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Malaria

Gotšwa go Wikipedia
Malaria
MalariaKe Plasmotiamo go tšwa mareng a monang wa tshadi moving across a mosquito cell.
MalariaKe Plasmotiamo go tšwa mareng a monang wa tshadi moving across a mosquito cell.
Ke Plasmotiamo go tšwa mareng a monang wa tshadi moving across a mosquito cell.
Tlhopho le didirišwa tša ka ntle
ICD/CIM-10B50-B54 B50-B54
ICD/CIM-9084 084
OMIM248310
DiseasesDB7728
MedlinePlus000621

Malaria ke bolwetši bja go tšwa go monang bja go fetela batho le diphoofolo tše dingwe tše di hlotšwego ke dipharasaete tša diprotozoan (mohuta wa sele e tee maekrookanisime) ya mohuta wa Plasmotiamo.[1] Malaria a baka dišupo tše di akaretšago letadi, malaise, go tlhatša le go opa ke hlogo. Mabakeng a kgatelelo e šoro e ka baka letlalo le serolana, dikotwane, go idibala goba lehu.[2] Dišupo tše gantši di thoma go bonagala ka morago ga matšatši a lesome goba lesome hlano morago ga go longwa. Go batho bao ba sa hwetšago kalafo e botse bolwetši bo ka boya gape ka morago ga dikgwedi tše mmalwa.[1] Go batho bao ba sa tšwelago go fola phetelo, phetelo gape gantši e laetša dišupo tše nnyane. Karolwana ye ya tšhonto e timelela ka morago ga dikgwedi ge eba ga go sa na phihlelelo ya malaria.[2]

Ka tlwaelo, bolwetši bo fetetšwa ka go loma ga monang wa tshadi wo o fetetšwego wa Anopheles.Go longwa go go tšweletša dipharasaete tša go tšwa mareng a monang ka gare ga madi.[1] Dipharasaete tše di sepelela sebeteng moo di golago le go tswala gape gona. Mehuta ye mehlano ya Diplasmotiamo di ka fetetša le go phatlalatšwa ke batho.[2] Mahu a mantši a bakwa ke P. falsiparamo le P. vivax, P. ovale, le P. malariae ka kakaretšo di baka mohuta o bonolo wa malaria.[1][2] Mehuta ya P. knowlesi ga e bake malwetši gantši bathong.[1] Malaria e hlahlobiwa ka go dira diteko tša maekroskoupu ya madi ka go diriša difilimi tša madi, goba ka diantitšene-tše di theilwego diteko tša mogololelo.[2] Mekgwa yeo e dirišago phetogelo ya ketane ya polymerase go lekola dipharasaete DNA di tšweleditšwe, eupša ga di dirišwe ka bophara mafelong ao malaria a go tšwelela gona ka lebaka la theko le tharagano.[3]

Kotsi ya bolwetši e ka fokotšwa ka go thibela go longwa ke menang ka go diriša nete ya menangle sekoba dikhunkhwane, goba magato a go laola menang bjalo ka go fothela dopolayakhukhu le go pšheša meetse a emegego a sa elego.[2] Dikalafi tše mmalwa di a hwetšagala go sethibela malaria go basepedi mafelong ao bolwetši bo tlwaelegilego gona.Tose ya sewelo ya kalafi ya sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine e a eletšwa go masea le ka morago ga dikgwedi tše tharo tša mathomo tša boimana mafelong ao go nago le palo ya godimo ya malaria. Malebana le tlhokego, ga go kgontšhago ya kenti (vaccine) ye e lego gona, le gee le gore maiteko a go e tšweletša a dirilwe.[1] Kalafi yeo e eletšwago ya kalafo ya malaria ke tswakanyo ya dikalafi tša kgatlhanong le malaria tše di akaretšago artemisinin.[1][2] Kalafi ya bobedi e ka ba mefloquine, lumefantrine, goba sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.[4] Quinine mmogo le doxycycline di ka dirišwa ge eba artemisinin ga e hwetšagale.[4] Go a eletšwa gore mafelong ao malaria a tlwaelegilego, go swanetše gore malaria a tiišetšwe pele kalafi e ka thongwe ka lebaka la pelaelo ya palo e kgolo ya kgano ya ditagi tša kalafi. Kgano e tšweletše go dikalafi tše mmalwa tša kgatlhano le malaria; mohlala, kgano ya chloroquine- P. falsiparamo e phatlaletše go mafelo a mantši a malaria, gape kgano ya artemisinin ke bothata dikarolong tše dingwe tša Borwa-bohlabela bja Asia.[1]

Bolwetši bo phatlaletše ka bophara dileteng tša molatšatši le dilete tša magareng tša melatšatši tše di bapanego ka bophara le ekhweitha.[2] Go akaretšwa kudu Sub-Saharan Afrika, Asia, le Latin Amerika. Mokgatlo wa tša Maphelo wa Lefase o akanyetša gore ka 2012, go be go na le makga a malaria a palo ya dimilione tše 207. Ngwageng woo, bolwetši bo lekanyeditšwe gore bo bolaile batho ba palo ya magareng ga 473,000 le 789,000, bontši bja bona e be e le bana mo Afrika.[1] Malaria gantši e nyalwantšhwa le bohloki gomme a na khuetšo empe ya tšwetšopele ya ekonomi.[5][6] Mo Afrika go akanyeditšwe go lahlegelwa ke dibilione tše $12 tša di-USD ka ngwaga ka lebaka la theko ya godimo ya tlhokomelo ya tša maphelo, go lahlegelwa ke bokgoni bja go šoma le tiragatšo ya boeti.[7]

Ditšhupetšo

[lokiša | edit source]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Malaria Fact sheet N°94". WHO. March 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Caraballo, Hector (May 2014). "Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus". Emergency Medicine Practice. 16 (5).
  3. Nadjm B, Behrens RH (2012). "Malaria: An update for physicians". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 26 (2): 243–59. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010. PMID 22632637.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Organization, World Health (2010). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (2nd ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. p. ix. ISBN 9789241547925. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  5. Gollin D, Zimmermann C (August 2007). Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences (PDF) (Report). Institute for the Study of Labor.
  6. Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K (2005). "Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature". Tropical Health and Medicine. 10 (10): 1047–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x. PMID 16185240.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) open access publication - free to read
  7. Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA (2005). "Malaria". Lancet. 365 (9469): 1487–98. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3. PMID 15850634.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)