Swarnima Tiwari

Stress and stress-related illness are becoming increasingly large disorder among nurses. The exposure to long-term stress has a severe problem on the nurse's well-being, quality of care, patient safety, as well as for organizations in terms of absenteeism and turnover. The West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya is anguished from a severe shortage of manpower coupled with poor infrastructure and lack of technology. The problem was exacerbated by the region’s remoteness and a difficult regulatory climate that discourages private sector participation in the sector. All these circumstances make the situation a stressful situation for healthcare professionals practicing in the district. Under this backdrop, the present study intends to investigate the level of job stress and burnout among nurses in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya. The study was done on the nurses 84 nurses employed in government in the district. The data was collected using job stress scale by Shukla & Srivastava (2016) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) by Demerouti, Bakker, Vardakou, & Kantas, 2003. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, multiple regressions. The study concluded that there exists a significant and positive correlation among the dimensions of Occupational stress and burnout and occupational stress is a strong predictor of burnout. Occupational stress and burnout are also prevalent among nurses working in government hospitals in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Keywords: Occupational stress, Burnout, Nurses, Meghalaya

Stress and stress-related illness are becoming increasingly large disorder among nurses. The exposure to long-term stress has a severe problem on the nurse's well-being, quality of care, patient safety, as well as for organizations in terms of absenteeism and turnover. The West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya is anguished from a severe shortage of manpower coupled with poor infrastructure and lack of technology. The problem was exacerbated by the region’s remoteness and a difficult regulatory climate that discourages private sector participation in the sector. All these circumstances make the situation a stressful situation for healthcare professionals practicing in the district. Under this backdrop, the present study intends to investigate the level of job stress and burnout among nurses in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya. The study was done on the nurses 84 nurses employed in government in the district. The data was collected using job stress scale by Shukla & Srivastava (2016) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) by Demerouti, Bakker, Vardakou, & Kantas, 2003. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, multiple regressions. The study concluded that there exists a significant and positive correlation among the dimensions of Occupational stress and burnout and occupational stress is a strong predictor of burnout. Occupational stress and burnout are also prevalent among nurses working in government hospitals in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Keywords: Occupational stress, Burnout, Nurses, Meghalaya

Microfinance is a type of banking service that is provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who would otherwise have no other means of gaining financial services. Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty,empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. In this paper the role played by Microfinance in women’s empowerment are considered into three dimensions namely psychological,social and economical. The objectives of the study is i) to understand the performance of SHG’s inPondicherry region, ii) to analyze the freedom women members get in SHG’s, iii) to study the problems women members face in SHG’s, iv) to analyze the empowerment of the women psychologically, economically and socially and v) to offer sug...

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and burnout in health care professionals. More specifically, this survey has the purpose of demonstrating the role of EI as a protective factor against the risk of burnout. Health professionals (doctors, nurses, and other caregivers) composed the sample. Health care professionals were invited to complete the following tests: Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (Schutte et al., 1998; it. ad. Craparo, et al.[35]); Link Burnout Questionnaire,LBQ; Other variables, such as gender, lenght of service (years of professional experience) and organizational department. Major results of this survey underline the relationship between EI and burnout. More specifically, there is a negative and significant correlation between burnout and Emotional Intelligence. Moreover, burnout varies depending on length of service: burnout increases between 5 and 10 years of experience and decreases over 10 years. Ind...

The West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya is a landlocked hilly and mountainous area, where entrepreneurship is considered as one of the best livelihood and survival option for the majority of the population. Though many researchers cutting across disciplines have tried to examine the factors influencing the success and behaviour of the entrepreneurs in the district, in the state and in entire northeast India, none of them tried to explore the emotional intelligence aspect of these entrepreneurs. Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been accepted as a very important human trait and researchers have proved that individuals with greater emotional intelligence are better able to appraise, manage and regulate their and others' emotions. Such abilities let these individuals to judge if the emotions are linked to opportunities and thus use these emotions in the process of decision making that enhances higher performance. There are substantial pieces of evidence on the effects of emotional intelligence on leadership, stress, conflict, effectiveness, and performance but its effect on entrepreneurship is very rarely studied. Under this backdrop, this study sought to investigate the role of emotional intelligence on the entrepreneurial behaviour of a sample of fifty selected entrepreneurs of West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya. The findings of this study will help in designing suitable and holistic training and entrepreneurship development programs.

Stress and stress-related illness are becoming increasingly large disorder among nurses. The exposure to long-term stress has a severe problem on the nurse's well-being, quality of care, patient safety, as well as for organizations in terms of absenteeism and turnover. The West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya is anguished from a severe shortage of manpower coupled with poor infrastructure and lack of technology. The problem was exacerbated by the region’s remoteness and a difficult regulatory climate that discourages private sector participation in the sector. All these circumstances make the situation a stressful situation for healthcare professionals practicing in the district. Under this backdrop, the present study intends to investigate the level of job stress and burnout among nurses in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya. The study was done on the nurses 84 nurses employed in government in the district. The data was collected using job stress scale by Shukla & Srivastava (2016) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) by Demerouti, Bakker, Vardakou, & Kantas, 2003. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, multiple regressions. The study concluded that there exists a significant and positive correlation among the dimensions of Occupational stress and burnout and occupational stress is a strong predictor of burnout. Occupational stress and burnout are also prevalent among nurses working in government hospitals in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya.
Keywords: Occupational stress, Burnout, Nurses, Meghalaya

Microfinance is a type of banking service that is provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who would otherwise have no other means of gaining financial services. Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. The objectives of the study is i) to understand the performance of SHG’s in West Garo Hills region, ii) to study the problems women members face in SHG’s, iii) To offer suggestions for the betterment of women’s empowerment in SHG. The study is undertaken in rural areas of West Garo Hills region. Both primary and secondary data’s are used. Primary data is enumerated from a field survey in the study region. Secondary data is collected from NGOs’ reports and other documents. Results showed that there is a gradual increase in all the three factors among rural women’s. From the interaction among the respondents it is noticed that some members are expecting the NGO to come up with more training sessions in income generating activities. All they need is a way to develop their skills and talents by participating in various training programs. There is a definite improvement in psychological well being and social empowerment among rural women as a result of participating in micro finance through SHG program.
Keywords: Microfinance, women’s empowerment, Non Governmental Organization, Self Help groups.

Micro, medium and small scale enterprises (MSME) sector, has crucial role and place in the Indian economy in terms of employment generation, exports and economic empowerment of a vast section of the population. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at relatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, dropping regional imbalances, assuring more rational distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes a great deal to the socioeconomic development of the country As per available statistics (4th Census of MSME Sector), this sector employs an estimated 59.7 million persons spread over 26.1 million enterprises. It is estimated that in terms of value, MSME sector accounts for about 45% of the manufacturing output and around 40% of the total export of the country which is next only to the agricultural sector.
This study aims to provide an assessment of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise sector (MSME) finance in India. The chapters in the study highlight the key characteristics of the MSME sector, and assess the demand for, and the flow of finance into the sector. The study also evaluates the consequent gap in the financing needs of MSMEs

The West Garo hills district of Meghalaya is suffering from a severe shortage of man power coupled with poor infrastructure and lack of technology. The problem was exacerbated by the region's remoteness and a difficult regulatory climate that discourages private sector participation in the sector. All these circumstances make the situation a stressful situation for healthcare professionals practising in the district. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent and the factors influencing occupational stress among the healthcare personnel's in the West Garo hills district of Meghalaya and also to highlight the scope for digitalization in the healthcare sector in the district. The study included 97 doctors and 189 nurses employed in both government and private hospitals, community health centres in the district. The occupational stress of the healthcare professionals was measured using "Occupational Stress Index (OSI)" and "Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)". Data was analysed using multiple regression and ANOVA. The study concluded that nurses are a heavily burdened occupational group and the total OSI does not significantly vary among male and female healthcare professionals. Three aspects: under load, strictness and conflict were dominant in showing higher exposures among the healthcare professionals. The most consistent and significant stressors were long working hours, lack of autonomous workplace, and lack of proper technology.

Microfinance has developed as dignified substitute for informal credit and acts as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. Microfinance offers loans, deposit and insurance to poorest strata of society and low income households. Microfinance institutions and self help groups had contributed significantly towards the improvement of income level of poor people and their standard of living. There are different models of microfinance to serve the poor people like Grameen Bank model, Self Help Group bank linkage programme model, Microfinance Institution model, Bank correspondent model, and Bank partnership model. At present, self help group Bank Linkage programme model and the Micro Finance Institution model for delivery of Microfinance in India is working on large scale as compare to other models. Self help group Bank Linkage programme model is recognized as largest Micro finance programme all over the world in term of coverage. This paper attempts to focus on status of Micro Credit through SHGs in Meghalaya.

Problems and Prospects of Border Trade between North East India and Bangladesh

Swarnima Tiwari& Suneeta Dutta
Research Scholar
Department of Management
NEHU, Tura Campus

Abstract: Though trade between India and Bangladesh forms only a small part of the total trade, enhancing bilateral trade is of high importance to both countries. For India, increase in trade with Bangladesh would help to address many concerns of economic isolation of its backward north eastern states and generate new market opportunities for small-scale producers from the impoverished hinterlands of eastern states. For Bangladesh, wider areas of cooperation, investment and allied development opportunities will be thrown open with greater trade openness with India. Moreover, both India and Bangladesh has long-standing commitments toward regional economic cooperation in South Asia, of which their bilateral trade is a significant part. Bilateral economic relation between India and Bangladesh has grown since the latter got independence in 1971, albeit at a slow pace. Ups and downs in the political relations between the two countries have had a strong bearing on development of their economic ties. In recent years, both countries have registered good growth rates and have made significant progress in social development. Bilateral trade has also grown, as a result of open economic policy outlook of both countries. Among South East Asian countries, Bangladesh is the largest trading partner of India, with total bilateral trade crossing US$ 5.5 billion in the year 20122. The two-way trade flow between them was US$ 1.08 billion in year 2002. This puts the annual average growth in trade at about 4.7 percent. The present paper tries to highlight the problems and prospects of border trade for North-East India and Bangladesh as a part of India’s look east policy.
Key words: India’s look East Policy, Bilateral trade, South-East Asia, look-East Policy

Micro, medium, and small scale enterprises (MSME) sector, has crucial the Indian role and place in the economy in terms of employment generation, exports, and economic empowerment of avast section of the population. MSMEs not only play a crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at relatively lower capital costs than large industries but also help in the industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, dropping regional imbalances, assuring a more rational distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes a great deal to the socio-economic development of the country As per available statistics (4th Census of MSME Sector), this sector employs an estimated 59.7 million persons spread over 26.1 million enterprises. It is estimated that in terms of value, the MSME sector accounts for about 45% of the manufacturing output and around 40% of the total export of the country which is next only to the agricultural sector.
This study aims to provide an assessment of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise sector (MSME) finance in India. The chapters in the study highlight the key characteristics of the MSME sector and assess the demand for, and the flow of finance into the sector. The study also evaluates the consequent gap in the financing needs of MSMEs

Stress experience has a significant negative impact on a healthcare professional and his/her service delivery. Occupational stress has been a long-standing concern of the health care industry and is increasingly becoming a significant societal phenomenon in the current scenario. This is partly because medical service involves taking care of
other peoples ' lives therefore mistakes or errors could be costly and sometimes irreversible. It is thus expected that the medical doctors, nurses, and other medical staff must be in a perfect state of mind devoid of morbid worries and anxieties. Health care workers have higher rates of substance abuse and suicide than other professions and elevated rates of depression and anxiety linked to job stress. In addition to psychological distress, other outcomes of job stress include burnout, absenteeism, employee intent to leave, reduced patient satisfaction, and diagnosis and treatment errors. It calls for immediate interventions to address its surge and to promote mental wellness. being of nurses, doctors, and other healthcare workers, and understanding the factors
leading to occupational stress among health care professionals. The purpose of this study is to make a critical review of the existing literature and identify the sources of occupational stress, identify the adverse health effects of occupational stress, and recommend work practices to reduce occupational stress.