I deal with 19th century Central European architecture history, urban history, and the ideas of national identity (c.f. the process of creating national self-conciseness) from the point of view of the architecture. Address: Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa. Birkhauser, 2016) about Kossuth... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa. Birkhauser, 2016) about Kossuth-Mausoleum in Budapest.
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (ed. by Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about 19th... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (ed. by Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about 19th Century mausoleums in Hungary.
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about the Dom... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about the Domestic Architecture of neo-classical time in Pest.
A haza építőkövei / Building the Homeland. Szerk./Eds. Farbaky, Péter - Farbakyné Deklava, Lilla, 2022
In this paper, I present a chapter in the history of Hungarian national architecture based on his... more In this paper, I present a chapter in the history of Hungarian national architecture based on historical forms. From the 1870s onwards, parallel to the arthistorical re-evaluation of the Renaissance, the Renaissance monuments of Northern Hungarian architecture appeared as possible sources of the national architectural style.
Forging Architectural Tradition (Eds. Dragan Damjanovich - Alexander Lupienko), 2022
The national past, primarily the most important or glorious periods of a national history, provid... more The national past, primarily the most important or glorious periods of a national history, provided the basis for assigning specific historical styles as representative of a particular nation. Historical buildings exemplifying national history began to be studied as possible sources of inspiration for the creation of national architecture. In what follows, I will examine the question of how sixteenth- and seventeenth-century North-Hungarian Renaissance architecture provided a model for the creation of national architecture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit einem-insbesondere hinsichdich seiner Komposition-bedeutenden Gebiud... more Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit einem-insbesondere hinsichdich seiner Komposition-bedeutenden Gebiude des 19. Jahrhunderts in der Slowakei. Das Theaterund Redoutengebiiude mit einem Restaurant und Hotel in Zipser Neudorf (SpigskU Novi Ves, Igl6) vereint in sich typische Funktionen einer Gro8stadtarchitektur, deren spezifischen Ansprilchen die architektonische Gestaltung sowie die Aufreihung der PiUume angepasst wurden. Betrachtet man die innere Komposition und den Grundriss etwas nýiher, kann man behaupten, daB die Funktionen wirklich gut und harmonisch zusammengefiigt wurden-was auch die heutige unverinderte Nutzung beweist. Der Architekt des Theaterund Redoutengebdudes war Koloman Mit dem Theaterund Redoutengebiiude in Zipser Neudorf (Spigski Novi Ves, Igl6) befasste sich die Fachliteratur bis heute nur sporadisch. Das Gebiude wurde vor allem in kunstgeschichtlichen Zusammenfassungen und in topografischen Bekanntmachungen erwifhnt. Siehe Magyarors.Zdg kipes albuma [Bilderalbum von Ungarn]. Budapest [o. J., nach 1902]; TORAN, E.: Arcbitek".ra drubhjpolovice 19. storofia na Slovensku [Architektur zweiter Hfflfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in der Slowakei]. [Diss.] Bratislava 1965, s. 122; CHALU-PECKY, I.: Spifskd Noni V/es a okoke [Zipser Neudorf und die Umgebung]. Kogice 1971, S. 64, 70; CHALUPECKk, I.: Okres Spilskd Nov. V/es-kknotnica pamiatok [Der Kreis Zipser Neudorf-cine Schatzkammer der Kulturdenkmidler]. Gerster aus Budapest, der in einem Wettbewerb in 1899 den Ausfiihrungsauftrag bekam. Neben der Person des Architekten wird auch das Gebaude im Kontext Gersters Gesamtwerkes behandelt. Schlief3lich wird versucht, die Quellen von kompositionellen und stilistischen Elementen zu er6ffnen.' Der Architekt Koloman Gerster zihlte zu den bedeutenden Architekten der zweiten Hiilfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Er entstammte einer typischen Pester Architektenfamilie: sein Vaterder in Kaschau (Kogice, Kassa) geborene Karol Gerster siedelte spdtesten in 1845 nach Pest um, da er in diesem Jahr ein Gemeinschaftsunternehmen mit Frigyes Feszl und
In the 19th century, one of the most important national events in Hungary was the 1896 millennial... more In the 19th century, one of the most important national events in Hungary was the 1896 millennial celebration of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. A central act of the festivity’s symbolical episodes was the erection of the so-called Millennium Memorial (or Millennial Monument) at Heroes’ Square in Budapest. The monument consists of a colonnaded architectural framework that embraces a sculpture gallery featuring Hungarian leaders and rulers. My paper presents the history of the monument from concept to completion. Besides the artistic patterns of the architectural framework designed by Albert Schickedanz, special attention is given to the sculptures of the Hungarian sculptors who worked under the direction of the artist György Zala, as well as to the relations between the sculptors and the artistic scene of Vienna, and to the models they used. In addition to these primarily art historical aspects, my paper discusses the cultural context of the Memorial. It seeks answers to the questions of how the Memorial became a symbol of national identity already at the stage of planning and what ideas about the shaping of the national self-image defined the final form of the Memorial.
Acta Historiae Artium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2018
In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was aske... more In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was asked to share with his Hungarian colleagues his thoughts on the tasks of modern architecture, including his views on the issue of the potentials of national architecture. The elderly Austrian architect replied in a letter, which appeared in Budapest’s leading architectural journal of the age, Vállalkozók Lapja. Based on this scarcely known letter and its Hungarian reception that together form an important episode in the discourse on national art and architecture, my paper investigates the conflicting ideals of nationalism and/or modernism, ideals that bear significance to architecture history, urbanism and the formation of national identity alike.
Barral i Altet, Xavier - Lővei, Pál - Luccerini, Vinni - Takács, Imre (Eds.): The Art of Medieval Hungary, 2018
It would be perfectly reasonable to ask how a paper on nineteenth-century architecture ended up i... more It would be perfectly reasonable to ask how a paper on nineteenth-century architecture ended up in a volume of essays dealing with the various periods and styles of medieval art in Hungary, the different groups of monuments, and the connections that can be discerned from the monuments themselves.
1915-ben Otto Wagnert, a modern közép-európai építészet iskolateremtő mesterét felkérték, ossza m... more 1915-ben Otto Wagnert, a modern közép-európai építészet iskolateremtő mesterét felkérték, ossza meg magyar kollégáival, miként vélekedik a modern építészet fela-datairól, ezen belül mi a véleménye a nemzeti jellegű építészet lehetőségének kérdéséről. Az idős osztrák építész levélben válaszolt, írása a kor elsőrangú budapesti szaklapjában, a Vállalkozók Lapjában jelent meg. Válaszában az építészet elsődleges feladataként a célszerűséget, hasznosságot és racionalitást jelölte meg. Véleménye szerint a nemzeti jelleg keresése a modern nagyvárosi építészet által megoldandó feladatok felől nézve szükségtelen, hibás, mi több irreleváns. Nem meglepő módon a hazai építész szakma meglehetősen hevesen reagált az írás kontroverzális hangvételére. A Wagner szöveg nyomán a szakmán belül bizonyos mértékű polarizálódás volt megfigyelhető, mely hatással volt a következő évek-évtizedek építészeti szcénájának alakulására is.
GÁBOR GYÖRGY PAPP
“THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS”
THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHI... more GÁBOR GYÖRGY PAPP “THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS” THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHIBITION AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING A NATIONAL IDENTITY
This study focuses on the buildings in the historical group of the 1896 Millennial Exhibition and their making, in the context of the development of national identity at the end of the 19th century. It questions the degree to which the design of those buildings mirrored the constantly changing ideal of national architecture. The exhibition ensemble, which can be seen as the closing chord of the historicist approach, provided a comprehensive picture of historical knowledge. However, the building complex that utilised details from the most noteworthy buildings of historical Hungary did not become an example to be followed in the establishment of a national architecture. It seems that at the turn of the century, invention and inquiry gained more ground over copying old models. Nevertheless, the shifts in meaning that the Vajdahunyadvár at the city park went through adequately demonstrate the reevaluation of national past at the dawn of the 20th century.
In Theophil Hansen’s bequest in Vienna, a series consisting of three previously unknown sheets of... more In Theophil Hansen’s bequest in Vienna, a series consisting of three previously unknown sheets of paper is stored at the Akademie der bildenden Künste Kupferstichkabinett. These are contemporaneous, partly coloured photographic copies of Miklós Ybl’s drawings of the Palace of Customs in Pest. The drawings are from the early planning stage of the Palace of Customs (mid-June to mid-July 1870), on which the Budapest City Archives’ Ybl Bequest holds very little data. In addition to their documentary value, these sheets are also important because of the precise information they provide regarding the various modifications that took place during the planning, including the exact chronology of these modifications. These documents also enable us to tie a perspec- tive view previously known from reproductions to this series and thereby date it more precisely. These three copies were made in Budapest and wound up in Vienna presumably because their au- thor asked his Viennese colleague and great authority Theophil Hansen to give an expert opinion on the plans. There are several examples of these kinds of professional connections in Ybl’s oeuvre (see the plans for the Basilica in Budapest).
SELF-IMAGE-MAKING AND THE NOTION OF REGION
HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-C... more SELF-IMAGE-MAKING AND THE NOTION OF REGION HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-CENTURY PERIODICALS What was the role of the Hungarian architectural press in shaping the relationship between Hungarian architects and their European colleagues? Could it transmit indispensable knowledge and information so that Hungarian architects could follow the European discourse on architecture? To what extent did Hungarian circles of professionals infl uence the image of contemporary Hungarian architecture presented in the European architectural press? In my paper I intend to answer these questions based on the articles on European architecture published in Építési Ipar and Magyar Mérnök- és Építész-Egylet Közlönye, and the articles on Hungarian architecture from Allgemeine Bauzeitung and Wiener Bauindustriezeitung. In the fi rst part of my paper the issues raised above are placed in broader contexts, such as contemporary concepts of home and abroad, the notion of local and foreign territories. Thus I will give an overview of what people thought about their regional affi liations in Vienna and Budapest. The second part of my study is a thematically structured presentation of the articles on the subjects. My research has led me to the conclusion that by reading Hungarian architectural journals architects could gain the necessary knowledge that made their participation in the European discourse possible. Hungarian architectural journals served as a reliable source of information regarding the problems European architects faced and the new achievements of architecture in Europe and beyond. However, personal interests and contacts seem to have played a decisive role in the selection of Hungarian buildings presented or topics discussed in the Viennese press. The international network of Hungarian architects opened channels that enabled the import of European knowledge to Hungary and transmitted the image Hungarian architects wanted to show of their work. The picture of Hungarian architecture refl ected in Viennese journals does not simply offer us an insight into the contemporary view of the country, it is an important cross-section of the image Hungarian architects presented of themselves abroad, as well.
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa. Birkhauser, 2016) about Kossuth... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa. Birkhauser, 2016) about Kossuth-Mausoleum in Budapest.
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (ed. by Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about 19th... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (ed. by Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about 19th Century mausoleums in Hungary.
A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about the Dom... more A chapter from the book Motherland and Progress (Ed. Jozsef Sisa, Birkhauser, 2016) about the Domestic Architecture of neo-classical time in Pest.
A haza építőkövei / Building the Homeland. Szerk./Eds. Farbaky, Péter - Farbakyné Deklava, Lilla, 2022
In this paper, I present a chapter in the history of Hungarian national architecture based on his... more In this paper, I present a chapter in the history of Hungarian national architecture based on historical forms. From the 1870s onwards, parallel to the arthistorical re-evaluation of the Renaissance, the Renaissance monuments of Northern Hungarian architecture appeared as possible sources of the national architectural style.
Forging Architectural Tradition (Eds. Dragan Damjanovich - Alexander Lupienko), 2022
The national past, primarily the most important or glorious periods of a national history, provid... more The national past, primarily the most important or glorious periods of a national history, provided the basis for assigning specific historical styles as representative of a particular nation. Historical buildings exemplifying national history began to be studied as possible sources of inspiration for the creation of national architecture. In what follows, I will examine the question of how sixteenth- and seventeenth-century North-Hungarian Renaissance architecture provided a model for the creation of national architecture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit einem-insbesondere hinsichdich seiner Komposition-bedeutenden Gebiud... more Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit einem-insbesondere hinsichdich seiner Komposition-bedeutenden Gebiude des 19. Jahrhunderts in der Slowakei. Das Theaterund Redoutengebiiude mit einem Restaurant und Hotel in Zipser Neudorf (SpigskU Novi Ves, Igl6) vereint in sich typische Funktionen einer Gro8stadtarchitektur, deren spezifischen Ansprilchen die architektonische Gestaltung sowie die Aufreihung der PiUume angepasst wurden. Betrachtet man die innere Komposition und den Grundriss etwas nýiher, kann man behaupten, daB die Funktionen wirklich gut und harmonisch zusammengefiigt wurden-was auch die heutige unverinderte Nutzung beweist. Der Architekt des Theaterund Redoutengebdudes war Koloman Mit dem Theaterund Redoutengebiiude in Zipser Neudorf (Spigski Novi Ves, Igl6) befasste sich die Fachliteratur bis heute nur sporadisch. Das Gebiude wurde vor allem in kunstgeschichtlichen Zusammenfassungen und in topografischen Bekanntmachungen erwifhnt. Siehe Magyarors.Zdg kipes albuma [Bilderalbum von Ungarn]. Budapest [o. J., nach 1902]; TORAN, E.: Arcbitek".ra drubhjpolovice 19. storofia na Slovensku [Architektur zweiter Hfflfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in der Slowakei]. [Diss.] Bratislava 1965, s. 122; CHALU-PECKY, I.: Spifskd Noni V/es a okoke [Zipser Neudorf und die Umgebung]. Kogice 1971, S. 64, 70; CHALUPECKk, I.: Okres Spilskd Nov. V/es-kknotnica pamiatok [Der Kreis Zipser Neudorf-cine Schatzkammer der Kulturdenkmidler]. Gerster aus Budapest, der in einem Wettbewerb in 1899 den Ausfiihrungsauftrag bekam. Neben der Person des Architekten wird auch das Gebaude im Kontext Gersters Gesamtwerkes behandelt. Schlief3lich wird versucht, die Quellen von kompositionellen und stilistischen Elementen zu er6ffnen.' Der Architekt Koloman Gerster zihlte zu den bedeutenden Architekten der zweiten Hiilfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Er entstammte einer typischen Pester Architektenfamilie: sein Vaterder in Kaschau (Kogice, Kassa) geborene Karol Gerster siedelte spdtesten in 1845 nach Pest um, da er in diesem Jahr ein Gemeinschaftsunternehmen mit Frigyes Feszl und
In the 19th century, one of the most important national events in Hungary was the 1896 millennial... more In the 19th century, one of the most important national events in Hungary was the 1896 millennial celebration of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. A central act of the festivity’s symbolical episodes was the erection of the so-called Millennium Memorial (or Millennial Monument) at Heroes’ Square in Budapest. The monument consists of a colonnaded architectural framework that embraces a sculpture gallery featuring Hungarian leaders and rulers. My paper presents the history of the monument from concept to completion. Besides the artistic patterns of the architectural framework designed by Albert Schickedanz, special attention is given to the sculptures of the Hungarian sculptors who worked under the direction of the artist György Zala, as well as to the relations between the sculptors and the artistic scene of Vienna, and to the models they used. In addition to these primarily art historical aspects, my paper discusses the cultural context of the Memorial. It seeks answers to the questions of how the Memorial became a symbol of national identity already at the stage of planning and what ideas about the shaping of the national self-image defined the final form of the Memorial.
Acta Historiae Artium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2018
In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was aske... more In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was asked to share with his Hungarian colleagues his thoughts on the tasks of modern architecture, including his views on the issue of the potentials of national architecture. The elderly Austrian architect replied in a letter, which appeared in Budapest’s leading architectural journal of the age, Vállalkozók Lapja. Based on this scarcely known letter and its Hungarian reception that together form an important episode in the discourse on national art and architecture, my paper investigates the conflicting ideals of nationalism and/or modernism, ideals that bear significance to architecture history, urbanism and the formation of national identity alike.
Barral i Altet, Xavier - Lővei, Pál - Luccerini, Vinni - Takács, Imre (Eds.): The Art of Medieval Hungary, 2018
It would be perfectly reasonable to ask how a paper on nineteenth-century architecture ended up i... more It would be perfectly reasonable to ask how a paper on nineteenth-century architecture ended up in a volume of essays dealing with the various periods and styles of medieval art in Hungary, the different groups of monuments, and the connections that can be discerned from the monuments themselves.
1915-ben Otto Wagnert, a modern közép-európai építészet iskolateremtő mesterét felkérték, ossza m... more 1915-ben Otto Wagnert, a modern közép-európai építészet iskolateremtő mesterét felkérték, ossza meg magyar kollégáival, miként vélekedik a modern építészet fela-datairól, ezen belül mi a véleménye a nemzeti jellegű építészet lehetőségének kérdéséről. Az idős osztrák építész levélben válaszolt, írása a kor elsőrangú budapesti szaklapjában, a Vállalkozók Lapjában jelent meg. Válaszában az építészet elsődleges feladataként a célszerűséget, hasznosságot és racionalitást jelölte meg. Véleménye szerint a nemzeti jelleg keresése a modern nagyvárosi építészet által megoldandó feladatok felől nézve szükségtelen, hibás, mi több irreleváns. Nem meglepő módon a hazai építész szakma meglehetősen hevesen reagált az írás kontroverzális hangvételére. A Wagner szöveg nyomán a szakmán belül bizonyos mértékű polarizálódás volt megfigyelhető, mely hatással volt a következő évek-évtizedek építészeti szcénájának alakulására is.
GÁBOR GYÖRGY PAPP
“THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS”
THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHI... more GÁBOR GYÖRGY PAPP “THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS” THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHIBITION AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING A NATIONAL IDENTITY
This study focuses on the buildings in the historical group of the 1896 Millennial Exhibition and their making, in the context of the development of national identity at the end of the 19th century. It questions the degree to which the design of those buildings mirrored the constantly changing ideal of national architecture. The exhibition ensemble, which can be seen as the closing chord of the historicist approach, provided a comprehensive picture of historical knowledge. However, the building complex that utilised details from the most noteworthy buildings of historical Hungary did not become an example to be followed in the establishment of a national architecture. It seems that at the turn of the century, invention and inquiry gained more ground over copying old models. Nevertheless, the shifts in meaning that the Vajdahunyadvár at the city park went through adequately demonstrate the reevaluation of national past at the dawn of the 20th century.
In Theophil Hansen’s bequest in Vienna, a series consisting of three previously unknown sheets of... more In Theophil Hansen’s bequest in Vienna, a series consisting of three previously unknown sheets of paper is stored at the Akademie der bildenden Künste Kupferstichkabinett. These are contemporaneous, partly coloured photographic copies of Miklós Ybl’s drawings of the Palace of Customs in Pest. The drawings are from the early planning stage of the Palace of Customs (mid-June to mid-July 1870), on which the Budapest City Archives’ Ybl Bequest holds very little data. In addition to their documentary value, these sheets are also important because of the precise information they provide regarding the various modifications that took place during the planning, including the exact chronology of these modifications. These documents also enable us to tie a perspec- tive view previously known from reproductions to this series and thereby date it more precisely. These three copies were made in Budapest and wound up in Vienna presumably because their au- thor asked his Viennese colleague and great authority Theophil Hansen to give an expert opinion on the plans. There are several examples of these kinds of professional connections in Ybl’s oeuvre (see the plans for the Basilica in Budapest).
SELF-IMAGE-MAKING AND THE NOTION OF REGION
HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-C... more SELF-IMAGE-MAKING AND THE NOTION OF REGION HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-CENTURY PERIODICALS What was the role of the Hungarian architectural press in shaping the relationship between Hungarian architects and their European colleagues? Could it transmit indispensable knowledge and information so that Hungarian architects could follow the European discourse on architecture? To what extent did Hungarian circles of professionals infl uence the image of contemporary Hungarian architecture presented in the European architectural press? In my paper I intend to answer these questions based on the articles on European architecture published in Építési Ipar and Magyar Mérnök- és Építész-Egylet Közlönye, and the articles on Hungarian architecture from Allgemeine Bauzeitung and Wiener Bauindustriezeitung. In the fi rst part of my paper the issues raised above are placed in broader contexts, such as contemporary concepts of home and abroad, the notion of local and foreign territories. Thus I will give an overview of what people thought about their regional affi liations in Vienna and Budapest. The second part of my study is a thematically structured presentation of the articles on the subjects. My research has led me to the conclusion that by reading Hungarian architectural journals architects could gain the necessary knowledge that made their participation in the European discourse possible. Hungarian architectural journals served as a reliable source of information regarding the problems European architects faced and the new achievements of architecture in Europe and beyond. However, personal interests and contacts seem to have played a decisive role in the selection of Hungarian buildings presented or topics discussed in the Viennese press. The international network of Hungarian architects opened channels that enabled the import of European knowledge to Hungary and transmitted the image Hungarian architects wanted to show of their work. The picture of Hungarian architecture refl ected in Viennese journals does not simply offer us an insight into the contemporary view of the country, it is an important cross-section of the image Hungarian architects presented of themselves abroad, as well.
In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was aske... more In 1915 Otto Wagner, the school-founding master of modern Central European architecture, was asked to share with his Hungarian colleagues his thoughts on the tasks of modern architecture, including his views on the issue of the potential of national architecture. The elderly Austrian architect replied in a letter, which appeared in Budapest's leading architectural journal of the age, Vállalkozók Lapja. In his reply Wagner identified practicality, usefulness and rationality as the primary tasks of architecture. In his view, seeking a national style was unnecessary, wrong and even irrelevant approaching the issue from the aspect of tasks to be addressed by modern metropolitan architecture. Not surprisingly, the controversial tone of his letter prompted a heated response from Hungarian architects. As a result of Wagner's text, there was a degree of polarisation which influenced the development of the architectural scene in the coming years and decades.
A Millenniumi Kiállítás történelmi épületei és szerepük a nemzeti identitás formálásában
Előadá... more A Millenniumi Kiállítás történelmi épületei és szerepük a nemzeti identitás formálásában
Előadásomban a nemzeti identitás, a nemzeti jelleg megjelenítését egy speciális emlékanyag, az 1896-os Millenniumi Kiállítás történelmi épületeinek példáján kívánom vizsgálni. A nemzetépítés, nemzeti identitás formálása és az építészeti nacionalizmus elterjedése szempontjából különös jelentősége van az 1896-os Millenniumi kiállításnak. Előadásom első részében a kiállítás történelmi részével, az annak helyet adó épületekkel, azok létrehozásának ideájával, elrendezésével, illetve kis részben a kiállított műtárgyak körével foglalkozom. Azt kívánom közelebbről megvizsgálni, hogyan került a nemzeti akcentus a millenniumi kiállítás épületei megalkotásának történetébe. Előadásom második részében azt veszem szemügyre, milyen szerepe volt ennek a kiállításnak az építészeti nacionalizmus szemléletmódjának elterjedésében. A kiállítás példáján keresztül arra kívánok rámutatni, hogy a 19. század utolsó éveire hogyan jutott a nemzet önazonosságát megjelenítő építészet bizonyos értelemben zsákutcába, utalva egyúttal a historizáló építészet korlátaira a nemzeti identitás kifejezésében.
Budapest: 1896. The Architecture of the Millennial Exhibition and the Shaping of National Identit... more Budapest: 1896. The Architecture of the Millennial Exhibition and the Shaping of National Identity
The appearance of architectural nationalism at the end of the 19 th century can be connected to an event of nationwide importance which had special significance in the process of nation building. This was an exhibition organized in 1896 in order to present Hungary's economic achievements, wealth, and historical past. My paper is going to analyze the role of this exhibition in the dissemination of architectural nationalism and its contribution to the fact that the ideas on national architecture had reached a dead end by the end of the 19 th century.
19th Century Hungarian architecture had primarily European connections and style and especially C... more 19th Century Hungarian architecture had primarily European connections and style and especially Central European one at that. Along with their common history the birth of modern nation states also opened new perspectives for Central European States. Against this background the question of identity and its representation was a recurring problem. In this paper I’m going to investigate the context and method of constructing and defining national or indigenous architecture in the period between the early 19th century and the World War I. The final goal of my project is to examine this process in the light of similar Central European endeavours to construct a national identity. However, today I am going to present you some details of my research focusing on the typically Hungarian examples.
During the nineteenth century, a change developed in the way architectural objects from the dista... more During the nineteenth century, a change developed in the way architectural objects from the distant past were viewed by contemporaries. Such edifices, be they churches, castles, chapels or various other buildings, were not only admired for their aesthetic values, but also for the role they played in ancient times, and their role as reminders of important events from the national past. Architectural heritage often was (and still is) an important element of nation building. Authors address the process of building national myths around certain architectural objects. National narratives are questioned, as is the position architectural heritage played in the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.
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Papers by Gábor György Papp
together form an important episode in the discourse on national art and architecture, my paper investigates the conflicting ideals of nationalism and/or modernism, ideals that bear significance to architecture history, urbanism and the formation of national identity alike.
“THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS”
THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHIBITION
AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING A NATIONAL IDENTITY
This study focuses on the buildings in the historical group of the 1896 Millennial Exhibition and their making, in the context of the development of national identity at the end of the 19th century. It questions the degree to which the design of those buildings mirrored the constantly changing ideal of national architecture. The exhibition ensemble, which can be seen as the closing chord of the historicist approach, provided a comprehensive picture of historical knowledge. However, the building
complex that utilised details from the most noteworthy buildings of historical Hungary did not become an example to be followed in the establishment of a national architecture. It seems that at the turn of the century, invention and inquiry gained more ground over copying old models. Nevertheless, the shifts in meaning that the Vajdahunyadvár at the city park went through adequately demonstrate the reevaluation of national past at the dawn of the 20th century.
paper is stored at the Akademie der bildenden Künste Kupferstichkabinett. These are contemporaneous, partly coloured photographic copies of Miklós Ybl’s drawings of the Palace of Customs
in Pest. The drawings are from the early planning stage of the Palace of Customs (mid-June to
mid-July 1870), on which the Budapest City Archives’ Ybl Bequest holds very little data. In addition
to their documentary value, these sheets are also important because of the precise information
they provide regarding the various modifications that took place during the planning, including
the exact chronology of these modifications. These documents also enable us to tie a perspec-
tive view previously known from reproductions to this series and thereby date it more precisely.
These three copies were made in Budapest and wound up in Vienna presumably because their au-
thor asked his Viennese colleague and great authority Theophil Hansen to give an expert opinion
on the plans. There are several examples of these kinds of professional connections in Ybl’s oeuvre
(see the plans for the Basilica in Budapest).
HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-CENTURY PERIODICALS
What was the role of the Hungarian architectural press in shaping the relationship between Hungarian architects and
their European colleagues? Could it transmit indispensable knowledge and information so that Hungarian architects
could follow the European discourse on architecture? To what extent did Hungarian circles of professionals
infl uence the image of contemporary Hungarian architecture presented in the European architectural press?
In my paper I intend to answer these questions based on the articles on European architecture published in
Építési Ipar and Magyar Mérnök- és Építész-Egylet Közlönye, and the articles on Hungarian architecture from
Allgemeine Bauzeitung and Wiener Bauindustriezeitung. In the fi rst part of my paper the issues raised above are
placed in broader contexts, such as contemporary concepts of home and abroad, the notion of local and foreign
territories. Thus I will give an overview of what people thought about their regional affi liations in Vienna and
Budapest. The second part of my study is a thematically structured presentation of the articles on the subjects.
My research has led me to the conclusion that by reading Hungarian architectural journals architects could gain
the necessary knowledge that made their participation in the European discourse possible. Hungarian architectural
journals served as a reliable source of information regarding the problems European architects faced and the new
achievements of architecture in Europe and beyond. However, personal interests and contacts seem to have played
a decisive role in the selection of Hungarian buildings presented or topics discussed in the Viennese press. The
international network of Hungarian architects opened channels that enabled the import of European knowledge to
Hungary and transmitted the image Hungarian architects wanted to show of their work.
The picture of Hungarian architecture refl ected in Viennese journals does not simply offer us an insight into the
contemporary view of the country, it is an important cross-section of the image Hungarian architects presented of
themselves abroad, as well.
together form an important episode in the discourse on national art and architecture, my paper investigates the conflicting ideals of nationalism and/or modernism, ideals that bear significance to architecture history, urbanism and the formation of national identity alike.
“THE AIR OF THE AGE OF OUR KINGS”
THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS OF THE MILLENNIAL EXHIBITION
AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING A NATIONAL IDENTITY
This study focuses on the buildings in the historical group of the 1896 Millennial Exhibition and their making, in the context of the development of national identity at the end of the 19th century. It questions the degree to which the design of those buildings mirrored the constantly changing ideal of national architecture. The exhibition ensemble, which can be seen as the closing chord of the historicist approach, provided a comprehensive picture of historical knowledge. However, the building
complex that utilised details from the most noteworthy buildings of historical Hungary did not become an example to be followed in the establishment of a national architecture. It seems that at the turn of the century, invention and inquiry gained more ground over copying old models. Nevertheless, the shifts in meaning that the Vajdahunyadvár at the city park went through adequately demonstrate the reevaluation of national past at the dawn of the 20th century.
paper is stored at the Akademie der bildenden Künste Kupferstichkabinett. These are contemporaneous, partly coloured photographic copies of Miklós Ybl’s drawings of the Palace of Customs
in Pest. The drawings are from the early planning stage of the Palace of Customs (mid-June to
mid-July 1870), on which the Budapest City Archives’ Ybl Bequest holds very little data. In addition
to their documentary value, these sheets are also important because of the precise information
they provide regarding the various modifications that took place during the planning, including
the exact chronology of these modifications. These documents also enable us to tie a perspec-
tive view previously known from reproductions to this series and thereby date it more precisely.
These three copies were made in Budapest and wound up in Vienna presumably because their au-
thor asked his Viennese colleague and great authority Theophil Hansen to give an expert opinion
on the plans. There are several examples of these kinds of professional connections in Ybl’s oeuvre
(see the plans for the Basilica in Budapest).
HUNGARY, EUROPEAN DISCOURSE ON ARCHITECTURE AND 19TH-CENTURY PERIODICALS
What was the role of the Hungarian architectural press in shaping the relationship between Hungarian architects and
their European colleagues? Could it transmit indispensable knowledge and information so that Hungarian architects
could follow the European discourse on architecture? To what extent did Hungarian circles of professionals
infl uence the image of contemporary Hungarian architecture presented in the European architectural press?
In my paper I intend to answer these questions based on the articles on European architecture published in
Építési Ipar and Magyar Mérnök- és Építész-Egylet Közlönye, and the articles on Hungarian architecture from
Allgemeine Bauzeitung and Wiener Bauindustriezeitung. In the fi rst part of my paper the issues raised above are
placed in broader contexts, such as contemporary concepts of home and abroad, the notion of local and foreign
territories. Thus I will give an overview of what people thought about their regional affi liations in Vienna and
Budapest. The second part of my study is a thematically structured presentation of the articles on the subjects.
My research has led me to the conclusion that by reading Hungarian architectural journals architects could gain
the necessary knowledge that made their participation in the European discourse possible. Hungarian architectural
journals served as a reliable source of information regarding the problems European architects faced and the new
achievements of architecture in Europe and beyond. However, personal interests and contacts seem to have played
a decisive role in the selection of Hungarian buildings presented or topics discussed in the Viennese press. The
international network of Hungarian architects opened channels that enabled the import of European knowledge to
Hungary and transmitted the image Hungarian architects wanted to show of their work.
The picture of Hungarian architecture refl ected in Viennese journals does not simply offer us an insight into the
contemporary view of the country, it is an important cross-section of the image Hungarian architects presented of
themselves abroad, as well.
Előadásomban a nemzeti identitás, a nemzeti jelleg megjelenítését egy speciális emlékanyag, az 1896-os Millenniumi Kiállítás történelmi épületeinek példáján kívánom vizsgálni. A nemzetépítés, nemzeti identitás formálása és az építészeti nacionalizmus elterjedése szempontjából különös jelentősége van az 1896-os Millenniumi kiállításnak. Előadásom első részében a kiállítás történelmi részével, az annak helyet adó épületekkel, azok létrehozásának ideájával, elrendezésével, illetve kis részben a kiállított műtárgyak körével foglalkozom. Azt kívánom közelebbről megvizsgálni, hogyan került a nemzeti akcentus a millenniumi kiállítás épületei megalkotásának történetébe. Előadásom második részében azt veszem szemügyre, milyen szerepe volt ennek a kiállításnak az építészeti nacionalizmus szemléletmódjának elterjedésében. A kiállítás példáján keresztül arra kívánok rámutatni, hogy a 19. század utolsó éveire hogyan jutott a nemzet önazonosságát megjelenítő építészet bizonyos értelemben zsákutcába, utalva egyúttal a historizáló építészet korlátaira a nemzeti identitás kifejezésében.
The appearance of architectural nationalism at the end of the 19 th century can be connected to an event of nationwide importance which had special significance in the process of nation building. This was an exhibition organized in 1896 in order to present Hungary's economic achievements, wealth, and historical past. My paper is going to analyze the role of this exhibition in the dissemination of architectural nationalism and its contribution to the fact that the ideas on national architecture had reached a dead end by the end of the 19 th century.
nation states also opened new perspectives for Central European States. Against this background the question of identity and its representation was a recurring problem.
In this paper I’m going to investigate the context and method of constructing and defining national or indigenous architecture in the period between the early 19th century and the World War I. The final goal of my project is to examine this process in the light of similar Central European endeavours to construct a national identity. However, today I am going to present you some details of my research focusing on the typically Hungarian examples.