Chééwokii Dineʼé

Chééwokii Dineʼé (Chééwokii Dineʼé bizaadjí éí Tsalagi (ᏣᎳᎩ); éí doodaiiʼ éí, Aniyąwiyaʼį (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯᎢ) wolyéego yééʼadaʼdoojiʼ). Chééwokii Dineʼé éí bitsįʼ yishtłizhii átʼé. Tʼáá doo bilagáana nidaʼhanééhdaʼ yę́ędą́ą́ʼ éí Chééwokii Dineʼé Georgia hoolyéeji, Carolina hoolyéeji, áádóó haʼaʼaahjigo Tennessee hoolyéeji kéédahatʼį́ nitʼę́ę́h. Áádóó Chééwokii Dineʼé bizaad éí Iroquoian bizaadjí ataah yiisdzo. Naaná tʼáá Chééwokii kʼéhji nitʼąąʼ nahané, yaʼdahalnéʼígíí éí "ashdlaʼgo tó daʼsiyę́ę́ʼ"dę́ę́ʼgo nidaʼhazná daʼnį́į́hgo baʼdahané áádóó aadi éí bílaʼashdlaʼí Iroquoianji yaʼdałtí^[1].

1801 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ éí bilagáana, Chééwokii adéíłní "Five Civilized Tribes". Biniináʼígíí éí Chééwokii Dineʼé bilagáana binaalyéʼí dóó bilagáana kéíhgo nitsá hakʼéésígíí bitáá niłnį́į́hgo áádóó chódaʼwoołį́ʼígíí biniiná akwii tʼéigo daʼbidoozhí. 2000 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ bílaʼashdlaʼí daltá yę́ędą́ą́ʼ éí Chééwokii Dineʼé 300,000 anééhlą́goʼ wooltá, díí éí nitságo bitsį́ yishtłizhii daʼyiikáá Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí bikáaʼgi^[2].

Wááshindoondę́ę́ʼ éí táaʼgo Chééwokii biWááshindoon yííłchʼį́ daʼnidin bį́į́h (bilagáana bizaadjí éí federally recognized wolyéego yoozhí). Díí Chééwokii táaʼgo daʼshijááʼígíí éí Cherokee Nation Halgai Hóteel Hahoodzojiʼígíí (éí 35°54′46″ NHK dóó 94°58′17″ EʼE-gi), Chééwokii Kentucky hoolyéedi áádóó Chééwokii North Carolina hoolyéedi kéédahatʼínígíí (éí 35°31′49″ NHK dóó 83°16′31″ EʼE-gi).

Nitʼąąʼ nahané

Íldééhdę́ę́ baʼhané

Naakigo hané silá, łaʼ éí Chééwokii adaʼnį́: díí éí Ashdlago Tó Daʼhidéíyį́ʼ dę́ę́go iidlééh, áádóó aadi bílaʼashdlaʼí/bitsįʼ yishtłizhii kédaʼhatʼį́ʼígíí Iroquoian bizaadjí yéí yadałtí bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ ooldaʼ daʼnį́į́hgo baʼdahané. Naaná ndaʼałkaahí nitʼąąʼ ninadaʼałkááhgo ałdóʼ Ashdlago Tó Daʼhidéíyį́ʼ dę́ę́go iildéí daʼnį́į́hgo baʼdahané; díí éí Chééwokii Sáanii dóó hastóí naasdazlį́į́hígíí nidéídiłkidgo akwii tʼéigo naaltsoos bikáaʼgi bikʼéʼashchį́go aalyá^[1]. Áádóó łaʼ éí łahgo átʼégo naʼhané; díí éí Chééwokii Dineʼé doo hádę́ę́hgo yiikáídaʼ, tʼaa kwiidoo hósiidlį́į́hdaʼ nį́į́h daʼnį́į́hgo baʼdahané.

Łaʼ ndaʼałkaahí adaʼnį́į́hgo Cherokee dineʼé 1201–1300 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ iindaʼ dził Ábaʼléícháájiʼ chʼí daʼhazná. Nahókʼǫsdę́ę́ʼgo nidaʼhanę́ę́hgo kéyah Moiskogii tóoh (Muscogee Creek) hólyéíjiʼ nidaʼhazná. Akwéíʼiʼ dah yiskʼid naazniiligii bitáági nidaʼiizná (díí dah yiskʼid naaznilígíí éí kįtsiilí daʼnilį́į́hgo naaznííl; bílaʼashdlaʼí adaʼyiilá bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Moiskogii dinéʼiʼ bizási adaʼyiilá^[3]. Díí kįtsiil naaznilígíí éí bitsįʼ yishtłizhii adaʼyiilá, Mísísípiian culture (Mississippian culture) wolyéego beeʼwoozhí.

Díí kįtsiil naaznilígíí tʼoh áłtsé hadéílį́į́h yę́ędą́ą́ʼ ndaʼałkaahíʼ adaʼnį́į́hgo, díí Chééwokii Dineʼé bizási adaʼyiilá daʼnį́į́hgo naaltsoos beeʼnidaʼnéízdéí. Áádóó 1901 biyihah doo kwiishdę́ę́ díí kįtsiil naaznilígíí nidaalkáágo bitsą́ą́doo beeʼdéítʼą́, díí éí Moiskogii dineʼé bizási adaʼyiilá hadoonį́į́hdiʼ.

1500 biyihah

1540 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ Naakáí łíbáʼiʼ Hastiin Hernando de Soto Chééwokii bikéyahgo táʼdii ʼeezh. Íidą́ą́ akwiigo shį́į́h Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii bikin naazniilgo yitaayáʼ, áádóó díí kin daʼnaazhjááʼiʼgiʼ éí Coosa daalyéʼgo bidaʼhoolnį́į́h (Mísísípiian culture). Chééwokii Dineʼé éí 1700’s biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ iindaʼ nidaʼhazné^[4]. Naakáí łíbáʼiʼ naaltsoos bikáaʼgi akʼeʼ eshchį́įgo éí anį́į́h; Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Chalaque daalyéʼígíí éí Tooh Keowee wolyéígíí yiitsį́į́hgo kéʼdahatʼį́ʼ (Dííshjį́di éí North Carolina, South Carolina, áádóó Georgia hoolyéegi tʼáá yiiłniʼ)^[5]. Bilagáana bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ naałnį́į́h/tahoniigááh bitsįʼ yishtłizhii daʼbigáá^[6].

1567 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ éí Naakáí łíbáʼiʼ Hastiin Juan Pardo wolyéego, táá diʼeezh. Éí bikʼíjįʼ éí, Naakáí łíbáʼiʼ siláołtsooí bikin hastąąʼgo naazniilgo adaʼyiilá. Łaʼ siláołtsooí bikin éí Joara (bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Mísísípiian bikin oolyé) biigáágiʼ łaʼ aalyá, díí siláołtsooí bikinígíí éí Fort San Juan wolyéego aalyá (Bilaaganá bizaadjí éí Fort Saint John wolyé). Díí áłtsé kwii tʼéigo siláołtsooí bikin aalyá Amééwika bikáaʼgi^[7]. Áádóó Chééwokii bikin Nikwasi, Estatoe, Tugaloo, Conasauga, dóó Kituwa ałdóʼ yiitáá naaskáí. Naas nahódéísh zhiizhgo éí siláołtsooí bikin adaalyáʼ yééhgiʼ taa dashchxóʼ, díí éí bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Naakáí łibáʼiʼ bisiláołtsooí bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ chʼiʼ déíneeskáádi^[7]. Éí bikʼíjį́ʼ éí Naakáí łíbáʼiʼ bisiláołtsooí ałtsó daʼjigáá, áádóó tónteel bibąąhjiʼ iindaʼ hineeshchą́ą́ʼ^[8].

1600 biyihah

1654 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ bilagáana Virginia hoolyéejiʼ nidaʼhanééhígíí bikʼiʼ daʼazná, díí éí Richmond hoolyéegoʼnaʼ akwii hótʼį́į́hdiʼ. Bitsį yishtłizhii Rechahecrians/Rickahockans daʼyéíʼígíí daʼhoołchį́į́hdiʼ; Naaná Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Siouan Manahoac, dóó Nahyssan ałdóʼ daʼhoołchį́į́hdiʼ, bilagáana nidaʼhanééhígíí yiikʼiʼ neijááhgóʼ. 1655 biyihahgo bilagáana Tótaʼ Dineʼé Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼígíí áádóó bitsį yishtłizhii Pamunkey ałhiikáígoʼ daʼhoołchį́į́hdiʼígíí yiikʼé daʼdéísdlį́į́h. Dííshjį́ʼgo Bitsį yishtłizhii Rechahecrians/Rickahockans daalyéʼígíí háíʼadaʼtʼį́į́h haʼnįįhgo naʼbiyaʼtiʼ.

Nitʼąąʼ nahané ndaʼałkaahí adaʼnį́į́hgo éí azhí Rechahecrians/Rickahockans éí bitsįʼ yishtłizhii bizaad Eriechronon/Erielhonan asdą́ą́ biłʼałhééłté (Bitsį yishtłizhii Erie tribe daalyéʼígíí). Nitʼąą ninaalkááʼgoʼ éí bitsį yishtłizhii Rechahecrians/Rickahockans daalyéʼígíí Tooh Ííwii (Lake Erie) wolyédę́ę́ʼ nidaʼhazná. Aadi bitsįʼ yishtłizhii Iroquois Five Nation agháá daʼhódéístʼąąʼ, 1654 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ akwii daʼhotʼį́į́hdiʼ. Nitʼąąʼ ndaʼałkaahí Hastiin Martin Smith anį́į́hgoʼ, Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii chʼiʼ daʼbiʼiizhiiʼígíí Virginia hoolyéejiʼ nidaʼhazná (1986: 131–32). Łaʼ ndaʼałkaahí adaʼnį́į́hgoʼ éí díí bitsįʼ yishtłizhii chʼiʼ daʼbiʼiizhiiʼígíí éí Chééwokii akwii daʼbidiilyáʼ^[9].

Bilagáana Virginia hoolyéegi nidaʼhaznáʼígíí éí Chééwokii yiił ałhiidiʼnináʼ adooléʼ ałgháádaʼ yiinííł áádóó choʼdaʼ hoolį́į́hgoʼ haʼhoolzhiizh 1690s doo. 1690 biyihah yę́ędą́ą́ʼ éí bilagáana Virginia doo nidaʼkáíʼígíí Chééwokii yitááyaʼ, aadi Chééwokii naalté bitsįʼ yishtłizhii daʼnilį́į́hígíí bilagáana biichʼį́ʼ nidaʼhaaznį́į́h^[10].

1700 biyihah

Hastiin Sequoyah Chééwokii bizaad yikʼéʼashchíʼ, áłtsé akwii tʼéigo ayiilá.

bitsʼą́ą́dóó ééhózinii

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Mooney, James (2006) [1900]. Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees. Kessinger Publishing. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4286-4864-7. http://books.google.com/?id=9HDbWUX71joC.
^ The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (PDF). Census 2000 Brief. 2002-02-01. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-10.
^ Brown, John P. "Eastern Cherokee Chiefs", Chronicles of Oklahoma Vol. 16, No. 1, March 1938. (retrieved 21 September 2009)
^ Fagan, Brian. Ancient North America. London: Thames and Hudson, 2005, pp. 487–488.
^ Mooney, James (2006) [1900]. Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees. Kessinger Publishing. p. 393. ISBN 9781428648647. http://books.google.com/?id=9HDbWUX71joC.
^ Hill, 65.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 David G. Moore, Robin A. Beck, Jr., and Christopher B. Rodning, "Joara and Fort San Juan: culture contact at the edge of the world", Antiquity, Vol. 78, No. 229, Mar. 2004, accessed 26 June 2008
^ Hill, 66–67
^ Conley, A Cherokee Encyclopedia, p. 3
^ Gallay, Alan (2002). The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South 1670–1717. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10193-7.

[Unnamed-20230318114557-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Mooney, James (2006) [1900]. Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees. Kessinger Publishing. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4286-4864-7. http://books.google.com/?id=9HDbWUX71joC.

[2] The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (PDF). Census 2000 Brief. 2002-02-01. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-10.

[3] Brown, John P. "Eastern Cherokee Chiefs", Chronicles of Oklahoma Vol. 16, No. 1, March 1938. (retrieved 21 September 2009)

[4] Fagan, Brian. Ancient North America. London: Thames and Hudson, 2005, pp. 487–488.

[5] Mooney, James (2006) [1900]. Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees. Kessinger Publishing. p. 393. ISBN 9781428648647. http://books.google.com/?id=9HDbWUX71joC.

[6] Hill, 65.

[Unnamed_2-20230318114557-7] 7.0 ^7.1 David G. Moore, Robin A. Beck, Jr., and Christopher B. Rodning, "Joara and Fort San Juan: culture contact at the edge of the world", Antiquity, Vol. 78, No. 229, Mar. 2004, accessed 26 June 2008

[8] Hill, 66–67

[9] Conley, A Cherokee Encyclopedia, p. 3

[10] Gallay, Alan (2002). The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South 1670–1717. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10193-7.

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