Maria Panteleeva

Background The optimal nutritional status of the mother is one of the most influential non-genetic factors for the healthy development of the fetus. In recent years, more and more scientific evidence has been accumulating that her dietary habits and nutritional status determine the fetal development and the health of the offspring. Methods A cross - sectional study of pregnant women's dietary habits was conducted online. A questionnaire is attached, including questions about the diet, the frequency of consumption of certain food groups, application of alternative eating patterns and more. The analysis of the results is done with a software statistical package Jamovi ver. 2.3.0. Results The servey is conducted among 117 women with a mean age of 30.4 ± 4.88 years. The majority of them have changed their dietary habits after registering a pregnancy (72.6%). Among all respondents, 18.8% haven't got a fixed diet. 67% of the respondents eat 3 - 4 times a day, and 5.1% - less than ...

Abstract: The evolving pandemic caused by the emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has changed the healthcare systems activities into medical support provision. In each unit of medical care, regardless of outpatient or inpatient, restructuring and changes in the established organization and the approved standard operating procedures were required. The continuing increase in the number of people affected by the coronavirus among the population is a challenge for any medical professional. There are numerous studies and publications on the difficulties in providing emergency and urgent pre-hospital care. These are many times surpassed by publications examining the challenges to the diagnosis, treatment and recovery of those infected in hospital care facilities and the practices of general practitioners. In the recent months, more and more scientific papers and materials in the general information and social media have examined in details the stages of creation, production and distribution of a reliable vaccine against the causative agent of COVID-19. Analyzing the ever-increasing volume of medical and non-medical scientific and information materials on the various aspects and negative effects of the pandemic, the relatively small number of publications on the challenges and difficulties of pharmacists, undeservedly not mentioned among life-saving medical professionals, into the protection, preservation and restoration of the health of population in the conditions of a rapidly developing area of biological damage, has to be noted. The purpose of this publication is to analyze some of the challenges faced by pharmacists and assistant pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The dangers and risk factors to which the medical specialists working in the pharmacy network are exposed in case of a developing area of biological damage are analyzed and presented through descriptive and comparative analyzes. Results and discussion: The analysis of the peculiarities of the working environment of pharmacists and the changes that occur in it due to increased contact with clients who have suspected symptoms of coronavirus infection or have been in contact with infected with SARS-CoV-2 are divided in several groups depending on their negative impact, as well as depending on the activities that require to be undertaken to modify and mitigate the severity of the consequences. Conclusions: Based on the results of the analyzes, the pronounced negative impact of the developing focus of biological damage on the mental and physical health of pharmacists was proved. Basic recommendations for reducing the level of risk for those working in the pharmacy network in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have been made.

The Northern-Eastern region of Bulgaria is one of the most developed industrial regions of the country. There are numerous chemical plants and industrial installations related to the chemical production. In order to maintain the industry, a lot of warehouses for storage of diverse chemical substances and compounds are also established. Another source for chemical hazard is the biggest Bulgarian port, where thousands of tons of chemicals are continuously loaded or downloaded. The transportation of the chemicals is also a risk factor for chemical incident occurrence. Records are proving that the risk related to the present chemical hazards has not to be neglected, as several chemical major incidents have challenged the regional relief agencies. One of the lessons identified is describing the requirement for faster identification of all those from the population that have been affected by the chemicals in low doses - those into the zones of damaging concentration of the chemical area of damage. All chemical injured casualties that were close to the chemical spill or within the zone of lethal concentration develop rapidly the symptoms of the intoxication and are easily diagnosed and medically attended. The challenge is how to find and direct the casualties with minor symptoms. Majority of these casualties are not considering their complains as serious, therefore are not contacting their general practitioners, but instead are addressing the closest pharmacists for advice and prescription of some drugs for the light symptoms. Based on this records the conclusion of the significant role of pharmacists into chemical incident management has been noted.
The objective of this study is to analyze the preparedness and readiness of the pharmacists in Varna region to medically support affected population in case of chemical major incident or disaster.
Materials and Methods: a sociological survey of a specific group of healthcare professionals (pharmacists), was conducted, using the direct individual survey method with a standard questionnaire with 38 questions. Method of survey - applied to determine the knowledge of two groups of healthcare professionals – master-degree pharmacists and college degree assistant pharmacists, on the risk of chemical accidents of natural and anthropogenic nature, the properties of some widespread industrial toxic substances, the availability of antidotes and the proper first aid that may be given in case of poisoning with them. The principle of anonymity of the respondents is complied with. A stochastic (or random) selection method was used in which all units of the general aggregation have an equal chance to fall into the sample of the study.
The means of the descriptive and comparative method along with the deductive analysis were applied.
Results and discussion: 221 people were interviewed, 115 of which were master-degree pharmacists, working with pharmacies (52%) and 106 - students - college degree assistant pharmacists, trained in Disaster Medicine during their education at the Medical University of Varna (48%). The distribution of all respondents by gender is as follows: a total of 40 men (18.1%) and 181 women (81.9%) corresponding to those engaged in the profession. A statistically meaning differences were found into the preparedness of the two main groups of respondents. Overall analysis present relatively low level of readiness of the pharmacist to actively participate into the major chemical incident or chemical disaster medical support to the affected population.
Conclusion: The results of the thoroughly performed analyses undoubtedly present the requirement for amelioration of the pharmacists education and training into university and college based undergraduation courses.

Background Contemporary word development is highly dependent on chemical industry. Great variety of chemical elements and compounds are present into the industrial processes - as a sources, medium and final products. Large amount of the chemicals that are into circulation throughout industrial processes or are transported and stored into warehouses or damps are with proven toxicity for humans. Therefore, in certain circumstances, uncontrolled or undesired release into environment, they could create life-threatening area of chemical damage. The risk of chemical exposure of population is increasing with the presence of chemical industrial sites in vicinity of the cities. City of Varna is an example of a city almost under constant siege by several large chemical plants.
In case of incidents caused by toxic materials release into environment, always there is high risk level of air pollution and extremely rapid spread of the chemical hazard. The first minutes' activities in such incidents are of utmost importance for life saving and health preserving. Very few of the citizens are keeping at their homes/offices stock of medicines for coping with the possible chemical intoxication. It is expected that in chemical incident threat, alert or incident, the pharmacies will become overcrowded, therefore their operability has to be assessed as a preventive and life-saving asset in case of chemical incidents or disasters.
The aim of our study is to analyze the pharmacists' preparedness to safeguard their own life and the lives of their colleagues in case of chemical incidents, thus participating actively into relief and recovery operations for the affected population.
Material and Methods A comprehensive survey among the pharmacists, both with master and professional bachelor degrees, was conducted in Varna region. 221 participated into the survey - 115 working pharmacists with master degree and 106 students attending the 3-year pharmacist assistant course in Medical University Varna. A multiply choice questions regarding their self-assessment of knowledge and skills possessed for protecting activities required in case of chemical incidents have been asked. By the means of descriptive and comparative methods the given answers were thoroughly analyzed.
Results and discussion Results of the performed analyses undoubtedly highlight the extremely low level of pharmacists in Varna region knowledge, skills and self-confidence related to required activities in case of chemical incidents. Great majority of the respondents are declaring their willingness to increase their capabilities for protection and healthy behavior in case of chemical incident. The most preferable by the participants into the survey are also analyzed and presented.

РЕЗЮМЕ Проведено е анкетно проучване сред студенти 2-ри курс специалност "Медицина" в МУ-Ва-рна. Анкетирани са 118 души българоезично обучение и 108-англоезично, относно знанията им за бедствени ситуации, каква предварителна информация имат за справяне с тях и от как-ви източници, както и за желанията им да разширят допълнително познанията си. Използ-ван е методът на пряка индивидуална анкета с анкетна карта, включваща 26 въпроса. От тях 20 са затворени, а 6-отворени. Изводите показват, че според повечето участници от двете групи в анкетата те са имали само частични и непълни знания за справяне с бедствия преди обучението по МБС в МУ-Варна. След обобщаване на отговорите им може да заключим, че анкетираните студенти в по-голямата си част считат, че са получили достатъчна подготовка за справяне в реална ситуация. И двете групи респонденти смятат, че на практика ще се справят най-добре с оказване на ПМП при травматизъм. Посочват, че този раздел от материала им е най-интересен...

РЕЗЮМЕ Токсичните промишлени замърсявания на морската вода крият риск за живота и здра-вето, особено на местното население от край-брежните зони. Натрупването по хранителна-та верига на токсични химикали може сериозно да увреди здравето не само на хората в района, но и на техните поколения. Болестта Минама-та е типичен пример на вреда, причинена от за-мърсяване на околната среда. Литература относно случаи на промишле-ни замърсявания на морски води и последващи-те здравни проблеми, е събрана и анализирана. Данни от монографии, статии в наши и чуждес-транни научни списания и други източници от-носно метилживачното замърсяване, открито в залива Минамата, префектура Кумамото, Япо-ния, са изследвани и обобщени. Болестта Минамата представлява метил-живачно отравяне с проява на неврологични симптоми поради ежедневна консумация на риба, морски дарове и водорасли, добивани от силно за-мърсен с токсични химикали район в Япония. Наблюдавани са два взрива на болестта. Направени са изводи, че ме...

Natural and anthropogenic disasters become more frequent worldwide. As technology advances, the risk of major industrial accidents increases. Often accidents in the chemical and oil industry, in agriculture, or during transportation, lead to mass poisoning and extensive environmental pollution. The particularities of the medical support in case of such chemical incidents are challenging the healthcare system. The article aims to analyze the chemical accidents and the measures taken to reduce their effect in Bulgaria and in the Black sea aquatory. Historical and documentary methods have been used to gather information on disasters and accidents in Bulgaria, where toxic chemicals have been released into the environment, causing material damage and human casualties. We have researched and analyzed various articles and publications in Bulgarian and foreign scientific journals on the subject. Major industrial and transport accidents in the last 50-60 years on land and water had been sele...

Th conference is organised with the fiancial support of European Social Fund within the Project BG051PO001-3.1.07-0046 “Updating and approbation of the curricula of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna according to the needs of the pharmaceutical business and the requirements of the labor market”

Osteoporosis is a global health problem with increasing importance. It is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of the micro architectonics of bone tissue. Although genetic factors largely determine the bone size and density, factors such as healthy eating, good physical activity and avoiding alcohol and smoking also play a key role. At all ages, healthy eating is an important factor in bone health. Aim: To study the eating habits that are important for bone health in women from Varna. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the eating habits of 139 women in Varna was conducted between January 2018 and March 2019. Questions, giving information on diet, frequency of consumption of certain food groups and beverages, affecting bone density, physical activity, demographic indicators are included in the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of the data is done with SPSS version 19. Results: The average age of the participants was 29.86 ± 13.60 year...