provide teachers with essential information used to make decisions about instruct... more Classroom tests provide teachers with essential information used to make decisions about instruction and student grades. A table of specification (TOS) can be used to help teachers frame the decision making process of test construction and improve the validity of teachers' evaluations based on tests constructed for classroom use. In this article we explain the purpose of a TOS and how to use it to help construct classroom tests.
The purpose of this investigation was to explore elementary teachers' beliefs about data and data... more The purpose of this investigation was to explore elementary teachers' beliefs about data and data use. Archived data from 2 research projects were used to address the following research questions: What are kindergarten and fifth-grade literacy teachers' beliefs about data and data use? What functions do the beliefs serve in teachers' actual use of data? Using a multicase study approach, 2 research teams carried out qualitative data analysis. Findings revealed that kindergarten and fifth-grade teachers held similar "macro" beliefs, and these beliefs were shaped and contextualized in response to their settings.
Classroom tests provide teachers with essential information used to make decisions about instruct... more Classroom tests provide teachers with essential information used to make decisions about instruction and student grades. A table of specification (TOS) can be used to help teachers frame the decision making process of test construction and improve the validity of teachers' evaluations based on tests constructed for classroom use. In this article we explain the purpose of a TOS and how to use it to help construct classroom tests.
The purpose of this investigation was to explore elementary teachers' beliefs about data and data... more The purpose of this investigation was to explore elementary teachers' beliefs about data and data use. Archived data from 2 research projects were used to address the following research questions: What are kindergarten and fifth-grade literacy teachers' beliefs about data and data use? What functions do the beliefs serve in teachers' actual use of data? Using a multicase study approach, 2 research teams carried out qualitative data analysis. Findings revealed that kindergarten and fifth-grade teachers held similar "macro" beliefs, and these beliefs were shaped and contextualized in response to their settings.
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