The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 2021
Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or... more Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or metal. Among the five most common plastics, i.e., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and High-density polyethylene (HDPE), all forms of polyethylene are used in packaging and production of different products like shopping bags, food wrappers, water bottles etc. essentially used in day to day life. Thermoplastics unlike thermosets are used extensively as they can be recycled again with reheating process and hence cost effective. Aggregation of this on landfill area due to its natural resistance to degradation affects soil fertility by resisting penetration of water and air into the earth. Various procedures and techniques exist to manage plastic waste, yet natural bioremediation is broadly an acknowledged eco-accommodating strategy. In the current investigation, nineteen different fungal strains were screened with di...
The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 2021
Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or... more Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or metal. Among the five most common plastics, i.e., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Low- density polyethylene (LDPE), Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and High-density poly- ethylene (HDPE), all forms of polyethylene are used in packaging and production of different products like shopping bags, food wrappers, water bottles etc. essentially used in day to day life. Thermoplastics unlike thermosets are used extensively as they can be recycled again with reheating process and hence cost effective. Aggregation of this on landfill area due to its natu- ral resistance to degradation affects soil fertility by resisting penetration of water and air into the earth. Various procedures and techniques exist to manage plastic waste, yet natural bioreme- diation is broadly an acknowledged eco-accommodating strategy. In the current investigation, nineteen different fungal strains were screened with different types of polyethylene materials (powders and beads of HDPE, LDPE & LLDPE) to determine their potential of biodegradation. Degradation of polyethylene material was determined by observing the zone of clearance and weight reduction. Results indicated ten fungal strains to be potential in degrading polyethylene which could be considered promising to be used for sustainable plastic waste management.
Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process o... more Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Irpex lacteus, a white rot fungus with a great biotechnological potential, is currently considered the most important lignocellulose degrading organism because of its potential to degrade lignin and bioremediate other lignin related pollutants. Experimental evidences of mixed cultures/co-cultures of fungal isolates suggest improved ligninolytic activity compared to monocultures. Here, we explored potential compatible fungal co-partner for Irpex lacteus to produce enhanced ligninolytic enzymes. Results of paired interaction test showed that among the eleven fungal isolates evaluated, I. lacteus was compatible with three species of Pleurotus, Phellinus and Daedaleopsis confragosa. The results suggest the above three fungal isolates to be potential fungal partner for I. lacteus in co-culturing for efficient lignin degradation and biobleaching in pulp and paper industries.
Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Muni... more Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface w...
“Mangrove” term has been applied historically to plants which live in muddy, wet soil in tropical... more “Mangrove” term has been applied historically to plants which live in muddy, wet soil in tropical or subtropical tidal waters. India has approximately 7, 00, 000 hectares of area covered by mangroves along the estuaries and ma- jor deltas. Gujarat has 1650 sq.km. long coastline area which is exclusively economical zone. Mangroves in Gujarat are divided into four zones Gulf of Kutch, Saurashtra coast, Gulf of Khambat and South Gujarat Coast. Jamnagar coast which comes under the Gulf of Kutch zone is notified as the marine national park and Sanctuary. In the pres- ent study four commonly growing mangroves Avicennia marina, Sonneratia apetala Sonneratia caseolaris and Rhi- zophora mucronata from the coastal area of Jamnagar in Gujarat have been evaluated for the leaf micromorpho- logical and anatomical features. Leaf epidermal peels were used for the evaluation of micromorphological features and serial anatomical sections were observed for the anatomical features. Results revealed that the four species growing in the same locality showed variation both micromorphologically and anatomically. Micromorphological studies revealed presence of diacytic stomata in A. marina, while anomocytic cyclocytic stomata were found in R. mucronata. Stomata were confined to the lower epidermis so the leaves were hypostomatic. In both the species of Sonneratia leaves were amphistomatic.The stomata are cyclocytic and staurocytic type in S. caseolaris and in S. apetala they are staurocytic but not cyclocytic. Secretory cavities lined by 2-3 layers of epithelial cells were present in R. mucronata while in A. marina bicellular cavities were present. Gelatinous fibres were present in the cortex of the petiole in R. mucronata. Anatomical variations were observed in the leaves of all the four different species, on the basis of which they could be differentiated.
A wide range of enzyme applications have been identified in pulp and paper industry, especially x... more A wide range of enzyme applications have been identified in pulp and paper industry, especially xylanase & laccase which is used in pre-bleaching of pulp. The use of biological agent is becoming an increasingly important alternative to chemical agent in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Trichoderma reesei produce alkaline xylanase, which is an enzyme very important for brightening of paper in the pulp and paper industry. White rot basidiomycetes fungi secrete extracellular enzyme laccase which plays an important role in the delignification & brightening of pulp and also in the removal of lipophilic extractives responsible for pitch deposition from both wood & non-wood paper pulp. Experimental evidence suggests that co-culture of ligninolytic and filamentous micro fungi results in increased enzyme activities. In the present study co-culture of Trichoderma reesei with two white-rot fungi Pleurotus sajorkaju and Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been compared with monocultures for enzyme activities. Results revealed that co-cultures of T. reesei with P. sajorkaju and P. chrysosporium showed an increase in the activities with a reduction in the incubation period. T. reesei with P. sajorkaju proved to be a better co-culture for all the ligninolytic enzyme activities but T. reesei with P. chrysosporium showed significantly higher activity than T. reesei and P. sajorkaju. Thus using this co-culture technique in paper and pulp industries can enhance the enzyme activity.
Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process o... more Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Irpex lacteus, a white rot fungus with a great biotechnological potential, is currently considered the most important lignocellulose degrading organism because of its potential to degrade lignin and bio-remediate other lignin related pollutants. Experimental evidences of mixed cultures/co-cultures of fungal isolates suggest improved ligninolytic activity compared to monocultures. Here, we explored potential compatible fungal co-partner for Irpex lacteus to produce enhanced ligninolytic enzymes. Results of paired interaction test showed that among the eleven fungal isolates evaluated, I. lacteus was compatible with three species of Pleurotus, Phellinus and Daedaleopsis confragosa. The results suggest the above three fungal isolates to be potential fungal partner for I. lacteus in co-culturing for efficient lignin degradation and biobleaching in pulp and paper industries.
Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Muni... more Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface water, soil and air.
The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 2021
Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or... more Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or metal. Among the five most common plastics, i.e., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and High-density polyethylene (HDPE), all forms of polyethylene are used in packaging and production of different products like shopping bags, food wrappers, water bottles etc. essentially used in day to day life. Thermoplastics unlike thermosets are used extensively as they can be recycled again with reheating process and hence cost effective. Aggregation of this on landfill area due to its natural resistance to degradation affects soil fertility by resisting penetration of water and air into the earth. Various procedures and techniques exist to manage plastic waste, yet natural bioremediation is broadly an acknowledged eco-accommodating strategy. In the current investigation, nineteen different fungal strains were screened with di...
The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 2021
Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or... more Use of plastics for many day to day applications has replaced traditional materials like glass or metal. Among the five most common plastics, i.e., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Low- density polyethylene (LDPE), Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and High-density poly- ethylene (HDPE), all forms of polyethylene are used in packaging and production of different products like shopping bags, food wrappers, water bottles etc. essentially used in day to day life. Thermoplastics unlike thermosets are used extensively as they can be recycled again with reheating process and hence cost effective. Aggregation of this on landfill area due to its natu- ral resistance to degradation affects soil fertility by resisting penetration of water and air into the earth. Various procedures and techniques exist to manage plastic waste, yet natural bioreme- diation is broadly an acknowledged eco-accommodating strategy. In the current investigation, nineteen different fungal strains were screened with different types of polyethylene materials (powders and beads of HDPE, LDPE & LLDPE) to determine their potential of biodegradation. Degradation of polyethylene material was determined by observing the zone of clearance and weight reduction. Results indicated ten fungal strains to be potential in degrading polyethylene which could be considered promising to be used for sustainable plastic waste management.
Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process o... more Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Irpex lacteus, a white rot fungus with a great biotechnological potential, is currently considered the most important lignocellulose degrading organism because of its potential to degrade lignin and bioremediate other lignin related pollutants. Experimental evidences of mixed cultures/co-cultures of fungal isolates suggest improved ligninolytic activity compared to monocultures. Here, we explored potential compatible fungal co-partner for Irpex lacteus to produce enhanced ligninolytic enzymes. Results of paired interaction test showed that among the eleven fungal isolates evaluated, I. lacteus was compatible with three species of Pleurotus, Phellinus and Daedaleopsis confragosa. The results suggest the above three fungal isolates to be potential fungal partner for I. lacteus in co-culturing for efficient lignin degradation and biobleaching in pulp and paper industries.
Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Muni... more Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface w...
“Mangrove” term has been applied historically to plants which live in muddy, wet soil in tropical... more “Mangrove” term has been applied historically to plants which live in muddy, wet soil in tropical or subtropical tidal waters. India has approximately 7, 00, 000 hectares of area covered by mangroves along the estuaries and ma- jor deltas. Gujarat has 1650 sq.km. long coastline area which is exclusively economical zone. Mangroves in Gujarat are divided into four zones Gulf of Kutch, Saurashtra coast, Gulf of Khambat and South Gujarat Coast. Jamnagar coast which comes under the Gulf of Kutch zone is notified as the marine national park and Sanctuary. In the pres- ent study four commonly growing mangroves Avicennia marina, Sonneratia apetala Sonneratia caseolaris and Rhi- zophora mucronata from the coastal area of Jamnagar in Gujarat have been evaluated for the leaf micromorpho- logical and anatomical features. Leaf epidermal peels were used for the evaluation of micromorphological features and serial anatomical sections were observed for the anatomical features. Results revealed that the four species growing in the same locality showed variation both micromorphologically and anatomically. Micromorphological studies revealed presence of diacytic stomata in A. marina, while anomocytic cyclocytic stomata were found in R. mucronata. Stomata were confined to the lower epidermis so the leaves were hypostomatic. In both the species of Sonneratia leaves were amphistomatic.The stomata are cyclocytic and staurocytic type in S. caseolaris and in S. apetala they are staurocytic but not cyclocytic. Secretory cavities lined by 2-3 layers of epithelial cells were present in R. mucronata while in A. marina bicellular cavities were present. Gelatinous fibres were present in the cortex of the petiole in R. mucronata. Anatomical variations were observed in the leaves of all the four different species, on the basis of which they could be differentiated.
A wide range of enzyme applications have been identified in pulp and paper industry, especially x... more A wide range of enzyme applications have been identified in pulp and paper industry, especially xylanase & laccase which is used in pre-bleaching of pulp. The use of biological agent is becoming an increasingly important alternative to chemical agent in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Trichoderma reesei produce alkaline xylanase, which is an enzyme very important for brightening of paper in the pulp and paper industry. White rot basidiomycetes fungi secrete extracellular enzyme laccase which plays an important role in the delignification & brightening of pulp and also in the removal of lipophilic extractives responsible for pitch deposition from both wood & non-wood paper pulp. Experimental evidence suggests that co-culture of ligninolytic and filamentous micro fungi results in increased enzyme activities. In the present study co-culture of Trichoderma reesei with two white-rot fungi Pleurotus sajorkaju and Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been compared with monocultures for enzyme activities. Results revealed that co-cultures of T. reesei with P. sajorkaju and P. chrysosporium showed an increase in the activities with a reduction in the incubation period. T. reesei with P. sajorkaju proved to be a better co-culture for all the ligninolytic enzyme activities but T. reesei with P. chrysosporium showed significantly higher activity than T. reesei and P. sajorkaju. Thus using this co-culture technique in paper and pulp industries can enhance the enzyme activity.
Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process o... more Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Irpex lacteus, a white rot fungus with a great biotechnological potential, is currently considered the most important lignocellulose degrading organism because of its potential to degrade lignin and bio-remediate other lignin related pollutants. Experimental evidences of mixed cultures/co-cultures of fungal isolates suggest improved ligninolytic activity compared to monocultures. Here, we explored potential compatible fungal co-partner for Irpex lacteus to produce enhanced ligninolytic enzymes. Results of paired interaction test showed that among the eleven fungal isolates evaluated, I. lacteus was compatible with three species of Pleurotus, Phellinus and Daedaleopsis confragosa. The results suggest the above three fungal isolates to be potential fungal partner for I. lacteus in co-culturing for efficient lignin degradation and biobleaching in pulp and paper industries.
Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Muni... more Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface water, soil and air.
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