Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Informat... more Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will rise from about 31 billion metric tons in 2010 to 36 billion metric tons in 2020. The carbon dioxide emissions will further grow to 45 billion metric tons by 2040, resulting in a total of 46 percent increase. One of the major contributors to the emissions will be in the exhaust gases released from the vehicles. Therefore, it can be said that by employing zero-carbon print vehicle fuel a significant change can be observed in the carbon-dioxide emission levels. Research in the area of alternative fuels, renewable and nonrenewable, has demonstrated its applicability in the vehicle power train section, however, in a laboratory environment. With the available research findings, and considering the need of time, steps have to be taken towards the development of a fueling infrastructure. From the available alternat...
C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce th... more C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contains Methane is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. This paper discusses the design of a combined heat, hydrogen and power system, which generated by Methane with use of Fuelcell, for the campus of Missouri University of Science and Technology located in Rolla, Missouri, USA. An energy flow and resource availability study was performed to identify sustainable type and source of feedstock needed to run the Fuelcell at its maximum capacity. FuelCell Energy's DFC1500 unit (a molten carbonate Fuelcell) was selected as the Fuelcell for the tri-generation (heat, hydrogen and electric power) system. This tri-generation system provides electric power to the campus, thermal energy for heating the anaerobic digester, and hydrogen for transportation, back-up power and other applications on the campus. In conclusi...
Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately avai... more Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately available resource will allow countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and reliance on fossil fuels. This energy source is created by anaerobic digestion of feedstock. Sources for feedstock include organic and inorganic waste, agricultural waste, animal by-products, and industrial waste. All of these sources of biogas are a renewable energy source. Specifically a fuel cell can utilize the methane present in biogas using integrated heat, power, and hydrogen systems. A study was performed concerning energy flow and resource availability to ascertain the type and source of feedstock to run a fuel cell system unceasingly while maintaining maximum capacity. After completion of this study and an estimation of locally available fuel, the FuelCell Energy 1500 unit (a molten carbonate fuel cell) was chosen to be used on campus. This particular fuel cell will provide ele...
Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Informat... more Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will rise from about 31 billion metric tons in 2010 to 36 billion metric tons in 2020. The carbon dioxide emissions will further grow to 45 billion metric tons by 2040, resulting in a total of 46 percent increase. One of the major contributors to the emissions will be in the exhaust gases released from the vehicles. Therefore, it can be said that by employing zero-carbon print vehicle fuel a significant change can be observed in the carbon-dioxide emission levels. Research in the area of alternative fuels, renewable and nonrenewable, has demonstrated its applicability in the vehicle power train section, however, in a laboratory environment. With the available research findings, and considering the need of time, steps have to be taken towards the development of a fueling infrastructure. From the available alternat...
Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately avai... more Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately available resource will allow countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and reliance on fossil fuels. This energy source is created by anaerobic digestion of feedstock. Sources for feedstock include organic and inorganic waste, agricultural waste, animal by-products, and industrial waste. All of these sources of biogas are a renewable energy source. Specifically a fuel cell can utilize the methane present in biogas using integrated heat, power, and hydrogen systems. A study was performed concerning energy flow and resource availability to ascertain the type and source of feedstock to run a fuel cell system unceasingly while maintaining maximum capacity. After completion of this study and an estimation of locally available fuel, the FuelCell Energy 1500 unit (a molten carbonate fuel cell) was chosen to be used on campus. This particular fuel cell will provide ele...
C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce th... more C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contains Methane is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. This paper discusses the design of a combined heat, hydrogen and power system, which generated by Methane with use of Fuelcell, for the campus of Missouri University of Science and Technology located in Rolla, Missouri, USA. An energy flow and resource availability study was performed to identify sustainable type and source of feedstock needed to run the Fuelcell at its maximum capacity. FuelCell Energy's DFC1500 unit (a molten carbonate Fuelcell) was selected as the Fuelcell for the tri-generation (heat, hydrogen and electric power) system. This tri-generation system provides electric power to the campus, thermal energy for heating the anaerobic digester, and hydrogen for transportation, back-up power and other applications on the campus. In conclusi...
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2000
Risk factors, prevalence, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma sp. and prevalence and magn... more Risk factors, prevalence, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma sp. and prevalence and magnitude of morbidity caused by schistosomiasis was assessed in a stratified random sample of 16,433 subjects from 2,409 households in 33 rural communities in Minya Governorate, Egypt. The prevalence of S. haematobium ranged from 1.9% to 32.7% among the communities and averaged 8.9%. The average intensity of infection was a geometric mean egg count (GMEC) of 8.5 per 10 ml of urine and ranged from 1.6 to 30.9. Prevalence was maximum (18-20%) in those 10-20 years of age and higher in males than in females. Intensity of infection followed the same pattern. Infection with S. mansoni was present almost exclusively in a single village, confirming spread of this species up the Nile River and its focality in Minya. Risk factors for S. haematobium infection were an age from 11 to 20; male gender; males bathing in, women washing clothing or utensils in, and children swimming or playing in canals; and...
Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Informat... more Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will rise from about 31 billion metric tons in 2010 to 36 billion metric tons in 2020. The carbon dioxide emissions will further grow to 45 billion metric tons by 2040, resulting in a total of 46 percent increase. One of the major contributors to the emissions will be in the exhaust gases released from the vehicles. Therefore, it can be said that by employing zero-carbon print vehicle fuel a significant change can be observed in the carbon-dioxide emission levels. Research in the area of alternative fuels, renewable and nonrenewable, has demonstrated its applicability in the vehicle power train section, however, in a laboratory environment. With the available research findings, and considering the need of time, steps have to be taken towards the development of a fueling infrastructure. From the available alternat...
C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce th... more C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contains Methane is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. This paper discusses the design of a combined heat, hydrogen and power system, which generated by Methane with use of Fuelcell, for the campus of Missouri University of Science and Technology located in Rolla, Missouri, USA. An energy flow and resource availability study was performed to identify sustainable type and source of feedstock needed to run the Fuelcell at its maximum capacity. FuelCell Energy's DFC1500 unit (a molten carbonate Fuelcell) was selected as the Fuelcell for the tri-generation (heat, hydrogen and electric power) system. This tri-generation system provides electric power to the campus, thermal energy for heating the anaerobic digester, and hydrogen for transportation, back-up power and other applications on the campus. In conclusi...
Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately avai... more Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately available resource will allow countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and reliance on fossil fuels. This energy source is created by anaerobic digestion of feedstock. Sources for feedstock include organic and inorganic waste, agricultural waste, animal by-products, and industrial waste. All of these sources of biogas are a renewable energy source. Specifically a fuel cell can utilize the methane present in biogas using integrated heat, power, and hydrogen systems. A study was performed concerning energy flow and resource availability to ascertain the type and source of feedstock to run a fuel cell system unceasingly while maintaining maximum capacity. After completion of this study and an estimation of locally available fuel, the FuelCell Energy 1500 unit (a molten carbonate fuel cell) was chosen to be used on campus. This particular fuel cell will provide ele...
Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Informat... more Abstract According to the International Energy Outlook 2013, released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will rise from about 31 billion metric tons in 2010 to 36 billion metric tons in 2020. The carbon dioxide emissions will further grow to 45 billion metric tons by 2040, resulting in a total of 46 percent increase. One of the major contributors to the emissions will be in the exhaust gases released from the vehicles. Therefore, it can be said that by employing zero-carbon print vehicle fuel a significant change can be observed in the carbon-dioxide emission levels. Research in the area of alternative fuels, renewable and nonrenewable, has demonstrated its applicability in the vehicle power train section, however, in a laboratory environment. With the available research findings, and considering the need of time, steps have to be taken towards the development of a fueling infrastructure. From the available alternat...
Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately avai... more Biogas is an untapped potential in regards to an alternative energy source. This immediately available resource will allow countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and reliance on fossil fuels. This energy source is created by anaerobic digestion of feedstock. Sources for feedstock include organic and inorganic waste, agricultural waste, animal by-products, and industrial waste. All of these sources of biogas are a renewable energy source. Specifically a fuel cell can utilize the methane present in biogas using integrated heat, power, and hydrogen systems. A study was performed concerning energy flow and resource availability to ascertain the type and source of feedstock to run a fuel cell system unceasingly while maintaining maximum capacity. After completion of this study and an estimation of locally available fuel, the FuelCell Energy 1500 unit (a molten carbonate fuel cell) was chosen to be used on campus. This particular fuel cell will provide ele...
C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce th... more C ountries around the world are trying to use alternative fuels and renewable energy to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contains Methane is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. This paper discusses the design of a combined heat, hydrogen and power system, which generated by Methane with use of Fuelcell, for the campus of Missouri University of Science and Technology located in Rolla, Missouri, USA. An energy flow and resource availability study was performed to identify sustainable type and source of feedstock needed to run the Fuelcell at its maximum capacity. FuelCell Energy's DFC1500 unit (a molten carbonate Fuelcell) was selected as the Fuelcell for the tri-generation (heat, hydrogen and electric power) system. This tri-generation system provides electric power to the campus, thermal energy for heating the anaerobic digester, and hydrogen for transportation, back-up power and other applications on the campus. In conclusi...
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2000
Risk factors, prevalence, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma sp. and prevalence and magn... more Risk factors, prevalence, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma sp. and prevalence and magnitude of morbidity caused by schistosomiasis was assessed in a stratified random sample of 16,433 subjects from 2,409 households in 33 rural communities in Minya Governorate, Egypt. The prevalence of S. haematobium ranged from 1.9% to 32.7% among the communities and averaged 8.9%. The average intensity of infection was a geometric mean egg count (GMEC) of 8.5 per 10 ml of urine and ranged from 1.6 to 30.9. Prevalence was maximum (18-20%) in those 10-20 years of age and higher in males than in females. Intensity of infection followed the same pattern. Infection with S. mansoni was present almost exclusively in a single village, confirming spread of this species up the Nile River and its focality in Minya. Risk factors for S. haematobium infection were an age from 11 to 20; male gender; males bathing in, women washing clothing or utensils in, and children swimming or playing in canals; and...
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Papers by Tarek Hamad