Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to... more Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a moveme...
A group of health workers and designers teamed up to develop novel ways to respond to HIV prevent... more A group of health workers and designers teamed up to develop novel ways to respond to HIV prevention, diagnosis, and HIV-stigma challenges. They integrated creative, participatory, user-centred design skills with scientific and clinical expertise to address emerging challenges. This paper explains how this interdisciplinary collaboration evolved, reflecting on how a design centred approach is valued and influences collaboration and outcomes in health projects. The research explores three projects in which design tools and methods such as user workshops, user journeys, scenarios, personas and interaction mockups were employed. Project one aimed to develop a pilot service to encourage HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). It included a series of design workshops involving members of the LGBT community and People Living with HIV (PLWH). The final design involved the building and testing of a bespoke vending machine to distribute free self-test kits, and of its digital...
The paper argues that interdisciplinary design can be successful in services design. It offers in... more The paper argues that interdisciplinary design can be successful in services design. It offers information about 2 case studies in which interdisciplinary teams address design services problems. The paper explains the design method employed in the case studies. It also identifies “user design centred” as the main concept that drove the design approach. It explains the meaning of “user centred design”, of “services design” and highlights the importance of “interdisciplinary services design”. The paper also offers a framework for interdisciplinary working in service design. KEYWORDS: Service Design, Touch Points, Interdisciplinary working
ObjectiveTechnology-based approaches to distribute HIV self-tests (HIVST) have the potential to i... more ObjectiveTechnology-based approaches to distribute HIV self-tests (HIVST) have the potential to increase access to HIV testing in key populations. We evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of using vending machines (VMs) in a community setting to distribute HIVST to men who have sex with men at high-risk of HIV.MethodsFirst, a predevelopment survey of targeted potential users explored attitudes towards HIVST and the use of a VM to deliver HIVST. Second, participatory design workshops between designers and community volunteers informed the production of a bespoke VMs dispensing free BioSureHIVST. Uptake of HIVST and user experiences were evaluated using information supplied directly from the machines interface (number of tests dispensed, user demographics), an online questionnaire and semistructured interviews.ResultsThe predevelopment survey found that 32% of 232 sauna users had never tested for HIV, despite high-risk behaviours. A total of 265 testing kits were dispensed: mean ...
Evolving innovation through office knowledge networks: mapping the ephemeral architecture of orga... more Evolving innovation through office knowledge networks: mapping the ephemeral architecture of organizational creativity
Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange o... more Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange of information and ideas; in recent years, the importance of the spatial environment in facilitating such social exchange has been increasingly recognised. In this paper we present research undertaken with a UK based media company investigating the relationship between innovation and the office environment, both in terms of social and physical space. We integrate the analytical approaches of Social Network Analysis, which has emerged from the social sciences as an important means of visualising workplace relations, and Space Syntax Analysis from the disciplines of architecture and the built environment. Dale and Burrell (2008, xii) invite us to consider; "how spatial practices 'produce people' (Alvesson and Willmott 1992, 5) and how organisational aesthetics is much more than a simple beautifying of the workplace, but is an issue of politics and power." Understanding the everyday means by which work colleagues interact in order to conduct their work is therefore, an increasingly relevant concern for the learning organisation aiming to support the optimum conditions for efficiency, innovation and the management of tacit knowledge. The research presented here has aimed to adopt such a ‘unitary’ approach to organisational space. The case study thus provides a means to think holistically about the socio-spatial nature of organisational creativity in aiming toward a better understanding of the opportunities at Dataco for workplace innovation and how these may be enhanced within their business practice.
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer'expert advice ...
Introduction Novel ways to encourage HIV testing are urgently needed. In Brighton, the use of a d... more Introduction Novel ways to encourage HIV testing are urgently needed. In Brighton, the use of a digital vending machine to distribute free self-test kits to men who have sex with men (MSM) using saunas is being piloted along with a campaign to increase awareness of self-testing.
Methods Volunteers attended design workshops and designers attended an LGBT community meeting. Participants completed a questionnaire and discussed visual concepts for the campaign. Workshops utilised tools such as personas (creating ‘characters’ to explore theoretical individuals’ thoughts and behaviours), construction of user journeys, and mock-ups of vending machine design and interaction.
Results There were 11 respondents; 8 aged <25, two 25–34 and one 45–64 years. Eight had previously tested for HIV. Two had self-tested. Themes relating to concerns with self-testing were: perceived reliability or ‘faith in the results’; tests being ‘done properly’; familiarity with self-testing; fear of needles or blood; STI screening; support if test positive. Factors encouraging HIV self-testing were: awareness; accessibility; confidence in ease of use. Key themes relating to visual campaign options were: sense of community and support; clinical versus community settings; giving clear information. Participant discussions using personas included targeting appropriate populations for self-testing and framing the campaign within the ‘gay scene’.
Discussion Few participants had previously self-tested Knowledge and generating a ‘sense of a testing community’ were the most important factors for promoting self-testing. Collaboration with designers and communities ensures a user-centred approach to HIV self-testing.
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer'expert advice ...
To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
Soci... more To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801 Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a movement from problem solving to systems thinking. However, systems thinking is not replacing problem solving but complementing it. The results also indicate that the growing complexity of the issues designers deal with influences the adoption of systems thinking in responding to service design challenges, as well as current changes in people’s ideas about sustainability and society. To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
"This case study reports on the use and development of video-prototype as a services design commu... more "This case study reports on the use and development of video-prototype as a services design communication tool for product designers. This case study seeks to offer a first insight on how the tool of video-prototyping can be offer in an academic institution as part of the curriculum of a product design course. In particular, it explores the impact of video prototyping in product design students design projects and explains what are the tool reach and limitations.
The case study has been conducted in the Product design and the Product Design Engineering courses at a design school. Those courses have evolved to adapt to different social and productive influences from various eras. In recent years, their development has been heavily influenced by two primary factors: First, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of mass production and, secondly, the expansion in our society of service-based economy. For this reason, both courses have been implementing the teaching of video-prototyping as a communication tool.
"
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through
informa... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through
informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA)
and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel
conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and
development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to
visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer 'expert advice'
and 'new ideas' in the development of these products, but also the role of mediators in this
process at a digital media company, Dataco.
Keywords: Evolutionary Approach, Innovation, Social Network Analysis
This paper sets out to explore characteristics of transdisciplinary organisational research in
p... more This paper sets out to explore characteristics of transdisciplinary organisational research in
practice and in particular how the process of research may be shared and co-produced by both
University and business. The case studies presented here outline recent work conducted through
‘Innovation Futures’, a Sheffield Hallam University project which aims to contribute to the
development of a region-wide culture of innovation and to create strong links between businesses
and the University. The multidisciplinary team, based across Sheffield Business School and the
Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute, has worked with numerous
companies from the manufacturing and service sectors in the last three years. Using a strong
process of collaboration throughout the stages of problem structuring, problem investigation, and
realisation of findings in practice, the work has sought to help businesses improve processes and,
ultimately, performance by fostering a reflexive approach to the socio-spatial nature of
organisational creativity.
Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange o... more Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange of information and ideas; in recent years, the importance of the spatial environment in facilitating such social exchange has been increasingly recognised. In this paper we present research undertaken with a UK based media company investigating the relationship between innovation and the office environment, both in terms of social and physical space. We integrate the analytical approaches of Social Network Analysis, which has emerged from the social sciences as an important means of visualising workplace relations, and Space Syntax Analysis from the disciplines of architecture and the built environment. Dale and Burrell (2008, xii) invite us to consider; "how spatial practices 'produce people' (Alvesson and Willmott 1992, 5) and how organisational aesthetics is much more than a simple beautifying of the workplace, but is an issue of politics and power." Understanding the everyday means by which work colleagues interact in order to conduct their work is therefore, an increasingly relevant concern for the learning organisation aiming to support the optimum conditions for efficiency, innovation and the management of tacit knowledge. The research presented here has aimed to adopt such a ‘unitary’ approach to organisational space. The case study thus provides a means to think holistically about the socio-spatial nature of organisational creativity in aiming toward a better understanding of the opportunities at Dataco for workplace innovation and how these may be enhanced within their business practice.
"This new XXI century has seen a fundamental transformation in the product design world. From bei... more "This new XXI century has seen a fundamental transformation in the product design world. From being entities purely physics and tangibles, the products have evolved to be mix entities, with physical and virtual or intangible attributes. The products of this century also include Interactive properties that allow people that use them (users), to exchange information in and out and communicate with these objects and throughout them. Phones that help people navigate through cities, ATMs that supplant human tellers, "online" services that analyses the patterns of consumption of its users and offers them shopping options according to their tastes and preferences are all manifestations of this transformation.
While this change is consequence of a number of things, two of them are directly related to the design world: On one side is the emergence of a new kind of design thinking and secondly, the highly development that information technology (IT) has had in recent years.
It is noted that the eternal paradigm-design debate in the twentieth century over whether the function of the products is determined first by the form has given way to fresh concepts and philosophies that in turn are reshaping the contemporary context of product design."
Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to... more Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a moveme...
A group of health workers and designers teamed up to develop novel ways to respond to HIV prevent... more A group of health workers and designers teamed up to develop novel ways to respond to HIV prevention, diagnosis, and HIV-stigma challenges. They integrated creative, participatory, user-centred design skills with scientific and clinical expertise to address emerging challenges. This paper explains how this interdisciplinary collaboration evolved, reflecting on how a design centred approach is valued and influences collaboration and outcomes in health projects. The research explores three projects in which design tools and methods such as user workshops, user journeys, scenarios, personas and interaction mockups were employed. Project one aimed to develop a pilot service to encourage HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). It included a series of design workshops involving members of the LGBT community and People Living with HIV (PLWH). The final design involved the building and testing of a bespoke vending machine to distribute free self-test kits, and of its digital...
The paper argues that interdisciplinary design can be successful in services design. It offers in... more The paper argues that interdisciplinary design can be successful in services design. It offers information about 2 case studies in which interdisciplinary teams address design services problems. The paper explains the design method employed in the case studies. It also identifies “user design centred” as the main concept that drove the design approach. It explains the meaning of “user centred design”, of “services design” and highlights the importance of “interdisciplinary services design”. The paper also offers a framework for interdisciplinary working in service design. KEYWORDS: Service Design, Touch Points, Interdisciplinary working
ObjectiveTechnology-based approaches to distribute HIV self-tests (HIVST) have the potential to i... more ObjectiveTechnology-based approaches to distribute HIV self-tests (HIVST) have the potential to increase access to HIV testing in key populations. We evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of using vending machines (VMs) in a community setting to distribute HIVST to men who have sex with men at high-risk of HIV.MethodsFirst, a predevelopment survey of targeted potential users explored attitudes towards HIVST and the use of a VM to deliver HIVST. Second, participatory design workshops between designers and community volunteers informed the production of a bespoke VMs dispensing free BioSureHIVST. Uptake of HIVST and user experiences were evaluated using information supplied directly from the machines interface (number of tests dispensed, user demographics), an online questionnaire and semistructured interviews.ResultsThe predevelopment survey found that 32% of 232 sauna users had never tested for HIV, despite high-risk behaviours. A total of 265 testing kits were dispensed: mean ...
Evolving innovation through office knowledge networks: mapping the ephemeral architecture of orga... more Evolving innovation through office knowledge networks: mapping the ephemeral architecture of organizational creativity
Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange o... more Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange of information and ideas; in recent years, the importance of the spatial environment in facilitating such social exchange has been increasingly recognised. In this paper we present research undertaken with a UK based media company investigating the relationship between innovation and the office environment, both in terms of social and physical space. We integrate the analytical approaches of Social Network Analysis, which has emerged from the social sciences as an important means of visualising workplace relations, and Space Syntax Analysis from the disciplines of architecture and the built environment. Dale and Burrell (2008, xii) invite us to consider; &quot;how spatial practices &#39;produce people&#39; (Alvesson and Willmott 1992, 5) and how organisational aesthetics is much more than a simple beautifying of the workplace, but is an issue of politics and power.&quot; Understanding the everyday means by which work colleagues interact in order to conduct their work is therefore, an increasingly relevant concern for the learning organisation aiming to support the optimum conditions for efficiency, innovation and the management of tacit knowledge. The research presented here has aimed to adopt such a ‘unitary’ approach to organisational space. The case study thus provides a means to think holistically about the socio-spatial nature of organisational creativity in aiming toward a better understanding of the opportunities at Dataco for workplace innovation and how these may be enhanced within their business practice.
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer'expert advice ...
Introduction Novel ways to encourage HIV testing are urgently needed. In Brighton, the use of a d... more Introduction Novel ways to encourage HIV testing are urgently needed. In Brighton, the use of a digital vending machine to distribute free self-test kits to men who have sex with men (MSM) using saunas is being piloted along with a campaign to increase awareness of self-testing.
Methods Volunteers attended design workshops and designers attended an LGBT community meeting. Participants completed a questionnaire and discussed visual concepts for the campaign. Workshops utilised tools such as personas (creating ‘characters’ to explore theoretical individuals’ thoughts and behaviours), construction of user journeys, and mock-ups of vending machine design and interaction.
Results There were 11 respondents; 8 aged <25, two 25–34 and one 45–64 years. Eight had previously tested for HIV. Two had self-tested. Themes relating to concerns with self-testing were: perceived reliability or ‘faith in the results’; tests being ‘done properly’; familiarity with self-testing; fear of needles or blood; STI screening; support if test positive. Factors encouraging HIV self-testing were: awareness; accessibility; confidence in ease of use. Key themes relating to visual campaign options were: sense of community and support; clinical versus community settings; giving clear information. Participant discussions using personas included targeting appropriate populations for self-testing and framing the campaign within the ‘gay scene’.
Discussion Few participants had previously self-tested Knowledge and generating a ‘sense of a testing community’ were the most important factors for promoting self-testing. Collaboration with designers and communities ensures a user-centred approach to HIV self-testing.
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer'expert advice ...
To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
Soci... more To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801 Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a movement from problem solving to systems thinking. However, systems thinking is not replacing problem solving but complementing it. The results also indicate that the growing complexity of the issues designers deal with influences the adoption of systems thinking in responding to service design challenges, as well as current changes in people’s ideas about sustainability and society. To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
"This case study reports on the use and development of video-prototype as a services design commu... more "This case study reports on the use and development of video-prototype as a services design communication tool for product designers. This case study seeks to offer a first insight on how the tool of video-prototyping can be offer in an academic institution as part of the curriculum of a product design course. In particular, it explores the impact of video prototyping in product design students design projects and explains what are the tool reach and limitations.
The case study has been conducted in the Product design and the Product Design Engineering courses at a design school. Those courses have evolved to adapt to different social and productive influences from various eras. In recent years, their development has been heavily influenced by two primary factors: First, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of mass production and, secondly, the expansion in our society of service-based economy. For this reason, both courses have been implementing the teaching of video-prototyping as a communication tool.
"
This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through
informa... more This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through
informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA)
and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel
conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and
development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to
visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer 'expert advice'
and 'new ideas' in the development of these products, but also the role of mediators in this
process at a digital media company, Dataco.
Keywords: Evolutionary Approach, Innovation, Social Network Analysis
This paper sets out to explore characteristics of transdisciplinary organisational research in
p... more This paper sets out to explore characteristics of transdisciplinary organisational research in
practice and in particular how the process of research may be shared and co-produced by both
University and business. The case studies presented here outline recent work conducted through
‘Innovation Futures’, a Sheffield Hallam University project which aims to contribute to the
development of a region-wide culture of innovation and to create strong links between businesses
and the University. The multidisciplinary team, based across Sheffield Business School and the
Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute, has worked with numerous
companies from the manufacturing and service sectors in the last three years. Using a strong
process of collaboration throughout the stages of problem structuring, problem investigation, and
realisation of findings in practice, the work has sought to help businesses improve processes and,
ultimately, performance by fostering a reflexive approach to the socio-spatial nature of
organisational creativity.
Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange o... more Opportunities for innovation and creativity are widely known to depend on the flow and exchange of information and ideas; in recent years, the importance of the spatial environment in facilitating such social exchange has been increasingly recognised. In this paper we present research undertaken with a UK based media company investigating the relationship between innovation and the office environment, both in terms of social and physical space. We integrate the analytical approaches of Social Network Analysis, which has emerged from the social sciences as an important means of visualising workplace relations, and Space Syntax Analysis from the disciplines of architecture and the built environment. Dale and Burrell (2008, xii) invite us to consider; "how spatial practices 'produce people' (Alvesson and Willmott 1992, 5) and how organisational aesthetics is much more than a simple beautifying of the workplace, but is an issue of politics and power." Understanding the everyday means by which work colleagues interact in order to conduct their work is therefore, an increasingly relevant concern for the learning organisation aiming to support the optimum conditions for efficiency, innovation and the management of tacit knowledge. The research presented here has aimed to adopt such a ‘unitary’ approach to organisational space. The case study thus provides a means to think holistically about the socio-spatial nature of organisational creativity in aiming toward a better understanding of the opportunities at Dataco for workplace innovation and how these may be enhanced within their business practice.
"This new XXI century has seen a fundamental transformation in the product design world. From bei... more "This new XXI century has seen a fundamental transformation in the product design world. From being entities purely physics and tangibles, the products have evolved to be mix entities, with physical and virtual or intangible attributes. The products of this century also include Interactive properties that allow people that use them (users), to exchange information in and out and communicate with these objects and throughout them. Phones that help people navigate through cities, ATMs that supplant human tellers, "online" services that analyses the patterns of consumption of its users and offers them shopping options according to their tastes and preferences are all manifestations of this transformation.
While this change is consequence of a number of things, two of them are directly related to the design world: On one side is the emergence of a new kind of design thinking and secondly, the highly development that information technology (IT) has had in recent years.
It is noted that the eternal paradigm-design debate in the twentieth century over whether the function of the products is determined first by the form has given way to fresh concepts and philosophies that in turn are reshaping the contemporary context of product design."
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Methods Volunteers attended design workshops and designers attended an LGBT community meeting. Participants completed a questionnaire and discussed visual concepts for the campaign. Workshops utilised tools such as personas (creating ‘characters’ to explore theoretical individuals’ thoughts and behaviours), construction of user journeys, and mock-ups of vending machine design and interaction.
Results There were 11 respondents; 8 aged <25, two 25–34 and one 45–64 years. Eight had previously tested for HIV. Two had self-tested. Themes relating to concerns with self-testing were: perceived reliability or ‘faith in the results’; tests being ‘done properly’; familiarity with self-testing; fear of needles or blood; STI screening; support if test positive. Factors encouraging HIV self-testing were: awareness; accessibility; confidence in ease of use. Key themes relating to visual campaign options were: sense of community and support; clinical versus community settings; giving clear information. Participant discussions using personas included targeting appropriate populations for self-testing and framing the campaign within the ‘gay scene’.
Discussion Few participants had previously self-tested Knowledge and generating a ‘sense of a testing community’ were the most important factors for promoting self-testing. Collaboration with designers and communities ensures a user-centred approach to HIV self-testing.
Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a movement from problem solving to systems thinking. However, systems thinking is not replacing problem solving but complementing it. The results also indicate that the growing complexity of the issues designers deal with influences the adoption of systems thinking in responding to service design challenges, as well as current changes in people’s ideas about sustainability and society. To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
The case study has been conducted in the Product design and the Product Design Engineering courses at a design school. Those courses have evolved to adapt to different social and productive influences from various eras. In recent years, their development has been heavily influenced by two primary factors: First, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of mass production and, secondly, the expansion in our society of service-based economy. For this reason, both courses have been implementing the teaching of video-prototyping as a communication tool.
"
informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA)
and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel
conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and
development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to
visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer 'expert advice'
and 'new ideas' in the development of these products, but also the role of mediators in this
process at a digital media company, Dataco.
Keywords: Evolutionary Approach, Innovation, Social Network Analysis
practice and in particular how the process of research may be shared and co-produced by both
University and business. The case studies presented here outline recent work conducted through
‘Innovation Futures’, a Sheffield Hallam University project which aims to contribute to the
development of a region-wide culture of innovation and to create strong links between businesses
and the University. The multidisciplinary team, based across Sheffield Business School and the
Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute, has worked with numerous
companies from the manufacturing and service sectors in the last three years. Using a strong
process of collaboration throughout the stages of problem structuring, problem investigation, and
realisation of findings in practice, the work has sought to help businesses improve processes and,
ultimately, performance by fostering a reflexive approach to the socio-spatial nature of
organisational creativity.
While this change is consequence of a number of things, two of them are directly related to the design world: On one side is the emergence of a new kind of design thinking and secondly, the highly development that information technology (IT) has had in recent years.
It is noted that the eternal paradigm-design debate in the twentieth century over whether the function of the products is determined first by the form has given way to fresh concepts and philosophies that in turn are reshaping the contemporary context of product design."
Methods Volunteers attended design workshops and designers attended an LGBT community meeting. Participants completed a questionnaire and discussed visual concepts for the campaign. Workshops utilised tools such as personas (creating ‘characters’ to explore theoretical individuals’ thoughts and behaviours), construction of user journeys, and mock-ups of vending machine design and interaction.
Results There were 11 respondents; 8 aged <25, two 25–34 and one 45–64 years. Eight had previously tested for HIV. Two had self-tested. Themes relating to concerns with self-testing were: perceived reliability or ‘faith in the results’; tests being ‘done properly’; familiarity with self-testing; fear of needles or blood; STI screening; support if test positive. Factors encouraging HIV self-testing were: awareness; accessibility; confidence in ease of use. Key themes relating to visual campaign options were: sense of community and support; clinical versus community settings; giving clear information. Participant discussions using personas included targeting appropriate populations for self-testing and framing the campaign within the ‘gay scene’.
Discussion Few participants had previously self-tested Knowledge and generating a ‘sense of a testing community’ were the most important factors for promoting self-testing. Collaboration with designers and communities ensures a user-centred approach to HIV self-testing.
Society, industry and the economy are all experiencing changes caused by a shift from products to services. While a “problem-solving” approach is commonly used for the development of products, new design approaches are needed as the primary unit of exchange moves from goods to services. This research argues that a fundamental transformation in the design world is taking place, manifested in a thinking paradigm shift from problem solving (designing products) towards systems thinking (designing services). This paper draws on design literature to identify concepts of systems thinking and problem solving to help understand core elements in the shift from product to service design. It also reports on a series of semi-structured interviews with designers working in five design consultancies that have moved from product design to services design. The results show a change in the way designers think and approach projects when facing the challenges of designing services, confirming a movement from problem solving to systems thinking. However, systems thinking is not replacing problem solving but complementing it. The results also indicate that the growing complexity of the issues designers deal with influences the adoption of systems thinking in responding to service design challenges, as well as current changes in people’s ideas about sustainability and society. To see full paper go to : https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/formakademisk/article/view/801
The case study has been conducted in the Product design and the Product Design Engineering courses at a design school. Those courses have evolved to adapt to different social and productive influences from various eras. In recent years, their development has been heavily influenced by two primary factors: First, the growing awareness of the environmental impact of mass production and, secondly, the expansion in our society of service-based economy. For this reason, both courses have been implementing the teaching of video-prototyping as a communication tool.
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informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA)
and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel
conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and
development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to
visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer 'expert advice'
and 'new ideas' in the development of these products, but also the role of mediators in this
process at a digital media company, Dataco.
Keywords: Evolutionary Approach, Innovation, Social Network Analysis
practice and in particular how the process of research may be shared and co-produced by both
University and business. The case studies presented here outline recent work conducted through
‘Innovation Futures’, a Sheffield Hallam University project which aims to contribute to the
development of a region-wide culture of innovation and to create strong links between businesses
and the University. The multidisciplinary team, based across Sheffield Business School and the
Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute, has worked with numerous
companies from the manufacturing and service sectors in the last three years. Using a strong
process of collaboration throughout the stages of problem structuring, problem investigation, and
realisation of findings in practice, the work has sought to help businesses improve processes and,
ultimately, performance by fostering a reflexive approach to the socio-spatial nature of
organisational creativity.
While this change is consequence of a number of things, two of them are directly related to the design world: On one side is the emergence of a new kind of design thinking and secondly, the highly development that information technology (IT) has had in recent years.
It is noted that the eternal paradigm-design debate in the twentieth century over whether the function of the products is determined first by the form has given way to fresh concepts and philosophies that in turn are reshaping the contemporary context of product design."