Green nanoparticle synthesis was achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extracts reducin... more Green nanoparticle synthesis was achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extracts reducing and capping agents. The present study was based on assessments to the anticancer activities to determine the effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from three medicinal plants on human liver (HepG2) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. The synthesis of AgNPs using Plumbago zeylanica (Pz), Semecarpus anacardium (Sa) and Terminalia arjuna (Ta) plant extracts in the reaction mixture was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR results clearly illustrated that the plant extracts containing prominent peaks of functional groups and biomolecules viz., tannins, phenols, flavonoids and triterpenoids those act as capping agents and involved in the stabilization of the synthesised silver nanoparticles. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical and cuboid in shape which is determined by SEM. Average size of the AgNPs were between 80–98, 60–95 and 34–70 nm for PzAgNPs, SaAgNPs and TaAgNPs, respectively. Further, the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by XRD, EDX, DLS and Zeta potential analysis. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human liver and prostate cancer cell lines. The inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values of HepG2, PC3 and Vero cells were found to be 70.97, 58.61, 96.41; 10.04, 42.77, 83.86; and 28.42, 41.78, 69.48 g/ml for PzAgNPs, SaAgNPs and TaAgNPs at 48 h incubation. An induction of apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation, Hoechst, Rhodamine and AO/EtBr staining. The present results strongly suggested that the AgNPs synthesized using P. zeylanica, S. anacardium and T. arjuna extracts showed potential anticancer activity of HepG2 and PC3 cell lines.
Biomolecule-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ten different medicinal pl... more Biomolecule-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ten different medicinal plants and studied their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against selected clinically isolated microbial pathogens. Though the bioengineer AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity, the maximum rate of growth inhibition was recorded in liquid medium. A potential anti-biofilm activity was determined using biomolecule-coated AgNPs derived from Centella asiatica, Plumbago zeylanica and Semecarpus anacardium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results strongly suggest that bioengineered AgNPs at lower doses can be used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections with biofilm formation. Further, the XTT assay exhibited an increased level of reactive oxygen species production in bacterial strains treated with bioengineered AgNPs using 10 plant species. Present results clearly indicate that biomolecule-coated AgNPs could be used as effective nanodrug for treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug resistant bacterial strains in the near future.
Nanoparticle based drug delivery can rapidly improves the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer ag... more Nanoparticle based drug delivery can rapidly improves the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer agents. The present study focused to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using aqueous extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves (ApAgNPs) and Semecarpus anacardium nuts (SaAgNPs) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cancer in mice model. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Mi-croscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum, Zeta potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectrum revealed a strong peak at 420 nm for both SaAgNPs and ApAgNPs. FTIR results exhibited the presence of possible functional groups in the synthesized AgNPs. TEM analysis determined the hexagonal , and spherical shape of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The XRD and SAED pattern confirmed the crystalline nature and crystalline size of the AgNPs. EDX result clearly showed strong silver signals in the range between 2 and 4 keV. Zeta potential measurements indicated a sharp peak at −3.93 and −13.8 mV for ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs, respectively. DLS measurement expressed the particle size distribution was 70 and 60 nm for ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs, respectively. DEN (20 mg/kg b.wt.) was subjected to induce liver cancer in mice for 8 weeks and treated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Interestingly, ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs treated DEN induced animal groups show a decreased level of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transfer-ase (ALT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity and elevated level of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity over untreated DEN control animals group. Histopathological investigation reveals decreased fat accumulation, appearance of binucleated cells in nanoparticle treated animals and showed mere normal cells induced by DEN. Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNORs) had a significant decrease in number of acidic proteins and mast cells assay showed decrease of metachromatic cells in nanoparticles treated animal groups over control. Present results strongly suggest that biomolecule coated silver nanoparticles exposure showed potential hepatoprotective effect against DEN induced liver cancer and could be used as an effective anticancer nanodrug.
Th present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ... more Th present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ions using in vitro-grown leaf samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines (PC3). Th metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. Th characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30–90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effct of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line. Th IC 50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. Th percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. Th results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.
A rapid and novel microwave-mediated protocol was established for extracellular
synthesis of meta... more A rapid and novel microwave-mediated protocol was established for extracellular synthesis of metallic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the extracts of macro-algae Gracilaria edulis (GE) and also examined its anticancer activity against human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The formation of silver nanoparticles (GEAgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (GEZnONPs) in the reaction mixture was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical and rodshaped, respectively. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and ZnONPs against PC3 and normal African monkey kidney (VERO) cell line. The inhibitory concentration values were found to be 39.60, 28.55, 53.99 μg/mL and 68.49, 88.05, 71.98 μg/mL against PC3 cells and Vero cells for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and aqueous G. edulis extracts, respectively, at 48 h incubation period. As evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the percentage of the apoptotic bodies was found to be 62 and 70 % for AgNPs and ZnONPs, respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the synthesized ZnONPs showed an effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines than AgNPs.
Green synthesis of nanoscale materials is under exploration due to various biomedical research
ap... more Green synthesis of nanoscale materials is under exploration due to various biomedical research applications in nanobiotechnology. Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a small evergreen woody species which contains various alkaloids viz., ajamaline, reserpine, serpentine and tetraphyllincine. The present study describes the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extracts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were structurally characterized by UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Elemental and vibrational analyses of nanoparticles were carried out with Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. Bioreduction of silver ions by Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract resulted in the synthesis of spherical, triangle and square shaped nanoparticles. The size of the silver nanoparticles was ranged from 26–37 nm. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of aromatic amines, amide (I) and amide (II) groups, flavonoids, polyols and secondary alcohols in capping and reduction of silver nanoparticles. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1034). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles approach appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to other conventional methods for nanoparticles synthesis and its antibacterial activity.
The toxicity of mercury in humans and animals are well established and this depends greatly on th... more The toxicity of mercury in humans and animals are well established and this depends greatly on the mercuric compounds. In this study Thespesia populnea has been investigated for its possible protective role in mercury induced cellular damage using Swiss albino mice. The liver marker enzymes SGPT and SGOT exhibited higher activity and the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and GST in mercuric chloride [HgCl2] treated animals were lower. Liver histopathology showed that Thespesia populnea bark extract inhibited these amendments, had reduced fat cyst formation and developed binucleated cells induced by HgCl2 intoxication. From these results we conclude that enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced amount of serum amino transaminase are responsible for the major protecting mechanisms of T. populnea bark extract in mercury induced oxidative stress in liver.
Green nanoparticle synthesis was achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extracts reducin... more Green nanoparticle synthesis was achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extracts reducing and capping agents. The present study was based on assessments to the anticancer activities to determine the effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from three medicinal plants on human liver (HepG2) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. The synthesis of AgNPs using Plumbago zeylanica (Pz), Semecarpus anacardium (Sa) and Terminalia arjuna (Ta) plant extracts in the reaction mixture was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR results clearly illustrated that the plant extracts containing prominent peaks of functional groups and biomolecules viz., tannins, phenols, flavonoids and triterpenoids those act as capping agents and involved in the stabilization of the synthesised silver nanoparticles. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical and cuboid in shape which is determined by SEM. Average size of the AgNPs were between 80–98, 60–95 and 34–70 nm for PzAgNPs, SaAgNPs and TaAgNPs, respectively. Further, the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by XRD, EDX, DLS and Zeta potential analysis. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human liver and prostate cancer cell lines. The inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values of HepG2, PC3 and Vero cells were found to be 70.97, 58.61, 96.41; 10.04, 42.77, 83.86; and 28.42, 41.78, 69.48 g/ml for PzAgNPs, SaAgNPs and TaAgNPs at 48 h incubation. An induction of apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation, Hoechst, Rhodamine and AO/EtBr staining. The present results strongly suggested that the AgNPs synthesized using P. zeylanica, S. anacardium and T. arjuna extracts showed potential anticancer activity of HepG2 and PC3 cell lines.
Biomolecule-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ten different medicinal pl... more Biomolecule-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ten different medicinal plants and studied their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against selected clinically isolated microbial pathogens. Though the bioengineer AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity, the maximum rate of growth inhibition was recorded in liquid medium. A potential anti-biofilm activity was determined using biomolecule-coated AgNPs derived from Centella asiatica, Plumbago zeylanica and Semecarpus anacardium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results strongly suggest that bioengineered AgNPs at lower doses can be used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections with biofilm formation. Further, the XTT assay exhibited an increased level of reactive oxygen species production in bacterial strains treated with bioengineered AgNPs using 10 plant species. Present results clearly indicate that biomolecule-coated AgNPs could be used as effective nanodrug for treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug resistant bacterial strains in the near future.
Nanoparticle based drug delivery can rapidly improves the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer ag... more Nanoparticle based drug delivery can rapidly improves the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer agents. The present study focused to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using aqueous extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves (ApAgNPs) and Semecarpus anacardium nuts (SaAgNPs) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cancer in mice model. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Mi-croscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum, Zeta potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectrum revealed a strong peak at 420 nm for both SaAgNPs and ApAgNPs. FTIR results exhibited the presence of possible functional groups in the synthesized AgNPs. TEM analysis determined the hexagonal , and spherical shape of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The XRD and SAED pattern confirmed the crystalline nature and crystalline size of the AgNPs. EDX result clearly showed strong silver signals in the range between 2 and 4 keV. Zeta potential measurements indicated a sharp peak at −3.93 and −13.8 mV for ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs, respectively. DLS measurement expressed the particle size distribution was 70 and 60 nm for ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs, respectively. DEN (20 mg/kg b.wt.) was subjected to induce liver cancer in mice for 8 weeks and treated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Interestingly, ApAgNPs and SaAgNPs treated DEN induced animal groups show a decreased level of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transfer-ase (ALT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity and elevated level of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity over untreated DEN control animals group. Histopathological investigation reveals decreased fat accumulation, appearance of binucleated cells in nanoparticle treated animals and showed mere normal cells induced by DEN. Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNORs) had a significant decrease in number of acidic proteins and mast cells assay showed decrease of metachromatic cells in nanoparticles treated animal groups over control. Present results strongly suggest that biomolecule coated silver nanoparticles exposure showed potential hepatoprotective effect against DEN induced liver cancer and could be used as an effective anticancer nanodrug.
Th present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ... more Th present study describes the biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver ions using in vitro-grown leaf samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines (PC3). Th metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. Th characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30–90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effct of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line. Th IC 50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. Th percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. Th results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.
A rapid and novel microwave-mediated protocol was established for extracellular
synthesis of meta... more A rapid and novel microwave-mediated protocol was established for extracellular synthesis of metallic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the extracts of macro-algae Gracilaria edulis (GE) and also examined its anticancer activity against human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The formation of silver nanoparticles (GEAgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (GEZnONPs) in the reaction mixture was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical and rodshaped, respectively. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and ZnONPs against PC3 and normal African monkey kidney (VERO) cell line. The inhibitory concentration values were found to be 39.60, 28.55, 53.99 μg/mL and 68.49, 88.05, 71.98 μg/mL against PC3 cells and Vero cells for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and aqueous G. edulis extracts, respectively, at 48 h incubation period. As evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the percentage of the apoptotic bodies was found to be 62 and 70 % for AgNPs and ZnONPs, respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the synthesized ZnONPs showed an effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines than AgNPs.
Green synthesis of nanoscale materials is under exploration due to various biomedical research
ap... more Green synthesis of nanoscale materials is under exploration due to various biomedical research applications in nanobiotechnology. Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a small evergreen woody species which contains various alkaloids viz., ajamaline, reserpine, serpentine and tetraphyllincine. The present study describes the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extracts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were structurally characterized by UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Elemental and vibrational analyses of nanoparticles were carried out with Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. Bioreduction of silver ions by Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract resulted in the synthesis of spherical, triangle and square shaped nanoparticles. The size of the silver nanoparticles was ranged from 26–37 nm. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of aromatic amines, amide (I) and amide (II) groups, flavonoids, polyols and secondary alcohols in capping and reduction of silver nanoparticles. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1034). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles approach appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to other conventional methods for nanoparticles synthesis and its antibacterial activity.
The toxicity of mercury in humans and animals are well established and this depends greatly on th... more The toxicity of mercury in humans and animals are well established and this depends greatly on the mercuric compounds. In this study Thespesia populnea has been investigated for its possible protective role in mercury induced cellular damage using Swiss albino mice. The liver marker enzymes SGPT and SGOT exhibited higher activity and the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and GST in mercuric chloride [HgCl2] treated animals were lower. Liver histopathology showed that Thespesia populnea bark extract inhibited these amendments, had reduced fat cyst formation and developed binucleated cells induced by HgCl2 intoxication. From these results we conclude that enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced amount of serum amino transaminase are responsible for the major protecting mechanisms of T. populnea bark extract in mercury induced oxidative stress in liver.
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Papers by Prasanna Raj
samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines
(PC3). Th metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa
nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. Th characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed
using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30–90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell
viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effct of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line.
Th IC
50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values
for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. Th percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr
staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. Th results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs
show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.
synthesis of metallic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the extracts of
macro-algae Gracilaria edulis (GE) and also examined its anticancer activity against human
prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The formation of silver nanoparticles (GEAgNPs) and zinc
oxide nanoparticles (GEZnONPs) in the reaction mixture was determined by ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and field emission
scanning electron microscopy. The silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical and rodshaped, respectively. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of
AgNPs and ZnONPs against PC3 and normal African monkey kidney (VERO) cell line. The
inhibitory concentration values were found to be 39.60, 28.55, 53.99 μg/mL and 68.49, 88.05,
71.98 μg/mL against PC3 cells and Vero cells for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and aqueous G. edulis
extracts, respectively, at 48 h incubation period. As evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium
bromide staining, the percentage of the apoptotic bodies was found to be 62 and 70 % for
AgNPs and ZnONPs, respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the synthesized
ZnONPs showed an effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines than AgNPs.
applications in nanobiotechnology. Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a small evergreen woody species
which contains various alkaloids viz., ajamaline, reserpine, serpentine and tetraphyllincine. The
present study describes the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extracts of
Rauvolfia tetraphylla. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were structurally characterized by UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-Ray diffraction
spectroscopy (XRD). Elemental and vibrational analyses of nanoparticles were carried out with
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. Bioreduction of silver ions by Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract resulted in the
synthesis of spherical, triangle and square shaped nanoparticles. The size of the silver
nanoparticles was ranged from 26–37 nm. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of aromatic
amines, amide (I) and amide (II) groups, flavonoids, polyols and secondary alcohols in capping
and reduction of silver nanoparticles. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1034). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles approach
appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to other conventional methods for
nanoparticles synthesis and its antibacterial activity.
compounds. In this study Thespesia populnea has been investigated for its possible protective role in mercury
induced cellular damage using Swiss albino mice. The liver marker enzymes SGPT and SGOT exhibited higher
activity and the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and GST in mercuric chloride [HgCl2] treated animals were
lower. Liver histopathology showed that Thespesia populnea bark extract inhibited these amendments, had reduced
fat cyst formation and developed binucleated cells induced by HgCl2 intoxication. From these results we
conclude that enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced amount of serum amino transaminase are
responsible for the major protecting mechanisms of T. populnea bark extract in mercury induced oxidative stress
in liver.
samples of Bambusa arundinacea (Ba) and Bambusa nutans (Bn) and their anticancer activity against human prostatic cancer cell lines
(PC3). Th metallic AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature by treating the leaf extracts of Bambusa arundinacea and Bambusa
nutans with 2 mM silver nitrate using the boiled method. Th characterization of synthesized BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs was performed
using UV-Vis spectrum (absorption peak at 365 nm), FTIR, TEM (spherical shape), SEM (size of 30–90 nm), and EDX analysis. Cell
viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity effct of AgNPs on the PC3 cancer cell line and the Vero normal cell line.
Th IC
50 values for BaAgNP- and BnAgNP-treated PC3 cancer cells were found to be 73.57 µg/mL and 84.88 µg/mL while the values
for treated Vero cells were found to be 93.58 µg/mL and 96.41 µg/mL, respectively. Th percentages of the apoptotic bodies by AO/EtBr
staining were found to be 76% and 62% for BaAgNPs and BnAgNPs, respectively. Th results strongly suggest that synthesized BaAgNPs
show potential anticancer activity against human PC3 cell lines compared to BnAgNPs.
synthesis of metallic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the extracts of
macro-algae Gracilaria edulis (GE) and also examined its anticancer activity against human
prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The formation of silver nanoparticles (GEAgNPs) and zinc
oxide nanoparticles (GEZnONPs) in the reaction mixture was determined by ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and field emission
scanning electron microscopy. The silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical and rodshaped, respectively. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of
AgNPs and ZnONPs against PC3 and normal African monkey kidney (VERO) cell line. The
inhibitory concentration values were found to be 39.60, 28.55, 53.99 μg/mL and 68.49, 88.05,
71.98 μg/mL against PC3 cells and Vero cells for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and aqueous G. edulis
extracts, respectively, at 48 h incubation period. As evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium
bromide staining, the percentage of the apoptotic bodies was found to be 62 and 70 % for
AgNPs and ZnONPs, respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the synthesized
ZnONPs showed an effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines than AgNPs.
applications in nanobiotechnology. Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a small evergreen woody species
which contains various alkaloids viz., ajamaline, reserpine, serpentine and tetraphyllincine. The
present study describes the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extracts of
Rauvolfia tetraphylla. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were structurally characterized by UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-Ray diffraction
spectroscopy (XRD). Elemental and vibrational analyses of nanoparticles were carried out with
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. Bioreduction of silver ions by Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract resulted in the
synthesis of spherical, triangle and square shaped nanoparticles. The size of the silver
nanoparticles was ranged from 26–37 nm. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of aromatic
amines, amide (I) and amide (II) groups, flavonoids, polyols and secondary alcohols in capping
and reduction of silver nanoparticles. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1034). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles approach
appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to other conventional methods for
nanoparticles synthesis and its antibacterial activity.
compounds. In this study Thespesia populnea has been investigated for its possible protective role in mercury
induced cellular damage using Swiss albino mice. The liver marker enzymes SGPT and SGOT exhibited higher
activity and the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and GST in mercuric chloride [HgCl2] treated animals were
lower. Liver histopathology showed that Thespesia populnea bark extract inhibited these amendments, had reduced
fat cyst formation and developed binucleated cells induced by HgCl2 intoxication. From these results we
conclude that enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced amount of serum amino transaminase are
responsible for the major protecting mechanisms of T. populnea bark extract in mercury induced oxidative stress
in liver.