Kolonel Yang DiPertua
Kolonel Yang DiPertua adalah satu jawatan istiadat didalam sesebuah rejimen tentera. Ia biasa digunakan dalam beberapa tentera darat Komanwel, yang mana ia dipegang oleh penaung rejimen, biasanya anggota kerabat diraja. Jawatan ini dahulunya digunakan didalam tentera darat beberapa pemerintahan beraja Eropah. Kolonel Yang DiPertua hanya mempunyai peranan istiadat dalam rejimen mereka.
Tentera Darat Norway telah mengambil pendekatan yang lebih pelik untuk jawatan ini, iaitu dengan melantik seekor penguin Sir Nils Olav sebagai Kolonel Yang DiPertua.[1][2]
Sejarah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dari segi sejarah Kolonel Yang DiPertua adalah ketua istiadat sesebuah rejimen, biasanya dari kalangan anggota kerabat diraja sesebuah negara Eropah. Amalan ini boleh dijejak dari tahun 1740 di Prusia apabila Raja Frederick II memegang jawatan ini didalam Garde du Corps yang baru diwujudkan, iaitu rejimen elit kavalri berat.[3]
Pada lewat abad ke-19 jawatan ini boleh diberikan kepada anak raja; wujud gambar anak perempuan Tsar Nicholas II dalam pakaian seragam rejimen mereka.[4] Kaiser Wilhelm II merangkul gelaran itu hingga ketahap ekstrim, memegang hingga berpuluh-puluh rejimen Jerman dan (melalui ihsan diplomatik) Austria-Hungary, British, Rusia, dan Portugis. Disamping itu, ibunya, isteri, anak lelaki, dan anak perempuan juga merupakan Kolonel Yang DiPertua atau timbalan Kolonel Yang DiPertua untuk pelbagai unit.[5]
Peranan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dalam penggunaan moden, Kolonel Yang DiPertua rejimen ialah (biasanya raja) penaung, yang mempunyai peranan istiadat dalam kehidupan rejimen. Mereka tidak mempunyai peranan operasi, atau hak untuk mengeluarkan arahan, tetapi dimaklumkan semua aktiviti penting rejimen dan membuat lawatan sekali-sekala ke unitnya. Tujuan utama Kolonel Yang Dipertua ialah mengekalkan hubungan langsung antara rejimen dan kerabat diraja.[perlu rujukan] Sesetengah rejimen artileri mempunyai seorang Kapten Jeneral bagi mengganti Kolonel Yang Dipertua, namun jawatan itu adalah sama.
Posisi Kolonel Yang Dipertua berbeza daripada jawatan istiadat rejimen yang lain seperti Kolonel Rejimen dan Kolonel Kehormat, yang biasanya datang dari pegawai tentera bersara atau tokoh awam yang ada kaitan dengan rejimen.
Kolonel Yang Dipertua dilantik atas jemputan rejimen. Adalah menjadi tradisi bagi tokoh diraja memegang posisi itu,[6] dan adalah atas budi bicara rejimen atau kor untuk menjemput mereka.
Setakat tahun 2015, sebahagian besar Kolonel Yang Dipertua dalam Tentera Darat British adalah anggota Keluarga Diraja British. Walau bagaimanapun, dua raja asing memegang posisi[perlu rujukan]:
- Raja Jordan - Rejimen Kavalri Light Dragoons
- Ratu Denmark - Rejimen Diraja Princess of Wales (Ratu dan Hampshires Diraja)
Pada masa lampau tiada tokoh diraja yang pernah pegang, atau dijemput pegang, jawatan Kolonel Yang Dipertua. Duke Wellington merupakan Kolonel Yang Dipertua rejimennya sendiri, manakala Winston Churchill adalah Kolonel Yang Dipertua Rejimen Kavalri Queen's Own Hussars, iaitu rejimen yang beliau pernah berkhidmat sebelum memasuki politik. Gabenor Jeneral Kanada Adrienne Clarkson telah dijemput menjadi Kolonel Yang Dipertua Rejimen Infantri Ringan Kanada Princess Patricia,[7] sementara Kor Perubatan Tentera Darat Diraja Australia mengambil keputusan untuk meminta Gabenor Jeneral Australia menjadi Kolonel Yang Dipertuau.[8] Pengecualian ini, bagaimanapun, tidak mengubah maksud sebenar jawatan tersebut, iaitu bertindak sebagai penghubung peribadi antara rejimen dan Raja.[perlu rujukan]
Peranan ini telah berkembang ke tentera darat lain dalam Negara-Negara Komanwel, sekurang-kurangnya di negara yang mempunyai keluarga diraja.
Senarai Kolonel Yang DiPertua
[sunting | sunting sumber]Australia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Royal Australian Armoured Corps - Putera Wales
- Royal Australian Infantry Corps - Ratu
- Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery - Ratu (Kapten Jeneral)
- Corps of Royal Australian Engineers - Ratu
- Royal Australian Corps of Signals - The Princess Royal
- Royal Australian Corps of Transport - The Princess Royal
- Royal Australian Army Medical Corps - Gabenor Jeneral Australia
- Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps - Ratu
- Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps - Ratu
- Corps of Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers - Duke Edinburgh
- Royal Australian Army Educational Corps - Duchess of Gloucester
- Royal Australian Corps of Military Police - Duchess of Cornwall
Bermuda
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Bermuda Regiment - Duchess of Gloucester
Kanada
[sunting | sunting sumber]Armor
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Putera Wales
- Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) - Putera Wales
- The Governor General's Horse Guards - Ratu
- 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) - The Princess Royal
- The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) - The Duke of York
- The Prince Edward Island Regiment (RCAC) - The Earl of Wessex
- South Alberta Light Horse - The Countess of Wessex
- The Saskatchewan Dragoons - The Earl of Wessex
- The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) - Ratu
Infantri
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- The Royal Canadian Regiment - Duke of Edinburgh
- Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry - The Rt Hon Adrienne Clarkson
- Royal 22e Régiment - Ratu
- The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada - The Duchess of Cornwall
- 48th Highlanders of Canada - Ratu
- The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) - Ratu
- The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada - Putera Wales
- The Calgary Highlanders - Ratu
- The Canadian Grenadier Guards - Ratu
- The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own) - Duke of Edinburgh
- The Essex and Kent Scottish - Prince Michael of Kent
- The Grey and Simcoe Foresters - Princess Royal
- Governor General's Foot Guards - Ratu
- The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment - Earl of Wessex
- The Lincoln and Welland Regiment - Countess of Wessex
- The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) - The Duke of Kent
- The Princess Louise Fusiliers - Duke of York
- The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada - Duke of Edinburgh
- Le Régiment de la Chaudière - Ratu
- The Rocky Mountain Rangers - Ratu
- The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) - Duke of Edinburgh
- The Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada - Duke of York
- The Royal New Brunswick Regiment - Ratu
- Royal Newfoundland Regiment - Princess Royal
- The Royal Regiment of Canada - Putera Wales
- The Royal Regina Rifles - Princess Royal
- The Royal Westminster Regiment - His Grace Duke of Westminster
- The Royal Winnipeg Rifles - Putera Wales
- The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada - Duke of Edinburgh
- Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders - Ratu
- The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother's Own) - Putera Wales
- The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) -Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
- The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry) -The Right Honourable The Countess Mountbatten of Burma
- The Irish Regiment of Canada - Putera Wales
Cawangan Anggota
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery – Ratu (stail Kapten Jeneral)
- Canadian Military Engineers – Ratu
- Communications and Electronics Branch – Princess Royal
- Royal Canadian Medical Service – Princess Royal
- Royal Canadian Dental Corps – Duchess of Gloucester
- Legal Branch – Ratu[9]
- Further information: List of Canadian organizations with Royal Patronage: Military
Malaysia
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tentera Darat Malaysia
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kelompok Tempur
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja (RAMD) - Sultan Kedah, Sultan Sallehuddin Sultan Badlishah
- Rejimen Renjer Diraja (RRD) - Raja Perlis, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail
- Rejimen Sempadan (RS) -
- Kor Armor Diraja (KAD) - Sultan Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
- Grup Gerak Khas - Sultan Johor, Sultan Ibrahim (Kolonel Komandan)
Kelompok Bantuan Tempur
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Rejimen Semboyan Diraja (RSD) - Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan, Tuanku Muhriz
- Rejimen Askar Jurutera Diraja (RAJD) - Sultan Perak, Sultan Nazrin Shah
- Rejimen Artileri Diraja (RAD) - Sultan Kelantan, Sultan Muhammad V
- Kor Polis Tentera Diraja (KPTD) - Raja Perlis, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail
- Kor Risik Diraja (KRD) - Sultan Kelantan, Sultan Muhammad V
Kelompok Bantuan Perkhidmatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Kor Jurutera Letrik dan Jentera Diraja (KJLJD) - Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan, Tuanku Muhriz
- Kor Perkhidmatan Am (KPA) -
- Kor Perkhidmatan Diraja (KPD) - Sultan Kedah, Sultan Sallehuddin Sultan Badlishah
- Kor Ordnans Diraja (KOD) - Sultan Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
- Kor Kesihatan Diraja (KKD) - Sultan Perak, Sultan Nazrin Shah
- Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera (KAGAT)
Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia - Sultan Pahang, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah
Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia - Sultan Selangor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (Kapten Yang DiPertua)
New Zealand
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps - Ratu
- Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment - Ratu
- Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery - Ratu (Kapten Jeneral)
- Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers - Ratu
- Royal New Zealand Corps of Signals - Princess Royal
- Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment - Duke of York
- Corps of Royal New Zealand Electrical and Mechanical Engineers - Duke of Edinburgh
- Royal New Zealand Nursing Corps - Princess Royal
- Royal New Zealand Army Educational Corps - Duchess of Gloucester
Norway
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- His Majesty The King's Guard - Sir Nils Olav, seekor penguin[1][2]
Papua New Guinea
[sunting | sunting sumber]United Kingdom
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kavalri
[sunting | sunting sumber]- 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards - Putera Wales
- 9th/12th Royal Lancers (Putera Wales) - Duke of York
- The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons) - Ratu
- The King's Royal Hussars - Princess Royal
- The Life Guards - Ratu
- The Light Dragoons - Raja Jordan
- The Queen's Royal Hussars (Queen's Own and Royal Irish) - Duke of Edinburgh
- The Royal Dragoon Guards - Putera Wales
- The Royal Lancers - Ratu
- The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and Greys) - Ratu
- The Royal Tank Regiment - Ratu
- The Royal Wessex Yeomanry - Prince Edward
- The Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry - Ratu
Infantri
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Coldstream Guards - Ratu
- The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border) - Ratu
- Grenadier Guards - Ratu
- Irish Guards - Ratu
- The Mercian Regiment - Putera Wales
- The Parachute Regiment - Putera Wales
- The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires) - Ratu Denmark
- The Rifles - Duke of Edinburgh
- The Royal Anglian Regiment - Duke of Gloucester
- The Royal Gibraltar Regiment - TYT Gabenor Gibraltar
- The Royal Gurkha Rifles - Putera Wales
- The Royal Irish Regiment (27th (Inniskilling) 83rd and 87th and The Ulster Defence Regiment) - Duke of York
- The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers - Duke of Kent
- The Royal Regiment of Scotland - Ratu
- The Royal Welsh - Ratu
- Scots Guards - Ratu
- Welsh Guards - Ratu
- The Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th, 19th and 33rd/76th Foot) - Duke of York
Bantuan Tempur
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Army Air Corps - Putera Wales
- Corps of Royal Engineers - Ratu
- Intelligence Corps - Duke of Edinburgh
- Royal Corps of Signals - Princess Royal
- Royal Regiment of Artillery - Ratu (stail Kapten Jeneral)
Pasukan Bantuan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Adjutant General's Corps - Ratu
- Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers - Duke of Edinburgh
- Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps - Countess of Wessex
- Royal Army Dental Corps - Duchess of Gloucester
- Royal Army Medical Corps - Duke of Gloucester
- Royal Army Veterinary Corps - Princess Royal
- Royal Logistic Corps - Princess Royal
- Small Arms School Corps - Duke of York
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b "Norwegian Consulate in Edinburgh". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-10-01. Dicapai pada 2015-12-15.
- ^ a b "Military penguin becomes a 'Sir'". BBC News. 15 August 2008. Dicapai pada 13 September 2015.
- ^ Colonel-in-Chiefs belonging to the Hohenzollern Family
- ^ Granduchessa Maria Nikolaevna di Russia
- ^ Colonel-in-Chiefs belonging to the Hohenzollern Family
- ^ See this list of Colonel-in-Chief appointments held by The Prince of Wales. Diarkibkan 2012-10-17 di Wayback Machine
- ^ Clarkson to be given military honour Edmonton Journal 04/02/07
- ^ GG’s new role Department of Defence, 31/05/07
- ^ "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II accepts Royal Appointment as Colonel-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces' Legal Branch". Department of National Defence. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-08-06. Dicapai pada 19 October 2013.