Prof. Dr.Shafi Muhammad Kori

Climate change impact is felt at a global scale. One of its results is the abnormal rain occurrence during monsoon season. In recent years, visible changes due to unusual weather events in Pakistan’s hydrological cycle were observed in the form of intensification of the hydrological cycle with changing of precipitation events such as floods and prolonged droughts. Hence, abnormal rainfall occurred in regions of southern and northern parts of Sindh, like torrential river floods (2010), flash floods (2011-2012), unpredictable rainstorms, etc. causing loss of lives, damaging infrastructures and crops, structures, and inhabitant displacement. In 2011, heavy cumulative precipitation has been recorded in the southern Sindh districts and the coastal belt of Badin and the LBOD and Kotri surface drainage system achieved their extreme heights. Another example of erratic rain occurred from September 8 to September 13, 2011 and produced an extraordinary discharge of about 14000 cusecs against t...

In general Pakistan is an agricultural country, most of its area including lower Indus basin (LIB) lies in arid and semi-arid zones, where irrigation by canal water and groundwater is only option. Due to continuous seepage from canal irrigation network and infiltration from irrigated lands; without adequate provision of natural and artificial drainage and its appropriate outlet, water-logging and soil salinity problems were developed. To combat these problems and to supplement canal water irrigation, 357 scavenger tubewells were installed in two districts (Nawabshah and Sanghar) of Sindh, Pakistan, under Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) stage-1 project with the cost of US$ 12.75 funded by World Bank. In this paper, already calibrated groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) was linked with solute transport model (MT3D), and several simulation runs were performed using range of solute transport parameter of this region till the MT3D model was calibrated successfully for two sampled sites locat...

The hydraulic conductivity of the soil is function of soil water pressure, soil water content, and the soil moisture retention. The soil hydraulic properties are needed for understanding water balance, irrigation and transport processes. Hence, saturated hydraulic properties of surface soils influence rainfall and snowmelt into runoff and soil water storage. The hydraulic conductivity for soil material provides the ability to properly design water control structures, earthen storage water facilities and runoff forecasting. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement was made on different soil material, having length of soil columns 8.5 cm for constant head permeameter. Three soil columns were filled having different percentages of soil texture; and textural classified of soil sample is sandy loam soil. Porosity is determined by the saturation method for soil sample materials; the porosity is varying from 32 to 40% for sandy loam and about 43% for clay soils. The saturated hydraulic...

The energy and food security are crisis at global level. Various sources for generating energy are under exploitation but except of renewable energy are almost costly. Hence, proper exploration and exploitation renewable energy is cheaper in comparison of fossil fuels source. In this connection, wind energy source mostly is available in the southern region of Sindh province of Pakistan. Renewable energy and agricultural farming are a winning combination. Wind, solar, and biomass energy can be harvested forever, providing farmers with a long-term source of income. The net farm returns can significantly be enhanced if available stronger winds are effectively utilized as an alternative energy resource. The project has successfully been introduced by locally manufactured windmill driven pumping units. The wind speed probability analysis based upon limited data availability indicated that during almost 92% of operational time, a wind speed of 2.5 m/s (9 km/hr) or more was available in pr...

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different irrigation methods including ridge planting (T1), planting under furrow irrigation (T2) and line planting under basin irrigation (T3) on soil physical properties, water use efficiency, plant growth parameters and yield of maize crop. The water requirement for maize crop was determined using CROPWAT (8.0) Model. Statistical analysis showed that the average values of the dry bulk density, soil porosity, plant height, crop yield and water use efficiency were significant (P 0.05) under all treatments. The results showed that the total volume of water applied to crop under T1 was lower (3632), compared to T2 (3936) and T3 (5904). Average plant height, number of leaves per plant and number of cobs per plant were higher under T1 compared to T2 and T3. However, the stem girth of plant was higher under T3, followed by T1 and T2. T1 produced more 1000-grains weight and yield of crop, followed by T2 and T3. Similarly, t...

Flow over a drop structure is a form of free overfall called hydraulic drop. Hydraulic drop changes the nature of flow abruptly from sub-critical to super-critical condition. Rapidly varied flow analysis is a complex phenomenon and involves remarkable characteristics. Some of the drop structures constructed in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan had gone through diverse failures, consequential in interruption of water supply to irrigation fields encountering substantial economic loss. In the present study experiments were carried out in the hydraulic laboratory of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology on round edged drop structure fitted in a horizontal rectangular flume (channel model). Data regarding hydraulic drop and hydraulic jump characteristics were collected during the experiment. The observed data included: flow discharge (Q), radius of rounded edge drop structure (r), height of the structure (h), hydraulic drop length (Ld), hydraulic jump length (Lj), depth of...