The marine fishing industry is considered as one of Bangladesh's most important contributors to t... more The marine fishing industry is considered as one of Bangladesh's most important contributors to the nation's economy. The post-harvest losses of marine fish have a substantial impact on the contribution of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess post-harvest losses of marine fish at fishermen level and to identify the factors that influence post-harvest losses. In-person interviews were conducted in two coastal divisions of Bangladesh to collect data from 643 fishermen, which was then analyzed using multiple regression models. Results showed that the total post-harvest losses of marine fish in Bangladesh were 17.75 % of total caught, with physical and market losses accounting for 9.86 % and 90.14 %, respectively. The use of inadequate ice and uninsulated containers was estimated to increase post-harvest losses of marine fish by 40 %, all else being equal. Earning members, inadequate storage, longer time attached to the net, delayed marketing, and tide pressure were statistically significant and positively correlated with post-harvest losses, whereas family members and fish finder were negatively associated with post-harvest losses. This study thus recommends that those who harvest marine fish should be aware of the parameters they choose that affect post-harvest losses.
Existing literature highlights significant income loss due to Post-Harvest Loss (PHL) across the ... more Existing literature highlights significant income loss due to Post-Harvest Loss (PHL) across the fisheries value chain in developing countries like Bangladesh. This is attributed to inappropriate fishing tools, poor infrastructure, inadequate storage facilities, and inefficient transportation. This study estimated PHL and its determinants in Bangladesh's marine fisheries using the Questionnaire Loss Assessment Method (QLAM) based on data collected from 1132 respondents, including fishermen and traders, from October 2019 to March 2021. The results reveal that physical, market, and monetary PHL in marine fisheries are 0.82 %, 6.41 %, and $228.52 per ton, respectively. Annually, the country loses approximately $151 million due to PHL in marine fisheries, with the highest market losses in Snapper, Pomfret, and Hilsa fish. The main reasons for PHL include the duration of fish remain in the net after being caught, insufficient ice, lack of insulated containers and storage facilities, delayed marketing, and oversupply. The study suggests adopting modern harvesting technology, enforcing regulations for scientific gear, and increasing storage capacity at landing and selling points to reduce PHL in marine fisheries.
The spotted snakehead, Channa Punctata is an indigenous freshwater species, widely distributed to... more The spotted snakehead, Channa Punctata is an indigenous freshwater species, widely distributed to Bangladesh. Some biological aspects including length frequency distribution (LFD), length-length relationship (LLR), length weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (KF) and size at sexual maturity of C. Punctata were studied in the Pubkola beel, Patuakhali district. Sampling was carried out occasionally using traditional fishing gear with the help of local fisher during September-November 2019. Total length (TL) and standard length (SL) were measured using a measuring scale and body weight (BW) was measured using an electronic digital balance with 0.01 g accuracy. The LFD was estimated by 2 cm class interval. The LLR and LWRs was estimated by using linear regression and based on natural logarithms respectively. Fulton's condition factor (KF) and size at sexual maturity was calculated by using the different equations. In the present study, the results found that maximum individuals (53.65%) were distributed in the length class of 12.0 to 14.0 cm TL. The LLR between SL and TL indicated positive allometric growth. The LWRs between SL vs. BW and TL vs. BW indicated negative allometric growth. The minimum K F value was found at size 17 cm SL and maximum at 7 cm SL. The K F tended to be lower after 7 cm SL. The size at sexual maturity of this species was 8.02 cm SL. The findings of the present study constitute a baseline for future studies.
Chili is primarily used as spices or minor ingredients in various dishes, spice blends and sauces... more Chili is primarily used as spices or minor ingredients in various dishes, spice blends and sauces. The study was conducted in two chili growing districts, namely Jamalpur and Bogra to examine the postharvest losses and marketing performance of dry chili. The postharvest loss of dry chili was highest in agro-processing industry (BD Foods Ltd.), among farmers and traders level, such as faria, bepari, aratdar, paiker, retailer (dry), company agent, agro-processing industry (BD foods Ltd.), and retailer (powder) level which was Tk.2497per quintal due to dry loss, milling loss, and shortage. The study found that price spread was lower and producer share was higher in value chain-i then the value chain-ii. So value chain-i is more efficient than value chain-ii. Seasonal price variation showed that price of dry chili was found to be minimum in the month of May; it might be due to adequate supply in the market and maximum in the month of January which might be due to non-availability of dry chili.
The study assessed the level of adoption and profitability of wheat varieties at farm level. Data... more The study assessed the level of adoption and profitability of wheat varieties at farm level. Data were collected from Jamalpur Sadar, Islampur and Nokla upazila under the Jamalpur and Sherpur districts which were randomly selected. Total 90 wheat farmers taking 30 farmers from each upazila were selected by random sampling technique. The results indicated that BARI Gom 24(Prodip) was highly adopted variety (28%) followed by BARI Gom 26 (21%), BARI Gom 21(Shatabdi) (16%), BARI Gom 25 (13%), BARI Gom 23 (Bijoy) (8%). The adoption levels of ploughing and fertilizer use were low whereas planting time and irrigation were high. Average total cost per hectare producing Prodip was highest (Tk 54211) followed by BARI Gom 25 (Tk 54192), BARI Gom 26 (Tk 51782), Bijoy (Tk 50425) and Shatabdi (Tk 49323) due to the higher cost of human labour, fertilizers and irrigation cost. The yield of Prodip was highest (3.89 t/ha) followed by BARI Gom 26 (3.67 t/ha), BARI Gom 25 (3.37 t/ha), Shatabdi (3.14 t/ha) and Bijoy (3.04 t/ha). Net return per hectare of Prodip was highest (Tk 15169) followed by BARI Gom 26 (Tk. 13858), Shatabdi (Tk 7307), BARI Gom 25 (Tk 6348) and Bijoy (Tk. 4505). Attacks of rat and bird, non-availability of new variety seeding at proper time and lack of technical knowledge about improved cultivation practices were the major constraints for the adoption of wheat technologies.
The university could play a vital role for the development of the surrounding contact farming com... more The university could play a vital role for the development of the surrounding contact farming community. This study attempts to assess the socioeconomic improvement of the contact farmers through the activities of PSTU (Patuakhali Science and Technology University) one stop service. The study collects primary data from the selected farmers living in the surrounding villages of the university through face to face interview. It is found that most of the farmers (65%) belong to below SSC level education while 42.1% and 29.5% farmers have monthly income from Tk.1000 to Tk. 5000 and Tk.5001 to Tk. 10000 respectively. The PSTU one stop service provided support and services such as seeds, fertilizer, carp fish and training to the contact farmers. However, the results show that farmers have gained positive improvement in terms of knowledge development and livelihood due to the intervention from the PSTU one stop service. It is found that 49% farmers opined that the services from the PSTU are highly significant to change their livelihood positively. Thus, it is crucial to strengthen PSTU one stop service for the betterment of the surrounding community.
Today telecommunications industry is a key indicator of productivity across economies and societi... more Today telecommunications industry is a key indicator of productivity across economies and societies. In recent times, developing nations have witnessed significant transformation within this sector due to the impact it has had on their economies. Higher the degree of competiveness among the brands available to the consumers, higher would be the intensity of brand switching. This research has been conducted in order to examine the factors influencing brand switching in mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been developed a strong base of research. Primary data for research has been collected through an interview schedule from 80 mobile subscribers in Bangladesh. Data were coded and analyzed by using SPSS and Excel. The results of research suggest that service charge is the most influential factor on brand switching in telecommunication sector. Other factors that have been found influential factor on brand switching were poor customer care service of previous operator, occupation and economic circumstances, switching cost, better service availability, wide and strong network. So the mobile operator and other related agencies should provide better service to the customers for reducing brand switching of mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh.
This study was conducted in aims to assess the quantitative and qualitative post-harvest loss of ... more This study was conducted in aims to assess the quantitative and qualitative post-harvest loss of hilsa. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from fishers (n=100) in Mahipur and Patharghata fish landing center. Hilsa fish samples were collected from four different stages (fishermen, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer) of supply chain. The study found that 50% fishers replied their fish has been spoiled 300-600 kg per year, 26% fishers said more than 600 kg and rest of 24% fishers replied it was spoiled less than 300 kg per year. There are so many reasons of post-harvest loss of fish. In this study 54% fish spoiled due to inadequate ice and insulated container, 26% fish spoiled due to high pressure during transportation, 14% fish spoiled because of inadequate storage facility. 24% spoiled by predator fish, 22% spoiled for damage during transportation, 18% for delay marketing, 10% fish spoiled for harmful fishing gear and 6% for long time fishing. The higher quality deterioration occurred when it passed through higher number of supply chain actors. This study revealed that both in Patharghata and Mahipur, better sensory quality with lower defect point (1.22 ± 0.52 and 1.41 ± 0.63) observed in fresh hilsa than other sources. Therefore, improved postharvest handling practices should maintain to minimize the quantitative and qualitative losses of hilsa, thus to achieve food security for fishers and food safety for the consumers in home and abroad.
Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2021
Mungbean is an important indigenous vegetable legume providing protein for the rural and urban po... more Mungbean is an important indigenous vegetable legume providing protein for the rural and urban poor in South and Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to analyze the value chain, determine the value addition at different levels of value chain of mungbean and identify some constraints of mungbean marketing in Bangladesh. Using a structured questionnaire with face to face interviews, 120 samples were surveyed which were collected from Barisal and Patuakhali district of Bangladesh during the period of 2017-18. The stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the sample. This study found that the main actors of mungbean marketing were farmer, arathder, wholesaler, retailer and consumer. The study also revealed that mungbean production was found profitable. The study revealed that the cost of mungbean production of a farmer was Tk 2037/maund on full cost basis and Tk. 1395/maund on cash cost basis. The average gross return of a farmer was Tk. 2472/maund and net return was found Tk. 436/maund on full cost basis and Tk. 1078/maund on cash cost basis. Value addition of arathder and wholesaler was Tk 80/maund and Tk 190/maund respectively and value addition of retailer was Tk 410/maund. In the study area farmers and traders mentioned some problems at production and marketing level such as shortage of capital, lack of labour, insecticides, severe attack of insects, dominance of intermediaries, syndicate, lack of adequate market facility etc. So, government should take proper initiative to solve these problems.
This study is an attempt to examine the prevailing milk supply chain based on primary data collec... more This study is an attempt to examine the prevailing milk supply chain based on primary data collected from 55 respondents, which were purposively and randomly selected from the study area in Dhaka district. The sample included 25 producers, 15 beparies, 10 wholesalers and 5 sweetmeat shops. Milk producers were selected from Keranigonj and Sutrapur Upazilas and traders were selected from wholesale milk market (Rathkhola Bazar).This study found out that the total cost per day per dairy cow was estimated at Tk. 94.16 and net return was calculated at Tk. 78.59. The marketing cost incurred per 100 litre of milk was Tk. 132.63, Tk. 147.50 and Tk. 4726.60 for beparies, wholesalers and sweetmeat shops of the study area respectively. The value addition of per 100 kg of milk of beparies, wholesalers and sweetmeat shops were calculated at Tk. 367.37, Tk. 152.50 and Tk. 1023.40 respectively.
The study was carried out to investigate the pregnancy rate of dairy cattle at first artificial i... more The study was carried out to investigate the pregnancy rate of dairy cattle at first artificial insemination (AI). In this study, we considered breed, age parity, body condition, cow in milk or dry, feeding category and open period as a probable influencing factor for pregnancy. Depending on the relative quantitative contribution of these factors on fertility, some suggestions regarding fertility improvement of cow in the AI services were implied. The fertility data on a total of 450 cows were exploited in the experiment to investigate the effect of breed, age parity, body condition, cow in milk or dry, feeding category and open period. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that pregnancy rate was greatly affected by (P<0.05) age significantly (P<0.01) affected by feeding parity, body weight and milking. However, no other factors exerted significant effect on cow pregnancy rate. The results of the present study suggested that among factors, feeding sufficient amount of...
The present study has been under taken to examine supply chain of mud crab and to identify socioe... more The present study has been under taken to examine supply chain of mud crab and to identify socioeconomic characteristics of crab collectors. The study finds out that the main actors of mud crab in Bangladesh are collectors, faria, depot owners, suppliers, exporters, fatteners, local consumer, commission agents and dokandar. The marketing channel involved collector, fattener, depot owner, supplier and exporter. The wild collectors play an important role in the sense that they collect 63 per cent of the total crabs from Sundarban areas. Commission agents charged commission @ Tk. 2 per kg of crab The findings shows that respondents of Khulna were more educated that of Satkhira. 25% percent of the collectors had secondary education in Khulna while it was only 15% in Satkhira. The findings also shows that most of the crab collectors (60%) and (65%) in Khulna and Satkhira districts lived in mud walled with golpata shed respectively, whereas 5% of them lived in wooden walled with tin shed ...
The study was conducted to determine the selected commercial practises applying of broiler farmer... more The study was conducted to determine the selected commercial practises applying of broiler farmers, broiler profitability, resource productivity and the problems faced by farmers involved with broiler production. Two broiler producing districts namely Sirajgonj and Gazipur were selected purposively and two Upazilas from each district Sreepur and Joydevpur in Gazipur , Shahajadpur and Ullahpara in Sirajgonj were selected on the basis of concentration of broiler production. The sample size was 96 and distributed homogenously (24 samples) in each Upazila. Most farmers used mixed feeds in broiler production to maintain proper proportion of feed ingredients and to minimize cost, the average weight of a bird was recorded to be 1.71 kg and feed intake was 3.36 kg per bird for 33.95 days. The cost of feed was the principal item of expenditure and accounted for 66.1 percent of total cost, followed by the cost of chicks (20.35%). The broiler farms commercially viable as the BCRs were 1.23 and...
Performance Evaluation and Ratio Analysis of Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh, 2021
The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most advanced technology sectors in the w... more The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most advanced technology sectors in the world, supplying 97% of the total drug demand in the local market.This study is an attempt to examine the performance evaluation of pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh throughliquidity ratio, asset management ratio and profitability ratio. Data have been collected from 10 pharmaceuticals companiesfrom 2012 to 2016based on profitability and market share. The study revealed that the highest (6.34) and lowest(0.87) current ratiowere achieved by Square Pharmaceuticals and IbnSina Pharmaceuticals in 2016. In 2016, 2015, 2014 the Square Pharmaceuticals had the highest quick ratio. This study shows that the cash ratio of Square Pharmaceuticals is increasing year on year but other 9 companies have cash ratio less than 1 which means the company needs more than its cash reserves to pay off current debt.The study also found that the highest net profit margin was earned by Active Pharmaceutical in 2016. From 2012 to 2016, Marico Company's net income and total assets increased continuously. The study revealed that the return on common stock equity of Marico Bangladesh was comparatively high. Active Pharmaceuticals showed the highest operating profit margin ratio in 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012. To increase profitability, it is essential to maintain the discount, good relation with the customer, good communication, reduce cost of goods sold, need to increase return on asset and increase net profit and reduce total asset, increase profit per share and decrease equity and increase debt.
The marine fishing industry is considered as one of Bangladesh's most important contributors to t... more The marine fishing industry is considered as one of Bangladesh's most important contributors to the nation's economy. The post-harvest losses of marine fish have a substantial impact on the contribution of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess post-harvest losses of marine fish at fishermen level and to identify the factors that influence post-harvest losses. In-person interviews were conducted in two coastal divisions of Bangladesh to collect data from 643 fishermen, which was then analyzed using multiple regression models. Results showed that the total post-harvest losses of marine fish in Bangladesh were 17.75 % of total caught, with physical and market losses accounting for 9.86 % and 90.14 %, respectively. The use of inadequate ice and uninsulated containers was estimated to increase post-harvest losses of marine fish by 40 %, all else being equal. Earning members, inadequate storage, longer time attached to the net, delayed marketing, and tide pressure were statistically significant and positively correlated with post-harvest losses, whereas family members and fish finder were negatively associated with post-harvest losses. This study thus recommends that those who harvest marine fish should be aware of the parameters they choose that affect post-harvest losses.
Existing literature highlights significant income loss due to Post-Harvest Loss (PHL) across the ... more Existing literature highlights significant income loss due to Post-Harvest Loss (PHL) across the fisheries value chain in developing countries like Bangladesh. This is attributed to inappropriate fishing tools, poor infrastructure, inadequate storage facilities, and inefficient transportation. This study estimated PHL and its determinants in Bangladesh's marine fisheries using the Questionnaire Loss Assessment Method (QLAM) based on data collected from 1132 respondents, including fishermen and traders, from October 2019 to March 2021. The results reveal that physical, market, and monetary PHL in marine fisheries are 0.82 %, 6.41 %, and $228.52 per ton, respectively. Annually, the country loses approximately $151 million due to PHL in marine fisheries, with the highest market losses in Snapper, Pomfret, and Hilsa fish. The main reasons for PHL include the duration of fish remain in the net after being caught, insufficient ice, lack of insulated containers and storage facilities, delayed marketing, and oversupply. The study suggests adopting modern harvesting technology, enforcing regulations for scientific gear, and increasing storage capacity at landing and selling points to reduce PHL in marine fisheries.
The spotted snakehead, Channa Punctata is an indigenous freshwater species, widely distributed to... more The spotted snakehead, Channa Punctata is an indigenous freshwater species, widely distributed to Bangladesh. Some biological aspects including length frequency distribution (LFD), length-length relationship (LLR), length weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (KF) and size at sexual maturity of C. Punctata were studied in the Pubkola beel, Patuakhali district. Sampling was carried out occasionally using traditional fishing gear with the help of local fisher during September-November 2019. Total length (TL) and standard length (SL) were measured using a measuring scale and body weight (BW) was measured using an electronic digital balance with 0.01 g accuracy. The LFD was estimated by 2 cm class interval. The LLR and LWRs was estimated by using linear regression and based on natural logarithms respectively. Fulton's condition factor (KF) and size at sexual maturity was calculated by using the different equations. In the present study, the results found that maximum individuals (53.65%) were distributed in the length class of 12.0 to 14.0 cm TL. The LLR between SL and TL indicated positive allometric growth. The LWRs between SL vs. BW and TL vs. BW indicated negative allometric growth. The minimum K F value was found at size 17 cm SL and maximum at 7 cm SL. The K F tended to be lower after 7 cm SL. The size at sexual maturity of this species was 8.02 cm SL. The findings of the present study constitute a baseline for future studies.
Chili is primarily used as spices or minor ingredients in various dishes, spice blends and sauces... more Chili is primarily used as spices or minor ingredients in various dishes, spice blends and sauces. The study was conducted in two chili growing districts, namely Jamalpur and Bogra to examine the postharvest losses and marketing performance of dry chili. The postharvest loss of dry chili was highest in agro-processing industry (BD Foods Ltd.), among farmers and traders level, such as faria, bepari, aratdar, paiker, retailer (dry), company agent, agro-processing industry (BD foods Ltd.), and retailer (powder) level which was Tk.2497per quintal due to dry loss, milling loss, and shortage. The study found that price spread was lower and producer share was higher in value chain-i then the value chain-ii. So value chain-i is more efficient than value chain-ii. Seasonal price variation showed that price of dry chili was found to be minimum in the month of May; it might be due to adequate supply in the market and maximum in the month of January which might be due to non-availability of dry chili.
The study assessed the level of adoption and profitability of wheat varieties at farm level. Data... more The study assessed the level of adoption and profitability of wheat varieties at farm level. Data were collected from Jamalpur Sadar, Islampur and Nokla upazila under the Jamalpur and Sherpur districts which were randomly selected. Total 90 wheat farmers taking 30 farmers from each upazila were selected by random sampling technique. The results indicated that BARI Gom 24(Prodip) was highly adopted variety (28%) followed by BARI Gom 26 (21%), BARI Gom 21(Shatabdi) (16%), BARI Gom 25 (13%), BARI Gom 23 (Bijoy) (8%). The adoption levels of ploughing and fertilizer use were low whereas planting time and irrigation were high. Average total cost per hectare producing Prodip was highest (Tk 54211) followed by BARI Gom 25 (Tk 54192), BARI Gom 26 (Tk 51782), Bijoy (Tk 50425) and Shatabdi (Tk 49323) due to the higher cost of human labour, fertilizers and irrigation cost. The yield of Prodip was highest (3.89 t/ha) followed by BARI Gom 26 (3.67 t/ha), BARI Gom 25 (3.37 t/ha), Shatabdi (3.14 t/ha) and Bijoy (3.04 t/ha). Net return per hectare of Prodip was highest (Tk 15169) followed by BARI Gom 26 (Tk. 13858), Shatabdi (Tk 7307), BARI Gom 25 (Tk 6348) and Bijoy (Tk. 4505). Attacks of rat and bird, non-availability of new variety seeding at proper time and lack of technical knowledge about improved cultivation practices were the major constraints for the adoption of wheat technologies.
The university could play a vital role for the development of the surrounding contact farming com... more The university could play a vital role for the development of the surrounding contact farming community. This study attempts to assess the socioeconomic improvement of the contact farmers through the activities of PSTU (Patuakhali Science and Technology University) one stop service. The study collects primary data from the selected farmers living in the surrounding villages of the university through face to face interview. It is found that most of the farmers (65%) belong to below SSC level education while 42.1% and 29.5% farmers have monthly income from Tk.1000 to Tk. 5000 and Tk.5001 to Tk. 10000 respectively. The PSTU one stop service provided support and services such as seeds, fertilizer, carp fish and training to the contact farmers. However, the results show that farmers have gained positive improvement in terms of knowledge development and livelihood due to the intervention from the PSTU one stop service. It is found that 49% farmers opined that the services from the PSTU are highly significant to change their livelihood positively. Thus, it is crucial to strengthen PSTU one stop service for the betterment of the surrounding community.
Today telecommunications industry is a key indicator of productivity across economies and societi... more Today telecommunications industry is a key indicator of productivity across economies and societies. In recent times, developing nations have witnessed significant transformation within this sector due to the impact it has had on their economies. Higher the degree of competiveness among the brands available to the consumers, higher would be the intensity of brand switching. This research has been conducted in order to examine the factors influencing brand switching in mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been developed a strong base of research. Primary data for research has been collected through an interview schedule from 80 mobile subscribers in Bangladesh. Data were coded and analyzed by using SPSS and Excel. The results of research suggest that service charge is the most influential factor on brand switching in telecommunication sector. Other factors that have been found influential factor on brand switching were poor customer care service of previous operator, occupation and economic circumstances, switching cost, better service availability, wide and strong network. So the mobile operator and other related agencies should provide better service to the customers for reducing brand switching of mobile telecommunication industry in Bangladesh.
This study was conducted in aims to assess the quantitative and qualitative post-harvest loss of ... more This study was conducted in aims to assess the quantitative and qualitative post-harvest loss of hilsa. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from fishers (n=100) in Mahipur and Patharghata fish landing center. Hilsa fish samples were collected from four different stages (fishermen, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer) of supply chain. The study found that 50% fishers replied their fish has been spoiled 300-600 kg per year, 26% fishers said more than 600 kg and rest of 24% fishers replied it was spoiled less than 300 kg per year. There are so many reasons of post-harvest loss of fish. In this study 54% fish spoiled due to inadequate ice and insulated container, 26% fish spoiled due to high pressure during transportation, 14% fish spoiled because of inadequate storage facility. 24% spoiled by predator fish, 22% spoiled for damage during transportation, 18% for delay marketing, 10% fish spoiled for harmful fishing gear and 6% for long time fishing. The higher quality deterioration occurred when it passed through higher number of supply chain actors. This study revealed that both in Patharghata and Mahipur, better sensory quality with lower defect point (1.22 ± 0.52 and 1.41 ± 0.63) observed in fresh hilsa than other sources. Therefore, improved postharvest handling practices should maintain to minimize the quantitative and qualitative losses of hilsa, thus to achieve food security for fishers and food safety for the consumers in home and abroad.
Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2021
Mungbean is an important indigenous vegetable legume providing protein for the rural and urban po... more Mungbean is an important indigenous vegetable legume providing protein for the rural and urban poor in South and Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to analyze the value chain, determine the value addition at different levels of value chain of mungbean and identify some constraints of mungbean marketing in Bangladesh. Using a structured questionnaire with face to face interviews, 120 samples were surveyed which were collected from Barisal and Patuakhali district of Bangladesh during the period of 2017-18. The stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the sample. This study found that the main actors of mungbean marketing were farmer, arathder, wholesaler, retailer and consumer. The study also revealed that mungbean production was found profitable. The study revealed that the cost of mungbean production of a farmer was Tk 2037/maund on full cost basis and Tk. 1395/maund on cash cost basis. The average gross return of a farmer was Tk. 2472/maund and net return was found Tk. 436/maund on full cost basis and Tk. 1078/maund on cash cost basis. Value addition of arathder and wholesaler was Tk 80/maund and Tk 190/maund respectively and value addition of retailer was Tk 410/maund. In the study area farmers and traders mentioned some problems at production and marketing level such as shortage of capital, lack of labour, insecticides, severe attack of insects, dominance of intermediaries, syndicate, lack of adequate market facility etc. So, government should take proper initiative to solve these problems.
This study is an attempt to examine the prevailing milk supply chain based on primary data collec... more This study is an attempt to examine the prevailing milk supply chain based on primary data collected from 55 respondents, which were purposively and randomly selected from the study area in Dhaka district. The sample included 25 producers, 15 beparies, 10 wholesalers and 5 sweetmeat shops. Milk producers were selected from Keranigonj and Sutrapur Upazilas and traders were selected from wholesale milk market (Rathkhola Bazar).This study found out that the total cost per day per dairy cow was estimated at Tk. 94.16 and net return was calculated at Tk. 78.59. The marketing cost incurred per 100 litre of milk was Tk. 132.63, Tk. 147.50 and Tk. 4726.60 for beparies, wholesalers and sweetmeat shops of the study area respectively. The value addition of per 100 kg of milk of beparies, wholesalers and sweetmeat shops were calculated at Tk. 367.37, Tk. 152.50 and Tk. 1023.40 respectively.
The study was carried out to investigate the pregnancy rate of dairy cattle at first artificial i... more The study was carried out to investigate the pregnancy rate of dairy cattle at first artificial insemination (AI). In this study, we considered breed, age parity, body condition, cow in milk or dry, feeding category and open period as a probable influencing factor for pregnancy. Depending on the relative quantitative contribution of these factors on fertility, some suggestions regarding fertility improvement of cow in the AI services were implied. The fertility data on a total of 450 cows were exploited in the experiment to investigate the effect of breed, age parity, body condition, cow in milk or dry, feeding category and open period. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that pregnancy rate was greatly affected by (P<0.05) age significantly (P<0.01) affected by feeding parity, body weight and milking. However, no other factors exerted significant effect on cow pregnancy rate. The results of the present study suggested that among factors, feeding sufficient amount of...
The present study has been under taken to examine supply chain of mud crab and to identify socioe... more The present study has been under taken to examine supply chain of mud crab and to identify socioeconomic characteristics of crab collectors. The study finds out that the main actors of mud crab in Bangladesh are collectors, faria, depot owners, suppliers, exporters, fatteners, local consumer, commission agents and dokandar. The marketing channel involved collector, fattener, depot owner, supplier and exporter. The wild collectors play an important role in the sense that they collect 63 per cent of the total crabs from Sundarban areas. Commission agents charged commission @ Tk. 2 per kg of crab The findings shows that respondents of Khulna were more educated that of Satkhira. 25% percent of the collectors had secondary education in Khulna while it was only 15% in Satkhira. The findings also shows that most of the crab collectors (60%) and (65%) in Khulna and Satkhira districts lived in mud walled with golpata shed respectively, whereas 5% of them lived in wooden walled with tin shed ...
The study was conducted to determine the selected commercial practises applying of broiler farmer... more The study was conducted to determine the selected commercial practises applying of broiler farmers, broiler profitability, resource productivity and the problems faced by farmers involved with broiler production. Two broiler producing districts namely Sirajgonj and Gazipur were selected purposively and two Upazilas from each district Sreepur and Joydevpur in Gazipur , Shahajadpur and Ullahpara in Sirajgonj were selected on the basis of concentration of broiler production. The sample size was 96 and distributed homogenously (24 samples) in each Upazila. Most farmers used mixed feeds in broiler production to maintain proper proportion of feed ingredients and to minimize cost, the average weight of a bird was recorded to be 1.71 kg and feed intake was 3.36 kg per bird for 33.95 days. The cost of feed was the principal item of expenditure and accounted for 66.1 percent of total cost, followed by the cost of chicks (20.35%). The broiler farms commercially viable as the BCRs were 1.23 and...
Performance Evaluation and Ratio Analysis of Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh, 2021
The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most advanced technology sectors in the w... more The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most advanced technology sectors in the world, supplying 97% of the total drug demand in the local market.This study is an attempt to examine the performance evaluation of pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh throughliquidity ratio, asset management ratio and profitability ratio. Data have been collected from 10 pharmaceuticals companiesfrom 2012 to 2016based on profitability and market share. The study revealed that the highest (6.34) and lowest(0.87) current ratiowere achieved by Square Pharmaceuticals and IbnSina Pharmaceuticals in 2016. In 2016, 2015, 2014 the Square Pharmaceuticals had the highest quick ratio. This study shows that the cash ratio of Square Pharmaceuticals is increasing year on year but other 9 companies have cash ratio less than 1 which means the company needs more than its cash reserves to pay off current debt.The study also found that the highest net profit margin was earned by Active Pharmaceutical in 2016. From 2012 to 2016, Marico Company's net income and total assets increased continuously. The study revealed that the return on common stock equity of Marico Bangladesh was comparatively high. Active Pharmaceuticals showed the highest operating profit margin ratio in 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012. To increase profitability, it is essential to maintain the discount, good relation with the customer, good communication, reduce cost of goods sold, need to increase return on asset and increase net profit and reduce total asset, increase profit per share and decrease equity and increase debt.
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Papers by Dr. Anup Kumar Mandal