کرېپټون

Krypton, ₃₆Kr
	A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white
	Spectral lines of krypton
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈkrɪptɒn/ ; KRIP-ton
Appearance	colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Krypton په دوراني جدول کې
bromine ← krypton → rubidium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	36
گروپ, پیریود	group 18 (noble gases), period 4
بلاک	p-block
Element category	noble gas
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 8
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	گاز
دويلې کيدو ټکى	115.78 K (−157.37 °C, −251.27 °F)
يشنا ټکی	119.93 K (−153.415 °C, −244.147 °F)
کثافت (at STP)	3.749 g/L
when liquid, at b.p.	2.413 g/cm3
Triple point	115.775 K, 73.53 kPa
Critical point	209.48 K, 5.525 MPa
Heat of fusion	1.64 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	9.08 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	20.95 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	2, 1, 0 (rarely more than 0; unknown oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.00
Ionization energies	1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3565 kJ/mol ; ;
Covalent radius	116±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	202 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for krypton
Speed of sound	(gas, 23 °C) 220 m·s−1; (liquid) 1120 m/s
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	9.43×10−3 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−28.8·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
CAS Number	7439-90-9
History
Discovery and first isolation	William Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Main isotopes of krypton
	view • talk • edit\| references \| in Wikidata

کرېپټون (په انگرېزي: Krypton) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Kr سمبول او ۳۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

تاریخچه

مرکبات

د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com
↑ "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005.
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd
↑ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Patrignani, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". Chinese Physics C. 40 (10): 100001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001. See p. 768

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com

[3] "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005.

[b92-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ کينډۍ:RubberBible92nd

[5] Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.

[6] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[7] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[Patrignani2016-8] Patrignani, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". Chinese Physics C. 40 (10): 100001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001. See p. 768

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

[۸]