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O'

Photographias
de
F. A. F I D A N Z A

i l

Rttty
i/K

r
tmr**-, w, / i \ 71

2 Tenreiro A r a n h o
i Dr. S i l v r i o N e r y

3 Escudo Oficial do A m a z o n a s

Actual Governador do Estado do Amazonas

6 Dr. T h a u m a t u r g o

5 Dr. E d u a r d o Ribeiro
Ex-Governador

Ex-Governador

f u n d a d o r da Provncia do Amazonas

4 Coronel

Ramalho

Ex-Governador

7 Dr. Fileto Pires

Ex-Governador

Monumento do Amazonas

^tlplipplllitfKSa
fSSS 'xtyjfiS&.l&foM

'mmmmzmrn
IfSPlilW
P a y s a g e m na Cachoeirinha. Rio Negro

Theatro Amazonas (Lado Posterior)

Theatro Amazonas

Theatro Amazonas. Sala de espectculos

iliiiMiittu Mflim"'

mm.
f

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Palacio de J u s t i a

10

Palacio de Justia. Sala de entrada

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Palacio de Justia. Vestbulo

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Tribunal

19

li

li

S a l a do jury no Palacio de Justia

Panorama Geral da Cidade

Batalho

Estadual

Jardim do Palacio do Governo (Lado nascente)

Itaquatira. A m a z o n a s
rie.d:ttlt
5i

Estaminei. Casa Havaneza

Residencia do Governador do Estado

Edifcios Commerciaes

Estabelecimento de J. Ferreira Villas Boas

56

Quartel dos Bombeiros Voluntrios

58

U m a p a y s a g e m de M a n o s

Plano inclinado

63

Ancoradouro. Rio Negro

Panorama de uma parte da Cidade tirado do Edifcio dos

na Cachoeirinha

i iiiMani ii i

in iii

ii

tagfi si^igaggglF^ jjsgP*1

P r a a da Saudade
68

Avenida Eduardo Ribeiro. Edifcios Commerciaes

Edifcio da Redaco do Dirio Official

vl

i
n

Rua Municipal

Rua do Thesouro

76

Pedreira. Rio Negro

7!)

Um dos Jardins da Praa da Matriz

Rua Barroso

Rua Municipal. Uma ponte

Praa da Matriz e parte do Ancoradouro do Rio Negro

Avenida Epaminondas

Vista. Na Cachoeirinha

IOO

Rua Henrique Martins

Rua dos Andrades

101

Uma paysagem na Cachoeira Grande

Praa do Qeneral Osorio

io5

Paysagem no Igarap da Cachoeira Qrande

no

Trapiche da Recebedoria

iii

iift1 "i

-ri /

Olaria do Sr. Andresen

n3

Cachoeira Grande. Casa de machinas

Praa da Constituio

114

Salo de Honra do Theatro Amazonas

116

IflUIIII

ADMINISTRAO

PROJECTO
DO EDIFCIO

DESTINADO

AO

DO EX~ S .

Vefi Wtmfytti itfp.

CONGRESSO

amazonas

FACHADA

PRINCIPAL

Projecto do novo Palacio do Governo (Em construco)

Projecto do edifcio do Congresso

118

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JAMAMADIS

MAHAUAS

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CAMAMRYS

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Carta do Estado do Amazonas

n9

ADMINISTRAO
0?

EDUARDO

GONALVES

00
RI8EIR0

C A li T A
C a d a s t r a l da Cidade e A r r a b a l d e s

evaiilada pelo engi-nliuii-o militar

JOO MIGUEL RIBAS
Kkfflla II.

sorte

lkgenua

Carta cadastral da cidade e arrabaldes de Manos

M
IO
O

de

O Estado do Amazonas

L'Etat de PAmazones

The State of the Amazon

ODO o trabalho minucioso que, de

im^i momento, se empreliendesse levar
a cabo sobre a regio do Amazonas se tornaria redundancia, pois
que difficil, seno impossivel, ser
irmanar o que, sobre o assumpto, deixou traado esse preclaro espirito de investigador e
fecunda penna de litterato que foi o malogrado
Baro de Sant'Anna JSTery to cedo roubado
aos carinhos dos seus e ao explendor das
lettras patrias.
Le Pays des Amazones bem a monographia completa d'esta regio encantada que o
seu auctor escreveu com corao de filho
amantssimo, com fogos de enamorado enthusiasta, em rasgos, emfim, de verdadeiro
artista. Na impossibilidade de egualal-o,
resta, pois, a quem tenha de escrever sobre
o Amazonas, haurir n'elle o muito que de
precioso encerram as suas paginas, e, com
os materiaes que l superabundam, realisar
obra que, emfim, melhor se preste s condies de trabalho exigidas, mas sempre na
certeza de que far obra inferior, de que a
copia jamais rastejar pelo original.
Com a conscincia disto mesmo foi traada
a presente parte descriptiva do lbum do
Estado do Amazonas; e tambm de que,
inspirada quasi sempre, no que se refere a
dados precisos, no trabalho do mestre, pouco
mais representar do que pallido reflexo
d'esse trabalho.

vUcun travail sur la rgion de 1'Amazones ne saurait surpasser, ni

/mme galer, celui que craTesprit
investigateur et la plume fconde
du littrateur qui fut le baron de
Sant' Anna JSTery, trop tt enlev 1'affection des siens et la splendeur des lettres
de sa patrie.
Le Pays de TAmazones est certainement la monograpliie la plus complte de cette
rgion charmeresse, que 1'auteur a dcrite en
traits qui sont d'un vritable artiste; avec le
coeur d'un fils aimant et le feu d'un enthousiaste amoureux. Dans 1'impossibilit de produire une oeuvre comparable, il ne reste
celui qui doit crire sur 1'Amazones, qu'
relire cette oeuvre superbe, s'imprgner de
ce qu'on y rencontre de prcieux et
s'approprier les matriaux qui y surabondent : il pourra produire alors un travail
qui cadre avec les besoins du prsent ouvrage; mais toujours avec la certitude de
sou infriorit comme copie d'un chef-d'oeuvre
original.

^o work on the region of the Amazons could surpass,nor even equal,

that created by the investigative
^ mind, and ready pen of that clever
writer, the Baron de Sant' Anna Nery,
alas! too early removed from the affection
of his friends, and from the splendour of the
literature of his country.
" The Country of the Amazons" is certainly
a complete monography of this fascinating
region, which the author has described in
terms of a veritable artist; with the heart of a
loving son, and with ali the fire of an enraptured enthusiast.
In the impossibility to produce a work comparable to this, ali that remains to him who is
called upon to write about the Amazons, is to
read over again this superb work, and to impregnate himself with the most precious of
what is to be met with there, and to appropriate
to himself the superabundant materiais it-eontains; he might then produce a writing which
would respond to the neeessities of the present
work; butalways with the certitude of its inferiority as a copy of an original chef-d'oeuvre.
It is in this state of mind, that the editing
of the descriptive parts for the lbum do
Estado do Amazonas was undertaken.
Nearly always the inspiration as regards
precise information, is drawn from that
master-piece, of which this will be but a pale
reflection.

C'est dans cet tat de conscience, que fut

entreprise la rdaction de la partie descriptive de Vlbum do Estado do Amazonas;
presque toujours 1'inspiration, en ce qui concerne les donnes prcises, est puise
1'ouvrage du maitre, dont celui-ci ne sera
qu'un ple reflet.

I
Geographia physica c politica.
O Amazonas e seus tributrios. Principaes cidades
e povoaes. Commercio
e Industria. Populao.

Geography, physical and politicai. The Amazon and its

confluents. Chief towns
and inhabitants. Commeree
and Industry. Population.

Gograpliie pliysique et politique. L'Amazones et ses

affluents. Villes et peuplades principales. Commeree
' et industrie. Population.

te

>

Estado do Amazonas, propriamente dito, mde 1,897,027 kilometros quadrados de superfcie,

ou sejam 36o lguas de Norte a Sul
e 3oo de Este a Oeste. Melhor se
haver ida de to extraordinarias propores
dizendo-se que mais vasto, elle s, do que a
Inglaterra e Irlanda, a Frana, a Allemanha,
a Italia, a Blgica e Portugal reunidos (1).
Apresenta a frma geometrica de um pentgono irregular, limitando-o, pelo Norte, a
Guyana ingleza e as republicas de Venezuela
e da Columbia; pelo Sul, a republica da Bolivia e o Estado de Matto-Grosso; pelo Este,
a Guyana hollandeza e o Estado do Par; e,
pelo Oeste, as republicas do Equador e do
Per.
Acha-se situado entre o 5io de latitude
Norte e o 10 parallelo Sul; o 69 circulo
mximo Este e o 75 Oeste.
(1) Superfcie da Inglaterra e Irlanda .
Frana

>

>
>

1'Etat de l'AmafE%|3j zones proprement dite est de

1*897,027 kilomtres carrs; soit
^wjjfj+c 36o lieues du Nord au Sud, et
3oo lieues de l'Est TOuest. On se figurera mieux ces proportions extraordinaires,
en disant, qu'il est plus vaste lui seul, que
l'Angleterre,l'Irlande, la France, l'Allemagne,
l'Italie, la Belgique et le Portugal runis (1).
II offre la forme gomtrique d'un pentagone
irrgulier, limit au Nord par la Guyane
Anglaise et les Rpubliques de Ynzuela et
de la Colombie; au Sud par la Republique de
Bolivie et 1'tat de Matto-Grosso; Fst
par la Guyane Hollandaise et par 1'tat du
Para; et l'Ouest par les Rpubliques de
l'quateur et du Prou.
II est situe entre le 5o 10' de latitude Nord
et le ioe parallle Sud; le 59 du cercle maximum Est et le 75O Ouest.
(1) Surface de l'Angleterre et de 1'Irlande .

Allemanha

539,737 >

Italia

276,322

528,401

Estado do Amazonas .

Differena em favor do Amazonas

1," 81,444
1,897,027

.
.

115,583 >

la France

314,952
528,401

klm2

HE superfice of the Amazon State

[ W t o S ) actual is : 1,897,027 square kiloViMMfr/ ^eters, viz, 36o leagues from North
to South, and 3oo leagues from East
to West. One can better judge of
these extraordinary proportions, by saying
that it is as vast in itself, as England, Ireland, France, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal
united (1).
It presents the form of an irregular geometrical pentagon, bounded on the North by
British Guiana, the Venezuela and Colombian Republics; on the South by the Bolivian
Republic and the Matto-Grosso State; on
the East by JDutcli Guiana and the Para
State; and on the West by the Ecuador and
Peruvian States.
It is situated between 5io latitude North,
and ioe parallel South; ocf of the circle maximum East, and 75 West.
314,052 kil2

(1) Surface of England and Ireland

France

528,401

Germany

539,737

Italy

276,322

1'AUemagne

539,737

1'Italie

176,322

la Belgique

29,457

Belgium

29,457

du Portugal et ses iles

92,575

Portugal and its Isles

92,575 -

1,781,444

de 1'tat dei'Amazones

1,897,027

The Amazon State

Diffrence en faveur de 1'Amazones

115.583

29,457 >
92.575

Blgica
Portugal e ilhas adjacentes.
Total.

314,952 klm 2

su P er ^ c ^ e

1,781,444
Ditference in favour of the Amazon

1,897,027 -*
.

115,583 >

E' o mais vasto dos vinte Estados de que

se compoe a Unio Brasileira e, graas sua
situao geograpliica, verdadeiramente privilegiada, offerece como que um centro natural
de communicaoes entre o restante territorio
do Brasil e as republicas no-hespanholas da
America do Sul,
Assim que, pelo Estado de Matto-Grosso,
quasi se aclia ligado ao grande esturio de La
Plata: pelo Equador e o Per, entra em contacto com o Oceano Pacifico; pela Columbia
communica com o istlimo de Panam; pelo
Cassiquiare, depois de percorrer o Orenoco,
com o mar das Antilhas, e, finalmente, para
o Oceano Atlntico, o proprio rio Amazonas
que llie abre as portas.
Constitue o Amazonas, ou Rio-Mar, a mais
vasta das bacias fluviaes, no s da America
como do mundo inteiro. Divergem os auctores
nos clculos exactos relativamente sua
superfcie. Achava-se ella avaliada em 4 milhes de kilometros quadrados, porm Elise
Reclus, assigna-lhe 5,594,000 kilometros,
Maury d-lhe 2,048,480 milhas quadradas, e,
finalmente,oDr. Alis Bludau 2,722,000 milhas.
Segundo este ultimo a [bacia do Amazonas
occupa, sua parte, superfcie quasi egual
occupada, conjunctamente, pelos rios Mississipi, da Prata e Orenoco.
Nasce o rio Amazonas no antigo lago YauriCocha, hoje denominado Lauri-Cocha, nas
altas regies do Per, na vertente da Cordilheira dos Andes e, ahi, em seu bero, deslisa
como modesto filo d'agua sob o nome de Alto
Maranho, ou primitivamente, Tunguragua.

C'est le plus vaste des vingt Etats qui forment TUnion Brsilienne; et grce sa sitution gographique, vraiment privilgie, il se
prsente comme le centre naturel des rapports
entre les autres territoires' du Brsil et les
Rpubliques no-espagnoles de 1'Amrique
du Sud.
C'est ainsi que, du ct de Matto-Grosso, il
confinepresqueaugrandestuaire du La Plata;
1'Equateur et le Prou le mettent en contact
avec l'Ocan Pacifique; il communique avec
1'isthme de Panama par la Colombie et par
le Cassiquiar, la mer des Antilles, aprs
avoir long l'Ornoque; enfin, 1'Amazones lui
ouvre l'Ocan Atlantique.
L'Amazones ou fleuve-mer est le plus vaste
bassin fluvial, non seulement de 1'Amrique,
mais du monde entier. Les cal cu Is des auteurs
concernant sa superfcie, ne sont pas d'accord.
On 1'value 4 millions de kilomtres carrs; mais Elise Reclus estime qu'il couvre
5,594,000 kilomtres carrs; Maury 2,048,480
milles carrs et enfin le docteur Alis Bludau
lui donne 2,722,000 milles.
Ce dernier estime que le bassin de l'Amazones couvre lui seul, une superfcie presque
gale au total des bassins du Mississipi, du
La Plata et de 1'Ornoque runis.
L'Amazones prend sa source dans l'ancien
lac Yauri-Cocha, appel maintenant LauriCocha et qui se trouve dans les hautes rgions
du Prou, entre les Andes et les Corilillres;
c'est l que tout petit, sortant de son berceau,
il glisse, 'humble filet d'eau, sous le nom
d'Alto Maranho ou jadis Tunguragua. Mais

It is the largest of the twenty States whicli

form the Brazilian Union; and owing to its
privileged geographical situation, it forms a
natural centre of communication betvveen the
other territories of Brazil, and the neo-Spanish Republics of South America.
It is thus on the Matto-Grosso side, it is
almost bordering, on the great La Plata.
estuary; Ecuador and Peru put it in contact
witli the Pacific Ocean; it communicates with
the Panama isthmus by Colombia and the
Cassiquiare, and after skirtiDg the Orinoco,
with the Antilles sea, always extending, till
finally it opens on the Atlantic Ocean.
The Amazon or Sea-River, is the largest
fluvial basin, not only of America, but of the
whole world. Authors differ in tlieir calculation as to the area of its surface. It has been
estimated at 4 000 000 square kilometers;
but Elise Reclus calculates that it covers
5,594,000 square kilometers, wliile Maury
puts it down at 2,048,480 square miles, and
finally D1' Alis Bludau gives it 2,722,000
miles.
In the opinion of the last writer, the basin
of the Amazon itself covers a superfices the
total of which is nearly equal to the basins of
the Mississipi, La Plata, and the Orinoco
combined.
The Amazon takes its source in the ancient
Yauri-Cocha, now called the Lami-Cocha
Lake, in the high regions of Peru, between
Andes and Cordilleras; it is there quite
small, springing from its cradle, it glides a
humble stream of water, under the name of

A breve trecho, porm, entram de engrossarllie a corrente, de mais em mais volumosa,

innumeros riachos, affluentes, confluentes,
furos, paranas, igaraps, etc., elle proprio
atravessa vrios pongos, sendo o mais notvel o Pongo de Manseriche, e, ento j caudalosissimo, apoz atravessar a America Meridional, no sentido Oeste-Este, e n'uma
extenso de cerca de 6,000 kilometros, dos
quaes dois teros em territorio brasileiro, o
Amazonas vem banhar este Estado e o do
Par, e, reunido ao Tocantins, acaba por
precipitar-se no Oceano Atlntico com violncia tal que as suas aguas possantes formam,
dentro das d'este, um largo mar de agua doce
que mede mais de 200 kilometros.
E'considerabilissima a massa d'essas aguas,
havendo Martius calculado que correm na
proporo de 499,584 ps cbicos por segundo,
e que, na sua foz, cuja largura de i58 milhas, o rio Amazonas despeja no Atlntico
25o milhes de metros cbicos de agua por
hora, com uma velocidade de 3 milhas. O
Mississipi, escreve Elise Reclus, precipita
quatro ou cinco vezes menos agua e lama, e,
segundo o mesmo geographo, nenhum outro
rio lana no Oceano tanta alluvio, pois da
quantidade enorme de despojos que elle
arrasta pode fazer-se ida calculando que,
pelo menos, formariam um solido de 110 kilometros quadrados de superfcie por 10 metros
de espessura.
Verdadeiro oceano de agua doce, acha-se o
Rio-Mar semeado de ilhotas fluctuantes e de

bientt grossissant, sou courant devient de

plus en plus volumineux, grce d'innombrables rivires, affluents, furos , paranas ,
igaraps , etc., qui s'y dversent. Lui-mme
traverse plusieurs pongos , dont le plus
important est lePongo de Manseriche; dj
trs volumineux alors, 1'Amazones, aprs avoir
travers 1'Amrique mridionale, se dirige de
rOuestversl'Estetvient, sur une tendue d'environ 6,000 kilomtres, dont les deux tiers sur
territoire brsilien, baigner l'Etat auquel il a
donn son nom et celui du Para; enfin, aprs
s'tre joint au Tocantins, il finit par se lancer
dans l'Ocan Atlantique avec une imptuosit
telle, que ses eaux sombres y forment une
vaste mer d'eau douce, mesurant plus de
200 kilomtres.
Son courant forme une masse norme.
Martius l'a valu environ 499584 pieds
cubes par seconde; il acalculqu' son embouchure,large de i58 milles,l'Amazones dverse
dans l'Ocan Atlantique 25omillions demtres
cubes d'eau l'heure, avec une rapidit de
3 milles. Le Mississipi, crit Elise Reclus,
dverse quatre ou cinq fois moins d'eau et de
fange, et ce mme gographe estime qu'aucun
autre fleuve n'entraine dans 1'oean une telle
quantit d'alluvion. Pour se faire une ide de
la masse de dpouilles qu'il entraine, qu'on se
figure qu'elle pourrait former un bloc de
110 kilomtres carrs de superfcie et de
10 mtres d'paisseur.
Ainsi qu'un ocan d'eau douce, le fleuve-mer
estparsem d'ilots flottants et d'iles immenses,
telles que l'le de Maraj, son embouchure

the Alto Maranho, known formerly as the

Tunguragua. But soon increasing in size,
its current becomes more and more voluminous, owing to innumerable rivers, afluents,
" furos ", " paranas ", " igaraps
etc.,
which join it; the Amazon itself runs through
several " pongos " of which the most important is the " Pongo of Manseriche " ; already
very large, the Amazon, after crossing South
America from West to East, to an extent of
about 6,000 kil. of which two thirds are in
Brazilian territory, washes the sliores of the
State to which it has given its name, also that
of Para; at last after joining the Tocantins,
it finislies by precipitating itself into the
Atlantic Ocean with sucli violence, that the
dark waters there form a vast sea of fresh
water, measuring more tlian 200 kilometers.
Its current is enormous in volume, Martius
has rated it at about 499584 cubic feet per
second, he has calculated that at the mouth
of the ri ver it is i58 miles wide, and discharges 25o million cubic meters of water
an hour, with a rapidity of current of tliree
miles.
The Mississipi, writes Elise Reclus, discharges four or five times less water and mud,
and this same writer estimates that no other
ri ver deposits so large a quantity of alluvion.
Tohaveanidea of themass ofrefuse it deposits
one must imagine that it would form a block
of 110 square kilometers in surface, and
10 meters in depth.

ilhas immensas taes como a de Maraj, em

sua foz (Estado do Par), com 5,328 kilometros quadrados de superficie, a de Tupinambarna, com 2,453, etc.
Variam sensivelmente, segundo o local e
circumstancias, a profundidade e a largura do
Amazonas, oscillando aquella entre 76 a
100 metros em determinados pontos e chegando a attingir 5oo em outros. A largura vae
desde 100 kilometros at 1,892 metros, em
frente da cidade de bidos, onde as duas
margens mais se approximam. Isto no curso
inferior, pois, no superior, chega a offerecer
apenas 4 metros de largura, como, por
exemplo, em Bracamoros, onde o rio se denomina ainda Tunguragua, ou Alto Maranho.
Fcil se torna, d'est'arte, a navegao no
s fluvial como de maior tonnelagem em
grande parte do seu percurso, mais de
5,200 kilometros, estendendo-se aquella por
mais de 5o,000 kilometros, no s pelo Amazonas, propriamente dito, como por seus mais
importantes tributrios.
Na impossibilidade de dar-se d'estes noticia completa pois, sobre longa em extremo,
tornar-se-ia a enumerao fastidiosa, vejamos
os principaes.
Em seu curso inferior, isto , antes da confluncia com o rio Negro, recebe o Amazonas :
pela margem esquerda : o Nhamund, o
Uatum (em que, por sua vez, desaguam o
Capucap e o Jutup), o Aniba, o Urubu e
o Matary;
pela margem direita : o Tupinamba-

(tat de Para), qui couvre 5,328 kilomtres

carrs, celle de Tupinambarana, d'une superficie de 2,453 kilomtres, etc.
La profondeur de l'Amazones varie beaucoup, suivant les lieux et les circonstances;
elle est de 75 100 mtres certains endroits
et atteint dans d'autres jusque 5oo mtres. Sa
largeur oscille entre 100 kilomtres et 1,892
mtres bidos, ou ses deux rives se rapprochent le plus. Ceci pour le cours infrieur;
car, dans sa partie suprieure, il n'atteint,
parfois, qu'une largeur peine suprieure
4oo mtres; par exemple, Bracamoros, ou il
porte encore le nom de Tunguragua ou Alto
Maranho.
Sur une grande partie de son par cours, la
navigation fluviale, et mme celle de plus
grand tonnage, se fait donc sans difficult; on
peut 1'valuer plus de 5,200 kilomtres pour
le fleuve des Amazones proprement dit, et elle
excde 5o,000 kilomtres si l'on y ajoute ses
tributaires les plus importants.
II est impossible de faire rnumration complete de ces derniers; elle serait trop longue
et leur dnombrement deviendrait fastidieux.
Voici, cependant, les principaux :
Dans son cours infrieur, avant sa rencontre avec le Rio-Negro, l'Amazones
reoit:
S ur la rive gache: le Nliamunda, le Uatuma
(dans lequel se jettent leur tour le Capucapu et le Jutupu), le Aniba, le Urubu et le
Matary.
Sur la rive droite : le Tupinambarana, le
Andir, le Maary, les deux Maus (Maus-

This Rio-Mar (sea river) is an ocean of

fresh water, clotted with floating islands,
some small, others as large as the Isle of
Maraj at the mouth of the river (State of
Para) which covers 5,328 square kilometers,
ors that of the Isle of Tupinambarana, with a
superfice of 2,453 kilometers, etc.
The deptli of the Amazon varies considerably according to locality and circumstances;
it is from 75 to 100 meters in certain places,
and attains in others a depth of as much as
5oo meters. Its width also varies from between 100 kilometers to 1,892 meters, at
bidos, wliere its two shores approach the
nearest. This isfor its inferior course, for at
the upper part, it sometimes scarcely reaches
400 meters in width; for example at Bracamoros where it still bears the name of Tunguragua or Alto Maranho.
Over a large part of its course, fluvial navigation, even that of large tonnage is effectuated without difficulty; one may estimate at
most 5,200 kilometers for the Amazon itself,
and it exceeds 5o,000 kilometers if one adds to
it, its most important tributaries.
It is impossible to enumerate completely
these latter, it would take too long, and their
enumeration would become tedious, we may
however mention the principal ones.
In its lower course,-before meeting with
the Rio-Negro, the Amazon receives :
Onthe right bank: The Tupinambarana,the
Andir, the Maary, the two Maus (MausMiry and Maus-Assu), the Apauquiribo,

rna, o Andir, o Maary, os dois Maus

. (Maus-Miry e Maus-Ass), o Apauquirib,
o Ramos, o Abacaxis, o Canum (do qual o
Sucundary e o Mami enriquecem a corrente),
.o Madeira e o Autaz.
Por suave/, grande o numero de affluentcs que concorrem ao Madeira, antigo Cayary.
Entre outros : o Carapanatuba, o Capan, o
Baetas, o Aripuan, o Araras, o Manicor, o
Marinei los, o Machados, o Gyparan, o Jacar,
o Tucunar, o Jamary e o Mutum.
Depois de ter recebido as aguas do rio
Negro perto de Manaos, sob o nome de Solimoes, ou Alto Amazonas, no so menos os
affluentes que vem enriquecer o Rio-Mar.
Temos, assim :
a margem esquerda,subindo : o Manacapur, o Jurupary-Pind, o Codijnz, o Japur,
o Copa, o Tonantins, o Itaquy, o Maniatuba,
o Tabatinga, etc.;
da margem direita : o Purs, o Mami,
o Coary, o Urucparan, o Tarn, o Giticaparan, o Caiam, o Teff, o Juru, o Jutahy,
o Jundiatuba, o Comati, o Jurupary-Tapra,
o Capacete, o Javary, o Curu, o Xiquirna,
accrescido pelo rio Preto, etc.
As povonoes banhadas pelo Amazonas,
entre o limite do Estado do Par e a capital,
so : Parintins, Fortaleza, Urucurituba, Silves, Borba e Itacoatiara
D'estas merecem especial meno :

Myri et Maus-Assu), le Apauquirib, le

Ramos, le Abacaxis, le Canuma (qui reoit
le Sucundary et le. Mamia), le Madeira et
rAutaz.
Les affluents du Madeira, ancien Cayary,
sont fort nombreux aussi; nous citerons : le
Carapanatuba, le Capana, le Baetas, le Aripuana, le Araras, le Manicor, le Marmellos,
le Machados, le Gyparana, le Jacar, le Tucunar, le Jamary et le Mutum. .
Puis viennent, depuis l'endroit ou 1'Amazones reoit le Rio-Negro, et ou son cours
prend le nom de Solimoes ou Alto Amazonas,
un grand nombre d'autres affluents, parini
lesquels:
Sur la rive gache, en remontant: le Manacapuru, le Jurupary-Pinda, le Codajaz, le
Japura, le Copa, lo Tonantins et l'Itaquy,
le Maniatuba, le Tabatinga, etc.
Sur la rive droite : le Purus, la Mamia, le
Coary, le Urucuparana, le Tarua, le Giticaparana, le Caiam, le Teff, le Jurua, le Jutahy, le Jundiatuba, le Comatia, le JuruparyTapera, lo Capacete, le Javary, le Curua, le
Xiquirana, augment du Rio-Preto, etc.
Depuis les frontires de 1'tat du Para jusqu' la capitale, le fleuve des Amazones baigne
sur son cours les localits suivantes : Parintins, Fortaleza, Urucurituba, Silves, Borba et
Itacoatiara.
Mentionnons, tout particulirement, parmi
cclles-ci:

the Ramos, the Abacaxis, the Canuma, (which

receives the Sucundary and the Mamia), the
Madeira, and the Autaz.
The affluents of the Madeira,ancient Cayary,
are very numerous, viz, the Carapanatuba, the
Capana, the Baetas, the Aripuana, the Araras, the Manicor, the Marmellos, the Machados, the Gyparana, the Jacar, the Tucunar, the Jamary and the Mutum.
Then come from the spot where the Amazon
receives the Rio-Negro, and where its course
takes the name of Solimoes, or Alto Amazonas, a large number of other affluents,
among which are:
On the left bank ascending the river : the
Manacapuru, the Jurupary-Pinda, the Codajaz, the Japura, the Copea, the Tonantins,
the Itaquy, the Maniatuba, the Tabatinga, etc.
On the right bank : the Purus, the Mamia,
the Coary, the Urucuparana, the Tarua, the
Giticaparana, the Caiam,the Teff, the Jurua,
the Jutahy, the Jundiatuba, the Comatia, the
Jurupary-Tapera, the Capacete, the Javary,
the Curua, the Xiquirana, increased by the
Rio Preto, etc.
From the frontiers of te Para State, as far as
the capital, the Amazon passes on its course
the following places : Parintins, Fortaleza,
Urucurituba, Silves, Borba, and Itacoatiara.
Among these most wortliy of mention
are:

PAIUNTINS, primeiro centro de populao do

Estado do Amazonas que se encontra ao subir

PARINTINS. Le premier centre de population de 1'tat de 1'Amazones que l'on ren-

PARINTINS. The first centre of population

of tlie Amazonion State one meets with on

o rio, chamou-se primitivamente, em tempos do dominio portuguez, Villa Nova da

Rainha. Mais tarde, apoz a independencia,
passou a denominar-se Villa Bella da Imperatriz.
Actualmente uma pequena e elegante
cidade, cheia de promessas em relao ao
futuro, graas, sobretudo, sua excellente
situao geographica, pois, reclinada sobre a
margem direita do Amazonas e sobre a esquerda do Maus, to fceis se lhe tornam as
relaes com as outras povoaoes do Amazonas como do Madeira.
Alm do commercio do caout-chouc, ou
gomma elastica, Parintins exporta cacau,
tabaco que , alis, considerado magnifico,
guaran, oleo de copahiba e peixe secco (pirarucu).
Foi fundada, em 1796, pelo capito Jos
Pedro Cordovil, e actualmente sde de municpio e de comarca, e ponto terminal da
linha telegrapliica terrestre do Estado, como
limite que do proprio Estado.

contre en amont du fleuve se nommait, au

temps de la domination portugaise, Villa
Nova da Rainha . Plus tard, aprs l'indpendance, on 1'appela Villa Bella da Imperatriz .
Aujourd'liui, c'est une ville lgante et jolie,
son avenir s'annonce comme devanttre brillant, grce son excellente situation gographique. Couche sur la rive droite de l'Amazones, d'une part, et sur la gache du Maus,
de l'autre ct, elle communiquej avec une
gale facilit, avec les populations de l'Amazones et celles du Madeira.
Outre lecommerce du caoutehouc ougomme
lastique, Parintins exporte du cacao, du
tabac qui est rput excellent, du guarana,
de 1'liuile de copahiba et du poisson sch
(pirarucu).
Fonde en 1796, par le capitaine Jos Pedro
Cordovil, elle est maintenant le sige du
municipio , le clief-lieu du dpartement et
le point termiuus de la ligne tlgraphique de
1'Etat, auquel elle sert de limite.

ascending the river, so called formerly when

under the Portuguese dominion. " Villa Nova
da Rainha " later after the independence, this
name was changed to " Villa Bella da Imperatriz. "
To-dayitisasmall and elegant town; owing
to its excellent geographical position, there
is reason to believe it has a brilliant future in
store. Situated on the right shore of the
Amazon on one side, and on the left of the
Maus on the otlier, it communicates with
equal facility with the populations of the
Amazon and that of Madeira.
Besides the commerce of india-rubber, Parintins exports: cocoa, tobacco which is reported excellent, guano, oil of copaiba, and dried
fish (pirarucu).

a I3O milhas de distancia de

Parintins, acha-se situada na margem esquerda do rio Amazonas, tendo sido fundada en
1759. Durante o dominio portuguez chamou-se
Serpa, nome por que ainda hoje conhecida,
sendo-o, porm, mais commumente pelo antigo nome indgena de Itacoatira que quer
dizer pedra pintada.
Brilhante , tambm, o futuro que a aguarda como cidade commercial, devido, ainda,
sua situao a duas horas apenas da foz do

Sise sur la rive gache de

1'Amazones, i3o milles de Parintins, sa fondation date de 1759. Sous la domination portugaise, elle s ' a p i > e l a i t Serpa, nom sous lequel
on la dsigne encore actucllement, bien que
celui d'Itacoatiara, qui vient de Tancienne
langue indigne et signifie pierre peinte
soit plus comiminnient accept.
Sa position loigne de deux heures peine
de 1'embouchure du Madeira, et non loin de
l'endroit ou le Rio-Negro se jette dans FAma-

ITACOATIARA. On the left shore of te Amazon, i3o miles distant from Parintins, was
founded in 1759. Under Portuguese domination, was then called Serpa, the name by which
it is still known by, althougli Itacoatiara,
which comes from the ancient native language
and means " painted stone " is te name most
commonly accepted.
Its position, scarcely two hours distant
from Madeira, and not far from the place
where the Rio-Negro fio ws into the Amazon,

ITACOATIRA,

ITACOATIARA.

Founded in 1796, by Captain Jos Pedro

Cordovil, it is now the seat of the Municipality, chief town departmental, and terminal
point of the state telegraph line, to which it
limits itself.

gives reason to believe that a good commercial

future is assured to it.
It exports india-rubber, cocoa, dried fish
(pirarucu) oil of copaiba, guano, deerskins, sarsaparilla, etc. The soil is excellently adapted
for the cultivation of coffee, cotton, manioc,
indigo, and many other native productions.
It also is the seat of the Municipality, and
chief town departmental; it is besides connected with the capital by tf legraph, the lines
which pass througli it in the direction of Parintins.
We give below the names of certain towns
and places, more or less important by their
commerce and exportation, more or less
developped according to the importance given
them by the water courses which passthrough
them;we shall give the distance in miles
which seperate them from the capital of the
State.

rio Madeira e a pouca distancia da confluncia do rio Negro com o Amazonas.

Exporta, alm de borracha, cacau, peixe
secco (piraruc), oleo de copahiba, guaran,
pelles de veado, salsaparrilha, castanha,
prestando-se muito o seu solo ao cultivo
do caf, do algodo, do anil, da mandioca
e qui de muitos outros productos indigenas.
Tambm sde de municpio e de commarca, e aclia-se ligada capital pelo telegraplio terrestre, que por ella passa, em direco a Parintins.
De Manaos para cima eis a lista d'alguns
dos logares, povoaes, etc., mais ou menos importantes por seu negocio de exportao descriminada em relao aos rios
que os banham, e notificadas as distancias,
em milhas, a que se acham da capital do
Estado :

zones, lui assure un avenir commercial

brillant.
Elle exporte du caoutchouc, du cacao, du
poisson sch (pirarucu), de ffiuile de copahiba, du guarana, des peaux de cerf, de la salsepareille, des marrons. La terre y est excellente pour la culture du caf, du coton, du
manioc, de 1'anil et de beaucoup d'autres
produits indignes.
Elle aussi est le sige du municpio et
chef-lieu de dpartement; elle est du reste
relie la capitale par une ligne tlgraphique,
qui la traverse et se dirige vers Parintins.
Ci-aprs nous donnons quelques noms de
villes et de peuplades, plus ou moins importantes par leur commerce d'exportation plus
ou moins dvelopp, selon 1'importance des
cours d'eau qui les traversent; nous indiquons en milles les distances qui les sparent
de la capitale de 1'tat.

Rio SOLIMOES (Alto Amazonas) e MARANHO.

Codajaz (i55 milhas), Coary (239), Teff
(347), Caiara (362), Jauat (407), Araras
(470), Fonte Boa (486), Tonantins (626), S.
Paulo de Olivena (721) e Tabatinga (826).

R10 SOLIMOE s (Al to Amazonas) et M ARANH AO .

Codajaz (i55 milles), Coary (239), Teff

(347), Caiara (362), Juata (407), Araras (470),
Fonte-Boa (486), Tonantins (626), San-Paulo
de Olivena (721) et Tabatinga (826).

(Alto Amazonas) and MARANIIAO.Codajaz (i55 miles), Coary (239), Teff

(347), Caiara (362), Juata (407), Araras (470),
Fonte-Boa (486), Tonantins (626). S. Paulo de
Olivena (721) and Tabatinga (826).

Rio NEGRO. Tauapessass (65 milhas),

Ayro (i35), Moura (174) Carvoeiro (201),
Barcellos (268), Moreira (3x4), Tliomar (358)
e Santa Isabel (4^3).

RIO-NEGRO. Tauapcssassu (65 milles),

Ayrao (i35), Moura (174) Carvoeiro (201),
Barcellos (268), Moreira (3i4), Tliomar (358)
et Santa-Isabel (4^3).

RIO-NEGRO.Tauapessassu (65 miles), Ayrao

(i35), Moura (174), Carvoeiro (201), Barcellos
(268), Moreira (3i4), Thomar (358), and Santa
Isabel (423).

Rio JURU. Fonte-Ba (568), Coapiranga

(594), Jurupuca (838), Gavio (894), Marary

RIO-JURUA. Fonte-Boa (568), Coapiranga

(594), Juruapuca (838), Gaviao (894), Marary
(1,093) et San-Felippe.

RIO-JURUA. Fonte-Boa (568), Coapiranga

(594), Juruapuca (838), Gaviao (894), Marary

(1,093) e S. Felippe.

RIO SOLIMOES

(1,093) and S. Felippe.

Rio PURS. Manaquiry (42 milhas), Boa

Vista (47), Manacapur (57), Anauan (117),
Perseverana (i35), Paricatuba (178), Ayapu
(198), Campinas (3i8), Guajartuba (338),
Boa Vista (357), Paran-Pixuna (4<>5), Andarahy (415), Itatuba (423), Jatuarana (438),
Secutiry (475), Tauari (498), S. Sebastio
(119), Jutur (542), Nova Olinda (566), Paripy
(583), Tapau (594), Porto Alegre (618), Conceio (642), Salvao (671), Atalaya (694),
Canutama (696), Bella Vista (707), Santo
Antonio (723), TJrucury (736), S. Sebastio
(752), Assahytuba (772), Passi (801), Labrea
(818), S. Luiz (841), Providencia (913), Memorisinho (918), Santa Helena (952), Espirito
Santo (1,049), Memoria (1,110), Pouso Alegre
(1,227) e Anajaz (1,437).

RIO-PURS. Manaquiry (42 milles), Boavista (47), Manacapuru (57), Anauana (117),
Perseverana (i35), Paricatuba (178), Ayapua
(198), Campinas (3i8), Guajaratuba (338),Boavista (357), Parana-Pixuna (4o5), Andarahy
(4i5), Itatuba (423), Jatuarana (438), Secutiry
(475), Tauaria(498), San-Sebastio(II9), Juturu
(542), Nova-Olinda (566), Paripy (583),Tapau
(594), Porto-Alegre (618), Conceio (642), Salvaao (671), Atalaya (694), Canutama (696),
Bella-Vista (707), Santo-Antonio (723), TJrucury (736), San-Sebastio (752), Assahytuba
(772), Passia (801), Labrea (818), San-Luiz(84i),
Providencia (913), Memorisinho (918), SantaHelena (952), Espirito-Santo (1,049), Memoria (1,110), Pouso Alegre (1,227)
Anajaz
(1,437).

RIO-PURTJS.Manaquiry (42 miles), Boa-Vista (47) Manacapuru (57), Anauana (117), Perseverana (i35), Paricatuba (178), Ayapua (198),
Campinas (3i8), Guajaratuba (338), Boa-Vista
(357), Parana-Pixuna (4o5), Andarahy (4i5),
Itatuba (423), Jatuarana (438), Secutiry (475),
Tauaria (^98), S. Sebastio (119), Juturu (542),
Nova-Olinda(566), Paripy (583), Tapau (594),
Porto-Alegre (618), Conceio (642), Salvaao
(671), Atalaya (694), Canutama (696), BellaVista (707), Santo Antonio (723), Urucury
(736), S. Sebastio (752), Assahytuba (772),
Passia (801), Labrea (818), S. Luiz (841),
Providencia (gi3), Memorisinho (918), Santa
Helena (952), Espirito-Santo (1,049), Memoria
(1,110), Pouso Alegre (1,227) a n d Anajaz
(1,437).

Rio MADEIRA. Canuman (80 milhas),

Borba (116), Sapucaya (i63), Tabocal (194),
Boa Vista (204), Ilha das Araras (214), Manicor (293), Onas (334), Tyrol (369), Porto
Alegre (429), Castanhal (436), Pariry (476),
Misso de S. Pedro (524), Humayth (55i),
Misso de S. Francisco (594) e Santo Anto-

RIO-MADEIIIA.Canuman (80 milles), Borba

(116), Sapucaya(i63), Tabocal (194) Boa-Vista
(204), lie das Araras (214), Manicor (293),
Onas (334), Tyrol (369), Porto Alegre (429),
Castanhal (436), Pariry (476), Misso de SanPedro (524), Humaytha (55i), Misso do SanFrancisco (594) Santo Antonio (7J1).
Le commerce du caoutcliouc est, comme on
le sait, 1'industrie par excellence, sinon la
seule, de tout 1'intrieur du pays de AltoAmazonas; c'est,du reste, la branch commerciale la plus importante pour toutes ces populations et, par consqnent, la base de la
richesse publique de 1'Etat. Q,uelques-unes
exportent cependant d'autres produits, tels
que le piassava, le cacao, les marrons; une
certaine quantit de tabac, d'essences, d'huiles

Canuman (80 miles), Borba

Sapucaya (i63), Tabocal (194). Boavista (204), He das Araras (214), Manicor
(293), Onas (334), Tyrol (369), Porto Alegre
(429), Castanhal (436), Pariry (4y6j, Misso
de S. Pedro (524), Humaytlia (55i), Misso
de S. Francisco (594) a i l ( l Santo Antonio
(7ii).
The trade in india-rubber, as we know, is
the principal, if not the only one carried on
tlirougliout the wliole of the interior of the
Alto-Amazonian country; it is besides the
most important commercial brandi of industry of ali these populations, and consequently
the basis of the public riclies of te State. Certain towns however export otlier produces,
sucli as : piassava, cocoa, chestnuts, a certain

nio (711).

E' a borracha, como se sabe, a industria por

excellencia, seno quasi exclusiva, de todo o
interior do Alto Amazonas, constituindo, portanto, o principal ramo de commercio da
maior parte das povoaoes acima referidas, e
at a base da riquesa publica do Estado. Algumas d'essas povoaes, porm, exportam
mais piassava, cacau, castanha, algum
tabaco, cssencias, especiarias, oleos e plantas

RIO-MADEIRA.

(116),

medicinaes, matrias colorantes, preciosas

madeiras para diversos usos industriaes,
quasi tudo de produco expontanea como ao
deante se ver ao tratar-se da flora local.
Tambm sobre pelles de animaes se fazem
algumas transaces, alis sem importancia
de maior.
A industria de creao de gado bovino
exercida em escala relativamente importante
nos campos banhados pelo rio Branco, onde
existem, segundo documentos officiaes,
i36 fazendas de creao, assim distribudas :
!9k< no proprio rio Branco, 10; e, em seus
affluentes : i no Mocajahy, 3 no Agua Ba
Grande; i no Cuitanah, i no S. Loureno, 14
110 Cauam, 1 no Agua Boasinha, 43 no rio
Uraricuera, 1 no Truar, 2 no Parim, 1 no
Arumine, 1 no Majary, 16 no Monte Majary,
1 no Igarap Caurany, 5 no rio Santa Rosa
2 no Marac, 4 n 0 Igarap Grande, 25 no
Tacut e 4 nos affluentes d'este mesmo rio.
Ao todo com uma existencia de cerca de
56,775 cabeas.
O mais importante creador da regio,
sr. Sebastio Jos Diniz, parece possuir,
sinente sua parte, mais de metade, ou sejam
aproximadamente umas 3o,000 cabeas.
Alm do rio Branco, ainda se encontra gado
de creao nos campos banhados pelo Madeira
e pelo baixo Amazonas, assim como no rio
Autaz, em Purupur, Codajaz, Coary, Teff,
Fonte Boa, S. Paulo de Olivena, etc.
Segundo os melhores clculos estatsticos,
baseados no confronto dos recenseamentos
geraes do paiz, realisados em 1872 e em 1890,

10

et de plantes mdicinales; de matires colorantes, et enfin d'excellents bois qui servent

diverses industries. Et tout cela, comme on
le verra au chapitre consacr la flore locale,
est de production presque spontane. On s'y
livre aussi au commerce des peaux d'animaux;
mais les transactions ne sont pas de grande
importance. L'industrie de 1'levage du gros
btail est relativement importante, dans les
districts baigns par le Rio-Branco; des documents officiels y relvent i36 tablissements
d'levage disposs comme suit: sur les rives
du Rio-Branco, 10; sur celles de ses affluents :
Mocajahy, 1; Agua Boa-Grande, 3; Cuitanahu, 1; San-Loureno, 1; Cauam, 14; Agua
Boasinha, 1; Uraricuera, 43 Truaru, 1;
Parim, 2; Arumine, 1; Majary, 1; MonteMajary, 16; Igarap-Caurany, 1; Santa-Rosa,
5; Maraca, 2; Igarap-Grande, 4; Tacutu, 25
et 4 sur les affluents de cette rivire. Ces
tablissements renferment ensemble cnviron
56,775 ttes de btail.
Un des plus iinportants leveurs de cette
rgion, M. Sbastio Jos Diniz, possdelui
seul plus que la moiti de ce btail, soit environ 3o,000 ttes.
On pratique aussi 1'levage du btail u del
du Rio-Branco, dans les campagnes arroses
par le Madeira et par le Baixo-Amazonas;
ainsi que dans le Autaz, Purupuru, Codajaz,
Coary, Teff, Fonte-Boa, San-Paulo de Olivena, etc.
Suivant les meilleurs calculs statistiques,
bass sur des recensements gnraux oprs
en 1878 et 1890, la population de l'Etat de

quantity of tobacco, essences, oils, and medicinal plants, colouring matters, and excellent
wood, which is employedin various industries.
And ali these, as we shall see in a chapter devo ted to the local flora, arealmost spontaneous
productions. A small trade is also done in
animal skins, but these transactions are of no
great importance. The industry of cattlebreeding is relatively important in the districts
washed by the Rio-Branco, where, from official reports, there exist i36 breeding farms
distributed as follows : On the shores of the
Rio-Branco, 10; on tliose of its affluents : Mocajahy,!; Agua Boa-Grande, 3; Cuitanahu, 1;
S. Loureno, 1; Cauam, 14; Agua Boasinha, 1;
Uraricuera, 43; Truaru, 1; Parim, 2; Arumine, 1; Majary, 1; Monte-Majary, 16: Igarap-Caurany, 1; Santa-Rosa, 5; Maraca, 2;
Igarap-Grande,4; Tacutu,25; and four on the
affluents of this river. These establishments
comprise altogether about 56,775 heads of
cattle.
One of the most important breeders of this
region, M1' Sebastio Jos Diniz, alone possesses more than half of this number of cattle,
viz, about 3o,000 head.
The breeding of cattle is also exercised on
the other side of the Rio-Branco, in the countries watered by the Madeira, and by the
Baixo-Amazonas; also in the Autaz, at Purupuru, Codajaz, Coary, Teff, Fonte-Boa, S.
Paulo d'01ivena, etc.
According to the most rcliable statistical
calculations, based on the general census
taken in 1878, and 1890, the population must

a populao do Estado do Amazonas deve

orar por cerca de 2 5 i , o o o almas. A populao
civilisada, entenda-se, composta por brasileiros, indios catecliisados e estrangeiros de
diversas nacionalidades. Os indios considerados em estado selvagem no entram no
computo, sendo impossvel avaliar o seu
numero, como facilmente se depreliende.
O sr. Baro de Sant'Anna Nery inelue* no
seu livro uma Lista alphabetica das tribus
indgenas do Estado do Amazonas, desde 1768
at nossos dias , da qual constam nem menos
de 373 tribus. Avalie-se que cifra pliantastica
no attingiria um recenseamento geral da
populao aborgene, se fora possvel leval-o
a cabo!
Das 25I,OOO almas acima referidas, e que
pouco mais representam, em relao superfcie total do Estado, do que uma densidade de
populao de 0.1 habitante por kilometro quadrado, 45,ooo constituem, approximadamente,
a populao calculada para a capitalManaos.

1'Amazones doittre environ de 261,000 ames.

II s'agit, bien entenda, de la population civilise, c'est--dire des Brsiliens, Indiens convertis et trangers de nationalits diverses.
Les Indiens sauvages ne sont pas compris
dans ces calculs, leur nombre tant impossible valuer, comine on doit bien l comprendre.
M. le baron de Sant' Anna Nery a donn,
dans son ouvrage, une liste alphabtiquc des
tribus indiennes de l'Etat de 1'Amazones,
depuis 1768 jusqu' nos jours. II y mentionne
1'existence de 373 tribus. On peut s'imaginer
quel chiffre fantastique atteindrait un recensement de la population aborigne, s'il tait
possible de 1'organiser!
Le chiffre de 251,000 ames prcit ne reprscnte gure, relativement lasuperfcie totale
de l'Etat, qu'une densit de population lgcrcment infrieure 0.1 par kilomtre carr;
celle de la capitale Manaos tant value
45,ooo ames.

be about 201,000 souls. This refers, be it un

derstood, to the civilized population, that is to
say, of Brazilians, converted Indians, and
foreigners of divers nationalities. Indians
in a wild state are not included in these
calculations, as may easily be believed,
it would be impossible to estimate their
number.
The Baron de Sant' Anna Nery lias given
in his work, an alpliabetical list of the Indian
tribes of the Amazon State, from 1768 until
the present time. In it lie mentions the existence of 373 tribes. One may imagin what a
fantastic figure this would attain in a census
of the aboriginal population if it were possible
to organize it!
The number of 251,000 souls aforenamed,
scarcely represents, relatively to the total
superfcies of te State, but a density of population sliglitly inferior to 0,1 per square kilometer; that of the capital Manaos being
valued at 45,000 souls.

XI

II
O clima. Riquezas naturaes. O reino animal. O reino mineral.

II

II

Climate. Riclies Natural.

Yegetable Kingdom. Animal
Kingdom. Mineral Kingdom.

Climat. Richesses naturelles.

Rgne vgtal. Rgne
a l .
Rgne minral.

cyS
de Deus que, a contrabalanar quanto de mau se tem dito e
se tem escripto sobre o clima do
Amazonas, no faltam o testemunho de auctoridades, tanto menos
suspeitas que bastar apenas citar as estrangeiras, e os algarismos das estatsticas com
toda a auctoridade que lhes imprime a sua
provenincia official.
Tambm se deve dizer com verdade, ter,
de momento, como que passado j de todo
ao domnio da lenda essa m fama, alis
recentemente accrescida e quasi desde logo
desmentida, baseada que era em factos de
origem em absoluto estranha ao meio ambiente, e resultantes apenas de causas especiaes o extraordinarias que, uma vez cessadas, com cilas findaram os seus deplorveis
effeitos.
Por occasio das grandes escavaes a que
se procedeu na capital, vae n'uns seis annos,
intensas febres de mau caracter grassaram,
de facto, em Manaos. Tanto bastou para que
no s esta cidade como todo o Amazonas fossem classificados regio empestada e o boato,
correndo mundo, creasse a este, alis dos
mais sadios Estados da Unio Brasileira,
ERC

ous avons, Dieu merci,pour contrebalancei- tout ce qui a t dit et

crit au dsavantage du climat de
rAmazones, le tmoignage d'autori* ts d'autant moins suspectes, que nous
ne ferons appel qu'aux trangers et aux cliiffres des statistiques pour lesquels nous rclamons le crdit que mrite leur origine off icielle.
Disons, d'autre part, pour rester vridique,
que cette fclieuse renommce, ne la suite
d'vnements spciaux et absolument trangers au milieu ambiant, est ds maintenant
passe l'tat de lgende,bien que rcemment
encore on eut essay de 1'accrditer, pnis de
la dmentir. Les faits auxquels nous faisons
allusion taient des causes si spciales et si
peu ordinaires, que la situation dplorable
qu'ils amenrent, cessa d'tre en mme temps
qu'eux.
II y a six ans bientt, lors des grandes
fouilles qui eurent lieu aux environs de la
capitale, des fivres de mauvais caractre
svirent, en effet, Manaos. Cela suffit pour
1'aire classer non seulement cette ville, mais
tout 1'tat de 1'Amazones par mi les rgions
infectes. C'est ce bruit qui, en se rpandant,
lui cra une rputation tout fait in juste;
puisque, en ralit,cet tat est le plus salubre
do ceux qui forment l'Union brsilienne.
W
vHBv

v E have, God be praised, to counter

1 balance ali that has been sai d and
written to the disadvantage of the
Amazon climate, the witness of
.uthorities much less to be suspected,
that we make no appeal but to strangers, and
to our statistical figures, for which we claim
the credit that their official origin deserves.
On the other hand to remain strictly trutliful, we must say that this unfortunate renown,
arisen in consequence of special events, is
absolutelyforeignto tliemiddle surroundings,
and at the present time passcd into a legend,
although again recently it was tried to give
credit to it, then to contradict it.
The facts to which we allude, were from
special causes, and so exceptional, that the
deplorable situation which they brought
about, ceased, when they stopped.
Nearly six years ago, when large excavations were being made in the environs of the
capital, malignantfeversbrokeout at Manaos.
This sufficed to class not only this town, but
the whole part of the Amazon State situated
among the infected regions. It is owing to the
spreading of this exaggerated report, that the
State gained such an entirely unjust rputation, whileinreality this State is the most salubrious of ali those which form the Brazilian

injusta fama que, uma vez restabelecida

a normalidade das coisas, logo cahiu pela base,
como tudo que a tem falsa ou por demais
insegura.
Vem de longe a como que maleficencia, nem
sempre desinteressada, dos paizes europeus
pelos climas da zona chamada, com maior ou
menor propriedade, trrida.
A ignorancia por parte de muitas pessoas, a m vontade por parte de outras, e,
ainda, a falta de exacta observao no que
se refere quellas que, apreciando em bloco
os factos, descuram ou desdenham entrar
no exame das causas ou dos agentes d'elles,
so responsveis por injustias, como esta
flagrante, que fazem com que sejam na
generalidade tidas como regies de febres
todas aquellas onde a incidncia dos raios
solares se faz mais perpendicularmente...
E' intuitivo que exijam os climas quentes
uma outra hygiene que no requerem os frios,
e at os temperados. Mas, dizendo outra
hygiene ,note-se que se no diz mais .Tudo
est na especie de hygiene que se deve seguir.
Cuidados so dispensveis entre ns que, no
obstante, quem os desprezara nos climas tidos
por mais sadios, caro resgataria a sua incria.
Outros o clima do Amazonas exige, dispensveis n'aquelles.
N'uns como n'outros, porm, o problema da
sade est sujeito a prescripes que, precisadas, at d'antemo, pela sciencia medica,
to insensato quem as despreza n'um ponto

Ds que tout rentra dans les conditions

normales, cette mauvaise impression s'vanouit comme tout ce qui repose sur des bases
peu solides.
C'est de longtemps que date cette espce de
prvention pas toujours dsintresse
de la part des pays d'Europe, l'gard des
rgions, plus ou moins improprement dites
torrides et de leur climat.
L'ignorance de quelques-uns, souvent aussi
la malveillance,sont presque toujours la cause
d'aussi flagrantes injustices. Croire qu'une
rgion accidentellement atteinte doit ncessairement treinfecte, parce qu'elle se trouve
plus directement expose aux rayons dusoleil,
prouve un manque d'observation. II faut, ce
nous semble, considrer comme un devoir
rexamen des causes ou des agents qui ont
engendr ces fivres.
II est vident que les climats chauds exigent
une hygiene qui diffre essentiellement de
celle en usage dans les pays froids ou temprs. Mais nous disons que les mots : hygiene
diffrente, ne veulentpas dire:plus d'hygiene;
tout se rduit connaitre 1'espce d'hygine
qu'il faut appliquer. C'est ainsi qu'il est des
soins, inutiles chez nous, mais dont le mpris,
dans des contres rputes plus saines, serait
fatal celui qui les ngligerait. D'autre part,
certames prcautions doivent tre prises par
celui qui vit sous le climat de 1'Amazones, qui
seraient tout fait superflues dans des pays
froids outemprs.
Dans tous les pays, du reste, 1'tat de sant
dpend de 1'observance de certaines prcau-

Union, and as soon as thing*s returnedto their

normal condition, this false impression passed
awayas ali impressions which lean for support
upon so weak a foundation, is bound to do.
This sort of misrepresentatin, not always,
disinterested, on the part of European countries, lias existed for a long time, in regard to
those regions more or less improperly called
torrid, and of their climate.
Ignorance, and very often malevolence, are
nearly always the cause of flagrant injustice.
To believe that a region, accidently affected,
must necessarily be infected because it is
directly exposed to the rays of the sun, proves
a want of observation exact. We ought, it
seems to us to consider it a duty to examin
into the causes, or agents which have been
the origin of these fevers.
It is evident that hot climates demand a
hygiene quite different from that employed
in cold or temperate countries. But we would
say, the words Hygiene different, do not mean
" more hygiene" but the kind of hygiene
which must be employed. It is thus there are
prcautions useless among us, but which the
neglect of them in countries reputed more
healthy, would be fatal to him wlio neglected
them. On the other hand certain preventivo
measures ought to be taken by those who live
under the climate of the Amazon, which would
be altogether superfluous in cold or temperate
countries.
In ali countries more over, the state of
the health depends upon the observance of
certain* prcautions indicated by medicai

do globo como em outro insensatez de que

em todo o caso no pode caber responsabilidade, com justia, regio, ao clima, mas
sim e apenas ao individuo que, no obstante
o assumpto to pessoal e vitalmente o interessar, vivendo em Roma, no sabe ou no quer
fazer-se romano .
Ao envez do que possam affirmar malinformados ou malintencionados temos porm
Agassiz, por exemplo, que, referindo-se ao
clima do Amazonas escreve : ...perfeitamente salubre e d'uma temperatura muito
mais moderada do que geralmente se suppoe.
Ora para isto concorrem, precisamente, as
condioes climatricas, muito outras quaes
a maioria as ajuiza, devidas orographia
local, bem como a multiplices circumstancias
de natureza physica, quaes so a abundancia
das aguas, a extenso das florestas, a orientao dos valles, o regimen dos ventos a
situao geographica, emfim, da regio.
Pelas margens do Amazonas correm de continuo brisas do mar trazidas pelas correntes
aereas, as quaes offerecem como que um
correctivo natural ao calor local. Affirma
Th. Lavalle, na sua Harmonie des continents
et des mers> que a Europa, exposta aos frios
polares, seria difficilmente habitavel se os
ventos da Africa no derramassem sobre o
continente europeu, atravessando o Mediterrneo, esse calor accumulado no grande
reservatrio que se chama o Sahara. Pois o

i4

science, and he wlio does not observe them,

tions indiques par la science mdicale. Celui
may be looked upon as amadman, in wliatever
qui ne les observe pas estuninsens, quelque
part of the globe he may be. The results
pointduglobe qu'il se trouve.Lessuitesdeson
of his imprudence ought not to be imputed
imprvoyance ne doivent tre imputes ni au
either to climate, or country; but rather to
climat, ni au pays, mais celui qui ne veut
one, who disregarding his personal and vital
pas tenir compte d'un intrt personnel et vital,
interest, acts like a man living in Rome,
et procde comme un homme qui vivrait
who cannot, and will not live like a Roman.
Rome, mais ne saurait, ni ne voudrait vivre
comme un Romain.
This is what Agassiz says on the subject of
the Amazon climate, against the affirmations
Voici ce que dit Agassiz au sujet du climat
of persons misinformed, or evil intentioned :
de 1'Amazones, 1'encontre des affirmations
Perfectly salubrious and of a temperature
de gens mal informs ou malintentionns :
... parfaitement salubre et d*une temprature much more moderate than that which is genebien plus modre que celle qu'on lui attribue rally attributed to it.
gnralement.
Now, everything co-operates to prove the
Or, tout concourt rendre ces paroles vritruth of these words, its climateric condidiques : ses conditions climatriques bien diftions, very different to those habitually attrifrentes de celles qu'on lui attribue habituelbuted to it, owing to its local orography; the
lement, grce 1'orograpliie locale; de multimultiple circumstances of physical order,
ples circonstances d'ordre physique, telles que
such as the abundance of water, its extensive
Tabondance des eaux, 1'tendue des forts, la
forests, the situation of its valleys, the direcsituation des valles,la direction des vents; en
tion of the winds; in a word, the geograpliical
un mot, laposition gographique de la rgion.
position of the region.
La brise de la mer qu'amnent constamment
The sea-breeze constantly borne by the
les courants suprieurs qui longent les rives
upper currents which skirt the banks of the
de 1'Amazones, adoucit naturellement les
Amazon, naturally soften the intensity of the
rigueurs de la chaleur locale.
local heat.
Dans son ouvrage: Harmonie des continents
In his work Harmonie des Continents et
et des mers, Th. Lavalle affirme que l'Eudes Mers, Th. Lavalle affirms that Europe
rope, expose comme elle l'est aux froids
exposed as it is to polar cold, would be scarpolaires, serait difficilement habitable, si les
cely habitable, were it not for the African
vents de l'Afrique, aprs avoir travers la
winds, which, after crossing the MediterMditerrane,ne rpandaient sur le continent
ranean, spread over te European Continent
europen la chaleur accumule dans ce grand
the heat accumulated in the immense reserrservoir qu'on appelle le Sahara.
voir, which one calls the Sahara.

inverso plienomeno se d no Amazonas e

assim que Maury, referindo-se aca
benefieiante d'essas correntes atmosphericas, no hesita em declarar que o clima
do Amazonas um dos mais notveis do
mundo .
Segundo dados provenientes de observaes
meteorologicas e de procedencia official, a
temperatura mdia de Manaus de 2737 centgrados, sendo o mez de agosto o mais quente,
com a mdia de 2798, e o mais temperado o
de dezembro, com a mdia de 2670. A mais
alta temperatura obtida foi, em agosto, 3i75
e a mais baixa, em setembro, 2225.
O que plenamente confirmado na transcripo seguinte da Exploration of the
Valley of the Amazon, de Herndon, que
referindo-se ao clima do Amazonas, escreve :
Tenho-me conservado sempre reservado
com respeito salubridade d'essa regio;
apezar d'isso receio que muita gente ache
exagerados os poucos elogios que lhe tenho
a feito. Que essas pessoas leiam o que conta
um naturalista inglez, M. Wellace, que l se
encontrou commigo : O clima, escreve elle,
tal como ns o temos ainda bem presente,
delicioso. O thermometro jamais se elevou
acima de Sy Fahrenheit (2556 centgrados),
ao meio dia, descendo at
Fahrenheit
centgrados) durante as noites.
manhs e as tardes eram agradabillisimamente frescas, e, em geral, tnhamos um
agUaceiro e uma brisa ligeira, pela tarde,

Le phnomne contraire se produit dans

A contrary phenomenon is produced in the
1'Amazones. C'est pourquoi Maury, se basant
Amazon States; that is why Maury, basing his
sur l'influence bienfaisante de ces courants
observations on the beneficiai influence of
atmosphriques, n'lisite pas dclarer que le
these atmosplieric currents, does not hesitate
climat de VAmazones est Vun des plus remar- to declare that the climate of the Amaquables de Vunivers.
zones is one of the most remarkable in the
Suivant des observations mtorologiques
world.
d'origine officielle, la temprature moyenne
According to official meteorological obserde Manaos est de 27^7 centigrades ; au mois
vations the averagetemperature of Manaos is
d'aout, qui est le plus chaud, elle s'lve
27^7 centigrade; in august, wliieh is the
2798; tandis qu'au mois de dcembre, le plus
hottest month, it rises to 27098 wliilst in
tempr, elle ne dpassepas 260rjo. La plus
december, the montli the most temperate,
haute temprature observe a t de 3i75
it does not register more tlian 2670. The
en aout, et la plus basse, en septembre,
highest temperature observed, lias been 3i75
de 2225.
in august, and the lowest, in september,
2225.
Tout ce que nous venons de dire est pleinement confirm par le passage suivant de l'ouAli we have just said is fully confirnied in
vrage : Exploration ofthe Valley ofthe Amathe following passage taken from the work
zon, par Herndon. L'auteur s'exprime comme
entitled Exploration of the Valley of the
suit au sujet du climat de 1'Amazones :
Amazon, by Herndon. The author expresses
himself thus on the subject of the climate of
Je me suis toujours tenu dans une certaine
the Amazones : I have always kept myself
rserve en ce qui concerne la salubrit de
witliin a certain reserve as to the salubrity
cette rgion et, malgr cela, je crains que
of this region, and in spite of that, I fear
certames personnes trouvent exagrs le
that certain persons believe the few praises
peu d'loges que j'en ai fait. Je conseille
that I have bestowed upon it, exaggerated. I
ceux-lde lire 1'apprciation d'unnaturaliste
advis ethose persons to read the apprecia anglais, M. Wellace, que j'y ai rencontr :
Le climat, crit-il, tel que nous Vavons encore tion of an Englisli naturalist Mr Wellace,
whom I met there : The climate, he writes,
bien prsent la mmoire, est dlicieux.
Jamais, lethermomtre ne s'est lev au-dessus such as still present in our memory, is delide 8"jFahrenheit(2556 centigrades), Vheure ciouSf the thermometer neoer rose above 8y
de midi; et jamais il 11'est descenda plus dey0 Fahrenheit, (2556 centigrade) at mid-day,
and never descended lower than
FahrenFah renheit (n3G3 centigrades) pendant la
heit (2363 centigrade) during the night. A
nuit. Unefraicheur des plus agrables rgnait
most delightful freshness prevailed morning
le matin et le soir, et gnralement Vaprs-

que refrescava muito e purificava o ar.

N'outra pagina fala da maravilhosa frescura e da transparncia da atmosphera, da
amenidade balsamica das noites , accrescentando que nao teem par em paiz algum
por elle visitado, e que se pode trabalhar l
como nos mezes quentes em Inglaterra.
Finalmente, de um Francez, e a quem d
especial auctoridade a qualidade de astronomo do Observatrio de Paris, Emmanuel
Liais, o seguinte trecho :
Digamos, para dar uma ida clara das
estaes nos tropicos, que a temperatura do
inverno, l, a do vero em Frana, alis
sem os dias abafadios que este accidental mente nos offerece. A temperatura do vero
distingue-se, alli, pela presena dos grandes
calores, os quaes so, comtudo, muito mais
fceis de supportar do que entre ns. E'a
estao das tempestades que sempre mode ram, umas vezes por outras, a temperatura
elevada.
Por outras palavras, um vero perenne que,
quando mais rigoroso, as chuvas concorrem a
corrigir naturalmente nada mais exacto,
nada mais verdadeiro!
Graas s cheias peridicas do rio e s
excellentes propriedades do ubrrimo solo
amazonico, da mais rica constituio geologica, no de causar espanto que se preste
a bella e fecunda regio no s a todas as culturas equatoriaes, como a quasi todas as dos
paizes temperados da Europa, e, at mesmo

midi, une pluie abondante tombait, qui,jointe and evening, and generally in the afternoon
une lgre brise, rafraichissaient suffisam- an abundant rain fell, which joined to a
ment Vair et le purifiaient. Quelqucs pages
light breeze, sufficiently refreshed and puriplus loin,il parle de la merveilleusefracheur fied the air. Some pages further on he
de Vatmosphre et de la balsamique douceur writes : The wonderful coolness of the
des nuits, en ajoutant: qu'il ne saurait les
atmospliere, its transparency, and the balmy
comparer aucune de celles qu'il a trouves softness of the nights were such as in
en visitant d'autres pays, et que le travail,
ali other countries he had visited, he had
pendant les mois chauds, y est aussi facile
found nothing to compare with them etc.
qu'en Angleterre.
Addingy that work during the hot months
Citons, enfin,le morceau suivant d'un Franthere, was as easy as in England.
ais, M. Emmanuel Liais, qui sa qualit
Finally the following remarks of a Frenchd'astronome attacli 1'Observatoire de Paris
man, Mr Emmanuel Liais, who in his quality
donne une autorit spciale :
as astronomer at the Paris Observatory, is an
Disons, afin que l'on puisse se faire une
authority quite special, says : At lastone can
ide bien exacte des saisons dans les tropi form an exact idea of the seasons in the tro ques, que la tcmprature, pendant 1'liiver, y
pies, that the temperature there in winter is
est celle de l't en France, mais sans les
that of summer in France, but without the
jours touffants que celui-ci amne parfois
sultry days often experienced here in the hot
avec lui. Pendant l't, elle se distingue par
weather. During the summer in the tropics
de grandes chaleurs, que l'on endure, toute the heat is very great, but is however more
fois, plus facilement que chez nous. C'est la
easily borne than with us. It is the season of
saison des temptes, et celles-ci viennent,
storms, and these latter usually very heavy,
parfois, adoucir la temprature outran generally moderate the high temperature.
cire. En d'autres termes, un t perptuel,
I n other words a perpetuai summer softened
adouci, naturellement, par Taction des
naturally by the action of rain. Nothing
pluies.
more
exact, nothing more true!
B.ien de plus exact, rien de plus vrai!
Owing to the periodical rising of the river,
Grace aux crues priodiques du fleuve et
and
the natural excellence of the soil (the geola nature excellente de son sol exubrant, la
logical
constitution of the Amazons being of
constitution gologique de 1'Amazones tant
the
richest)
it is not astonishing to find that
des plus riches, on ne saurait trouver trange
this beautiful and fecund region is suitable to
que cette belle et fconde rgion soit apte
a great variety of culture, not only equatorial,
une foule de cultures, non seulement quatobut also nearly ali those of the temperate
riales, mais aussi presque toutes celles des

espontaneamente, isto , sem nenhuma especie de cultivo, as suas florestas se desentranhem em productos preciosos como so :
a gomma elastica (siphonia elastica), por
exeellenia; os innumeros extractos e oleos
com applicao medicinal e outras; o tabaco;
a variedade enorme de fructos silvestres,
emfim, de que se alimentam, em parte, os
indgenas e a copiosa fauna que as povoa.
Pois, alm da seringa, ou ccioiit-choiic dos
europeus, cujos trabalhos de extraco e
preparo constituem, como j ficou dito,
a primeira industria do Estado, produzem
as florestas amazonicas, entre muitas mais,
as seguintes verdadeiras preciosidades vegetaes :

pays temprs de 1'Europe. Presque spontanment, c'est--dire sans avoir recours

aucune espce do culture, ses forts surabondent en produits prcieux, tels que la gomme
lastiquq (siphonia elastica), d'excellente qualit; d'innombrables extraits et liuiles, utilisables en mdecine et pour d'autres objets; le
tabac; enfin, une norme diversit de fruits
sau vages, qui servent, pour la majeure partie,
la nourriture des indignes et de 1'abondante
faune qui y sjournent.
Puis encore, outrela seringa (ou caoutchouc,
eliez les Europens), dont 1'extraction et la
prparation forment, comme nous l'avons dit
dj, la principale industrie de TEtat, les
forts de 1'Amazones produisent, parmi bien
d'autres, les trsors vgtaux qui suivent:

MADEIRAS DE COXSTRUCAO

BOIS DE CHARPENTE

Bacury, ou Parcoury (Platonia insignis).

Alm de ser magnifica a madeira, tambm
esta arvore produz gomma elastica. (Altura
mdia, 20 a 25 metros; dimetro mdio, im5 a
2m5.)

Sucupira-Ass (Bowdichia virgilioides).

Preferida para construco de quilhas de navios. (Altura mdia, 20 a 25 metros; dimetro
mdio, im5 a 2m5.)
Ip, ou po d'arco (Tecoma chrysantha).
Empregada, com vantagem, em todo o genero
de construces. (Altura mdia, 12 metros;
dimetro mdio, om55.)
Pequi, ou Piqui (Cariocar brasiliensis).
Produz fructos esphericos, grandes, com

Bacury ou Parcoury (Platonia insignis).

Cet arbre, dont le bois est excellent, produit,
en outre, le caoutchouc. (Hauteur moyenne,
25 mtres; diamtre moyen, im5 2m5.)
Sucupira-Assu (Bowdichia virgilioides).
On lui donne laprfrencepourlaconstruction
des quilles de vaisseaux. (Hauteur moyenne,
20 25 mtres; diamtre, im5 2m5.)
Ip ou Pao d'arco (Tecoma chrysantha).
Employ indiffremment pour toutes les constructions. (Hauteur moyenne, 12 mtres;
diamtre, om55.)
Pequi a ou Piqui (Cariocar brasiliensis).
II produit de gros fruits sphriques qui renferment des noix et, en grande quantit, une

countries of Europe. Almost spontaneously,

that is to say, witliout liaving recourse to
any kind of cultivation, its forests abound in
precious produets, such as : India-rubber of
excellent quality, innumerable medicinal and
other oils, which may be utilized for a variety
of purposes, tobacco, and finally a great
variety of wild fruit, which form the principal
food of the natives, and the fauna which inliabit those forests.
Then again, besides the Seringa, 01* as it is
called in Europe, India-rubber, the extraction and prparation of which form, as we
have already said, the principal industry of the
States, the forests of the Amazon produce
other vegetal treasures, such as the following :
WOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION

Bacury or Parcoury (Platonia insignis).

This tree of which the wood is excellent, also
yields india-rubber. (Average height 25 meters; average diameter, im5 to 2m5.)
Sucupira-Assu (Bowdichia virgilioides).
This wood is employed by preference for the
keels of vessels. (Average height 20 to 25
meters; diameter, im5 to 2m5.)
Ip or Pao d'arco (Tecoma chrysantha).
Employed indifferenthy in ali kinds of construction. (Average lieight 12 meters; diameter, om55.)
Pequia or Piqui (Cariocar brasiliensis).
Produces large spherically shaped fruit, enclosing large quantities of nuts, containing a

cavidades contendo nozes e grande quantidade de determinada matria gorda, oleaginosa. Os indigenas aproveitam-na como
condimento e como alimento. (Altura mdia,
i i a 12 metros; dimetro mdio, im5 a 2 metros.)
Massaranduba (Mimusops balata). Muito
prpria para travessas de caminho de ferro
(chulipas) e construcoes navaes. Distila uma
especie de gutta-percha, ou leite, doce e assucarado,que parece poder substituir o de vacca,
como alimento. Da easca extrahe-se tanino e
determinado producto de tinturaria. (Altura
mdia, 20 a 25 metros; dimetro mdio, im5 a
3 metros.)
Po-ferro (Swastia tomentosa). Muito
rija, como o nome est indicando, e prpria
para todo o genero de construcoes e applicaoes industriaes. E'a Hucuya, Wanebala,
Panacoco ou Anacoco das colonias francezas.
Cedro branco (Cedrala odorata). E'o
acajou, por demais conhecido na Europa.
Itaba (Acrodiclidium itaubaChama-se
tambm Po-pedra, pela propriedade que
possue de nao apodrecer, embora exposta
durante largo tempo s intemperies. (Altura
mdia, 20 metros; dimetro mdio, 2 a 3 metros.)
Sapucaia (Lecythis ollaria). Empregada indiferentemente nas construcoes civis
e navaes. Existem varias especies. Produz
em frma de coco, cheio de amndoas oleagi-

substance grasse et huileuse qui sert d'alimentet d'assaisonnement aux indignes. (Hauteur moyenne, 11 12 mtres; diamtre, im5
2 mtres.)
Massaranduba (Mimusops balata). Trs
convenable pour la fabrication de traverses de
chemins de fer et pour les constructions navales. II distille du gutta-percha et une sorte
de lait doux et sucr, quipeut, ce qu'il parait,
remplacer celui de la vache comme nourriture. De son corce, on extrait le tanin et un
certain produit utilis en teinture. (Hauteur
moyenne, 20 25 mtres; diamtre moyen,
im5 3 mtres.)
Po-ferro (Swastia tomentosa). Trs dur,
comme 1'indique son nom, qui veut dire bois
de fer ; on Temploie tous genres de constructions et d'usages pour 1'iiidustrie. Dans
les colonies franaises, cet arbre est connu
sous les noms de Hucuya, Wanebala, Panacoco ou Anacoco.
Cedro branco (Cedrala odorata). C'est
1'acajou, bien connu en Europe.
Itauba (Acrodiclidium itauba). Aussi
nomm Po-pedra (bois de pierre), en considration de ses qualitsde rsistance; il ne pourrit jamais, mme quand il se trouve pendant
longtemps expos aux intempries. (Hauteur
moyenne, 20 mtres; diamtre moyen, 2
3 mtres.)
Sapucaia (Lecythis ollaria). Egalement
utilis dans les constructions terrestres et
navales. II y en a plusieurs espces. II porte
un fruit, qui ressemble au coco , rempli
d'amandes huileuses, comestibles et mdici-

fat oily substance, which serves the natives

for food, and which they also employ as condiment. (Average height 11 to 12meters; diameter, im5 to 2 meters.)
Massaranduba (Mimusops balata). Very
suitable for railway sleepers, and naval constructions. It distils gutta percha, and a
kind of sweet milk, which it appears may
be used as food in the place of cows milk.
Tannin is extracted from the bark, also a
certain product used for dyeing. (Average
height 20 to 25 meters; diameter, from,
im5 to 3 meters.)
Po ferro (Swastia tomentosa). Very
hard, as its nome "iron-wood" indicates; it is
employed in ali kinds of constructions, and
for ali sorts of industrial purposes. In the
French colonies this tree is known by the
names of the : Hucuya, Wanebala, Panacoco
or Anacoco.
Cedro branco (Cedrala odorata). Is the
mahogany well known in Europe.
Itauba (Acrodiclidium itauba). Also called Po-pedra (stone-wood), on account of its
resisting qualities, it never rots, even when
exposed for a long time to rough weather.
(Averageheight 20 meters; diameter, 2 to 3
meters.)
Sapucaia (Lecythis ollaria). Employed
indistinctly in civil and naval eonstructions;
there are several different kinds which bear
fruit resembling the cocoa-nut, containing an
oily substance, eatable and medicinal. The

nosas, comestveis e medicinaes. O proprio

coco offerece propriedades curativas no tratamento da diabetis. (Altura mdia, 20 a 25
metros; dimetro mdio, 2 metros a 2m5.)
Guarcib, ou Po roxo (Peltogyne macroicibium). Madeira de primeira qualidade.
(Altura mdia, 20 metros; dimetro mdio,
1 metro a im5.)
Accip (Andir Aubletii). Madeira escura
resistentssima. (Altura mdia, 22 a 25 metros;
dimetro mdio, 1 metro a im5.)
Guariuba (Galipea sp.). Resistente como
o po-pedra aco do ar e da agua. (Altura
mdia, 8 10 metros; dimetro mdio, om2o a
om3o.)
Umiry (Hiuniriiim floribundum). Madeira magnifica, fornecendo tambm a arvore precioso balsamo amarello, lmpido e
perfumado, o qual tem applicao idntica ao
balsamo do Per. (Altura mdia, i5 metros;
dimetro mdio, im6o.)
E innumeras outras, emfim, que no logar
aqui para individualisar detidamente.

nales. Le <c coco lui-mme renferme des

substances utiles dans le traitement du diabte. (Hauteur moyenne, 20 25 mtres;
diamtre moyen, 2 m. 2m5.)
Guarab ou Po roxo (bois rouge), (Peltogyne macrolabium). Bois de premire qualit. (Hauteur moyenne, 20 mtres; diamtre
moyen, 1 m. im5.)
Acapu (Andir Aubletii) rr- Bois de couleur
fonce, trs rsistant. (Hauteur moyenne, 22
25 mtres; diamtre moyen, 1 m. im5.)
Guariuba (Galipea sp). Possde les qualits de rsistance du po-pedra (itauba);
rsiste 1'action de l'air et de l'eau. (Hauteur
moyenne, 8 10 mtres; diamtre moyen,
om2o om3o.)
Umiry (Humirium floribundum). Bois
superbe. Cette espce fournit aussi une prcieuse liqueur jaune, limpide et parfume,
dont 1'usage est identique celui du baume
du Prou. (Hauteur moyenne, i5 mtres ; diamtre moyen, im6o.)
II en existe beaucoup d'autres, dont l'numration serait longue et inutile.

cocoa-nut itself contains medicinal properties

useful in tlie treatment of diabetes. (Average
height 20 to 25 meters; diameter, 2 to 2m5.)
Guarabu or Po roxo (red wood), (Peltogyne macrolabium). A wood Of tlie finest
quality. (Average height 20 meters; ordinary
diameter, 1 m. to im5.)
Acapu (Andir Aubletii). A dark coloured wood very resisting. (Average height 22
to 25 meters; average diameter, 1 to im5.)
Guariuba (Galipea sp). Possessing the
qualities and resistance of po-pedra (itauba);
it resists the action of air and water. (Average height 8 to 10 meters; average diameter,
0m20 to om3o.)
Umiry (Humirium floribundum). A superb wood. This kind furnishes a precious
yellow juice, limpid and perfumed, of which
the use is identical to that of the Balsam of
Peru. (Average height i5 meters; average
diameter, im6o.)
There exist many others of which the enumeration would be long and useless.

MADEIRAS DE MARCENARIA

BOIS DE MENUISERIE

WOOD FOR CARPENTERS AND JOINERS WORK

Com applicao a obras de marcenaria e

industrias similares no menos preciosa e
variada a colleco.
D'entre as principaes :
Andir mixi (Andir sp.); Cajaseiro (Spondia dulcis); Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis);
Ing-rana (Inga sp.); Jacarand-cabiuna
(Dalbergia nigra), especie de pallisandra, ou

La collection des bois utilisables en menuiserie et pour les industries similaires nrest
pas moins varie.
Citons parmi les principaux :
Andir mixi (Andir sp.); Cajaseiro (Spondia dulcis); Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis);
Inga-rana (Inga sp.); Jacaranda-cabiuna
(Dalbergia nigra), espce de palissandre ou

The collection of wood suitable for joinery

and similar industries, is not less varied.
The principal of which are :
Andir mixi (Andir sp.), Cajaseiro (Spondia dulcis), Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis),
Inga-rana (Inga sp.), Jacaranda-cabiuna
(Dalbergia nigra), kind of palisandre or
" holy w o o d " ; Muiracotiara (Centrolabium

po-santo; Muiracotiara (Centrolabium sp.),

amarella, tigrada de preto; Muirapinima
(Centrolabium Paraense);
Muirapiranga;
Po-rosa(Dicypellium sp.); P o-mulato (Pentaclethra filamentosa); Po-precioso (Mespilodaphne preciosa); Po-roxo do Amazonas
(Peltogyne venosa); Po-setim (Aspidosperma sp.); Tapiquarana, prpria para
bengalas; Umary (Geffroya superba); Uixy,
etc., etc.
SUBSTANCIAS ALIMENTCIAS

DENRES

Cafseiro arabico, que se encontra

no

estado quasi selvagem. Cacaoeiro (Theo-

broma), do qual nem menos de trez especies

existem no vale do Amazonas: Theobroma sp.,

Theobroma bicolor, e Theobroma sylvestris.

Ipad (Erythroxilon

coca), especie de

coca, que pode ser considerada como succedaneo ou substitutivo do ch-mate. Canna

d'assucar. Guaran (Paullinia

sorbilis),

com os gros ou sementes da qual se fabrica

uma bebida estimulante e de provada efficacia contra a dysenteria. Posse um alcalide
idntico cafena.
Alm de muitas outras.

so

bois saint ; Muiracotiara) Centrolabium

sp.), jaune ou tigr en noir; Muirapinima
(Centrolabium Paraense),
Muirapiranga,
Po-rosa (Dicypellium sp.), Po-mulato (Pentaclethra filamentosa), Po-precioso (Mespilodaphne preciosa), Po-roxo do Amazonas
(Peltogyne venosa); Po-setim (Aspidosperma
sp.), Tapiquarana; qui sert la fabrication
des cannes; Umary (Geffroya superba), Uixy,
etc., etc.

ALIMENTAIltES

Cafseiro arabico (cafier arabique), l'tat

presque sauvage. Cacauiro (Theobroma)
ou cacaoyer, dont il n'existe pas moins que
trois espces dans la valle de 1'Amazones.
Theobroma sp., Theobroma bicolor et Theobroma sylvestris; Ipadu (Erythroxilon coca);
sorte de coca que l'on peut considrer
comme un succdan du ch-mate . Canne sucre. Guarana (Paullinia sorbilis). On fabrique, avec les graines ou
semences de cet arbre, une boisson stimulante trs efficace pour le traitement de la
dyssenterie. II contient un alcalide analogue
la cafine.
II en existe quantit d'autres.

FCULAS

FCULES

Arvore do po (Artocarpus incisa); Mandioca amarga (Manihot utilssima); Man-

Arvore do po (arbre pain) (Artocarpus

incisa); Mandioca amarga (Manihot utilis-

sp.), yellow, or striped with black. Muirapinima (Centrolabium paraense), Muirapiranga, Po-rosa * Rose wood " (Dicypellium
sp,), Po mulato (Pentaclethra filamentosa),
Po-precioso (Mespilodaphne preciosa), Poroxo do Amazonas (Peltogyne venosa); Posetim (Aspidosperma sp.) "satin wood" Tapiquarana;
employed for making walking
sticks. Umary (Geffroya superba), Uixy,
etc., etc.
ALIMENTARY

COMMODITIES

Cafseiro arabico (arabic coffee-tree), wliicli

is almost wild. Cacauiro (Theobroma) or

cocoa-tree; of wliicli tliere exist no less tlian
tliree kinds in tlie Amazon valley. Theo-

broma sp.,Theobroma bicolor and Theobroma

sylvestris; Ipadu (Erythroxilon

coca); akind

of coca wliicli may be considered as a succe-

daneum to tlie ch-mate. Sugar canes.

Guarana (Paullinia

sorbilis). A stimula-

ting* drink is made from tlie grains, or seeds

of tliis tree, very efficacious in the treatment
of dysentry.

It contains, an alkaloid analo-

gous to caffeine.
There also exist many others.
FCULAS

Arvore do po (bread-tree) (Artocarpus incisa); Mandioca amarga (Manihot utilssima)

dioca doce o u Macaxeira

Arrow-root

(Maranta

(Manihot

aypi);

Arundinacea);

varias

especies de Batata doce (Convolvuliis batatas,

etc.;

Spomoea b., Batatas edulis),

varias

especies de Inhames, o u Cars (Dioscorea),

etc., etc.
ESPECIARIAS

A p e n a s as p r i n c i p a e s :
Cravo (Licaria

guyanensis);

Malagueta

(Amomum granum par adis is); Pimenta

Cayenna
(Vanilla

(Capiciun
sativa);

tomentosa);
Gengibre

de

frutescens);

Baunilha

Noz- moscada

(Myristica

Canella
(Amomum

(Genre

cinamomum);

zinziber);

Cumar

(Dipterix odorata), e t c . , e t c .

sima), m a n i o c a m e r . Mandioca doce o u

Macaxeira (Manihot aypi), m a n i o c d o u x .
Arrow-root (Maranta Arundinacea), d i v e r s e s
espces de Batata doce (Convolvulus batatas,
Spomcea b., batatas edulcis), p a t a t e s d o u c e s ,
e t c . ; d i v e r s e s espces d'Inhames o u Cars
(Dioscorea), e t c . , e t c .

b i t t e r m a n i o c . Mandioca doce o r Macaxeira

(Manihot aypi); s w e e t m a n i o c . Arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea; s u n d r y k i n d s
of Batata doce, s w e e t p o t a t o ; (Convolvulus
batatas, Spomcea b., batatas edulcis), etc.,
v a r i o u s k i n d s of Inhames o r Cars (Dioscorea), e t c . , e t c .

PICES

SPICES

Y o i c i les p r i n c i p a l es :
Cravo (Licaria guyanensis), c l o u s de g i r o les.Malagueta, M a l a g u e t t e (Amomum granum paradisis), Pimenta de Cayenna (Capiciun frutescens), p o i v r e d e C a y e n n e ! Baunilha (Vanilla sativa), v a n i l l e . Noz moscada (Myristica tomentosa), n o i x de m u s c a d e .
Canella (genre Cinamomum), c a n e l l e .
Gengibre (Amomum zinziber), g i n g e m b r c .
Cumaru (Dipterix*odorata), e t c .

T l i e p r i n c i p a l of w l i i c h a r e :
Cravo (Licaria guyanensis); c l o v e s .
Malagueta, M a l a g u e t t e . (Amomum granum
paradisis), g r a i n s of P a r a d i s e ; Pimenta de
Cayenna (Capiciun frutescens); c a y e n n e p e p p e r . Baunilha (Vanilla sativa); v a n i l l a .
Noz moscada (Myristica tomentosa); X u t m e g .
Canella (genre Cinamomum); c i n n a m o n .
Gengibre (Amomum zinziber); g i n g e r .
Cumaru (Dipterix odorata), etc.

FRUCTOS COMESTVEIS

FRU1TS COMESTIBLES

I n n u m e r a s v a r i e d a d e s de Bananas (Musa
sapientum, Paradisaca,
etc.J;
Popunha
(Guitielma sp.); Copu-ass; Ananaz; Mangaba (Hancornia sp.); Sorva (Callophora
utilisj; Cubio; Ing (Inga dulcis); Caj (Anacardium occidentale); Mamo (Carica Papava), e t c . , e t c .

D M n n o m b r a b l c s v a r i t s de b a n a n e s .
(Musa sapientum, paradisaca, e t c . j ; Popunha
(Guitielma sp.); Copu-assu, Ananaz, Mangaba (Ilancornia sp.), Sorva (Callophora
utilis); s o r b e ; Cubio; Inga (Inga
dulcis);
Caju (Anacardium occidentale); Mamao (Carica Papaya), e t c .

FIBRAS

TEXTIS

A l g o d o e i r o Algodoim, p e q u e n o a l g o d o e i r o
a m a z o n i c o ; Timb-ass, e i n n u m e r a s o u t r a s

FIBRES T X T I L ES

C o t o n n i e r Algodoim, o u p e t i t c o t o n n i e r de
1 ' A m a z o n e s ; Timbu-assu, e t a u t r c s l i a n e s

EATABLE

FRUIT

I n n u m e r a b l e v a r i e t i e s of b a n a n a s (Musa
sapientum, paradisaca, e t c . J ;
Popunha,
(Guitielma sp.); Copn-assu; Ananaz; Mangaba (Hancornia sp.); Sorva (Callophora
utilis); Cubio; Inga (Inga dulcis); Caju
(Anacardium occidentale); Mamao (Carica
Papaya), e t c .
TEXTILE

FIBRES

C o t t o n - t r e e Algodoim, o r s m a l l c o t t o n - t r e e ,
o f t l i e A m a z o n s ; Timbu-assu, a n d i n n u m -

especies de cips; Tucuman. (Astrocarym

tuciima); Piassava (Attalea funifera); Mirity
(Mauritia /lexuosa); Uaissima (Urena lobata);
Turari (Sterculia ivira); Embira (Xilopia
funifera); Ananaz (Bromelia ananas); Corau
(Bromelia Sagenaria); etc.
SUBSTANCIAS MEDICINAES

Alm d'algumas j referidas.

Ipecacuanha ou Poaya (Cephalis ipecacuanha.), conliecido expectorante e diaphoretico; Ratanhia (Krameria argentea), adstringente; Salsaparilha (Smilax Salseparilha) e
muitas outras variedades, depurativo do
sangue; Geneuna (Cassia brasiliana); Agrio
do Par (Spilanthes oZeraceaJ,anti-scorbutico,
febrfugo, etc.; Urary (Strychnos toxifera),
de que os indgenas extraem o veneno chamado curare, com que empeonham as flexas;
Spigelia(Spigeliaantehelmintica),vermiugo;
Begnia copaia, de casca emetica e purgativa,
ao passo que o fructoanti-sjrphilitico; Jaratacac (Brunsfelsia hopeana), empregado contra
as mordeduras das serpentes; Buranhem
(Chrysophyllum glycyph loeum); Canella
(Mespilodaphne sassafras); Copahiba (Copaifera guyanensis); Cumar (Dipterix odorata);
Cumary (Tydendron); Embyra (Xilopia sp.);
Gamelleira (Ficus doliaria); Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis); Pipirioca, aphrodisiaco;
Ip branco (Teconia sp.); Murta (Eugenia
lcida); Murur, depurativo e anti-syphi-

d'espces innombrables. Tucuman (Astrocarym tucuma); Piassava (Attalea funifera);

Mirity (Mauritia flexuosa), Uaissima (Urena
lobata); Tur uri (Sterculia ivira); Embira
(Xilopia funifera),Ananaz(Bromelia ananas);
Coraua (Bromelia Sagenaria), etc.
SUBSTANCES MDICINALES

En plus de celles dj cites :

Ipecacuanha ou Poaya (Cephalis ipecacuanha), le vomitif et diaphortique bien
connu. Ratanhia (Krameria argentea),
astringent. Salsaparilha (Smilax Salseparilha), salsepareille, dpuratif du sang; il y en
a plusieurs varits. Geneuna (Cassia brasiliana). Agrio do Para (Spilanthes oleracea)
ou cresson du Para, anti-scorbutique, fbrifuge, etc. Urary (Strychnos toxifera), dont
les indignes extraient le curare, qui leur
sert empoisonner les flches. Spigelia (Spigelici antehelmintica), vermifuge.
Begnia copaia; dont 1'corce a une action
mtique et purgative et dont le fruit est
anti sypliilitique. Jaratacaca (Brunsfelsia
hopeana); qui sert gurir les morsures
de serpents. Buranhem (Chrysophyllum glycyphloeum); Canella (Mespilodaphne
sassafras); Copahiba (Copaifera guyanensis); Cumaru (Diphterix odorata); Cumary
(Tydendron);Embyrd (Xylopia sp.); Gamelleira (Ficus doliaria); Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis); Pipirioca, aphrosidiaque. Ip
branco (Teconia sp.); Murta (Eugenia lcida), myrte. Murur; dpuratif et anti-

erable other kinds of bind-weed. Tucuman

(Astrocarym tucuma); Piassava (Attalea funifera), Mirity (Mauritia flexuosa); Uaissima
(Urena lobata); Tururi (Sterculia ivira), Embira (Xilopia funifera), Ananaz (Bromelia
ananas), Coraua (Bromelia Sagenaria), etc.
MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES

Besides those to which we have already

referred to, are :
Ipecacuanha or Poaya (Cephalis ipecacuanha); a well known emetic and diaphortic. Ratanhia (Krameria argentea); an
astringent. Salsaparilha (Smilax Salseparilha); Sarsaparilla,depuratory for the blood;
tliere are many different kinds. Geneuna
(Cassia brasiliana), Agrio do Para (Spilanthes oleracea) or cress of Para, anti-scorbutic febrifuge, etc. Urary (Strychnos
toxifera), from which the natives extract the
curare, that they employ to poison their
arrows. Spigelia (Spigelia antehelmintica), vermifuge. - Begnia copaia, of which
the bark is an emetic and purgative, and the
fruit anti-syphilitic. Jaratacaca (Brunsfelsia hopeana); which is used to cure snakebites. Buranhem (Chrysophyllum glycyphloeum),Canella (Mespilodaphne sassafras),
Copahiba (Copaifera guyanensis), Cumaru
(Diphterix odorata), Cumary (Tydendron),
Embyra (Xylopia sp.), Gamelleira (Ficus
doliaria); Genipapo (Genipa brasiliensis),
Pipirioca, aphrosidiac. Ip branco (Teconia sp.), Murta (Eugenia lcida), myrte.

litico; Pajur (Pleraginea sp,); Sucupiraperola (Bowdicliia virgilioides), o Tabaco,

etc., etc.
MATRIAS

OLEAGINOSAS

Tucum (Astrocarium vulgare); Caiau

(EIceis melanococca), palmeira que produz
amndoas comestveis; Bacaba (CEnocarpus
Bacaba), alm do oleo ser aproveitado como
condimento, o fructo comestvel e com elle
se prepara uma, bebida indigena; Patau
(CEnocarpus Bataua), mesmas propriedades
da anterior; Jauary (Astrocarium Jauary) ;
Jussra (Euterpe oleracea); Murumur (Astrocarium murumuru); Umiry (Humirium
floribundum); Guanandi ou Lantim (Calophyllum brasiliense); Mamoeiro (Carica
papaya), cujo fructo possue grandes propriedades vermfugas; Seringueira (Siphonia
elastica), que, alm do caout-chouc, produz o
chamado azeite de seringa, empregado na
manufactura do sabo e das tintas de imprensa; muitas variedades de Muscadeiras,
entre outras a Bicuhiba (Myristica bicuiba),
cujos oleos so empregados nas pharmacias e
entram no fabrico das vlas de illuminar;
Castanheiro (Bertlioletia excelsa); Lecythis;
Cacaoeiro (Theobroma cacao), d'onde extrada a manteiga de caco; Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale); Carapa ou Andiroba
(Carapa guyanensis), ctc., etc.

syphilitique. Pajura (Pleraginea sp.); Sucupira-perola (Bowdicliia virgilioides), le

tabac, etc.
SUBSTANCES

HUILEUSES

Tucum (Astrocarium vulgare); Caiau

(Eloeis melanococca), palmier qui produit des
amandes comestibles.^4 Bacaba (CEnocarpus
Bacaba), son huile sert d'assaisonnement et
ses fruits sont comestibles, on s'en sert pour
prparer une boisson indigne. Pataua
(CEnocarpus Bataua), possde les mmes proprits que 1'espce prcdente. Jauary
(Astrocarium Jauary); Jussara (Euterpe oleracea); Miirumuru(Astrocarium murumuru);
Umiry (Humiriumfloribundum);Guanandi
ou Lantim (Calophyllum brasiliense); Mamoeiro (Carica papaya), dont le fruit possde de grandes proprits vermifuges.
Seringueira (Syphonia elastica), qui outre le
caoutchouc, produit Yhuile de seringa, dj
mentionne (azeite de seringa); on s'en sert
dans les manufactures de savon et d'encres
d'imprimerie. Diverses varits de Muscadeiras, muscadiers, parmi lesquels le Bicuhiba
(Myristica bicuiba), dont les huiles servent
divers usages pliarmaceutiques, ainsi qu' la
fabrication des bougies. Castanheiro (Berthletia excelsa), marronnier. Lecythis;
Cacaoeiro (Theobroma cacao), dont on extrait
le beurre de cacao. Cajueiro (Anacardium
occidentale); Carapa ou Andiroba (Carapa
guyanensis), etc., etc.

Murur; depuratory and anti-syphilitic.

Pajura (Pleraginea sp.), Sucupira-perola
(Bowdicliia virgilioides), tobcco, etc.
OILY

SUBSTANCES

Tucum (Astrocarium vulgare), Caiau

(Elceis melanococca); palm-tree which bears
sweet almonds. Bacaba (CEnocarpus Bacaba); its oil is useful as a condiment, and its
fruit is atable'; a native drink is also prepared from it. Pataua (CEnocarpus Bataua); possesses the same properties as the
preceding kind. Jauary (Astrocarium
Jauary), Jussara (Euterpe oleracea), Murumuru (Astrocarium murumuru), Umiry (Humiriumfloribundum),Guanandi or Lantim
(Calophyllum brasiliense), Mamoeiro (Carica
papaya); of which the fruit possesses great
vermifuge properties. Seringueira (Syphonia elastica); which besides india-rubber,
gives the oil of seringa (azeite de seringa)
which is employed in the manufacture of soap,
also printer's ink. Different varieties of the
Muscadeiras, muscadiers, among which is the
Bicuhiba (Myristica bicuiba); of which the
oils serve for various pharmaceutical purposes, and is also employed in candle-making. Castanheiro (Bertholetia excelsa);
chestnut-tree. Lecythis; Cacaoeiro (Theobroma cacoa); from which cocoa-nut butter
is extracted. Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale), Carapa 01* Andiroba (Carapa guyanensis), etc., etc.

&3

M A T R I A S COLORANTES, ETC.

M A T I R E S COLORANTES

Macac (Macubea guyanensis); s a n g u n e a . Tatajuba de tinta (Maclura tinctoria),

a m a r e l l a . Mangueira vermelha (Rhizophora mangle); v e r m e l h a , a casca t a m b m
e m p r e g a d a p a r a c u r t i r c o i r o s . Barbatimo
(Pithecolobium avaremotemo); e m p r e g a d a a
casca e m t i n t u r a r i a , e t c . , e t c .

Rocouyer (Bixa orellana); o n e n e x t r a i t l a

c o u l e u r r o u g e . Acari-cuara;
la couleur
olive.Cicait; 1'encre c r i r e i n a l t r a b l e .
Macacu (Macubea guyanensis); e l l e d o n n e
l a c o u l e u r s a n g u i n e . Tatajuba de tinta
(Maclura tinctoria);
la couleur jaune.
Mangueira vermelha (Risophora
mangle);
v e r m i l l o n , s o n c o r c e s e r t a u t o n n a g e des
c u i r s . Barbatimao (Pithecolobium avaremotemo); d o n t l ' c o r c e est u t i l i s e p o u r l a t e i n t u r e r i e , etc., etc.

GOMMAS, RESINAS, ESSENCIAS, ETC.

GOMMES, RESINES, ESSENCES, E T C .

Rocouyer (Bixa

Orellana); f o r n e c e a c o r

v e r m e l h a . Acari-cuara;

a verde-azeitona.

Cicait; t i n t a p a r a e s c r e v e r

inaltervel.

Caj (Anacardium occidentale); Mangueira;

Coqueiro; Sucuba (Myristia);
(Vismia guyanensis);

Po de lacre

Icicariba (Icica icica-

riba); Jatob (Hymenoea courbaril);

(Siphonia gobuliphera);

Ounany

Po de breu (Icica

glabra); Sorveira (Collophora utilis); Sassafras (Mespilodaphne sassafras); e t c . , e t c .

BALSAMOS

Benjoim (Benzoin officinle);

Berib (Rol-

linia sp.); Jacar-uba (Calophyllum

liense); Tamaquar;
ribundum);
Sem falar

brasi-

Umiry (Hiimirium

flo-

e t c . , etc.
das i n n u m e r a s v a r i e d a d e s d e

ceras vegetaes, do Po marfim

(Elephantusa

e tantas outras

preciosidades

macrocarpa)

COLOURING

MATTER

Rocouyer (Bixa orellana); f r o m w h i c h a

r e d c o l o u r is e x t r a c t e d . T h e f o l l o w i n g a l s o
f u r n i s h c e r t a i n c o l o u r s . Acari-cuara, o l i v e . Cicait, a n i n a l t e r a b l e w r i t i n g i n k .
Macacu (Macubea guyanensis); g i v e s a b l o o d
c o l o u r . Tatajuba de tinta (Maclura tinctoria); y e l l o w . Mangueira vermelha (Risophora mangle); v e r m i l i o n ; i t s b a r k i s u s e d
f o r t a n n i n g l e a t l i e r . Barbatimao (Pithecolobium avaremotemo); of w h i c h t h e b a r k i s
employed i n d y e i n g , etc., etc.

GUMS, RESINS, ESSENCES,

ETC.

Caju(Anacardium
occidentale);Mangueira,
m a n g a i e r ; Coqueiro, c o c t i e r ; Sucuuba (My
ristica); Po de lacre (Vismia guyanensis);
Icicariba (Icica icicariba); Jotoba (Hymenoea
courbaril); Ounany (Siphonia
globulifera);
Po de breu (Icica glabra); Sorveira (Collophora ulilis), s o r b i e r ; Sassafras (Mespilodaphne sassafras); etc., e t c .

Caju (Anacardium occidentale); Mangueira,

m a n g o - t r e e ; Coqueiro, c o c a o - t r e e ; Sucuuba
(Myristia); Pode lacre (Vismiaguyanensis);
Icicariba (Icica icicariba), Jotoba (Hymenoea
courbaril); Ounany (Siphonia
globulifera);
Po de breu (Icica glabra); Sorveira (Collophora utilis), s o r b i e r 01* m o u n t a i n a s h ; Sassafras, (Mespilodaphne sassafras); e t c . , e t c .

BAUMES

BALSAMS

Benjoim (Benzoin officinle); Berib (Rollinia sp.); Jacar-uba (Calophyllum

brasiliense); Tamaquar ; Umiry (Humizium floribitndum); e t c . , e t c .
JSTOUS n e c i t e r o n s p a s i c i les i n n o m b r a b l e s
v a r i t s de c i r e s v g t a l e s , a i n s i q u e q u a n t i t
d ' a u t r e s r i c h e s s e s n a t u r e l l e s , t e l l e s q u e l e Po
marfim (Elephantusa macrocarpa),
bois-

Benjoim (Benzoin officinle); Beriba (Roltinia sp.); Jacar-uba (Calophyllum

brasiliense); Tamaquar; Umiry;(Humizium
floribundum); e t c . , e t c .
"Without inentioning liere tlie nuinberless
v a r i e t i e s o f vegetable wax, a l s o q u a n t i t i e s o f
otlier natural riclies t h a t abound i n tliat reg i o n , s u c h as Po marfim (Elephantusa ma-

naturaes que a b u n d a m na regio do Amazonas

i v o i r e ; 1'Amazones est, sous ce r a p p o r t , u n e

v e r d a d e i r o m a n a n c i a l de q u a n t o a N a t u r e z a

s o u r c e i n t a r i s s a b l e d e t o u t ce q u e l a n a t u r e a

p r o d u z de m a i s u t i l e de m a i s r i c o .

p r o d u i t de plus u t i l e e t de plus p r c i e u x .

P a s s a n d o ao r e i n o

fizemos

Occupons-nous maintenantdurgne animal.

ceder a vez ao v e g e t a l c o n t r a t o d a s as p r a x e s

Suivant l'usage tabli,nous aurions d u donner

de precedencia estatudas, dada a e x t r a o r d i -

l a p r s a n c e c e l u i - c i ; nous* n e l ' a v o n s pas

naria

fait, en raison de Fextrme importance

importancia

resumidos

traos,

animal,

d'este

que

registremos,

os p r i n c i p a e s

em

du

represen-

rgne vgtal. Voici donc une liste rsume

tantes da fauna das florestas e dos r i o s a m a -

d e s p r i n c i p a u x r e p r s e n t a n t s d e la. f a u n e d e s

zonenses.

f o r t s et des eaux de i ' A m a z o n e s .

crocarpa), i v o r y - w o o d ; t h e A m a z o n s i s i n
t h i s r e s p e c t a n i n e x l i a u s t i b l e source of a l i t l i a t
n a t u r e lias produced, t h e m o s t useful, a n d tlie
most precious.
L e t u s n o w t u r n o u r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e Animal World; a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e s t a b l i s l i e d r u l e ,
we sliould liave given this latter tlie precedence; i f w e liave n o t done so, i t i s on
a c c o u n t of t h e e x t r e m e i m p o r t a n c e of t h e
Vegetable Kingdom.
H e r e i s a s l i o r t l i s t , o f t l i e p r i n c i p a l fauna
o f the forests a n d w a t e r s o f t h e A m a z o n :

M A M M l FEROS

MAMMIFERES

MAMMIFERS

Quadrumanos. Guaribas(Simia
Mycetis),
o u m a c a c o s b o r r a d o r e s ; Coats (Ateies Marg inatas, A. paniscus), e t c .
Barrigudos;
Sais o u macacos capuchinos; Saguins; d ' e n t r e
m u i t a v a r i e d a d e c i t a r e m o s os d e p e l a g e m
c i z e n t o - p r a t e a d a (J. humeralifer);
negra,
c o m o n d u l a e s c i n z e n t a s 110 c o s t a d o (M.
hursulos);
v e r m e l h a (C. moloch), o f o r m o s o s a g u i m p r e t o Para-uass (P. hirsuta);
etc. etc.,

Quadrumanes.Guaribas (Simia Mycetis),

o u s i n g e q u i b e u g l e ; Coatas (Ateies marginatus, A. paniscus), e t c . Barrigudos,
Sais,ou
s i n g e c a p u c i n ; Saguins;
e n t r e l e u r s 110111brcuses v a r i t s n o u s c i t e r o n s les s u i v a n t s :
c c u x p o i l s g r i s a r g e n t e s (J.
humeralifer);
ceux poils n o i r s rays de g r i s s u r lo dos
(M. hursulos); c e u x p o i l s r o u g e s (C. moloch); l e j o l i s a g u i n n o i r , Para uassu (P. hirsuta); e t c . , e t c .

Quadrumana. Guaribas (Simia Mycetis),

o r b e l l o w i n g m o n k e y ; Coatas (Ateies marginatus, A. paniscus), e t c . B a r r i g u d o s , Sais,
o r Capucin Monkey;
Saguins, w h i c h 011
account of tlie enormous v a r i e t y , w e can o n l y
mention the following, viz : Tliose witlis ilverg r e y l i a i r (J. humeralifer);
tliose w i t l i b l a c k
l i a i r , s t r i p e d w i t h g r e y o n t h e b a c k (M. hursulos) ; t l i o s e w i t h r e d h a i r ('C. moloch), t l i e p r e t t y
b l a c k s a g u i n , Para uass (P. hirsuta), e t c . ,

Carnvoros. Ona commum (Felis ona);

Ona negra (F. ona nigra);
Ona ruiva
(F. concolor); o n a d e p e l l o c i n z e n t o e b r a n c o
(F. pardal is), d e n o m i n a d a p e l o s i n d g e n a s
Pacovasorroca: Ona maracaj (F.
tigrina);
Jaguar (F. ona); e t c . , e t c .

Carnvoras. Ona commum (Felis ona);

Ona negra (F. ona nigra); Ona ruiva (F.
concolor); o n c e a u p o i l g r i s e t b l a n c (F. pardal is), q u e l e s i n d i g e n e s n o m m e n t Pacovasororoca; Ona maracaja (F. tigrina);
Jaguar
(F. ona); e t c . , e t c .

Carnvora. Ona commum (Felis ona)

Ona negra, (F.ona
nigra);
Ona ruiva
(F. concolor); grey a n d w l i i t e o n a , (F. pardal is) w l i i c l i t h e n a t i v e s c a l l b y t h e n a m e o f
Pacovasororoca; Ona maracaja (F. tigrina);
Jaguar, (F. ona); e t c .

Roedores. Capivara (Ilydrochoerus

capibara); Paca, so m a i s c o n h e c i d a s d u a s e s p e -

Rongeurs. Capivara
(Hydrochoeruscapibaraj; Paca, d o n t l e s d e u x e s p c e s c i - a p r s

liodentia. Capivara (Hydrochoerus

capibara); Paca, o f w l i i c l i t l i e m o s t k n o w n a r e :.

cies : (Coelegenys fulva e C. subnigra);

Cotia (Dasyprocta agouti); etc., etc.

sont les plus connues : (Coelegenys fulva, et

C. subnigra); Cotia (Dasyprocta agouti); etc.

(Coelegenys fulva and C. subnigra); Cotia

(Dasyprocta agouti); etc., etc.

Pachydermes. Tapir ou Anta (Tapirus

americanus); Pecari (Dicotyles labiatus e D.
torquatus), so as duas especies mais communs.

Pachydermes. Tapir ou Anta (Tapirus

americanus); Pecari (Dicotyles labiatus et
D, torquatus), qui sont les deux espces les
plus communes.

P achy der mata. Tapir or Anta (Tapirus

americanus); Pecari (Dicotyles labiatus and
D. torquatus), are the two most common
kinds.

Ruminantia. Various species of Veados

Ruminantes. Variadas especies de VeaRuminants. Diverses espces de Veados
dos (Cervus campestris, C. palustris, C. nemo-(Cervus campestris, C. palustris, C. nemori- (Stags); (Cervus campestris, C. palustris,
C. nemorivagus, C. rufus); etc., etc.
tivagus, C. rufus); etc., etc.
vagus, C. rufus); etc., etc.
Desdentados. Tats de diversas especies,
dents. Plusieurs espces de Tatous,
entre as quaes a mais commum : Tat-ass parmi lesquelles le Tatu-assu (Dasipus
(Dasipus gigas); Tamandus; a Preguia,
gigas) est la plus commune. Tamanduas;
etc., etc.
Preguia; etc., etc.
Cetceos. Peixe-boi (Manatus americanus ou australis), ou o Goarba dos indios e
o Peixe-cao (Phoccena brasiliensis), que o
Pira-jaguara dos indios.
A carne do peixe-boi comestvel, sendo
objecto de commercio, secca, sob o nome de
mixira; da gordura fabrica-se excellente oleo
para illami nao.
AVES

De rapina. Urub, da qual so conhecidas muitas especies (Cathartes foetens, C.

aura, C.jota), etc., sendo a mais rara o Urub-tinga,ou Urub branco, que dizem os indgenas ser o rei dos urubus, Jacurut (Strix

Ctacs. Peixe-boi (Manatus americanus

ou australis), poisson-boeuf; c'est le Goaraba
des Indiens; Peixe-cao (Phoccena brasiliensis),
poisson-chien ou Pira-jaguara des Indiens.
La chair da Peixe-boi est comestible; sche
elle fait 1'objet d'un commerce et se vend sous
le nom de mixira; on fabrique avec sa graisse
une excellente huile d'clairage.
OISEAUX

Oiseaux de proie. Urubu; il en existe

beaucoup d'espces (Cathartes fcetens,C.aura,
C.jota), etc. La plus rare est YUrubu-tinga,
ou Urubu blanc, que les indignes nomment
le roi des Urubus. Jacurutu (Strix nacurutu);

Edentata. There are several kinds of

Tatus, among which are the Tatu-assu (Dasipus gigas) is the most common; Tamanduas; Preguia, etc., etc.
Cetacea. Peixe-boi (Manatus americanus
or australis, fish-ox, which is the Goarba of
the natives; Peixe-cao (Phoccena brasiliensis)
dog-fisli or Pira-jaguara of the Indians. The
flesh of the Peixe-boi (fisch-ox) is eatable,
and after being dried is sold under the name
of mixira; an excellent oil for lighting is
cxtracted from the fat.
BIRDS

Bi rs of prey. Urubu; there exists

many of this kind, (Cathartes foetens, C.aura,
C. jota), etc. The rarest of ali being tne
Urubu-tinga or white urubu, which the natives
call the king of the urubus. Jacurutu (Strix

naciirutu); Caraxo, ou Sabi, que o

rouxinol do Brasil; Japiym, ou Checho
(Oriolus icterus gam); etc., etc.

Caraxo, ou Sabia, qui est le rossignol du

Brsil; Japiym, ou Checho (Oriolus icterus
gam); etc., etc.

nacurutu); Caraxo, or Sabia, which is the

nightingale of Brasil; Japiym, or Checho
(Oriolus icterus gam), etc., etc.

Trepadoras.. Innumera variedade de

Papagaios, de Periquitos e de Araras, entre
as quaes se distingue o Maracan (Conurus),
formoso papagaio amarello; d'entre os Tucanos
(Ramphastos discolorus) tambm so varias
as especies conhecidas.

Oiseaux grimpeurs. Une varit innombrable de Papagaios,perroquets; Periquitos,

perruches; d1Araras, parmi lesquels on distingue le Maracana (Conurus); de nombreuses
espces de perroquets jaunes, dont les Tucans
(Ramphastos discolorus) sontunedes varits.

Climbing Birds. An innumerable variety

of Papagaios (parrots); Periquitos (perroquets), of A raras, remarkable among which, is
the Maracana (Conurus); numerous kinds of
yellow parrots of which the Tucans (Ramphastos discolorus) form a part.

Gallinaceas. Jacs (Penlope); extensa

variedade de Mutuns (Crax), taes como Mutum-pinima (Crax discors); Mutum-miry
(C. tuberosa); Mutum-ass (C. globulosa),
Poranga ou formoso mutum (C. rubrirostris);
Agamy ou Jacamy (Psopliia crepitans); Unicornio (Palamedea); varias especies de
Nhamb (Crypturus), taes como Nhambqui ou Pixuna (C. cinereus); Nhamb-tor
(C. serratus), etc.; Cigana (Opistocomus) >
Juruty (Columba cabocolo); etc., etc.
Deve-se notar que a maior parte d'estas
gallinaceas pertencem a typos que no existem seno no Brasil.

Gallinacs. Jacus (Penelope); une grande

varit de Mutuns (Crax), tels que : Mutumpinima (Crax discors); Mutum-miry (C. tuberosa); Miitum-assu (C. globulosa); Poranga,
ou Formoso mutum(C.rubrirostris); Agamy,
ou Jacamy (Psopliia crepitans); Unicornio
(Palamedea) ; plusieurs espces de Nhambu
(Crypturus), telles que : Nhambu-quia, ou
Pixuna (C. cinereus); Nhambu-toro (C. serratus;) etc. Cigana (Opistocomus); Juruty
(Columba cabocolo);'etc,, etc.
II est remar quer que la majeure partie de
ces gallinacs appartiennent des races qui
n'existent qu'au Brsil.

Gallince. Jacus (Penelope); large

variety of Mutuns (Crax); such as : Mutumpinima (Crax discors); Mutum-miry (C. tuberosa); Mutum-assu (C. globulosa); Poranga
or Formoso mutum (Ci rubrirostris);
Agamy, or Jacamy (Psopliia crepitans);
such as also Unicornio (Palamedea); several
kinds of Nhambu (Crypturus), as the : Nhambu-quia, or Pixuna (C. cinereus); Nhambutoro (C. serratus), etc. Cigana (Opistocomus); Juruty (Columba cabocolo), etc.
It must be remarked that the greater part
of these gallinaceous tribes exist only in
Brazil.

Pernaltas. Aguapaoca ou Peaoca

(Para Jacana); Jaburu-moleque, ou Marab
(Mycteria americana); Magoary (Ciconia
maguari); e Nandii ou Ema (Rhea americana) a que chamam tambm Avestruz da
America.
A familia dos longirostros acha-se representada pelo Ibis ou Guar (Ibis rubra), que
uma ave verdadeiramente bella.

Echassiers. Aguapaoca, ou Peaoca

(Para Jacana); Jaburu-moleque, ou Marbu
(Mycteria americana); Magoary (Ciconia
magoary), et Nandu ou Ema (Rhea americana); aussi appel Avestruz da America, ou
autruche d'Amrique.
La famille des longirostres y est reprsente par VIbis, ou Guar (Ibis rubra), qui est
un oiseau de toute beaut.

Grallatores. Aguapaoca, ou Peaoca

(Para Jacana), Jaburu-moleque, or Marabu
(Mycteria americana); Magoary (Ciconia
magoary), and Nandu or Ema (Rhea Americana); also called : Avestruz da America
(American ostrich). The family of the
longirostres is there represented by the
Ibis, or Guar (Ibis rubra), a bird of real
beauty.

E, para no alargar mais o capitulo relativo

ornitliologia, passemos desde j classe
zoologica dos

Afin de ne pas allonger ce chapitre relatif

Fornithologie, passons maintenant la classe
des

In order not to too prolong this cliapter

relating to ornithology, let us now pars to
the class of

REPTIS

REPTILES

REPTILES

Na ordem dos clieloneos temos toda a especie de Tartaruga aquatica e terrestre : Tartaruga cVagua doce (Emis
dumeriliana);
Matmat (Testudo plana sapida); Cabeudo;
Capitary, havido como sendo o macho da
tartaruga; Aiass; Aparema (Testudoplana
sapida); Uayanury; Tracaj: Jaboty (Testudo
ter r est ris); etc.

Dans 1'ordre des chloniens, citons d'abord

plusieurs espces de tortues aquatiques et terrestres : Tartaruga (Vagua doce, tortue d'eau
douce (Emis dumeriliana); Matamatd (Testudo plana sapida); Cabeudo; Capitary, que
l'on croit tre le mle de la tortue ; Aiassa;
Aparema (Testudo plana sapida); Uayanury;
Tracaja; Jaboty (Testudo terrestris); etc.
Les sauriens nous offrent des espces multiples de Caimo ou Alligator, qui est le
Jacar, ou crocodilo de 1'Amazones. Ce sont:
le Caimo commum(Alligator cynocephalus),
caiman commun; Alligator palpebrosus; Caimo de oculos (Crocodilus sclerops), caiman
lunettes; etc., etc.
A cette moine espce zoologique, il faut
joindre un grand nombre de lzards, Lagartos, et de camlons, Camalees; que les
Indiens dsignent sous le 110111 de Senamby.
Les plus connus sont le A gama picta et
Acatenata.
Les ophidiens forment une eolleetion interminable. Le Sucuriju, Sucuruju ou Sucuriu,
(Boa scytale); c'est le plus grand serpent
aquatique du pays; il atteint quelquefois
20 mtres de longueur. Lo Jararaca (Trigonocephalus J. et Copliias atrox), qui mesure,
parfois, 2 mtres et dont la morsure est trs
dangereuse; Jaquiranan-boya (Fulgora Ian-

In tlie order of chelonia, we will first mention several kinds of land and sea-tortoises :
The Tartaruga d'agua doce, fresli water
tortoise (Emis dumeriliana); Matamata (Testudo plana sapida; Cabeudo; Capitary,
which is believed to be the inale tortoise;
Aiassa; Aparema (Testudo plana sapida);
Uayanury; Tracaja; Jaboty (Testudo terrestris); etc.
The sauria offer us mltiplo kinds of Caimao 01* American crocodile, the Jacar especially favouring the Amazon waters. There
are the Caimo Commum (Alligator cynocephalus) common caiman; Alligator palpebrosus, Caimo de oculos, spectacled caiman
(Crocodilus sclerops); etc., etc.
To this samc zoological class we must join
a large number of lizards, Lagartos, and Camalees, that the Indians design by the name
of Senamby; the most common are the Agama
picta and Acatenata.
The ophidia form an interminable eolleetion : The Sucuriju, Sucuruju or Sucuriu,
(Boa scytale), is the largest aquatic serpent
of the country; it measures sometimes 20 meters in lengtli. The Jararaca (Trigonocephalus J. and Copliias atrox) often measuro
2 meters, their bite is very dangerous; Jaquiranan-boya (Fulgora lanternaria) or small

Os saurios offereccm-nos multplices espcies de Caimo ou Alligator, que vem a ser o

Jacar, ou crocodilo do Amazonas. Ha, assim,
o Caimo cominum (Alligator cynocephalus);
o Alligator palpebrosus; o Caimo de oculos
(Crocodilus sclerops); etc., etc.
N'esta mesma ordem zoologica cabe bom
numero de Lagartos e de Camalees, a que os
indios chamam Senamby. Entre estes ltimos
os mais conhecidos so o A gama picta e o
Acatenata.
Na ordem dos opliidios interminvel a
colleco. O Sucurij, Sucuriy ou Sucuri
(Boa scytale); a maior serpente aquatica da
regio, chegando a medir 20 metros. A Jararaca (Trigonocephalus J. e Copliias atrox)|
attinge 2 metros, sendo a sua mordedura
muito perigosa; a Jaquiranan-boya, ou pequena serpente alada (Fulgora lanternaria%
cuja picada terrvel; a Serpente-coral; diffe-

rentes variedades de Bas ou Giboias (Boa

Cenchria); ete., etc.
E, pois que a classe dos batracliios de pouco
interesse pode offerecer-se ao curioso, a dos
peixes por tal frma se aclia representada nos
rios da Amaznia que uma referencia rapida
nenhuma ida aproximada daria da sua importncia. E como a dos molluscos, dos crustceos e, ainda, a dos insectos por egual
demandariam longos desenvolvimentos
incompatveis com este trabalho, ficaremos
por aqui, pelo que se refere ao reino animal,
na certeza de que j poder fazer o leitor,
a respeito d'elle, juizo seno seguro pelo
menos mais que lisonjeiro.
Em todo o caso no ser o assumpto abandonado sem uma pequena referencia ao peixe
mais importante do rio Amazonas, e que
objecto de importante commercio no s no
interior como com as cidades, pois constitue
por assim dizer a base do alimento da populao pobre d'estas. E', para o amazonense,
o que o bacalhau para uma importante parte
dos povos da Europa.
Trata-se do Piraruc (Sud is gigas) que se
encontra no s no rio, propriamente dito,
como em quasi todos os cursos de agua da
regio, lagos, etc. Chega a attingir mais de
2 metros de comprimento, a sua carne saborosa, superior mesmo do bacalhau, no dizer
dos naturaes, e o seu nome, piraruc, deriva
das duas palavras tupis : pira, que quer dizer
peixe, e uruc, encarnado.
Ultimamente, secco, comeou a ser exportado para os outros Estados da Unio. No do

ternaria) ou petit serpent ail , dont la

piqure est terrible; Serpente-coral, serpent
corallin; plusieurs varits de boas ou Giboias
(Boa Cenchria); etc.
La classe des batraciens ne pouvant intresser le curieux que mdiocrement; celle des
poissons qui peuplent les eaux de 1'Amazones,
tant tellement considrable, qu'une numration rapide ne pourrait en donner aucune
ide; celle des mollusques et des crustacs,
exigeant, pour tre dtaille, des dveloppements incompatibles avec le cadre de ce travail, nous arrtons ici notre description du
rgne animal, avec la certitude que le leeteur
aura pu s'en faire une ide sinon complte,
tout au moins suffisante.
Ne quittons pas ce sujet, cependant, sans
avoir fait mention du poisson le plus important du fleuve des Amazones, qui fait l'objet
d'un commerce considrable, non seulement
dans l'intrieur, mais aussi dans les villes;
car il forme, en quelque sorte, la base de la
nourriture des populations pauvres. II est,
pour les Amazoniens, ce qu'est la morue pour
une grande partie des peuples de l'Europe.
Nous parlons du Pirarucu (Sudis gigas);
on le rencontre non seulement dans le fleuve
proprement dit, mais aussi dans presque tous
les curs d'eau,lacs, etc., de la rgion. Salongueur atteint parfois plus de 2 mtres; sa
chair est savoureuse, suprieure mme celle
de la morue, ce que disent les indignes.
Son nom, pirarucu, drive de deux mots
tupis : pira, poisson, et urucu, rouge.
On a commenc depuis peu l'exporter

winged serpent, of which the sting is terrible;

Coral Serpent, several varieties of boas, or
Giboias (Boa Cenchria), etc.
The batracian class calls forth but little
interest for the curious; wliile that of the
fisli, which move and have their being in the
waters of the Amazon, is so considerable that
a rapid enumeration could give no idea of its
importance; the class of mullusk and crustacean, to be given in detail, would demand a
developpement of description incompatible
with the limit of this work. We close here
our description of the animal kingdom, with
the certitude that the reader will have been
able to form an idea, if not complete, at least
sufficient.
We must not lio we ver quit this subject witliout making mention of the most important
fishof the ri ver Amazon, whicli formsan object
of commerce considerable, not only in the
interior of the country, but also in the towns;
for it is in a great measure the ordinary food
of the poorer population; it is for the Amazonians, what salt cod is for a large part of
Europeans.
We speak of the Pirarucu (Sudis gigas);
that is to be found not only in the Amazon
itself, but in the numerous water courses,
lakes, etc. of the country. This fish sometimes measures more tlian 2 meters in lengtli,
its flesh is savoury, and in the opinion of the
natives, superior to the cod fish. The name
pirarucu, is derived from two words tupis :
pira (fish), and urucu (red).
It is now exported dried, into the various

Par, de lia muito consumido em grande

escala.
E resta-nos, por fim, o reino mineral, o
qual se encontra menos estudado na regio,
por isso mesmo que, permanecendo ainda em
grande parte por explorar as riquezas que
o sol illumina, a necessidade no impelle a ir
desanicliar as que, porventura, jazam occultas no seio da terra.
Em todo o caso fortes as previses so da
existencia de verdadeiros tliesouros subterrneos nos territorios do Estado, previses
baseadas no s em antigas e em recentes descobertas arclieologicas, como em modernos
estudos devidos a nacionaes e a extrangeiros.
Nomeadamente da existencia de hulha, de
porphyro, de cristal de rocha e de sal gemma
indicios muito seguros se contam. A pedrapomes encontra-se nos bancos do rio Solimoes, ou Alto Amazonas.

1'tat sec, dans les divers autres Etats de

rUnion. L'Etat du Para en fait dj une
grande consommation.
Nous terminerons en parlant du rgne
minral. C'est jusqu'ici celui qui a t le
moins tudi, et cela pour la raison qu'une
grande partie des richesses que le soleil
claire n'a pas encore t explore, et que
nul intrt ne pousse rechercher celles
enfouies dans le sein de la terre.
On peut prsumer cependant de 1'existence
de vritables trsors souterrains dans toutes
les parties de 1'Amazones. Ces prsomptions
sont bases sur des dcouvertes archologiques
anciennes et rcentes, ainsi que sur des
tudes duesdes nationaux et des trangers.
On y trouve des ndices nombreux de l'exis
tence de la houille, du porphyre, du cristal de
roche et du sei gemme. On rencontre la pierre
ponce sur les banes du fleuve Solimoes ou
Alto-Amazonas.

other States of the Union. The Para State

already consumes large quantities.
Finally, there only remains for us to speak
of the mineral kingdom. Up to the present
time this has been the least studied, and for
the reason, that a large part of the riches
which the sun lights upon, has not yet been
explored, and interest has not yet been pushed so far as to lay bare those which lie invisibly hidden in the earth.
It may be however presumed that there
exist real subterranean treasures in ali parts
of the Amazon States.
These previsions are based upon ancient
and recent archeological discoveries, as well
as upon native and foreign studies.
Numerous indications of the existence of
coal have been found there, also of porphyry,
rock-crystal, and rock-salt, Pumice stone
is met with on the banks of the river Solimoes, or Alto Amazonas.

III
Lendas e tradies. Historia.
Administrao publica. A
Constituio em vigor. O actual governo.

qual ainda hoje se aprei senta de sua natureza, este paiz to

pujante de riquezas espontaneas e
justamente envaidecido do bello e
omnipotente sol que o illumina predispondo miragem, aos devaneios phantasiosos
em estirada rede, nas sombras dos palmares
comprehende-se que pela lenda andem immersas no s a origem do seu nome Amazonas -, como at a memoria dos seus primeiros
pioneiros.
Seria, em remotas eras, habitado de facto por
amazonas? to tempo dos primeiros viajantes
ainda d'ellas existiria trao? No passaria,
jamais, de phantasista inveno quanto
sobre o assumpto correu mundo, e de que
no perdura uma s prova material, mas
apenas testemunhos escriptos e por demais
suspeitos?
Eis um mysterio que defende bem avaramente a prpria chave; tem sabido resistir
aos esforos de bom numero de investigadores; qui no deixar traspassar nunca a
sua opacidade, concorrendo assim para con-

Legendes and traditions.

History. . P u b l i c Administrations. Constitution in
force. Present Government.

Lgendes et traditions. Histoire. Administration publique. Constitution en vigueur.

Gouvernement actuei.

iiktk
i(^\Endahio

III

III

W
i l'on s'imagine bien la richesse
spontane et puissante de ce pays,
' la beaut et l'omnipotence du soleil
qui 1'claire, on comprendra aussi
la prdisposition aux mirages et aux
rves bizarres de ceux qui Fhabitent, sous le
charme berceur des hamacs suspendus
1'ombre des palmiers. Est-ce l, plutt que
dans les souvenirs et les lgendes peu prcises
de ses premiers pionniers, qu'il faut chercher
l'origine du nom 1'Amazones ?
A-t-il t habit en des temps lointains par
des amazones? Les premiers voyageurs ont-ils
trouv des traces de leur passage? Ne serait-ce
lqu'une inventinfantasque? Tout ce qui a
t dit ce propos est sujet caution; car il
n'en reste aucune preuve matrielle, mais
simplement des tmoignages crits dont on
peut se dfier.
C'est donc un mystre impntrable et qui,
jusqu' prsent, a rsist toutes les investigations. II est douteux qu'on puisse l'claircir
un jour, car ce qui contribue garder intacte
cette atmosphre vague, insaisissable et merveilleuse, c'est le voile qu'y ont jet ses interminables et innombrables fleuves et ses

kF

we picture to ourselves ali the

spontaneous and powerful richness of this country, the beaiity
and omnipotence of the sun which
shinesupon it, we can readily understand also the susceptibility to mirages and
strange dreams of those who inhabit it, under
the drowsy influence produced by the swinging of the hammocks suspended beneath the
shade of the tall palm trees. It is there,
rather than in the undefined recollections,
and illusory legends of its first pioneers,
that we must search for the origin of the name
" Amazon "?
This country, was it in former tinie inhabited by the Amazons? Have the first travai lers there found any trace of their existence?
Would it not be a fantastic inventionto say so?
Ali that has been said on this subject, must be
accepted with caution, for there remains no
material proof of it, but only written testimonies, which cannot be relied upon.
It is impenetrable mystery, which up to the
present has resisted ali investigations. It is
doubtful if it ever will be explained, for what
contributes to keep intact this vague atmos-

servar intactos uns restos d'essa atmospliera

de vago, de incoercvel, de maravilhoso que
envolve em seu vo seno j o leito dos rios
sem fim e sem conta, ao menos o recesso das
florestas em grande parte mysteriosas ainda,
por assim dizer virgens na sua quasi totalidade.
O certo que parece definitivamente
caber ao hespanhol Vicente Yanez Pinson a
gloria da descoberta das plagas amazonenses.
Pelo menos foi elle quem primeiro reco
nheceu a foz do grande rio e lhe precisou as
margens.
Na sua peugada interminvel a lista dos
navegadores, exploradores, soldados da aventura que percorreram a regio em vrios sentidos buscando, uns, o rastro ainda do
famoso El-Dorado, outros prestando reaes
servios sciencia e aplanando difficuldades
aos que, por sua vez, lhes iam succedendo,
n'esse palmear atravez do Desconhecido que
s a mais desmedida das ambies, ou a
dedicao mais devotada causa da Civilisao logram explicar.
No tomaram os missionrios de varias
ordens religiosas, taes como jesutas, carmelitas, franciscanos, parte menos activa n'este
esforo, percorrendo os rios, communicando
com as tribus, desenvolvendo, emfim, a sua
actividade por frma a serem reaes e incontestveis os servios que lhes deve o Amazonas pelo menos no perido inicial do seu
desenvolvimento.

32

forts mystrieuses presque toutes' vierges

encore.
Ce qui parait certain et dfinitif, c'est que la
gloire de la dcouverte de 1'Amazones appartient l'Espagnol Vicente Yanes Pinson.
C'est lui du moins, qui a reconnu l'embouchure de ce grand fleuve et qui en a dtermin
les rivages.
La liste des navigateurs, des explorateurs
et des soldats aventuriers qui ont suivi ses
traces et quiontparcouru lepays en tous sens,
est interminable.Les uns cherchaient les vestiges du fameux El-Dorado, les autres rendirent de vrais services la science et aplanirent les obstacles qui auraient pu entraver
ceux qui leur succdrent dans cette marche
travers l'inconnu,que l'on nepeut expliquer
que par une ambition dmesure, ou par n
dvouement absolu la cause de la civilisation.
Des missionnaires de divers ordres : les
jsuites, les carmlites, les franciscains, ont
galement et activement partag ces efforts
en parcourant les fleuves, en se mettant en
rapport avec les tribus, en dveloppant enfin
de telle sorte l'activit de 1'Amazones, que les
services qu'ils lui ont rendus tout au moins
dans la priode initiale de son accroissement,
sont incontestables.
Plus d'un sicle,plein de tentatives diverses
et d'explorations d'un succs douteux, s'coula
ainsi. C'est alors que, le 8 octobre 1637, la
clbre expdition, commande par le capitaine Pedro Teixeira, et d'autres chefs portugais intrpides, quitta la ville de Cameta, qui

pliereof wonderous,marvellous mystery,is the

veil tlirown over it by its innumerable rivers,
and its mysterious and still almost untrodden
forests.
, What appears certain and definite is, that
the honour and glory of the discovery of the
Amazons, belong to a Spaniard, Vicente
Yanes Pinson. It is he at least who discovered the mouth of this grand river, and fixed
its boundaries.
The list of navigators, explorers, and advcnturous soldiers which have followed up its
tracts, and who have overrun the country in
every direction, is interminable. Some seeking vestiges of tlie famed " El-Dorado "
others rendering real service in the cause of
science, removing obstables that would have
impeded the march of those, who have succeeded them, across the great unknown. This
can only be explained on the one hand by
unbounded ambition, and on the otier by an
absolute devotedness to the cause of civilization.
Missionaries ofvarious orders, such as jesuits, carmelites, and franciscains, have
equally and actively shared in these efforts,
by going up the rivers, and communicating
with the different tribes, and in this way developping the activity of the Amazons, the service they have rendered, especially at the
initial period of its growth is incontestable.
More than a century,full ofvarious attempts
of exploration, of doubtful success passedtlius,
until ont the 8th October 1637, the celebrated
expedition, commanded by Captain Pedro

Mais de uni sculo decorreu assim, por

entre tentativas de toda ordem e exploraes
de duvidoso xito, at que aos 8 de outubro
de 1637, da cidade de Camet, pertencente
ento Capitania Geral do Gro-Par, partia a
celebre expedio commandada pelo capito
Pedro Teixeira e outros arrojados cliefes portugezes, expedio que, destinada a realisar
um reconhecimento serio e definitivo da
regio to decantada, por entre aventuras e
episodios verdadeiramente picos, conseguiu
de facto chegar a Quito em 20 de outubro de
i638, deixando traada uma pagina verdadeiramente gloriosa nos fastos das descobertas
geographicas.
Ainda uma vez aventureiros de varias procedncias tentaram repetir o que a| expedio
portugueza realisara com to feliz quo porfiado resultado. A lucta trav*ara-se, cada vez
mais ferozmente. Com taes excurses e
reconhecimentos a grandiosidade real do
Amazonas ia porm avultando, a regio tornava-se de mais em mais conhecida e, se uma
parta da pliantasia das lendas se desfazia em
fumo, nem por isso as ambies decresciam
perante o espectculo das naturaes riquezas,
apreciadas, palpadas, reconhecidas pelos
viajantes.
J no era pelas liypotlieticas ondas de
ouro do El-Dorado que os competidores se
batiam, era pelas reaes essencias que atulhavam as florestas, pelo futuro trafico, que tanto
se lhes. antolhava lucrativo, com as tribus

appartenait alors la Capitainerie gnrale du

Gro-Para, dans le but d'explorer srieusement et dfinitivement la fameuse rgion.
Elle russit, au milieu d'aventures et d'pisodes piques, et arriva Quinto, le 20 octobre i638, ayant ajout de la sorte une page
vraiment glorieuse 1'liistoiredes dcouvertes
gograpliiques.
Des aventuriers d'origines diverses tentrent, plusieurs reprises, de recommencer
ce que 1'expdition portugaise avait accompli
avec tant de bonheur. La lutte tait engage,
de plus en plus ardente. Entretemps, et comme
consquence mme de ces expditions et de
ces recherches, la grandeur relle de 1'Amazones augmentait. La rgion dcvenait de plus
en plus connue, et si d'une part les lgendes
fantastiques s'en allaient en fume, d'autre
part les ambitionsnepouvaient que s'accrotre
devant le spectacle des richesses naturelles
apprcies, reconnues et touclies par les
voyageurs.
Ce n'tait plus les hypothtiques flots d'or
de 1'El-DoradO, qui motivaient la lutte, mais
les riches essences qui formaient les forts,
l'espoir du trafic futur avec les tribus qui les
peuplaient, et qu'on entrevoyait si lucratif; ce
trsor enfin d'un territoire neuf, et d'une si
grande tendue qu'il semblait ne pas avoir de
fin, arros de si nombreux cours d'eau, qu'on
se demandait d'o ils pouvaient sortir.
Et dj les aventuriers n'taient plus seuls
y multiplier leurs efforts : l'Espagne et bientt la Hollande y entrrent en comptition.
C'est vers cette poque que le Portugal,

Teixeira, and other intrepide Portuguese

chiefs, quitted the town of Cameta, which at
that time belonged to the Captainry General
of Gro Para; for the purpose of seriously and
definitively exploring the famed region. They
succeeded in the midst of adventures and epic
episodes, and arrived at Quinto the 20th of
October, i638, having added a truly glorious
page to the history of geographical discoveries.
Adventurers of divers nationalities attempted many times to recommence what- the Portuguese expedition had accomplished with
such happy results.
The struggle engaged in became more and
more ardent. However, and as a consequence
of these expeditions, and researches, the real
grandeur of the Amazons increased. The
region became more and more known; and if
a part of its fantastic legends passed away
like smoke, the other part, viz., the growth of
ambition before the spectacle of these natural
riches, sopalpably recognized and appreciated
by travellers, could do no other than augment.
It was no longer the hypothetical golden waves of the El-Dorado which was the cause of this
struggle, but the rich essences which formed
the forests, the hope of future trade with the
tribes which peopled them, and that gave
promise of being so lucrative; this treasure of
a new territory so widely spread,that it seemed
without end; wateredby such numerous water courses, tliat one asked one's self whence
they ali came.

que as povoavam, pelo thesouro que por si

s representava to extenso trecho de terra
nova, que parecia no ter fim, fecundada por
to caudaloso volume de aguas que parecia
no ter inicio...
E no s por parte de aventureiros os esforos se multiplicavam. Tanto a Hespanha
como, mais tarde, a Hollanda se apresentaram
em campo. At que Portugal, ao tempo libertado do dominio castelhano e senhor do
restante continente brasileiro, resolveu prohibir a navegao do Amazonas a todos ospaizes
extrangeiros, cortando assim, cerce, as pretenoes ou ambies que de ha muito formigavam em redor d'esse mundo novissimo, surgido
ex-abrupto no extremo norte do j de si attrahente mundo que era o Brasil.
Emquanto o Brasil foi colonia portugueza
conservou-se sempre o territorio que actualmente constitue o Estado do Amazonas subordinado ao governo do Par. Apenas, por carta
regia de 3 de maro de 1755, foi creada uma
capitania, com governo politico e civil a de
S. Jos do. Rio Negro mas, ainda assim,
sujeita Capitania Geral do Gro-Par e
Maranho.
Nomeado governador da nova circumscripo, por decreto de 18 de julho de 1757, o
coronel Joaquim de Mello Povoas, ficaram
fixados os limites entre as capitanias de S. Jos
do Rio Negro e do Par em data de 11 de maio

dlivr du joug de la Castille et devenu possesseur de tout le continent brsilien, prit la

rsolution d'interdire tous les pays trangers la naVigation sur 1'Amazones. II mit fin
ainsi, d'un seul coup, aux prtentions et aux
ambitions qui se disputaient cette terre nouvelle, surgie ex-abrupto, au nord de cet autre
nouveau monde, le Brsil.
Aussi longtemps que le Brsil fut colonie
portugaise, le territoire qui forme 1'Amazones
d'aujourd'hui fut subordonn au Gouvernement du Para. Ce n'tait qu'une capitainerie,
celle de Saint-Jos de Rio-Negro, cre par
dcret royal, le 3 mars 1755, ayant une administration politique et civile, mais place sous
la juridiction de la capitainerie gnrale du
Gro-Para et Maranho.
Par dcret royal du 18 juilleti757,le colonel
Joaquim de Mello Povoas fut nomm gouverneur de la nouvelle circonscription; et, le
11 mai 1758, on fixa les limites entre les capitaineries de Saint-Jos de Rio-Negro et du
Para; le sige de la premire fut tabli le
mme jour, dans la ville de Barcellos, au RioNegro.
En 1771, le gouverneur fut remplac par
Joaquim Tinoco Valente, qui administra,
pendant dix-sept annes les affaires de la
capitainerie de Saint-Jos; il fut son tour
remplac dans ce Gouvernement parle colonel
Manuel da Gama Lobo de Almada, en 1788.
Celui-ci transfra, en 1791, le Gouvernement, de Barcellos Villa da Bara do Rio-

And already the adventurers were no longer alone to there multiply their efforts, Spain
and soon Holland entered into competition
with them.
It was about this epocli that Portugal freed
from the yoke of Castile, and become the possessor of ali the Brazlian continent, resolved
to forbid ali foreign countries navigation of
the Amazon, and thus with a single blow,
ex-abrupto, put an end to the claims and
ambitions of those who disputed among tliemselves for the possession of this new land to
the north of that other New World, the
Brazils.
As long as Brazil was a Portuguese colony,
the territory, which to-day forms the Amazon
States, was subordinate to the government of
Para. It was only a Captainry, that of
St. Jos de Rio-Negro, created by royal
decree 3rd March 1755; having a politicai and
civil administration, but placed under the
jurisdiction of the Captainry General of
Gro, Para and Maranho.
By royal decree, Colonel Joaquim of Mello
Povoas, was appointed governor of the new
circumscription; and on the 11 th May 1758,
the boundary lines were fixed between the
Captainries of St. Jos de Rio-Negro, and of
Para; the governmental seat of the former
was established the same day in the town of
Barcellos, Rio-Negro.
In 1771, the governor was replaced by
Joaquim Tinoco Valente, who administered

de 1758, e bem assim estabelecida n'essa

mesma data a sde d'aquella, na villa de Barcellos, no Rio Negro.
Em 1771 era o referido governador substitudo por Joaquim Tinoco Valente que,durante
17 annos, geriu os negocios da capitania de
S. Jos, e foi, por sua vez, substitudo no
governo da mesma pelo coronel Manuel da
Gama Lobo de Almada, em 1788.
Transferiu este governador, em 1791, a sde
do governo de Barcellos para a villa da Barra
do Rio Negro (Manaos); porm o governo de
Lisboa, desapprovando a medida, ordenou,
em agosto de 1798, que a referida sde fosse
recondusida ao primitivo local.
Ao coronel Almada succedeu, no governo,
Jos Joaquim Victorio da Costa, o qual dotou
a regio com vrios melhoramentos materiaes,
chegando a crear um vasto jardim botnico
perto da cachoeira de Taruman.
Por fim, entre 1818 e 1821, esteve testa da
capitania o major Manuel Joaquim do Pao,
ultimo governador portuguez, representante
d'essa pleiade a que, ocioso se torna relembrar,
muito ficou devendo a regio amazonenze, no
s em melhoramentos materiaes, como sobretudo pela parte com que concorreu para as
viagens que assignalaram, nar Amaznia, os
sculos XVII e XVIII.
Em 1822, declarada a independencia do
Brasil, o' estado de coisas com relao ao
Amazonas no foi alterado no sentido de

Negro (Manaos); mais le Gouvernement de

Lisbonne ayant dsapprouv cette mesure,
radministration du capitainat fut transfre
son sige primitif, en aout 1798.
Le colonel de Almada eut pour successeur
Jos Joaquim Victorio da Costa. Le pays doit
ce dernier des amliorations matrielles
diverses, entre autres, la cration d'un vaste
Jardin botanique, prs de la cataracte de
Taruman.
Enfin, le dernier gouverneur portugais qui
administra la capitainerie fut le major Manuel
Joaquim do Pao -|!I8I8 1821. II fut le
dernie^reprsentant de cette pliade, laquelle la rgion de 1'Amazones est redevable
de nombreux progrs matriels et qui s'est
signale en outre par la part qu'elle a prise
dans les voyages d'exploration qui furent
organiss dans ce pays, au cours des xvn et
xvme sicles.1
La dclaration de 1'indpendance du Brsil,
qui fut proclame en 1822, n'apporta aucun
changement dans l'Etat de 1'Amazones en ce
qui concerne les droits et prrogatives que
revendiquaient alors les habitants. Voyant
qu'on ne faisait aucun cas de leurs rclamations, ceux-ci protestrent nergiquement;
ils finirent mme par installer un Gouvernement provisoire autonome et luttrent, pendant dix annes, pour la dfense de leurs
droits mpriss.
Mais la justice fut vaincue par la force, et,
en I832, ils taient plus que jamais subor-

during 17 years the affairs of the Captainry of

St. Jos; he inhis turn wasin 1788 replaced
by Col. Manuel da Gama Lobo de Almada.
This latter in 1791, transferred the government seat of Barcellos, to Villa da Bara do
Rio-Negro (Manaos) but the government of
Lisbon disapproving this measure, the Captainry Administration was in August 1798
retransferred to its original quarters.
Colonel de Almada was succeeded by Jos
Joaquim Victorio da Costa. The country is
indebted to this gentleman for several material improvements, foremost among them
being the creation of a vast Botanic-Garden,
near the Taruman Cataract.
Finally, the last Portuguese governor who
administered the Captainry from 1818 to 1821,
was Major Manuel Joaquim do Pao. He
was the last representant of this pleiades of
the Empire, and to whom the region of the
Amazon is largely indebted in the matter of
material progress. He greatly distinguished
liimsclf by the important part he took in organizing voyages of explorations into the interior of the country during the xvnth and
XVIII th centuries.
The dclaration of the independence of
Brazil brought no change in the Amazon
State, concerning the rights and prerogatives
at that time claimed by its inhabitants.
Seeing they could obtain nothing by their
protestations, they protested more energetically, and finally finished by installing a
provisional autonomy, and for a period of ten

serem reconhecidos aos seus naturaes os

fros e regalias a que se criam com js.
Sentindo, d'est'arte, coarctadas as suas ambies, protestaram elles energicamente, chegando a installar um governo provisorio
local e luctando durante dez annos consecutivos, pela reivindicao de seus direitos
postergados.
Vencida a justia pela fora, eil-os, em i832,
ainda mais subordinados ao Par, por isso que
a Constituio Politica do Imprio, considerando como simples comarca a capitania de
S. Jos, annexou o seu territorio quellaprovincia.
Na diviso politica e administrativa d'esta
ficou, pois, denominada Comarca do Alto
Amazonas, de conformidade com a deliberao
do Conselho do Governo, tomada em sesses
ordinarias de 10 a 17 de maio de i833, comprehendendo a sua circumscripo os termos das
villas da Barra do Rio Negro (Manaos), Luzea
(Maus), Ega (Teff), e Mariu (Barcellos).
No fora alterado, no que se refere a limites,
o que se achava preceituado com relao
extincta capitania.
S em 5 de setembro de i85o, isto , mais
de 3o annos decorridos apoz a data da independencia patria, lograram, emfim, os amazonenses que, por lei n 582, fosse a Comarca
do Alto Amazonas elevada categoria de
Provincia do Amazonas, respeitados sempre
os antigos limites e tendo por capital a villa

donns au Para; la Constitution politique de

rEmpire ayant class la capitainerie de SaintJos comme simple dpartement, et ayant
annex son territoire celui de la dite province.
Aux termes d'une dlibration du Conseil
d'Etat, prise au cours des sances ordinaires
du 10 au 17 mai i833,1'Amazones sous le
nom de Comarca do Alto-Amazonas , district du Haut-Amazones, continua vivre
sous le rgime politique et administratif
ancien. Dans sa circonscription furent comprises les villes de Barra do Rio-Negro (Manaos), Lucea (Maus), Ega (Teff) et Mariua
(Barcellos). Les limites de la capitainerie
ancienne ne furent pas autrement modifies.
Ce ne fut que le 5 septembre i85o, c'est-dire trente ans aprs la proclamation de l'indpendance de la patrie, que les Amazoniens
russirent enfin obtenir pour le district
du Alto Amazonas, la loi n 582, lui reconnaissant le titre de Province de 1'Amazones, avec
Villa Barra (Manaos) comme capitale, et lui
conservant ses anciennes limites.Un an aprs,
la Province de 1'Amazones fut inaugure, le
i er janvier i852. Son premier prsident fut
Joo Batista Figueiredo Tenreiro Aranha,
alors dput pour le Para, et dont le concours
l'Assemble Gnrale avait grandement
aid obtenir cette autonomie, que 1'Amazones attendait depuis si longtemps.
De i852 1889, anne ou fut proclame la
Rpublique, aucune modification importante,

years continued to struggle in defense of

their repudiated rights.
But justice was overcome by force, and in
i832, they were more than ever subordonate
to Para, the politicai constitution of the
Empire having classed the Captainry of
St. Jos as a simple department, annexing its
territory to that of the said province.
Conform to the terms of a deliberation at a
State council, taken in the course of the ordinary sittings from the ioth to the 17 th of
May i833, the Amazon, under the name of :
Comarca do Altos-Amazonas , district of the
High Amazons, continued to live under its
former politicai and administrative regimen.
In its circumscription were included the
towns of Barra do Rio-Negro (Manaos), Lucea
(Maus), Ega (Teff) and Mariua (Barcellos).
The boundaries of the former Captainry were
not otherwise modified.
It was only the 5th September 3 85o, viz,
3o years after the proclamation of the independence of the country, that the Amazonians succeeded at last in obtaining for the
district of the Alto Amazonas, the law
n 582, which recognised it by the title of :
Province of the Amazons, with Villa Barra
(Manaos) as capital, conserving to it its
ancient boundaries. A year afterwards,
ist january i852, the province of the Amazons was inaugurated.
Its first President was Joo Batista
Figueiredo Tenreiro Aranha, at that time

da Barra, que passou, mais tarde, a cliamarse Manaos. Pouco mais de um anno depois
era, de facto, inaugurada a Provincia do
Amazonas, no dia i de janeiro de i852.
Foi seu primeiro presidente o, nesse tempo,
deputado pelo Par Joo Baptista Figueiredo
Tenreiro Aranlia que alis muito concorrera
na Assembla Geral para que fosse dada aos
amazonenses a autonomia administrativa de
ha tanto reclamada.
De i852 a 1889, anno da proclamao da
Republica, no pode com justia dizer-se que
a provincia passasse por profundas modificaes de qualquer ordem.
A to ambicionada autonomia no fora
incentivo que se torne apreciavel ao seu
desenvolvimento commercial ou material.
Alguma coisa progrediu, no ha duvida, mas
to morosamente que, ao sobrevir o regimen
republicano, o aspecto da capital, por
exemplo, tal qual a encontrara o seu primeiro
presidente ao desembarcar na Barra, em 1 de
janeiro de i852, se achava pouco alterado na
data em que o Amazonas adlieriu ao actual
systema de governo.
Descrevem-a assim Wm. Lewis Herdon e
Ladver Gibbon, no livro, Exploration of the
Valley of the Amazon, j antes citado :
O presidente J.-B. de Figueiredo Ten reiro Aranha, chegou Barra no dia 1 d'este
mez, a bordo de um navio do Estado, que se
acha fundeado em frente da villa. Trouxe
com elle muitos dos funccinarios do novo

d'un ordre quelconque, nefut introduite dans

la province.
L'autonomie, tant ambitionne, ne semble
pas avoir stimul, d'une manire apprciable,
son dveloppement commercial ou matriel.
On ne peut nier que la province ait fait des
progrs, mais ils furent si peu importants
que les conditions de la capifcale, au moment
de son adhsion au rgime rpublicain, ne
diffraient pas sensiblement de celles ou la
trouva son premier prsident quand il entra
dans Villada Barra, le i er janvier i852.
Voici la description qu'en font W. Lewis
Herdon et Ladver Gibbon dans Exploration
of the Valley of the Amazon, 1'ouvrage que
nous avons dj cit :
Le prsident, J.-B. de Figueiredo Ten reiro Aranha, est arriv Villa da Barra, le
i er courant, bord d'un vaisseau de l'Etat,
qui a jet l'ancre en face de la ville. II amne
avec lui un bon nombre de fonctionnaires
et apporte une somme de 200 contos de
reis (environ 5oo,ooo francs), pris sur les
recettes de la douane du Para, pour faire
face aux frais que va entrainer 1'installa tion de la nouvelle administration, jusqu'au
moment ou les douanes de la province arri veront produire des revenus suffisants.
En tant que simple district, ce territoire
ne fut jamais qu'une charge pour le trsor
public; et tout porte croire qu'il en sera
encore de mme pendant longtemps.
Villa da Barra est difie sur un plateau
accident, situ sur la rive gauclie du fleuve

deputy for Para, whose co- operation in the

Houses of Parliament had greatly aided in
obtaining the autonomy, that the Amazonians
had so long waited for.
From i852 to 1889, year in which the Republic was proclaimed, no important modification of any order was introduced into the
Province.
The autonomy so earnestly desired does
not seem to have stimulated, in any appreciable degree, its material or commercial
development. It cannot be denied that the
Province had made progress, but it was of
such small importance, that the condition of
the capital at the moment of its adhsion to
the republican regimen, was very little
clianged from what it was at the time wlien
its first President found it when he entered
Villa da Barra on the ist January i852.
Here is the description given by W. Lewis
Herdon, and Ladver Gibbon in Exploration
ofthe Valley of the Amazon, a work which we
have before mentioned :
The President J.-B. de Figueiredo Ten reiro Aranha, arrived at Villa da Barra, the
ist inst, on board a ship belonging to the
State, which cast anchor in front of the town.
Hebroughtwith him a large number of func tionaries, also a sum of 200 contos de reis
(about 5oo,ooo frs) drawn from the receipts
of the Custom-House at Para, to meet the
expenses incurred in the installation of the
new administration, until the time arrived
when the Custom-House of the Province
would produce a sufficient revenue.

governo e a quantia de 200 contos de ris

(cerca de 5oo,ooo francos), levantada nos
cofres da alfandega do Par, para fazer
frente s despezas de installao da nova
ordem de coisas, at que a alfandega local
principie a render. Este territorio, emquanto simples comarca, foi sempre um
fardo para o Thesouro publico, e provvel mente continuar a sel-o ainda durante
algum tempo.
A villa da Barra acha-se edificada sobre
um terreno elevado e accidentado, na margem esquerda do rio, a uns sete kilometros
de distancia da foz. Segundo os meus calculos a sua elevao, em relao ao nivel do
mar, deve ser de 1,475 ps.
E' cortada por dois ou trez barrancos, contendo mais ou menos agua conforme a
encliente do rio maior ou menor; pontes
de madeira, bastante supportaveis, ligam
as duas margens d'esses barrancos.
As casas, em geral, so baixas. Ha,
porm, umas trez ou quatro com dois andares. So feitas de madeira e de argamassa e
cobertas com telhas; lageadas, e as paredes
rebocadas com uma terra de cor que abunda
nas margens do Amazonas. As estatsticas
officiaes relativas ao anno de 1848 accusam,
na cidade, uma populao de 3,64o pessoas
livres e 234 escravos.
O numero dos casamentos era, na mesma
poca, i5o; o dos fallecimentos 25 e o dos

et quelques mtres de son embouchure.

D'aprs mes calculs, son altitude est d'environ i,475 pieds au-dessus du niveau de la
mer.
Deux ou. trois ravins la traversent, qui
sont plus ou moins remplis d'eau, suivant
l'abondance des crues du fleuve. On les
traverse au moyen de ponts en bois trs
solides.
Les maisons sont en gnral trs basses;
il en existe cependant trois ou quatre qui
ont deux tages, construites en bois et mor tier. Les toits sont recouverts de tuiles, le
sol est dall et les murs sont enduits d'une
couche de terre de couleur qui abonde sur
les bords de 1'Amazones.
Les statistiques officielles, pour l'anne
1848, indiquent une population de 3,64ohabi tants libres et de 234 esclaves. Ci-dessous,
pour la mme anne, nous indiquons le mou vement de la population :
Mariages, i5o; dcs, 25; naissances, 25o;
mnages indignes, 470; trangers, 32.
Ces renseignements sont confirms par le
Prsident, qui dclare, en outre, que les revenus du district ne dpassent pas 3:ooo$ooo
reis!
Pendant toute la dure de 1'existence de
1'Amazones comme province, c'est--dire pendant trente-huit annes, le patriotisme etl'activit des prsidents qui se succdrent, n'ont
russi qu' augmenter l'importancedela navi-

Being only a simple district, this territory has never been anything but a charge
to the public treasury; and there is every
reason to believe that it will be the same for
a long time to come.
Villa da Barra is built on a hilly upland,
situated on the left bank of the Amazon, and
at a distance of a few meters only from the
mouth of tlie river. According to my calculation its altitude is about 1,475 above sealevel.

The town is divided by two 01* three ravi nes, more or less filled with water, accor ding to the rising 01* falling of the river.
These are crossed by very strong wooden
> bridges. The houses are in general very
low, there exists however three or four
which have two stories, built of wood and
mortar, the roofs are tiled, the walls being
coated with a coloured clay which abounds
on the shores of the Amazon, and the
floors paved with flag-stones.
The official statistics for the year 1848,
show a population of 3,64o free inliabitants
and 1,848 slaves. For the same year the
movement of the population is : marria ges, i5o; deaths, 25; birtlis, 25o; native
families : 47 foreigners, 32.
These statements are confirmed by the
President, who moreover declares that the
revenue returns of the district do not exceed
3: ooo$ooo reis!
During the whole of the existence of the
Amazons as a province, that is to say during

 nascimentos 25o; o numero de casas habi tadas era 470 e o de extrangeiros 32.
Informaes estas que o proprio presidente
em questo completa, declarando que as
receitas de toda a comarca oravam por cerca
de 3:ooo$ooo!
Durante os quasi trinta e oito annos que
teve de durao a provincia do Amazonas, o
mais que poderam conseguir o civismo e a
actividade de seus presidentes foi fomentar
um tanto a navegao, no s e principalmente para os rios do interior, como tambm
para o extrangeiro.
Assim que, tendo conseguido o referido
primeiro presidente a indispensvel auctorisao do governo central para estabelecer
a navegao a vapor do Amazonas, uma
companhia Companhia do Amazonas
se organisou no Rio de Janeiro, com
capitaes brasileiros, para o indicado fim,
sendo em i853 inciada a referida navegao,
entre Manaos e Belem, com o vapor Maraj
e entre Manaos e Tabatinga com o vapor
Monarcha.
Ao ser franqueado, em 7 dezembro de 1866,
o rio Amazonas livre navegao de todas as
naes facto este, certamente, dos mais
dignos de registro de toda a historia do Amazonas provincia foram fundadas, nas capitaes
do Par e Amazonas, mais duas companhias
de vapores : a Fluvial Paraense e a Fluvial
do Alto Amazonas, as quaes desapparece-

gation sur les fleuves et cours d'eau de 1'intrieur et avec 1'tranger.

C'est ainsi notamment, que le premier prsident, ayant obtenu du Gouvernement central
1'autorisation indispensable d'tablir la navigation vapeur dans sa province, uneSocit,
dite Companhia do Amazonas, fut forme
dans ce but, Rio-de-Janeiro, avec des fonds
brsiliens.
Ce nouveau systme de navigation fut inaugur en i853, entre Manaos et Belem, par le
vapeur Maraj, et entre Manaos etTabatinga,
par le Monarcha.
Le 7 dcembre 1866, l'autorisation de naviguer sur le fleuve des Amazones ayant t
accorde tous les pays, ce qui est certainement le fait le plus digne d'tre mentionn
dans 1'histoire de cette province, deux compagnies de navigation vapeur furent fondes
dans les villes capitales du Para et de 1'Amazones ; la Fluvial Paraense et la Fluvial do
Alto Amazonas. Elles disparurent en 1874
devinrent la Companhia do Amazonas, la
suite d'une convention qui transfrait leurs
droits au Gouvernement central et aux deux
provinces.
Une autre Compagnie, la Companhia de
Manaos, cre peu de temps aprs, n'eut qu'une
courte existence, elle finit par vendre ses vapeurs des particuliers.
Une autre tentative, faite par les premiers
vaisseaux anglais vnus de divers ports de

38 years, the patriotisme and activity of its

different presidents, was per force confined
to increasing the importance of the navigation
on the rivers and water courses of the interior, and of those communicating with foreign
countries.
It is thus especially, that the first president, having obtained from the Central Government the indispensable authorization to
establish a steam navigation in liis province;
a company was formed, called the Companhia
do Amazonas at Rio de Janeiro, with Brazilian funds.
This new system of navigation was inaugurated in i853, between Manaos and Belem by
the steamer Maraj and between Manaos and
Tabatinga by the Monarcha.
On December 7th 1866 permission was
granted to ali countries to navigate o ver the
river Amazon; and it is certainly a deed the
most worthy to be recorded in the. history of
this Province.
Two steam Navigation Companies were
founded in the capital towns of Para and the
Amazons : The Fluvial Paraense and the
Fluvial do Alto Amazonas. The contracts of
these two companies were however in 1874
transferred to the Companhia do Amazonas in consequence of a convention which
transferred their rights to the Central Government, and to the two Provinces.
Another company the Companhia de Manaos, created a shorttime afterwards, had but

ram, porm, em 1874, transferindo Companhia do Amazonas os contractos que

haviam com o governo central e com os
das duas provncias.
Tambm a Companhia de Manaos, constituindo-se pouco depois, teve existencia breve,
acabando por vender os seus vapores a particulares.
Entrados, em 1874, no Amazonas os primeiros vapores inglezes, procedentes de diversos portos da Europa e subsidiados pelo
governo da provncia, foi esta mais uma tentativa frustrada.
At que, em 1876, so iniciadas pelas companhias inglezas Red Cross Line as carreiras
entre Liverpool e Manaos e Booth Steam
Ship entre New-York e Manaos.
D'esse mesmo anno data um inicio de desenvolvimento, relativamente navegao particular, lento, porm, e que s mais tarde, a
partir de 1890, se accenta por frma a chegar
a referida navegao aattingir uma existencia
de nem menos de 16 companhias e casas commerciaes tendo em servio 114 navios a vapor,
fra innumeras alvarengas para descarga,
bateles, canoas, igarits, etc.
Em i883 so, finalmente, estabelecidas as
carreiras regulares entre o Rio de Janeiro e
Manaos, mediante accordo da Companhia
Brasileira de Paquetes aVapor com o governo
da provncia que, para o effeito, lhe concedeu
subsidio dos seus cofres.

1'Europe, en 1874, et subsidis par le Gouvernement de la province, se termina par un

chec.
Enfin, en 1876, la Compagnie anglaise, The
Red Cross Line, entreprit les premires traverses entre Liverpool et Manaos, et la Booth
Steam Ship, entre New-York et Manaos.
En cette mme anne, la navigation particulire commena se dvelopper, lentement
d'abord, elle ne tarda pas atteindre ensuite
des proportions telles, qu'en 1890, seize compagnies et diverses maisons de commerce
disposaient de cent quatorze vaisseaux
vapeur, et d'innombrables alvarengas pour
le dchargement, de grosses barques, canots,
igarits, etc.
En i883, on tablit enfin des communications rgulires entre Rio-de-Janeiro et Manaos, la suite d'un accord survenu entre la
Companhia Brasileira de Paquetes a Vapor,
et le Gouvernement de la province, qui, dans
ce but, accorda un subside.
LaCompagnie italienne,Ligure Braziliana,
inaugura plus tard, en octobre 1897, les traverses entre Genes et Manaos, avec les paquebots Re Umberto et Rio Amazonas, auxquels vint se joindre le vapeur Colombo, en
dcembre 1899.
Actuellement, c'est la Compagnie Booth
Line qui, par suite de la liquidation de la
Compagnie anglaise, The Red Cross Line, dont
elle a acquis le matriel, assure les traverses pour TEurope et 1'Amrique du Nord,

a short existence, it ended by selling its steamers to private firms.

Another attempt made by the first English
vessels coming from various ports of Europe
in 1874 a n ( l subsidized by the government of
the province, suffered defeat.
At last in 1876, an English company, the
Red Cross Line started between Liverpool
and Manaos, and the Booth Steam Ship Company between New-York and Manaos, was
also started the same year. At the same time
private navigation commenced to develop
slowly at first, it was not long in reaching
such proportions, that in 1890, sixteen
companies and commercial firms were
working 114 steamers, besides innumerable
Alvarengas for unloading, large barges,
boats, igarits, etc.
In i883, a regular service was established
between Rio-de-Janeiro and Manaos, in consequence of an arrangement come to between
the Companhia Brasileira de Paquetes a
Vapor, and the government of the province,
who for this purpose granted the company a
subsidy from the government treasury.
The Italian Company, Ligure Braziliana,
later on, in October 1897, inaugurated a service between Genoa and Manaos, with the
mail-boats Re-Umberto, and Rio-Amazonas,
to whicli was afterwards added the steamer
Colombo, in December 1899.
The English Company, the Red Star Line,
having failed, the Booth Line took over ali
their plant and material, and now make the

A companhia italiana Ligure Brasiliana s

mais tarde, em outubro de 1897, inaugurou as
suas carreiras entre Gnova e Manaos, com
os paquetes R Umberto e Rio Amazonas, a
que depois, em dezembro de 1899, veiu juntarsc o Colombo.
Actualmente, tendo a companhia ingleza
RedCross Line liquidado e liavendo-lhe adquirido o material a Booth Line esta s realisa as
carreiras para a Europa e para a America do
Norte, que ambas faziam cummulativmente
e em servio combinado.
Um paquete inglez parte, agora, em periodos regulares de 8 dias, para Liverpool,
seguindo a antiga escala de portos; e, ordinariamente, dois por mez para New-York.
Por seu lado a companhia Ligure Brasiliana
reduziu o primitivo numero de carreiras,
mediante prvio accordo com o governo do
Estado, pois que era e contina a ser por elle
subvencionada, a uma viagem bimestral, tendo
em servio para o norte do Brasil apenas o
vapor Colombo.
Emfim, duas poderosas companhias allems,
a Hamburg Amerika Linie e a Hamburg
Sud Amerikanische, propoem-se estabelecer
para a capital do Amazonas carreiras frequentes e rapidas, com magnficos transatlanticos,
tendo j realisado successivas viagens de
experiencia com os vapores Valdivia, Patagonia, Allemania, Commodoro Rivadaoia,
Valesia, Amazonas, etc.

voyages que ces deux compagnies organisaient

jadis en commun.
Tous les huit jours, un paquebot anglais se
dirige rgulirement vers Liverpool, il touche
aux divers ports anciennement tablis. Deux
autres vaisseaux partent tous les mois, serendant New-York.
La Compagnie Ligure Braziliana a rduit,
elle aussi, son service, un voyage bi-mensuel;
d'accord en cela, avec le Gouvernement de
l'tat, dont elle continue recevoir un subside. Le vapeur Colombo est maintenant seul
au service duNord du Brsil.
Enfin, deux puissantes Compagnies allemandes, la Hamburg-Amerika Linie et la
Hamburg-Sud Amerikanische, se proposent
d'tablir avec la capitale de 1'Amazones des
communications frquentes et rapides, au
moyen d'excellents transatlantiques.Plusieurs
traverses ont t faites, comme expriences,
par les vapeurs Valdivia, Patagonia, Allemania, Commodore Rivadavia, Valesia, Amazonas, etc.
Au cours de leur voyage de retour vers
1'Europe, ces divers btiments ont fait escale
dans les ports de la Rpublique et celui de
Santos.
Les communications entre FEtat de 1'Amazones et les ports du sud de l'Union sont assures par la Compagnie nationale Lioy d Brazileiro, dont les traverses ont lieu rgulirement chaque semaine, et parles Companhia
Maranhense et Companhia Paraense de Na-

voyages between Europe and North-America,

as the two companies used to do in common.
Every 8 days an English steamer leaves
regularly for Liverpool, calling at the different ports on lier way. Two other vessels
also leave every month for New-York.
The S. S. Company Lloyd-Brazileiro, has
also reduced its service to one voyage every
fortnight, agreeably to the wishes of the
government,from whom it continues toreceive
a subsidy. The S. S. Colombo, is now the
only one doing the service of North Brazil.
Finally, two powerful German Companies;
the Hamburg America Line and the Hamburg
Sud Amerikanische, proposed to establish a
frequent and rapid service, by means of first
class transatlantic liners. Several voyages
have been made by way of experiments, by
the steamers : Valdivia, Patagonia, Allemania, Commodore Rivadavia, Valesia, Amazonas, etc.
In the course of their return voyage to
Europe, the vessels put into the various ports
of the "Republic, and those of de Santos.
The communication between the Amazon
States, and the ports South ofthe Union, are
assured by the national company Lioyd Brazileiro, which sails regularly every week and by
the Companhia Maranhense and Companhia
Paraense de Navegao a Vapor, each makes a
voyage once a month.
The ancient province of the Amazons has
adliered to the new politicai regimen established in Brazil 11 th November 1889, in proclai-

De regresso Europa teem estes paquetes

feito escala pelos portos da Republica at o
de Santos.
O servio entre a Amaznia e os portos do
sul da Unio est a cargo da companhia nacional Lloyd Brasileiro, com carreiras que
regulam semanaes, e das Companhia Mara.
nhense e Companhia Paraense de Navegao
a Vapor querealisam, cada qual, uma viagem
por mez.
Adheriu a antiga provincia do Amazonas
ao novo regimen politico, implantado no
Brasil no dia i5 de novembro de 1899, acclamando membros do seu Governo Provisorio,
em 21 do referido mez, os cidados : coronel
Lago, commandante das armas; capito de
fragata Cruz, chefe da flotilha de guerra;
e Dr. Domingos Theophilo de Carvalho Leal,
presidente do Club Republicano de Manaos.
Em seguida, pelo governo federal eram
nomeados : governador do Estado, Augusto
Ximeno Yilleroy e i vice-governador Baro
de Juru.
Deixando aquelle o governo, mezes decorridos apenas, por viagem para a capital da
Unio, entregou a gerencia dos negocios pblicos ao seu secretario particular Dr. Eduardo
Gonalves Ribeiro.
O governo central, porm, nomeou novo
governador o coronel Dr. Gregorio Tliaumaturgo de Azevedo, conservando no cargo de
vice-governador o Baro de Juru.

vegao a Vapor, qui font chacune un voyage

mensuel.
L'ancienne province de 1'Amazones a adhr
aunouveau rgimepolitique tabli au Brsil,
le 11 novembre 1889, en proclamant membres
de son Gouvernement provisoire, le 21 du
mme mois, les citoyens colonel Lago, commandant d'armes; Cruz, capitaine de frgate,
chef de la flottille de guerre,et leDr Domingos
Theophilo de Carvalho Leal, prsident du
Club Republicano de Manaos.
Furent ensuitc nomms par le Gouvernement fdral: gouverneur de 1'tat, Augusto
Ximeno Yilleroy, et premier vice-gouverneur,
le baron de Juru.
Le gouverneur ayant quitt l'Etat il y a
quelques mois pour se rendre dans la capitale
de l'Union, avait confi la grance intrimaire des affaires publiques son secrtaire particulier, le Dr Eduardo Gonalves
Ribeiro; mais le Gouvernement central choisit comme nouveau gouverneur le colonel
Dr Gregorio Tliaumaturgo de Azevedo, et
maintint le baron de Juru au poste de vicegouverneur.
Le premier ne put prendre possession de sa
charge, les partisans du Dr Eduardo Ribeiro
l'ayant acclam gouverneur sur ces entrefaites.
Le Gouvernement de la Rpublique donna
alors mandat au vice-gouverneur, de diriger
les affaires de l'Etat jusqu' l'arrive du colonel d'artillerie Antonio Gomes Pimentel,troisime gouverneur nomm, avec charge de
rtablir la lgalit.

ming as members for its provisional government, the 2itli of the same montli, the
citizens : Colonel Lago, commandcr of arms,
Cruz, frigate captain, chief of the "war fleet,
and Doctor Domingos, Theophilo de Carvalho
Leal, president of the Republicano Club of
Manaos.
Afterwards the federal government named
Augusto Ximeno Villeroy, as governor of the
State, appointing Baron de Juru as ist vicegovernor.
The governor liaving left the State a few
montli after to go to the capital of the Union,
had intrusted temporally the inanagement'
of public affairs to his private secretary
D r Eduardo Gonalves Ribeiro, but the Central Government chose a new governor,
Colonel Dr Gregorio Thaumaturgo de Azevedo, retaining the Baron de Juru as vicegovernor.
The former could not liowever take possession of his charge; the partisans of
Dr Eduardo Ribeiro having proclaimed liim
governor in the inter vai.
TheRepublicGovernment then gave a mandate to the vice-governor to direct the affairs
of the State until the arrival of the colonel of
artillery, Antonio Gomes Pimentel, the tliird
governor appointed, in order to establish the
legality.
This latter liastened to assemble the Congress, who in fact elected Dr Gregorio
Thaumaturgo de Azevedo. The latter was dismissed 27St February 1892, after the blow to
the State.

No cliegou o primeiro ser empossado,

pois, ao tempo, os partidarios do Dr. Eduardo
Ribeiro haviam acclamado este governador.
Pelo governo da Republica foi, ento, mandado dar posse forada ao vice-governador,
que dirigiu os negocios do Estado at chegada do coronel de artilharia Antonio Gomes
Pimentel, terceiro governador, nomeado a
fim de restabelecer a legalidade.
Reuniu este o Congresso, que elegeu, de
facto, o Dr. Gregorio Thaumaturgo de Azevedo, o qual foi, porm, deposto pouco depois
do contra-golpe d'estado, em 27 de fevereiro
de 1892.
Assumindo, ento, provisoriamente, o
governo o commandante da flotilha capito
Borges Machado, veiu a entrar a governao publica do Amazonas em seu perodo
de constitucionalidade com a eleio do
engenheiro militar Dr. Eduardo Gonalves
Ribeiro.
A este se seguiram, successivmente, no
governo do Estado, os cidados Dr. Fileto
Pires, coronel Jos Ramalho Jnior e,
emfim, o Dr. Silvrio Jos Nery, governador
actual.
A lei fundamental por que se rege o Estado
do Amazonas a Constituio votada e
promulgada em 17 de agosto de 1895, e segundo
a qual, o Estado, como parte integrante da
Unio Federal Brasileira, a associao politica dos habitantes do territorio da extincta

Celui-ci se hta de runir le Congrs, qui

lut en effet, le Dr Gregorio Thaumaturgo
de Azevedo. Celui-ci fut dmis le 27 fvrier
1892, aprs le coup d'Etat.
Le gouvernement ayant t provisoirement
confi alors au commandant de la flottille, le
capitaine Borges Machado, 1'administration
de 1'Etat de 1'Amazones entra, enfin, dans une
priode de constitutionnalit, par l'lection
de l'ingnieur militaire, Dr Eduardo Gonalves Ribeiro. Ses successeurs furent, successivement, le Dr Fileto Pires, le colonel
Jos Ramalho jnior, et le Dr Silvrio Jos
Nery,. gouverneur actuei.
La loi fondamentale qui rgit l'Etat de
1'Amazones, est la Constitution, vote et
promulge le 17 aout 1895 qui considre l'Etat
de 1'Amazones comme partie intgrante de
l'UnionFdraleBrsilienne,accorde au point
de vue politique, 1'ensemble des habitants
de l'ancienne province de 1'Amazones placs
sous le rgime rpublicain, tous les droits
qu'ils avaient au temps de son autonomie,
pour autant que ceux-ci soient d'accord avec
les dispositions de la Constitution Fdrale.
Le Gouvernement est compos des Autorits
Lgislatives, Excutives et Judiciaires, qui
remplissent en toute indpendance les fonctions de leur comptence. II ne leur est pas
permis de remplir leur fonction par voie de
dlgation.
Le Pouvoir Lgislatif est reprsent par le

The Government of the Republic having

then been confided provisionally to the coinmander of theflotilla, captain Borges Machado,
the administration of the Amazon State, entered at last into a period of constitutionality,
by the election of Dr Eduardo Gonalves Ribeiro, military engineer. He was foliowed
successively by Dr Fileto Pires, colonel Jos
Ramalho jnior, and Dr Silvrio Jos Nery,
actual governor.
The fundamental law by which the Amazon
State is ruled is the Constitution voted and
promulgated *7th August 1895; which considere d the Amazon State as an integral part of
the Federal Brazilian Union according to
the whole of its inhabitants of the ancient province of the Amazon, placed under the republican regimen, from a politicai point of view, ali
the rights and privileges which they had
enjoyed in the time of the autonomy, so far as
these latter should be in accord with the dispositions of the Federal Constitution.
The Government is composed of Legislative
Authorities,Executive and Judiciary, who fulfil in entire independenee the functions of
their competency. It is forbidden to them to
delegate the exercise of their functions to
another.
The Legislative Power is represented by
the Congress f Representatives of the Amazon State, which exercises its power with the
sanction of the Governor.
This Congress is composed of 24 members,
elected by suffrage universal and direct; the

provincia do Amazonas, e aclia-se organisado

sob o regimen republicano no livre exercicio
da sua autonomia, conforme os termos da
Constituio Federal.
Tem o Governo por orgos os Poderes
Legislativo, Executivo e Judicirio, que funccionam independentemente na esphera da
respectiva competencia, sendo proliibido a
cada um delegar n'outro o exercicio de suas
funces.
O Poder Legislativo aclia-se delegado ao
Congresso dos Representantes do Estado
do Amazonas, que o exerce com a sanco
do Governador. O Congresso composto por
24 membros, eleitos pelo suffragio universal e
directo, garantida a representao das minorias, e vigorando por trez annos o mandato
dos representantes. Funcciona trez mezes
completos por anno, reunindo, independentemente de convocao, no dia 10 de julho de
cada anno, e em caso algum podendo ser
dissolvido.
A direco suprema do governo e da administrao cabe ao Governador do Estado
do Amazonas, que a exerce livremente e de
accordo com as leis.
Para desempenhar o cargo de Governador
indispensvel ser brasileiro de nascena e ter,
pelo menos, 3o annos de idade e 3 de residncia no Estado. A vigncia do cargo de
4 annos,no se podendo ser reeleito no periodo
seguinte.
O mesmo com relao ao vice-governador,

Congrs des Reprsentants de 1'Etat de

rAmazones , qui exerce son pouvoir avec la
sanction du gouverneur. Ce Congrs se compose de vingt-quatre membres, lus par voie
de suffrage universei et direct; la reprsentation des minorits est garantie, et le mandat
de reprsentant a une dure de trois ans. Les
sessions ont une dure de trois mois, chaque
anne; la premire runion a toujours lieu le
10 juillet, sans convocation pralable. En
aucun cas, le Congrs ne peut tre dissout.
La direction suprme du Gouvernement et
de 1'administration est dvolue au Gouverneur
de l'Etat, qui 1'exerce librement et conformment aux lois.
Pour pouvoir remplir cette charge, il faut
tre Brsilien de naissance, tre g de 3o ans
au moins et avoir rsid dans 1'Etat pendant
trois ans. La dure du mandat est de quatre
annes, sans rlection possible pour lapriode
sui vante.
II en est de mme pour le vice-gouverneur,
qui remplace le Gouverneur en cas d'absence
ou d'empchement. Les lections pour ces
deux charges ont lieu ensemble et par voie de
suffrage uni versei et direct; le vote n'est pas
secret et a lieu le mme jour dans tout 1'Etat,
cent vingt jours avant la fin de la priode gouvernemental e.
Les organes du Pouvoir Judiciaire sont: le
Tribunal Suprieur de Justice, qui sige dans
la capitale, et dont la juridiction s'exerce sur
tout 1'Etat; les juges municipaux; les jurs
ou juges de fait , dans les cliefs-lieux de

representation of the minority is guaranteed,

and the mandate of the representatives lasts
three years. Its sessions last three months
during each year; the first meeting always
takes place july ioth, without previous convocation. In no case can it be dissolved.
The supreme direction of the Government
ar d the adminstration, devolves on the Governor of the State, who exercises it freely, and
conformably to the laws.
To be eligible for this office, it is necessary
tobea Brazilian by birtli, to be atleast 3o years
old, and to have resided in the State 3 years.
The duration of the mandate is 4 years, without reelection being possible for the period
following.
It is the same for the vice-governor, who
replaces the governor in case of absence or
any other cause of impediment.
The election of tliese charges take place at
the same time, by universal and direct suffrage; the voting is not secret, and takes place
the same day in ali parts of the State, 120 days
before the end of the governmental period.
The organs of judieiary power, are: The
Higli-Court of Justice, which has its seat in
the capital, and whose juridiction extends to
ali parts of te State. The municipal judges,
and the sworn constables, or justices of the
peace, in the chief towns.
The Tribunal of Justice is composed of
7 members, appointed by the Government,
and who bear the title of " Desembargadores "
(chief judges). The defence ofthe interests of

que substitue aquelle em suas ausncias ou

impedimentos.
As eleies para ambos os cargos so feitas
cummulativamente, pelo suffragio universal
directo e voto a descoberto, ao mesmo tempo
em todo o Estado, 120 dias antes de findar o
periodo governativo.
O Poder Judicirio tem por orgos : o Tribunal Superior de Justia, com sde na capital
e jurisdico em todo o Estado; juizes de
direito; juizes municipaes; e jurados, ou juizes
de facto, nas comarcas. Compe-se o Tribunal
de Justia de 7 membros com o titulo de
Desembargadores e nomeados pelo Governo. A defesa dos interesses da Justia e do
Estado, perante os juizes e os tribunaes, acliase a cargo do Ministrio Publico, composto
por um Procurador Geral do Estado e
Promotores pblicos, um por comarca,
exceptuada a'capital que tem trez.
Acha-se o Estado dividido em circumscripoes denominadas Municpios, com administrao, direitos e interesses proprios; e os
municpios divididos em Districtos. So
aquelles autonomos na gesto de seus negocios; o governo municipal, cuja sde a do
proprio municpio, aclia-se a cargo d'uma
corporao electiva, Intendencia Municipal,
e com auctoridade apenas deliberante, pois ao
Superintendente, de nomeao do Governo,
e que o presidente d'essa corporao, cabe
dar execuo a todas as suas resolues. As
Intendncias compoem-se de 8 membros, a da
capital; 6 as das cidades; e 4 as das villas,
eleitos pelo suffragio universal directo e voto

1'Etat. Le Tribunal de Justice est compos de

sept membres nomms par le Gouvernement
et qui portent le titre de Desembargadores
(conseillers de Cour). La dfense des intrts
de la justice et de ceux de 1'Etat, devant les
juges et les tribunaux, est confie au Ministre Public, compos du Procureur Gnral
de 1'Etat et de Promoteurs Publics, un pour
chaque clief-lieu, l'exception de la capitale,
qui en a trois.
L'Etat est divis en circonscriptions, dites
municpios (muncipes), qui possdent cliacune une administration et des intrts distinets. Les municpios sont leur tour subdiviss en districts , qui possdent une
administration autonome. Le Gouvernement
municipal qui sige dans la ville principale
du municipe, est confi une corporation
lective, l'Intendance Municipalc dont le
role se borne des dlibrations; car c'est
au Surintendant, nomm par le Gouvernement, que le prsident de cette corporation
doit prsenter le compte rendu de toutes les
rsolutions votes. Les Intendances sont composes de liuit membres dans la capitale, de
six dans les villes et de quatre dans les villages. Tous sont lus par voie de suffrage universel et direct, sans vote secret. IIs exercent
leurs pouvoirs pendant trois annes. Ni le
Surintendant, ni les Intendants ne peuvent
tre rtablis dans leur charge pendant la
priode qui suit immdiatement l'expiration
de leur mandat.
Les principaux muncipes de 1'Etat sont:
Manaos, Canutama, Barcellos, Manicor,

justice and of those of the State, before the

judges and tribunais is confided to the Public
Ministry, composed of the Procurator General
of the State, and of Public Promoters, one for
each chief town, excepting the capital which
has three.
The State is divided into circumscriptions,
called " Municpios " (municipalities) each
possessing an administration with riglits and
interests quite distinct. The municipalities
are in their turn sub-divided into districts,
which possess an autonomic administration.
The Municipal Government which sits in
the principal town of the municipality, is confided to an " elective corporation ". The " Municipal Direction " whose role is limited to its
dlibrations, for it is to the Superintendent
appointed by the Government, that the President of this corporation must present the
reports of ali the rsolutions voted.
The direction is composed of 8 members in
the capital, 6 in the towns, and 4 in tlie villages. Ali are elected by direct and universal
suffrage, without secret voting. They exercise their power during 3 years. Neither the
superintendent, nor the directors may be
re-elected immediately after the expiration
of their mandate.
The principie munipalities of the State
are : Manaos, Canutama, Barcellos, Manicor, Fonte Boa, S. Paulo de Olivena, S. Gabriel, S. Felippe, Humaytha, Labrea, Manacapuru, Codajaz, Coary, Teff, Borba, Itacoatiara, Urucara, Boa-Vista, Maus, Urucuri-

a descoberto, de 3 em 3 annos. Nem o superintendente nem os intendentes podem ser reconduzidos, no periodo immediatamente successivo expirao dos respectivos mandatos.
Os principaes municpios do Estado so : de
Manaos, Canutama, Barcellos, Manicor,
Fonte Ba, S. Paulo de Olivena, S. Gabriel,
S. Felippe, Humayth, Labrea, Manacapur,
Codajaz, Coary, Teff, Borba, Itacoatiara,
Urucar, Ba-Vista, Maus, Urucurituba,
Silves, Moura, Parintins, Barreirinha e Floriano Peixoto.
Para os effeitos judicirios a diviso por
comarcas e termos. So 16 as comarcas com os
respectivos termos : Manaos, com o termo da
capital que compreliende dois districtos e o de
Manacapur; Itacoatiara, com os termos de
Itacoatiara, Urucar e Silves, no Amazonas;
Parintins, com os termos de Parintins e da
Barreirinha, no Amazonas;Ma zz s, com o termo
do mesmo nome, no rio Maus; Moura,com os
termos de Barcellos e de S. Gabriel, no rio
Negro; Rio Branco, com o termo da BaVista, no rio Branco; Coary, com o termo de
Codajaz, no rio Solimoes: Teff, com o termo
de Fonte Ba, no rio Solimoes; S.Paulo de
Olivena, com o termo de mesmo nome, no rio
Solimoes; S. Felippe, com o termo do mesmo
nome, no rio Juru; Labrea, com o termo do
mesmo nome, no rio Purs; Canutama, com
o termo do mesmo nome, no rio Purs; Antimary, com o termo de Floriano Peixoto, no
rio Acre; e, finalmente, Humayth, com o
termo do mesmo nome, no rio Madeira.
A cada comarca compete um juiz de direi-

Fonte Boa, San-Paulo de Olivena, SanGabriel, San-Felippe, Humaytha, Labrea,

Manacapuru, Codajaz, Coary, Teff, Borba,
Itacoatiara, Urucara, Boa-Vista,Maus,Urucurituba, Silves, Moura, Parintins, Barreirinha et Floriano Peixoto.
En matire judiciaire, la division est faite
en comarcas (cliefs-lieux), et termos (communes),aunombre total de seize,soit: Manaos,
la commune-capitale, forme de deux districts
et de celui de Manacapuru; Itacoatiara, qui
comprend aussi les communes de Itacoatiara,
Urucara et Silves, sur le fleuve Amazones;
Parintins comprend les communes de Parintins et Barreirinha,
sur le mme fleuve;
Maus, avec la commune de Maus, sur le
fleuve du mme nom; Moura, avec les communes de Barcellos et San-Gabriel, sur le
Rio-Negro; Rio-Branco, avec la commune de
Boa-Vista, sur le mme fleuve; Coary, avec la
commune de Codajaz, sur le Solimoes; Teff,
avec la commune de Fonte Boa, sur le mme
fleuve; San-Paulo de Olivena, avec la commune du mme nom, sur le Solimoes; SanFelippe, avec la commune de ce nom, sur le
fleuve Jurua; Labrea, avec la commune de ce
nom, sur le fleuve Purus; Canutama, avec la
commune du mme nom, sur le Purus;
Antimary, avec la commune de Floriano
Peixoto, sur le fleuve Acre, et enfin, Humaytha, avec la commune de ce nom, sur le fleuve
Madeira.
Cliaque chef-lieu possde un juge civil, et il
y a dans cliaque commune un juge municipal,
sauf la capitale, qui en a trois.

tuba, Silves, Moura, Parintins,

Barreirinha
and Floriano Peixoto.
In point of judicial affairs, tlie division is
made by comarcas (cliiefs towns) and termos
(boroughs); to the total number of 16, viz
Manaos, the borough capital, comprising
two districts, and that of Manacapuru; Itacoatiara, which comprises also the boroughs
of Itacoatiara, Urucara and Silves, on the
river Amazon; Parintins,
comprises the
boroughs of Parintins and Barreirinha, on
the same river; Maus, with the parish of
Maus, on the river which bears its name;
Moura, with the communes of Barcellos and
St. Gabriel, on the Rio-Negro; Rio-Branco,
with the commune of Boa-Vista, on the same
river; Coary including the parish of Codajaz,
on the Solimoes; Teff with the commune of
Fonte-Boa, on the same river; St. Paulo de
Olivena, with the borough of the same name
on the river Solimoes; St. Felippe with the
commune of same name on the river Jurua;
Labrea with the commune of same name on
the river Purus; Canutama, with the commune of the same name, on the same river;
Antimary, with the commune of Floriano
Peixoto, on the river Acre; and finally
Humaytha, with the commune of the same
name, on the Madeira river.
Each chief town has a civil judge, and in
each commune a municipal judge, excepting
in the capital, where there are three.
The police service for the regulation of the
public safty is confided to a chief commis-

to, e a cada termo um juiz municipal com

excepo da capital que tem 3.
Os servios policiaesacham-seacargo de um
Chefe de Segurana publica, Prefeitos e
Sub-prefeitos, havendo 62 prefeituras em
todo o Estado e grande numero de sub-prefeituras.
Emquanto auctoridade ecclesiastica, achase confiada a um Bispo, nomeado pela Santa S,
sem interveno do poder civil, por isso que a
Constituiro Federal de 24 de fevereiro de 1891,
proclamou a separao da Egreja do Estado.
Com o actual governo do Dr. Silvrio Jos
Nery pode bem affirmar-se ter entrado a administrao do Estado do Amazonas em uma
phase inteiramente nova, a que poder chamar-se de ordenao.
Apoz o evento d'um regimen diverso
d'aquelle sob que, antes, qualquer paiz ou
sociedade vive, sobrevem sempre um perodo
transitorio em que a modificao profunda
do que existe, ou a creao de coisas completamente novas, se faz as mais das vezes
n'um tal ou qual atropello ou precipitao,
peculiares a todas as grandes transformaes.
Se humano errar, e pois que humano,
desculpvel, o caso de chegarem a ser
credores de elogio aquelles que apenas erram
no alis generoso interesse de crear muito e
depressa.
Uma vez, porm, tudo feito, ou pelo menos
uma grande parte, a occasio chegada de
proceder ao arrolo do existente, pezar bem
at que ponto convir ir mais alm ou sobre-

Les services de la police sont confis un

chef de la suret publique, des prfets
et des sous-prfets. Le nombre des prfectures est de soixante-deux pour tout 1'Etat;
il y a un gr and nombre de sous-prfectures.
Quant l'autorit ecclsiastique, elle est
reprsente par un Evque, dsign par le
Saint-Sige, sans l'intervention de 1'autorit
civile; la Constitution fdrale, du 24 fvrier 1891, ayant proclam la sparation de
l'glise et de 1'tat.
On peut affirmer, que sous le Gouvernement
actuei du Dr Silvrio Jos Nery, radministration de 1'tat de 1'Amazones est entre dans
une re nouvelle qui peut, juste titre, tre
appele celle du bon ordre. L'avnement d'un
nouveau rgime diffrent de celui qui a rgi
pendant longtemps un pays ou une socit,
auine toujours une priode de transition, au
cours de laquelle il se produit de profondes
modifications en toutes choses, pendant laquelle la cration d'une organisation nouvelle
semble se faire dans une sorte de dsordre et
de prcipitation inlirentstoutes les grandes
transformations. S'il estvrai que 1'erreur est
humaine, et si elle est justifiable par la raison
mme de cette origine, ceux qui, pousss par
lanoble intention de beaucoup faire, se sont
tromps un peu en voulant faire trop vite,
mritent encore de sincres loges.
Mais quand tout est fait, ou quand au moins
la plus grande partie de 1'oeuvre est termine,
il convient de procder au dveloppement de
ce qui existe, de s'assurcr s'il convient de

sioner of police; there are likewisenumerous

superintendents, inspectors, etc. There are
for ali the State 62 prefectures, as well as a
large number of sub-prefectures.
As to the eclesiastical courts, they are
represented by a Bishop designed by the
Holy See, witliout intervention of civil authority, the Federal Constitution of 24U1 Februry 1891, having proclaimed the sparation
of the Church from the State.
It may be affirmed that under the present
government of Dr Silvrio Jos Nery, the
adminstration-of the Amazon State has entered upon a new era, which may very justly be
called one of Good Order.
The advent of a new regimen which differs
from the preceding one, long time in force in a
country or a society, is always followed by a
period of transition, in the course of which profound modifications are producedin allthings;
during which the creation of a new organization is made in a kind of disorder and prcipitation inherent to ali grand transformations.
If it be true that to err is human, and for
the same reason excusable, those persons who
actuated by the laudable intention to do a great
deal, and who deceive tliemselves in trying to
change the existing state of tliings too quickly,
are still deserving of sincere praise.
But when ali is done, or at least the greatest
part of the work in finislied, it is better to
proceed with the development of wliat already
exists, and to assure one's self if it is prudent to stop, or to continue still fartlier;

star, em que ramos de servios iniciados

manda a boa prudncia estacar temporiamente ou de todo, quaes os que convm activar em sua evoluo ou desenvolvimento
estabelecer, n'uma palavra, a ordem onde
at ento s existiu aco, parar para proseguir mais seguramente.
A' pliase creadora succede, d'est'arte, como
natural, a ordenadora, ou de organisao
definitiva.
To bem assim o compreliendeu o actual
governador que, pondo de parte o caminho
trilhado por seus antecessores, bem mais
fcil, e comtudo bem mais frtil em effeitos
espectaculosos, attraco do squaes a vaidade humana nem sempre tem a virtude de
saber resistir tomou a si a tarefa, por
demais ingrata mas essencialmente patritica,
de fazer, primeiro, luz no cahos, adiando o
proseguir na applaudivel esteira dos melhoramentos de que o Estado ainda ha mister para
quando, uma vez tacteado bem o terreno, possa
fazel-o sem correr o risco de tropear.
D'aqui o exame attento a que, durante mais
de um anno, tem vindo submettendo todos os
ramos da publica administrao; as consequentes e inevitveis amputaes a que ha
condemnado excrescencias prejudiciaes ao
perfeito equilibrio dos negocios; as salutares
substituies de servios e de serventurios
pelo mesmo exigidas; a applicao parcimoniosa e integra dos dinheiros pblicos, que as
crises, geral e local, ainda mais tornaram
inadiavel.

s'arrter ou de pousser plus loin; d'tudier

quels sont les organismes initials dont il faut
activer 1'volution, et ceux que la prudence
conseille d'enrayer; il faut enfin tablir
l'ordre l ou n'existait que 1'action et s'arrter
prudemment avant de poursuivre, afin de le
faire avec plus de suret.
A la phase cratrice succde ainsi nturellement celle qui ordonne et organise tout
dfinitivement.
Le Gouvernement actuei l'a bien compris:
c'est pour cela mme qu'il s'est cart du chemin suivi par ses prdcesseurs bien que
celui-ci fut plus facile et sem d'appas sduisants, auxquels la vanit humaine a si rarement la force de rsister; pour assurer la
tache dure, mais profondment patriotique,
d'clairer le chos. II ajourna la poursuite des
amliorations, si louablement commences et
qui seront trs uti les 1'Etat, jusqu'au moment
ou le terrain sera bien tudi et ne prsentera
plus d'obstacles.
De l vient l'examen attentif auquel le
Prsident asoumis, pendant plus d'une anne,
toutes les branches de l'administration publique; les amputations incvitablesauxquelles
il a condamn certaines excroissances nuisibles au parfait quilibre des affaires; les
substitutions salutaires de services et de
fonctionnaires qu'il a exiges; rconomie et
rintgrit dont il fit preuve dans la rpartition des deniers publics, au moment ou la
crise, que traversait le pays, les rendait d'autant plus ncessaires.

to study which are the initiative organisms of

which we must hasten the evolution, and
those which prudence counselsusto moderate;
in a word we must establish order, wliere
there existed only action, and prudently
stop, in order afterwards to be able to proceed with greater surety. The word creator,
naturally belongs to him who orders and organizes ali things definitively.
The present Government well under stands
this, and for this same reason, it has turned
aside from the track followed by their predecessors (although it was easier, and strewn
with seductive charms to which liuman
vanity has not often the force to resist), to
assume the hard but profoundly patriotic
task of dispelling existing chos.
It postponed the poursuit of the improvements so praisewortliily commenced, and
which will be extremely useful to the State,
when the time arrives, that the ground will
have been well studied, and present no further obstacles.
This is the reason of the attentive examination to which the President has submitted for
more than a year, ali branches of public
administration; the amputation inevitable to
which he has condemned certain excrescences, injurions to the perfect cquilibrium
of affairs; the salutary substitutions of services, and of functionaries which it has
exacted, the economy and the integrity of
which he has given such abundant proof in the
distribution of the public funds at a moment,

Os resultados de orientao assim prudente,

sabia e tenaz, no tardando em fazer-se sentir, j hoje so palpaveis, offerecem-se excepcionalmente promissores com relao a um
futuro proximo. A riqueza publica entra de
ergucr-se de sob o peso, demasiado para
ella, que a assoberbava, e os oramentos
do j conta do alliviamento sentido, seno
em grandes saldos positivos, que muito correriam risco de ser pliantasiosos, ao menos
em um encontro equilibrado de verbas, alis
passadas pelo crivo das peiores probabilidades.
Calculadas as receitas pelo minimo e as
despezas pelo mximo, poder restar margem
a rectificaes agradaveis, jamais a surprezas contrariadoras.
Ora, esse o processo actualmente seguido
na confeco dos oramentos e, apezar d'isso,
no que se refere ao de 1901-1902, em que os
direitos de exportao, por exemplo, se
acham avaliados apenas em 14.680:000^(000,
ao passo que, no anterior, de 1900-1901, figuram por 17.000:000^000, alis com boa base
o equilibrio das rubricas totaes de receita
e de despeza resulta pleno, e ainda com
um pequeno saldo, para aquella, de ris
400:000^000, susceptvel de auginento e nunca
de reduco.
E' que, incidindo essa receita principalmente sobre a borracha, genero de exportao que mais avulta, mas sujeito no s
a alternativas inesperadas de cotao, como
ainda a irregularidades de safra e outras mil
circumstancias occorrentes, todos os clculos,

Les rsultats d'un systme d'administration aussi prudent que sage et ferme, n'ont
pas tard se faire sentir, ils sont vidents
aujourd'hui et permettent, bon droit, d'esprer un avenir plein de promesses. La
richesse publique commence pouvoir supporter le poids trop lourd qui 1'crasait. La
situation des budgets devient favorable, sinon
par de grands bonis positifs qui pourraient
tre considrs comme fantaisistes, mais par
un bilan bien quilibr, dont les chiffres ont
pralablement t passs au crible des probabilits les plus dfavorables.
En calculant les recettes au minimum, et les
dpenses au maximum, on peut s'attendre
des rectifications agrables, jamais des
surprises contrariantes.
C'est l leprocd actuellement adopt dans
la confection des budgets. En 1901-1902, par
exemple, les droits d'exportation sont estims
14.680:000^000 reis, alors que 1'anne prcdente, 1900-1901, ce mme poste portait,
quoique calcul sur de bonnes bases,
17.000:000^000 reis; il rsulte de Texamen
des chiffres de recettes et de dpenses, que
ce poste se solde par un lger boni de
400:000^000 reis, susceptible d'augmentation,
mais jamais de diminution.
Dire que cette recette rsulte principalement de l'exportation du caoutchouc, c'est
dire en mme temps, qu'elle est base sur une
hypothse des plus alatoires; car, s'il est
vrai que cefcte marchandise est 1'objet d'une
exportation trs importante, il faut dire
d'autre part, qu'elle est expose des alter-

wlien the crisis, which overwhelmed the country, rendered it so much the more necessary.
The results of a system of administration, as
prudent as wise and firm, was not long in making itself felt; they,are evident to day, and
permit us to hope for a future full of promise.
The public riches commence to support
the too heavy weight which was crushing it.
The situation of the budgets becomes favourable; not by high figures, which might be considered a fancy, but by an even balance, of
which the amounts have been previously passed to the riddle of the most unfavourable
probabilities.
By calculating the receipts at a minimum,
and the expenses at a maximum, one may
expect agreeable rectifications, disappointing
surprises never.
That was themanner adopted in formingthe
budgets in 1901-1902, for example the export
dues are estimated at 14.680:000^000 reis,
when but the preceding year 1900-1901, this
same poste bore, although calculated on good
bases ^17.000:000^000 reis; it resulted frora
an examination of the figures of receipts and
expenses, that this poste is settled by a
slight bnus of ^00:000^000 reis, susceptible
of augmentation, but never of diminution.
If we say that this receipt concerns principally the exportation of india-rubber, that is
to say, itis based on a most variable hypothesis, for if it is true that this article of merchandise is very important, it is on the other
hand exposed to unexpected alternations of

nunca de mais rpetil-o, assentaram na bas

da peior das hypotheses, nico ponto de partida idoneo a garantir no s a boa-f de quem
calculou como, e sobretudo, os resultados do
calculo feito.
No local, este, proprio para minuciosas
referencias de ordem economico-financeira.
O exemplo citado que valha, porm, como
padro, j dos processos oramentrios do governo, j, em geral, da providencia e escrupulo de que elle reveste todos os seus actos
o que alis constitue, hoje, mais do que
certeza corrente, no s no paiz como no
extrangeiro.
A bizarra aceitao obtida pela ultima Mensagem do Governo presente ao Congresso do
Estado, em sua sesso de 10 de julho do anno
de 1901, por parte da imprensa de Londres,
de Paris, de Lisboa, do Porto de Bruxellas,
de Anvers, de todas as cidades, emfim, em
relao commercial com a praa de Manaos,
envolve mais do que prova cabal de quanto a
confiana dos mercados externos acompanha e
at anima a obra meritria do actual Governo.
E' facto, infelizmente incontestvel, que a
terrrivel crise que tem assoberbado o paiz no
poupou o Estado do Amazonas. Tem-se ella
feito sentir tambm aqui, e por bem rude
frma. O mau tempo nem sequer vae ainda de
todo passado. Mas no menos verdade, e
digna de que se registre, haver sido esta
praa uma das da Unio onde menos o seu
effeito repercutiu quanto a fallencias, suspenses de pagamentos, etc.

natives inattendues de prix, des irrgularits de rcoltes et d'autres circonstances

dfayorables. Le calculateur a du en tenir
compte, pour garantir la sincrit des rsultats de son travail.
Nous ne pouvons ici insister minutieusement sur toutes les questions d'conomie et
de finance. Q,u'on veuille donc s'en rapporter
1'exemple ci-dessus, comme un spcimen
des rgies suivies pour 1'adoption des budgets
ainsi que de la prvoyance et des soins mticuleux qui dirigent tous les actes du Gouvernement. Ceci est reconnu aujourd'hui, tant
dans le pays qu' Ttranger.
L'accueil fait au message que le Gouvernement a prsent au Congrs de 1'Etat, en
sance du 10 juillet de 1'anne de 1901, et la
faon dont il a t comment par la presse de
Londres, de Paris, de Lisbonne, d'Oporto, de
Bruxelles, d'Anvers, bref, de toutes les villes
qui ont des rapports commerciaux avec Manaos,
prouve, jusqu' 1'vidence, que la confiance
de l'tranger suit et encourage l'oeuvre mritoire de nos administrateurs.
II est malheureusement incontestable en
fait, que la terrible crise qui a pes sur le pays
n'a pas pargn 1'Etat de 1'Amazones. Elle s'y
est fait sentir aussi, et mme de rude manire.
Le mauvais temps n'est mme pas encore
pass. Mais il n'est pas moins vrai, et il faut
insister l-dessus, que c'est un des Etats de
l'Union qui furent le . moins prouvs quant
aux faillites, suspensions de payements, etc.
Ce fait est des plus suggestifs, il est incon-

price, irregularities of yield, and many other

unfavourable circumstances. The calculator
must take ali these things into count, to guarantee accuracy in. the result of his calculations.
We cannot here go into ali the details which
concern the question of economy and finance,
but the above remarks may be taken as an
example for the rules followed for the adoption of the budgets, also for the forsight and
more than scrupulous care which direct ali
the actions of the Government. This is acknowledged not only in the country itself, but
abroad.
The reception given to the message presented by the Government to the State Congress at a meeting held on the ioth of July of
the year 1901, and the way it has been
commented upon by the London, Paris,
Lisbon, Oporto, Brussels, Antwerp press,
andby ali those towns which have commercial
relations with Manaos, prove beyond doubt
that the cnfidence of foreigners follows and
encourages the meritorious work of our administrators.
It is unhappily an incontestable fact, that
the terrible crisis, which overwhelmed the
country, has not spared the Amazon State. It
hs made itself felt there also, and that in a
marked manner. The bad time is even yet not
quite passed. But it is not the less true, and
we must insist on this point, that it is, of
the States of the Union, the least tried by
failures, stopping of banks, etc. This fact is

Este facto, frisantissimo, e que no soffre

desmentido, prova bem o desafogo em que o
commercio local se encontrava e muito depe
em favor da riqueza publica do Estado.
Emquanto crise local proveniente j
da depresso subitanea soffrida pela borracha que, de I2$ooo e I4$ooo, a que era
cotada em tempos no mui remotos, desceu
a 6$ooo e menos; j da relativa alta dos
cmbios, concorrendo a desequilibrar o statu
quo estabelecido nas relaes do aviador com
o seringueiro ella de sua prpria natureza
transitria, pois, uma vez subordinadas as
negociaes futuras s novas condies creadas
pelos dois factores acima, tudo reentrara nos
seus eixos.
E tanto isto mesmo est succedendo j que
as difficuldades, em relao presente safra,
so menores do que as sentidas no anno anterior, sendo de contar que a prxima apenas as
recorde como maus dias idos, e que no deixaram saudades...
Resumindo, a modificao para melhor no
estado geral das coisas accentua-se de dia para
dia; o renascimento do credito com respeito
ao Thesouro publico ahi est bem patente,
para no ir mais longe, na procura de que as
aplices emittidas para converso da divida
do Estado gosam, at ao mximo de 425$ooo
as de 5oo$ooo; os bons effeitos de uma administrao integerrima e pertinazmente encaminhada para o bem commum jamais se
fizeram sentir to promptos.
Se verdade que o passado responde pelo

testable et prouve 1'tat florissnt du commerce local; il peut servir aussi confirmer
la richesse publique de 1'Etat.
Quant la crise provenant de la dpression
momentane et rapide que subit lecaoutchouc,
qui, de i2$ooo et i4$ooo reis, prix auquel cet
article tait cot il y a peu de temps encore,
est tomb 6$ooo reis, et mme moins,
quant la hausse relative du change, crant
le dsquilibre du statu quo tabli dans les
relations entre les intermdiaires et les producteurs, ce ne sont l que des crises momentanes, car, ds le moment ou ces nouvelles
conditions auront t imposes comme bases
des ngociations futures, tout rentrera dans
l'ordre.
Et cela est si vrai, que dj en ce qui concerne la prsente rcolte, les difficults sont
moins grandes que celles de 1'anne dernire;
et tout mne croire qu' la prochaine
rcolte elles ne paratront plus qu'un vague
et peu agrable souvenir des mau vais jours
passs...
En rsum,la transformation de la situation
gnrale se manifeste de jour en jour. Pour ce
qui concerne le Trsor public, il suffit de dire,
pour dmontrer la renaissance de son crdit,
que les obligations de 5oo$ooo reis, mises
lors de la conversion de la dette de 1'Etat,
sont actuellement cotes au maximum de
425^000 reis. Semblable rsultat d'une administration intgre et rsolument dvoue au
bien public, ne se fit jamais sentir aussi
pr omp tem ent.

very suggestive, and incontestably proves the

flourishing state of the local commerce, it
will also [serve to confirm the public wealth
of the State.
As to the crisis arisiag from the rapid, but
temporary depression in the india-rubber
trade, which from i2$ooo and 14^000 reis,
price at which this article was quoted only a
short time ago, had fallen to 6$ooo reis,
and even less; as to the relative rise in the
exchange, causing the upsetting of the equilibrium of the statu quo between the agents
and the producers, these crises are but momentary, for from the moment when the new conditions are imposed as a basis of future ngociations, every thing will be restored to order.
And this is so true, that already as concerning the present harvest, the difficulties are
much less than those of last year, and ali
tends to the belief that next year there will
exist only a vague and disagreeable recollection of bad days past...
In conclusion, after ali, the transformation
in the general situation is manifest from day
tot day. Concerning the Public Treasury it
will be sufficient to prove the revival of its
credit by saying that the shares of 5oo$ooo
reis issued at the time of the National Debt,
arenow quoted at a maximum of
oreis.
Similar results of an honourable and upright
administration, resolutcly devoted to the
public welfare, has nowhere made itsell so
promptly felt. If it be true that the past answers for the future, and that the latter is so

futuro, com mais basta raso deve ser

fiador d'este um preseute j de si desannuveado justo que o actual Governador
do Estado do Amazonas, mais do que esperana de completo renascimento ptrio, seja
tido desde j como garantia segura d'esse
renascimento para que, em pouco mais de um
anno de gesto governativa, tem vindo
trabalhando com to profundo e to patriotico
afinco.
E de que no desanimar na senda encetada responde, por elle, a phrase incisiva
da sua ultima Mensagem, e de que se fez
divisa :
Ponto est em no retroceder!

S'il est vrai que le pass rpond de 1'avenir,

et que celui-ci est d'autant mieux garanti, que
le prsent est plus sur, il est juste de dire que
le gouverneur actuei de 1'Etat de 1'Amazones,
qui a dpass les plus grandes esperances en
matire de rgnration du pays, doit tre
considr comme la plus solide garantie de cet
avenir, pour lequel il a travaill depuis plus
d'un an dj avec une si grande et si patriotique tnacit.
Sa fermet poursuivre la voie qu'il s'est
trace, et qu'il n'abandonnera pas, est tout
entire rsume dans cette plirase de son dernier message, qui est comme une devise :
II ne faut jamais rtrograder.

much more guaranteed, that the present is

much more sure, it is also just to say, that the
present Governor of the Amazone State, who
has exceeded the greatest liopes in the matter
of the regeneration of the country, mustbe
considered as the most solid guarantee of that
future, for which he has laboured already
more tlian a year with so great and patriotic
tenacity.
His determination to follow the track which
he has traced out for himself, and which he
will never abandon, is summed up in his last
message, the phrase of which is as it were
a motto:
Ali reduces itself to this: Never go back.

A Capital.

i i f M ^ CHA-SE a capital do Estado do Amazonas situada nas margens do Rio'Negro, perto da confluncia d'este
com o Amazoitas e entre os seus
dois mais importantes affluentes : o
Madeira e o Purs.
Comquanto fundada em 1669, pouco recorda
na bella cidade de Manaos, de agora, a
antiga villa da Barra. Apenas a egreja Matriz
e umas ou outras estreitas e tortuosas ruas,
raras alis, so testemunho d'um passado
arclieologico que o camartello do progresso
quasi de todo ha feito desapparecer.
Cidade, pois, na sua maior parte de construco recentssima e ainda profundamente
modificada no que conserva dos tempos idos,
obedece o seu traado a uma intelligente disposio arterial, por fornia a convergirem as
suas principaes ruas, avenidas, etc., parte
littoral, onde a vida do commercio. principalmente exercida.
Assim, para o forasteiro que desembarca, .e
j de bordo do navio que o transportou tem
podido apreciar o aspecto geral da cidade,
pois o ancoradouro dos maiores paquetes
fica, quando mais, a um quarto de hora de
distancia do caes, em bote a remos, a impresso tudo quanto pode haver de mais
agradavel.
Do os desembarcadoiros sobre o proprio
corao do Manaos, offerecendo-se, assim, a

The Capital.

La Capitale.

\A capitale de 1'Etat de 1'Amazones

| est situe sur le Rio-Negro, prs de
1'endroit ou il se jette dans 1'Amazones et entre ses deux plus grands
affluents : le Madeira et le Purus.
Quoique fonde en 1669, et jadis nomme la
belle ville de Manaos , il ne lui reste de son
pass archologique que 1'glise cathdrale et
quelquesruestortueuses,rares vestiges chapps au marteau dmolisseur du progrs.
Dans sa plus grande partie, la ville est donc
de construction rcente et trs diffrente de
ce qu'elle tait jadis. Son plan indique une
disposition artrielle sagement conue; toutes
ses rues et avenues principales convergent
vers le littoral, ol le mouvement commercial
est le plus important.
Aussi l'tranger qui dbarque et qui, du
bord du navire qui l'a. transport, a dj pu
apprcierl'aspect gnral de la ville, reste sous
la plus agrable impression, pendant le trajet
d'environ un quart d'heure, qu'exige le transbordem ent depuis l'endroit ou doivenfc mouiller les grands paquebots jusqu'au quai.
Les dbarcadres, qui sont en communication avec le centre de Manaos, prsentent,
soudain, un spectacle toujours nouveau et
digne d'obsrvation. C'est le mouvement des
rues, traverses par de beaux et confortables
bonds (tramways) traction lectrique et

j.

HE capital of the Amazon State is

B ) situated on the bank of the Rio*f8y Negro, near the spot wliere it flows
into the Amazon, and between its
two greatest affluents; the Madeira
and the Purus.
Although founded in 1669, and formerly
called the fair town of Manaos nothing
to-day remains to remind us of its archoeological past, but its cathedral and crooked
streets, rare vestiges escaped from the demolishing liand of progress.
The largest part of the town is thus of modera construction very different from what
it formerly was. The plan of it indicates an
arterial disposition, wisely conceived; ali its
avenues and principal streets converge toward
the littoral, where the commercial movement
is most important.
Thus the stranger who lands, and who
from on board the vessel which has transported him there, has already been able to appreciate the general aspect of the town, remains
under the most agreeable impression during
the quarter of au hour's passage which is
demanded for the trans-shipment, from the
spot where the large steamer must anchor, as
far as the quai.
The landing-stages, which are in communication with the centre of Monaos, suddenly
presents a spectacle, always new and worthy

I I

sbitas, o espectculo, sempre curioso de

observar, de ruas animadas, cortadas por
bellos e espaosos bonds de traco electrica, carroas que se cruzam transportando
mercadorias de bordo dos lanclies, ou da
Alfandega e dos trapiches para importantes
casas commerciaestodo o movimento,emfim,
de uma cidade que, de dia para dia, vae alargando a sua espliera de importancia e accentuando a sua justa aspirao a futuro emporio
commercial.
E' a Avenida Eduardo Ribeiro a principal artria de Manaos. De mui recente construco, porm j na quasi totalidade de seu
primeiro treclio edificada, veem-se n'ella,
seno os principaes estabelecimentos da capital, com certeza os mais elegantes, taes como
armazns de modas e de exposio e venda de
objectos de Arte, ateliers de modistas e de
alfaiates, innumeros lioteis e restaurants ,
algums espaosssimos e montados com luxo
verdadeiramente europeu, etc.
A' esquerda, subindo, fica o sumptuoso
edificio do Palacio da Justia, e, direita,
enfrentando este, e no menos magestoso, o
vasto Theatro Amazonas.
Qualquer d'elles , exteriormente, grandioso, e internamente de uma elegancia e
disposio artistica devras notveis.
Tanto o trio, como a escadaria do Palacio
de Justia, como, ainda, o bello trabalho de
estuque de algumas de suas salas, e o faustuoso mobilirio, por exemplo, do Tribunal
do Jury, se impem admirao do visitante.
Aquifuncciona o Superior Tribunal do Estado

34

par les charrettes, qui se croisent en tous sens

pour le transport des marchandises, qu'elles
chargent bord des chalands de la douane et
dans les trapiches (entrepts),qui servent aux
maisons de commerce importantes. C'est tout
cemouvement d'une villequi cliaque jour, croit
en tendue et en importance, et accentue toujours sa juste aspiration devenir un futur
emporium commercial.
L'artre principalede Manaos est l' Avenida
Eduardo Ribeiro . Quoique de construction
trs rcente,elle est dj presque entirement
borde de maisons dans sa premire parti e.
On y rencontre, sinon les premiers tablissements de la capitale, du moins et assurment,
les plus lgants, tels que des magasins de
nouveauts, d'exposition et de vente d'objets
d'art, des ateliers de modistes et de tailleurs,
d'innombrables htels et restaurants, dont
quelques-uns trs vastes et meubls avec un
luxe tout fait europen, etc.
A gache, en montant, on remarque le
somptueux Palais de Justice, et, en face de
celui-ci,le non moins superbe et vasteThtre
de 1'Amazones.
Tous deux sont d'un aspect grandiose
1'extrieur, d'une lgance et d'une disposition artistique trs remarquables 1'intrieur.
Le vestibule, le grand escalier du Palais de
Justice, les beaux ornements en stuc de quelques-unes de ses salles,ainsi que par exemple
le mobilier fastueux du Tribunal du Jury,
s'imposent 1'admiration des visiteurs. C'est
l que fonctionne le Tribunal suprieur de

of observation. It is the movement of the

streets crossed by the fine and comfortable
" bonds " (electric tramcars), and by the carts
which cross each other in every direction,
transporting merchandise which is loaded on
board the lighters belonging to the customhouse and the " trapiches " (entrepots) used
by the most important commercial houses.
It is ali this movement of a town which is
every day increasing in size and importance,
always accentuating its just aspiration to
become a future commercial emporium.
The principal artery of Manaos, is the
" Avenida Eduardo Ribeiro ". Although of
very recent construction, it is already nearly
lined, at its most important end, with houses.
If not the principal establishments of the
capital, certainly some of the most elegant
are to be found there, such as drapery warehouses, warehousesfor the exhibition and sale
of objets d'art, milliners work-rooms, tailors,
innumerable hotis and restaurants, many
of which are very large and luxuriously furnished in a style quite Europan, etc.
On the left going up, is the sumputous LawCourts, facing which is the no less superb
and vast Theatre ofthe Amazon.
Both have an exterior of imposing grandeur, and the interior has an elegance and artistic arrangement very remarkable.
The vestibule, the grand staircase of the
Law-Courts, the fine ornaments in stucco, to
be found in some of the rooms, also for example, the magnificently furnislied Court of the
Jury, ali call forth the admiration of the

e se realisam todos os. actos correlativos com

a applicao da justia. A Junta Commercial
egualmente l tem a sua sde provisoria
coutando, dentro em pouco, ser installada em
edificio proprio.
Por seu lado, o Theatro Amazonas, cuja
frontaria d para a praa de So Sebastio,
offerece, interiormente, todas as commodides
exigiveis d'uma casa de espectculos de cunho
modernissimo.
E'a sala em forma de lyra e flanqueada por
imponente columnada que muito concorre
para lhe imprimir grandeza. As pinturas do
tecto so de bello gosto e execuo, como as do
panno de bocca. Emfim, ailluminaoa luzelectrica, privativa do edificio, abundantssima e
presta-se, no palco, merc de sua engenhosa
installao, a todos os chamados effeitos de
scena.
Corredores, escadarias, e tambm os camarotes e frisas, tudo espaosssimo, como se
torna indispensvel em climas quentes, dando
aquelles para as varandas lateraes, por sua
vez egualmente amplas e d'onde se domina
com a vista um bello trecho da cidade, dada
a situao elevada em que se encontra o
theatro.
Ainda na frente, e sobre a arcaria das portas
principaes, fica uma outra varanda ou galeria
contigua ao salo, foyer do theatro.Merece
este especial, posto que breve meno. Inaugurado em 29 de junho do anno 1901, por
occasio da estreia da ultima companhia lyrica
que trabalhou em Manaos, obedece ao mesmo
estylo da sala d'espectculo, sendo, porm,

Vtat, de l que partent tous les actes concernant 1'application de la j ustice. La Junte commerciale y sige aussi provi soirement, en
attendant son installation dans un difice
spcial.
De son ct, lo Thtre de 1'Amazones, dont
la faade donne sur la place Sao-Sebastio,
offre l'intrieur toutes les commodits que
l'on peut exiger d'une salle de spectacle de
conception trs moderne.
La salle est en forme de lyre et entoure
d'une imposante colonnade, qui contribue
beaucoup l'impression de grandeur qu'elle
produit. Lapeinture duplafond ainsi que celle
du rideau sont d'un gout sur et d'une excution trs dlicate. Enfin, Tclairage la
lumire lectrique, fournie par l'tablissement, est trs abondant et ajoute beaucoup
aux effets scniques, par l'ingniosit de son
installation.
Les couloirs, les escaliers, ainsi que les
loges et les frises sont trs spacieux, comme
il convient dans les climats chauds. Les premires ont accs sur les grands balcons latraux, du haut desquels le regar d embrasse la
plus belle partie de la cit, grce la situation
leve ou se trouve le thtre.
La faade aussi est agrmente d'un balcon,
deux autres, formant galerie, sont situs audessus de 1'arcade qui surmonte chaque porte
principale : ils donnent accs au foyer du
thtre. Celui-ci mrite une courte description. Son inaugration date du 29 juin de l'anne 1901, au moment mme ou dbutait la
dernire troupe lyrique qui se fit entendre

visitor. It is there tliat ali the duties of the

High-Court of justice of the State, are performed, and from there issue ali the acts relating
to the application of justic.
The Junte (Spanish commercial council)
holds its meetings liere provisionally, wliile
waiting its installation in a special building.
The " Theatre " of which the facade looks
on the Place St. Sebastio, offers ali the
luxury and comfort in the interior, that a
theatre constructed according to plans of the
latest modern style, can conceive.
The auditorium is built in the form of a lyre,
and surrounded with an imposing colonnade,
which contrib"utes much to the impression of
grandeur which it produces. The painting of
the ceiling, also that of the curtain are of exquisite taste, and an execution very delicate. The
electric light furnished by the establishment
is very abundant, and adds much to the scenic
effect by the ingenuity of its installation.
The lobbies, staircases, also the boxes and
stalls are very spacious, as is necessary in
warm climates. The corridors open on to large
lateral balconies, from the lieiglits of which,
owing to the elevated position of the theatre,
the view embraces the finest part of the city.
The facade also is furnished with a balcony,
and two otliers, forming galleries, are situated
over the arcade which surmounts each principal entrance, and give acces to the " foyer "
of the theatre. Here is a shrt description :
Its inauguration dates from the 29th of June
of the year 1901, at the moment when the
last lyrical troop was making itself lieard in

ainda mais bello o aspecto de seu conjuncto

talvez porque, dadas as suas propores
mais reduzidas, a vista o abarca n'um relance.
As mesmas columnas, as mesmas pinturas
delicadas : aqui trechos da natureza amazonica, alli um bello panneau central,
representando um dos principaes episodios
do Guarany, e, nos intercolumnios, nas entreportas e por sobre estas, ligeiros motivos picturaes sempre inspirados na flora e na fauna
locaes.
O sobrado, constitudo por um delicioso
parquet em que as mais preciosas madeiras do paiz se acham representadas,
trabalho no s de alto valor artstico como
intrnseco.
Costumam cantar, no theatro Amazonas, de
preferencia, companhias lyricas italianas; o
que no quer dizer que o governo o no ceda
de bom grado, desde que lhe seja requerido,
j)ara companhias dramaticas ou de canto,
nacionaes ou extrangeiras, quando offerecem
garantia da idoneidade artstica das figuras
com que so formadas. Assim, varias compa
nhias brasileiras e portuguezas, de drama
e de opereta teem n'elle trabalhado com successo; Giov. Emmanuel, o grande trgico
italiano l fez, tambm, farta colheita de
applausos; e, ainda no genero opereta italiana algumas teem sido as notabilidades que
o teem visitado.
Possue Manaos um outro theatro-barraco,
situado na praa da Republica, o Eden-theatro,
de feio popular, onde trabalham as companhias de ordem inferior; um circo ou

Manaos; le style ressemble celui de la salle

de spectacle, mais plus agrable encore, de
proportions plus rduites, ce qui permet au
regard de 1'embrasser d'un seul coup. Ce sont
les mmes colonnes,lesmmes peintures fines
et dlicates: ici, des sites de la nature amazonienne, l, un beau panneau central illustrant un des principaux pisodes du Guarany,
et, dans les entre-colonnes, au-dessus des
portes et sur les panneaux qui sparent cellesci, des sujets plus lgers inspirs par la faune
et la flore du pays.
Le plancher, superbcment parque t, montre
des spcimens des plus prcieux bois du pays;
c'est un travail vraiment artistique et d'une
grande valeur intrinsque.
Ce sont, le plus souvent, des troupes
lyriques italiennes qui se font entendre sur la
scne du Thtre de 1'Amazones. Cela ne veut
pas dirc cependant que le Gouvernement en
interdirait 1'aces d'autres, quelles soient
dramatiques ou lyriques, de nationalit brsilienne ou trangre; il suffit qu'elles demandent l'autorisation indispensable, et qu'elles
puissent garantir que le personnel qui les
compose est vraiment artistique. Plusieurs
troupes brsiliennes et portugaises y ont jou
avec succs, le grand tragdien italien Giov.
Emmanuel s'y est fait applaudir, et plusieurs
notabilits de 1'oprette italienne l'ont honore de leur visite.
Manaos possde un autre thtre, appel
Eden-Theatro, qui se trouve situ place de la
Rpublique; son genre est plus populaire et
les troupes qui s'y exhibent, d'un rang inf-

Manaos; in style it is similar to the hall of the

theatre, but still more agreeable, its proportions being more reduced, which permits the
regard to take it in at a glance. There are
the same columns, the same painting fine and
delicate; here lovely spots of Amazonian
landscape, there a fine central panei illustrating one of the principal episodes of the Guarany; and on the intercolumniations, above
the doors, and on the paneis of the doors, are
subjects, more lightly inspired by the fauna
and flora of the country.
The floor, superb parquetry, shows specimens of the most precious woods of the country, it is truly an artistic piece of work
of grcat intrinsic value.
It is most often Italian lyric troops which
are heard on the stage of the Amazon theatre.
This does not however imply that the Government interdicts access to others, be they dramatic or lyric, of Brazilian nationality, or
foreigners; it is sufficient that they ask the
authorization indispensable, and that they can
guarantee that the personnel of their company
are truly artistic. Many Brazilian and Portuguese companies have played there with success. The Italian tragedian, Giov. Emmanuel has made himself applauded there, and
many celebrities of the Italian opera have
honoured the theatre by a visit.
Manaos possesses another theatre, called
the Eden- Theatro, situated in the " Place de
la Republique" this is of a more popular kind,
and the performance is generally by companies of inferior rank. Besides this there is a

colyseu tauromachico, no Bosque da Cachoeirinha e, na avenida Eduardo Ribeiro, o Cassino Amazonense que offerece espectculos
de canonetas, bailados, etc., por artistas
de varias nacionalidades, com programma
todas as noites variado, e no genero caf
chantant.
Varias cervejarias sustentam, de tarde e
noite, pequenos concertos destinados a attrahir os frequentadores e distrahil-os, e, finalmente, e para encerrar o capitulo das diverses
publicas, aos domingos, 5as feiras edias feriados, uma das magnificas bandas do Regimento
Militar do Estado executa, das 6 s 9 lioras da
noite, no Jardim Municipal da Praa da
Republica, escolhido programma, que chama
ao pequeno mas elegante jardimsinho grande
concorrncia de publico. Alm da avenida
Eduardo Ribeiro outras ruas de Manaos merecem especial referencia. Assim, a Rua Municipal que se estende desde a Praa da
Republica, calada a parallellipipedos de granito, ladeada de arvores, um verdadeiro
boulevard , emfim; a pequena em extenso,
mas importante por seu commercio de retalho,
rua da Installao; a ampla e bella rua dos Remedios, com o seu magnifico leito de asplialto,
o enorme largo da Matriz, debruado sobre o
rio, com seus jardins em declive, ladeando o
velho edificio jesuitico da egreja de Manaos,
com as duas torres lateraes recortando-se no
co azul profundo, ao centro a Cruz, padro
uniforme de quantos templos a Ordem deixou
semeados por todo esse Brasil; a praa de
S. Sebastio, cujo taboleiro central,tendo no

rieur. Outre cela, un cirque affect aux

courses de taureaux, situ dans le bois de
Cachoeirinha et dans 1'avenue Eduardo
Ribeiro, le Cassino Amazonense, ou l'on danse
des ballets, chante la chansonnette, etc.; c'est
le genre caf chantant, dont le programme
varie chaque soir et ou les artistes sont de
toutes nationalits.
De nombreuses brasseries donnent desauditions musicales, 1'aprs-midi et le soir, pour
attirer la clientle et la distraire. Pour conclure avec le chapitre des divertissements
publics, ajoutons que la superbe musique
du rgiment militaire de 1'Etat, excute
tous les dimanches, les jeudis et les jours
fris, de 6 9 heures du soir, un programme
choisi au Jardin municipal de la Praa da
Republica, ce qui attire une grande affluence
de monde dans cet lgant petit jardin. Outre
l'avenue Eduardo Ribeiro, quelques autres
rues de Manaos, ont droit une mention spciale. Parmi celles-ci, la Rua Municipal ,
qui commence la Praa da Republica ,
est pave de paralllipipdes de granit et
plante d'arbres qui en font un vritable boulevard; la Rua da Installao , pas fort
longue, mais importante par son commerce
de dtail; la grande et belle Rua dos Remedios , magnifiquement asphalte au ciment;
et l'norme largo da Matriz (place de
l'glise mtropole), qui commande le fleuve,
avec ses jardins en pente, elle ctoie l'glise
de Manaos, difice lev par les Jsuites,
dont les deux tours latrales se dcoupent
dans le ciei bleu fonc, avec, au centre, la

ring devoted to bull-fighting, in the Cachoeirinha ; in the Avenue Eduardo Ribeiro is the
Cassino Amazonense, where ballets are dan
sed and songs are sung, etc., it is a kind of
caf chantant , with a fresh programme
every evening, and where the artists are of
ali nationality.
Numerous beer-gardens give musical performances in {tlie afternoon and evening, to
attract their customers, andafford them entertainment. Finally, and to finisli this cliapter
of public amusements, let us add that the superb military band of the State regiment, executes every Sunday,Thursday and onftedays
from 6 to 9 in the evening a well selected programme of music in the Municipal Garden, of
the ff Praa da Republica " which attracts an
enormous affluence of people, in this elegant
little garden. Besides the Avenue Eduardo
Ribeiro, some other streets of Manaos deserve
a special mention. Among othersthe "Rua
da Republica" is paved in paralelipipedes of
granit, and planted with trees forming a veritable boulevard; the "Rua da Installao" not
very long, but important in retail commerce;
the large and fine " Rua dos Remedios " magnificently asplialted with cement; and the
immense " largo da Matriz " (Square of the
Metropolitan cliurch) with gardens sloping
down to the river; it borders the Manaos
church,anedifice built by-the Jesuits,of which
the two lateral towers are well defineable in
the dark blue sky, with the Cross in the centre,
this uniform symbol of ali the temples which
the order has sown throughout Brazil; and

*7

meio o monumento commemorativo da abertura do Amazonas livre navegao, calado

a pequeninas pedras brancas e pretas, granito
e basalto, formando capriclioso desenho,
maneira portugucza, etc., etc.
Foram franqueados ao publico os jardins
da Matriz no dia 8 de outubro do anno
1901, em solemnisao da -data do anniversario natalicio do governador do Estado
Dr. Silvrio Nery, causando desde logo a
clisposiSo d'elles a melhor impresso. E' que,
habilmente aproveitada a sua topographia
especial, a prpria irregularidade do terreno,
que descae n'um pendor suave, facilitou uma
serie de pequeninas obras d'arte, taes como
tneis de passagem, pittorescas pontes, lagos
com bifurcaes d'agua, etc., que, ao mesmo
tempo que produzem bello effeito, imprimem
ao todo uma nota typica, caracteristica.
Todas estas pontes e at os bancos, caramanclieis, etc., que ornamentam os jardins
sao executados em ferro ou modelados em
cimento, simulando troncos toscos de arvores
que a vegetao, "breve revestindo, ainda
mais faz parecerem naturaes.
Dos lados da egreja, no pequeno planalto
em que ella assenta, existem dois coretos,
amplos e elegantes, e o chalet onde se acha
installado o Observatrio meteorologico, e
d'onde, ao meio dia, marcada a hora
official.
Na Praa do General Osorio um outro
jardim se offerece ao publico, no menos espa-

Croix, ce symbole .uniforme de tous les temples que 1'Ordre a sems dans tout le Brsil;
enfin, la Praa de San-Sebastio,au centre
de laquelle se trouve le monument commmoratif de 1'affranchissement de 1'Amazones,
rendue la navigation libre; elle est pave
d'une sorte de mosaque en pet ites pierres
blanclies et noires,formant des dessins capricieux dans le style portugais, etc.
Les jardins de la Matriz ont t ouverts
au public, le 8 octobre 1901, le jour mme
ou. fut ft l'anniversaire de la naissance
du gouverneur de 1'Etat, le Dr Silvrio Nery;
cette mesure fut trs bien accueillie. On
a su tirer un parti trs adroit de la topograpliie de ce jardin; l'irrgularit mme du
terrain a rendu facile la construction d'une
srie de petites oeuvres d'art, telles que tunnels, ponts pittoresques, lacs, dont les eaux
bifurquent curieusement, etc. Tout cela produit un trs bel effet et jette sur 1'ensemble
une note typique et caractristique.
Tous ces ponts, ces banes, ces tonnelles
sont construits en fer, on bien en ciment qui
simule de grossiers trones d'arbres, auxquels
le revtement de la vgtation donne en peu
de temps un aspect naturel.
Du ct de 1'glise, et dans le petit tertre
qui l'entoure, sont places deux tribunes spacieuses et lgantes, qui servent aux orchestres; l, se trouve aussi un chalet, dans lequel
on a install l'Observatoire mtorologique,
qui, chaque jour, midi, indique l'heure officielle.
A la Praa do General Osorio se trouve

lastl-y comes the " Praa de San-Sebastio " in

the centre of which rises the monument in
ommemoration of the enfrancliisementof tlie
Amazon to free navigation; it is paved with
a sort of mosaic, in small back and white
stones, forming capricious designs in the portuguese style, etc.
The gardens of the Matriz were opened to
tlie public on the 8th October 1901, the same
day of the fte in honour of the annivrsary
of the birtli of the Governor of the State,
Dr Silvrio Nery; this measure was very well
received.
The topograpliy of this garden has been
very ingeniously worked out; even the irregularity of the ground has rendered easy the
construction of quite a series of small works of
art, such as summer houses, arbours, lakes of
which the water bifurcates curiously, picturesque bridges, etc.
These bridges, seats, arbours, etc., are ali
built of iron, or in cement, representing
large trunks of trees, which, being in a sliort
time covered with vegetation, assume an aspect quite natural. Ali this produces a very
fine effect and casts over the wliole a tone at
once typical and caracteristic.
Beside the church, and on the rising ground
which surrounds it, are erected two spacious
and elegant band-stands for the orchestra;
close by is a chalet where is installed the
Meteorological Observatory, which every day
at noon indicates the official time.
A the " Praa do General Osorio " is anotlier public garden not less great; this latter

oso; este, porm, plano, no genero square

dos inglezes, isto , sem vegetao elevada,
a no ser na avenida que o delimita, plantada
de arvoredo. Possue, tambm; um amplo
coreto, mas, mingua dei Iluminao electrica,
que ainda alli se no acha installada, no tem
sido possvel fazer derivar para l a concorrncia do publico que, em noites de musica,
prefere o microscopico jardim da Praa da
Republica.
Acha-se este delimitado por alto gradeamento e, comquanto elegante de sua disposio, como j ficou dito, e possuindo bellos
exemplares de plantas, to acanhado o seu
permetro'que a custo comporta, s vezes, a
concorrncia dos visitantes. Bem illuminado,
porm, e com outras commodidades taes como
achar-se proximo da estao central dos
bonds , a preferencia do povo por elle
decisiva.
D'entre os principaes edifcios pblicos de
Manaos, alm dos j citados, ha mais o
Palacio do Governo, precisamente em frente
do ultimo jardim referido, pois as obras do
novo palacio, em construco no alto da avenida Eduardo Ribeiro, um pouco acima e
entre o Theatro e o Palacio de Justia,
vo brevemente recomear; o Palacete da
Intendencia, Rua Municipal, de apparencia modesta mas amplo, com bellas salas
onde, por signal, no raro artistas lyricos de
passagem pela capital realisam concertos; o
Gymnasio Amazonense; a Escola Modelo;

un jardin public non moins vaste;. celui-ci,

dans le genre des squares anglais, c'est--dire
vgtation peu leve, sauf 1'avenue plante
d'arbres qui 1'entoure. II possde aussi une
vaste tribune pour concerts; mais, comme il
n'a pas encore t possible d'y installer la
lumire lectrique, le public n'y afflue pas, et
donne la prfrence, les soirs de concerts, au
minuscule jardin de la Praa da Republica .
Celui-ci est entour d'une haute grille, et
bien que, comme nous 1'avons dj dit, il soit
dispos d'une faon gracieuse et contienne de
beaux spcimens de vgtation, son primtre
est si rduit que c'est avec peine, parfois,
qu'il peut contenir la foule des visiteurs.
Mais comme il est bien clair et qu*en outre,
il offre d'autres avantages, tels que sa proximit de la gare centrale, des tramways, etc.;
tout le monde lui donne dfinitivement la
prfrence.
Parmi les principaux difices publics de
Manaos, en dehors de ceux dj cits, il y a
encore le Palais du Gouvernement, qui est
prcisment en face du jardin ci-dessus mentionn. Les travaux du nouveau palais en construction, dans le haut de l'avenue Eduardo
Ribeiro, entre le thtre et le palais de justice, vont bientt tre repris. Citons encore le
petit palais de 1'Intendencia, dans la Rua
Municipal, d'apparence modeste, mais vaste
et possdant de superbes salons, telle
enseigne qu'il n'est pas rare d'y voir des
artistes lyriques de passage y organiser leurs
concerts; le Gymnasio Amazonense, l'Es-

in the style of English squares, viz. with rather

high vgtation, excepting the avenue planted
with trees which surround it. It possesses
also a band-stand for concerts, but as at
present it has not been possible to install
the electric liglit, the public do not resort
there in great numbers, but give the preference, on the evenings of the concerts, to the
microscopical garden of the " Praa da Republica ".
This latter is enclosed by a high iron railing, and although as we have already said, it
is arranged in a very graceful way and contains fine specimens of vgtation, its perimeter is so reduced, that it is with difficulty it
can hold the sometimes large crowds of visitors. But as it is well lighted, and offers
besides other advantages, such as its proximity tho the Central Station, the tramways, etc., every body decidedly give it the
preference.
Among the principal public buildings of
Manaos, besides those already mentioned,
there is still the Government Palace, which is
exactly opposite the garden above mentioned.
The work of the new palace which is in course
of construction, in the upper part of the
" Avenue Eduardo Ribeiro ", will soon be
resumed. We must not forget to mention the
"Palacete da Intendencia" in the "Rua Municipal ". It is large, although modest in appearance, and possesses some superb salons, of
such renown, that it is by no means rare to see
lyric artists en tour, organize their concerts
there; among others : The Gymnasio Ama-

o Quartel do Regimento Militar do Estado ;

o Thesouro Publico, a Imprensa Estadual, etc.
Ao piedoso exerccio da religio catkolica
so votados trez templos, alm de pequenas
capellas, dos quaes o mais importante a
egreja Matriz. A religio evangelica tambm tem duas casas de orao com praticas aos domingos e todas as ceremonias do
respectivo ritual.
Larga a representao, nao s na capital
como em todo o Estado, dabenemerita instituio manica, que conta as seguintes officinas:
Consist.*. dos Ssubl .*. Pprinc.*. (inswtllado
em 1900); Consist .*. de Kad
(1899); Loj
Esperana e Porvir (1872), e respectivo
Cap ..; Loj .*. Amazonas (1877), e resp.
Cap .*.; Loj .*. Conciliao Amazonense
(1894), e resp. Cap .*.; Loj .\ Rio-Negro
(1896), e resp. Cap .*.; Loj .. Cinco de
Setembro , com sde em Manacapur (1897),
e resp. Cap .\; Loj . Aurora Luzitana
(1897), e resp. Cap .'.; Loj .*. Arkbal , com
sde em Itacoatiara (1898); Loj .*. Alliana,
com sde em Canutama (1899); Loj .*. Deus,
Lei e Perseverana (1900); Loj .\ Fraternidade Amazonense (1901).
O Gro-Mestre da Maonaria Brasileira
tem, no Estado, um seu Delegado.
De trez cemiterios que existem, de So
Joo, de So Jos e de So Raymundo, apenas o primeiro funcciona para o effeito de
inhumaes. Aclia-se o terceiro, de lia muito,
encerrado, e o segundo, no centro da cidade,
pois est situdo na praa 5 de setembro, tam-

cola Modelo, le Quartel do Regimento

militar do Estado , le Tliesouro Publico ,
Imprensa Estadual, etc.
Trois glises, dont la principale est 1'glise
mtropolitaine, et quelques petites chapelles,
sont affectes au culte catholique. La religion
protestante possde deux temples ou ont lieu
les offices du dimanche, et les autres crmonies rituelles.
L'institution bienfaisante delafranc-maonnerie est reprsente, non seulement dans la
capitale, mais dans tout 1'Etat, par les loges
suivantes :
Consist. . dos Ssubl. . Pprinc. . (instai!e en
1900); Consist .*. de Kad .*. (1899); Loj .*.
Esperana e Porvir (1872) et, avec elle,
Cap .*.; Loj .*. Amazonas (1877) et Cap .*.;
Loj
Conciliao Amazonense (1894) et
Cap .'.; Loj
Rio-Negro (1896) et Cap.-.;
Loj .*. Cinco de Setembro , dont le sige
est Manacapuru (1897) et Cap .*.; Loj .*.
Aurora Luzitana (1897) et Cap .*.; Loj .*.
Arkbal , dont le sige est Itacoatiara
(1898); Loj .". Alliana , qui sige Canutama (1899); Loj .*. Deus, Lei e Perseverana (1900); Loj .*. Fraternidade Amazonense (1901).
Le grand-maitre de la maonnerie brsilienne a un dlgu, qui le reprsente dans
1'Etat.
II y a trois cimetires : San-Joo, San-Jos
et San-Raymundo; le premier, seul, est utilis
pour les inhumations. Le troisime est dsafect depuis longtemps; le socond, qui se trouve
au centre de la ville, ne reoit plus les morts.

zonense, the Escola Modelo , the Quartel

do Regimento militar do Estado , the Thesouro Publico, the Imprensa Estadual,etc.
There are three churclies, of which the
principal is the metropolitan churcli, and
a few chapeis belonging to the catliolic
religion. There are two protestant churclies
in which devine service is lield on Sundays,
and which are available for other religious
ceremonies.
The noble order of free-masons is represented not only in the capital, but throughout
the State, by the following lodjes :
Consistdos Ssubl .. Pprinc .. (installed
in 1900); Consist .*. de Kad .*. (1899); Loj .*.
" Esperana e Porvir " (1872) and, with it,
Cap .-.; Loj .*. " Amazonas " (1877) and
Cap .*.; Loj .*. " Conciliao Amazonense"
(1894) and Cap ..; Loj .*. " Rio-Negro " (1896)
and Cap ; Loj .*. " Cinco do Setembro ", of
which the liead lodge is at Manacapuru (1897)
and Cap .*.; Loj .*. " Aurora Luzitana " (1897)
and Cap .".; Loj .*. " Arkbal ", of which the
liead Lodge is at Itacoatiara (1898); Loj .*.
" Alliana ", which sets at Canutama (1899);
Loj
" Deus, Lei e Perseverana (1900) ";
Loj
" Fraternidade Amazonense " (1901).
The grand master of the Brazilian order of
free-masons, has a dclegatc who represents
liim in the State.
There are three cemcteries: San-Joa, SanJos, and San-Raymundo; the first alone of
these is used for burials. The tliird has been
closed for a long time. The second which is
in the centre of the town, is no longcr availa-

bem no recebe mais cadaveres. Apenas,

mediante resoluo da Intendencia, de 14 de
maro do corrente anno, foi concedida auctorisao para celebrar-se missae outras ceremonias religiosas na respectiva capella.
Emquanto ao cemiterio de So Joo, ou
do Moc, actualmente utilisado, acha-se
situado nas cabeceiras dos igaraps da
Castelhana, do Aterro e de Manaos,
e, porque a sua exposio, comquanto em
uma imminencia, no seja a mais consentnea com as boas praticas da hygiene, est
assente fazel-o substituir por outro, em local
mais apropriado.
Segundo a estatstica do movimento d'este
cemiterio, durante o anno de 1900, foi de
2,618 o numero total de enterramentos em
Manaos, o que d pouco mais de 7 por dia,
cifra insignificante para uma populao de,
pelo menos, 4^,000 almas, sobretudo se se
tiver em considerao que a maior parte,
ainda, desses fallecimentos no recahiu sobre
habitantes da capital, mas sim do interior,
dada a pratica d'estes se fazerem transportar
para a cidade, em busca de melhoras, uma
vez perdidas as esperanas de obterem cura
nas localidades onde vivem, isto , em estado
quasi sempre considerado perdido.
Mais d'uma quarta parte das inhumaoes
acima representada por creanas, ou seja
757, das quaes 722 nacionaes e apenas 35
estrangeiras.
Na totalidade da mortalidade tambm a
porcentagem dos nacionaes sobre os extrangeiros avulta, apezar de ser enorme, actual-

Conformment 1'arrt, pris par 1'Intendancia, le 14 mars dernier, sa chapelle continue servir pour la clbraton des messes
et d'autres crmonies religieuses.
Quant au cimetire de San-Joo ou de
Moco, qui sert en ce moment, il est situ
au sommet des igarap de Castelhana de
Aterro et de Manaos. Bien que plac en
un endroit lev, sa situation ne rpond pas
aux ncessits dune bonne hygine : on a
donc rsolu de le remplacer par un autre,
crer dans un endroit plus convenable.
Suivant les chiffres concernant les entres
dans ce cimetire pendant l'anne 1900, les
enterrements se montrent 2,618 pour
Manaos, ce qui reprsente un peu plus de
sept dcs par jour, proportion insignifiante,
pour une population de 45,000 mes,au moins;
si l'on considre surtout, que trs souvent, ces
morts ne sont pas des habitants de la capitale, mais de 1'intrieur, qui ont, en effet,
rhabitude de se faire transporter en ville pour
y chercher un soulagement aux maladies dont
ils souffrent, alors seulement qu'ils ont perdu
tout espoir de se gurir dans les localits qu'ils
habitent, c'est--dire presque toujours, quand
leur tat est devenu irrmdiable.
Plus d'un quart de ces inhumations porte
sur des enfants, soit 757, dont 722 ns au Brsil et 35 trangers.
Le total de la mortalit donne un pourcentage plus lev pour les indignes que pour
les trangers, bien que la colonie trangre de

ble for funerais. Conformably to a resolution

passed by the Intendancia, the i4th of March
last the chaple continues to be used for the
celebration of mass and other religious ceremonies.
As to the cemetery of San-Joo, or Moco,
which is now being utilized, it is situated on
the heights of the igarap of Castelhana,
of Alterro and of Manaos. In spite of its
high position, its situation is not in conformity with the necessities of a good
hygiene, it has therefore been resolved to
replace it by another, to be created in a more
suitable place.
According to the statistics concerning the
funerais in this cemetery for the year 1900,
the burials amounted to 2,618 for Manaos;
this represents rather more than 7 deaths per
day, a truly insignificant proportion for a
population of 4^,000 souls at least. If we
consider especially, that very often these
deaths do not occur among the inhabitants of
the capital, but are persons living in the interior, who being ill, are moved to the town,
for the sake of medicai treatment for the
complaints from which they are suffering,
and very often in an irremediable state, and
only after having lost ali hope of being cured
in the localities where they live.
More than a fourth part of these burials are
of children, viz. 757, of which 722 being born
in Brazil and 35 abroad.
The total of the mortality gives a percentage higher for the natives than for foreigners, although the foreign colony in Manaos

mente, a colonia estrangeira em Manaos,

sendo assim que, para 710 extrangeiros, figuram 1,908 nacionaes.
D'onde, e por completo, se confirma o que
ficou dito sobre salubridade publica, e se
prova, ao mesmo tempo, quanto erroneo
affirmar-se ser o clima do Amazonas mortfero
sobretudo para os extrangeiros.
Possue, ainda, a capital um Mercado Publico, todo construido de ferro e proximo do
rio. A mais rigorosa hygiene alli observada,
pois, para esse effeito, acha-se provido de
agua em abundancia, e magnificas mesas de
mrmore para exposio dos generos de consumo taes como peixe fresco, carnes verdes,
etc. Alm de que se acha o referido mercado
sob a vigi Ian cia technica de um medico, assim
como o Matadouro Publico,situado na margem
direita do Igarap da Cachoeira Grande,
est submettido inspeco de um profissional veterinrio.
No ramo especial de assistncia publica
contam-se vrios estabelecimentos na capital
do Amazonas : o Hospital da Santa Casa
da Misericrdia, o Hospicio de alienados
Eduardo Ribeiro , o lazareto do TJmirizal, na margem esquerda do Rio-Negro, o
hospital da Sociedade Beneficente Portugueza, etc.
Uma repartio de hygiene superintende
em todos os servios de desinfeco e visitas
e inspeces medico-sanitarias,' tendo] ao
laboratorio chimico onde ultimamente se ho
procedido a repetidas analyses dos principaes

Manaos soit devenue norme. La proportion

est, en effet, de 710 trangers pour 1,908 indignes.
Cela confirme pleinement ce que nous avons
dit au sujet de la salubrit publique et prouve,
enmmetemps, 1'erreur complte dans laquelle
tombent ceux qui affirment que le climat de
1'Amazones est un danger mortel, sur tout
pour les trangers.
La capitale possde aussi un march public,
entirement construit en fer, proximit du
fleuve. On y observe une hygine rigoureuse; l'eau y circule en grande abondance;
de grandes et magnifiques tables de marbre
servent l'talage des marchandises : poissons, viandes fraiches, etc. Ce march est
placsousla surveillance technique d'un mdecin; comme, d'autre part, l'abattoir public, qui
est situ sur la rive droite de 1' Igarap de
Cachoeira Grande , est inspect par un
mdecin vtrinaire.
L'Assistance publique forme une organisation spciale dans la capitale de 1'Amazones;
elle possde divers tablissements, tels que
1' Hospital da Santa Casa da Misericrdia ,
l'hospice d'alins Eduardo Ribeiro , le
lazaret du Umirizal, sur la rive gache du
Rio-Negro, 1' Hospital da Sociedade Beneficente Portugueza , etc.
Un bureau d'hygine est charg de la surveillance de tous les services de dsinfection,
des visites et des inspections mdicales. II
possde un laboratoire de chimie, ou. l'on a
procd, tout rcemment, de nombreuses

has become enormous. The proportion indeed being calculated at 710 strangers against
1,908 natives.
This entrely confirms ali that we have said
concerning the public health, and at the same
time proves the complete error into which
those people fali, who affirm that the climate
of the Amazon States is mortally dangerous,
especially for foreigners.
The capital possesses a public market, in
close proximity to the river. It is built entrely of iron, and ali the laws of hygiene are
most rigorously observed in it. Water flows
there in abundance, large and magnificent
marble tables are provided for exposing fish,
fresh meat, etc. The market is under the
supervision of the duly qualified public inspector, in the same way as the public slaughter-houses, situated on the right bank of the
"Igarap da Cachoeira Grande ", areinspected
by a veterinary-surgeon.
The excellent organisation of public assistance forms a special feature in the capital
of the Amazons, it possesses various charitable institutions, such as the '' Hospital da
Santa Casa da Misericrdia"; the " Eduardo
Ribeiro " lunatic asylum; the lazaretto of the
" Umirizal "; on the left side of the RioNegro, the " Hospital of the Sociedade Beneficente Portugueza ", etc.
A hygiene department undertakes the
supervision of ali cases requiring desinfection,
makes medicai visits, and sanitary inspections. It also possesses a chemical laboratory, where quite recently numerous analy-

generos de consumo pblico, passiveis de

sophisticao. A inspeco medico - veterinria sobre, as carnes, no proprio edificio do
Matadouro e na occasio da matana das
rezes, de resultados to preconisados, tambm exercida diariamente com o mximo
rigor.
Um forno crematorio, systema Colwell
destinado incinerao dos lixos e detritos
provenientes da limpeza publica, e um bem
montado servio de recolhimento dos referidos lixos, completam, emfim, o mechanismo
da hygiene, de. caracter permanente, no
pouco concorrendo, de seguro, para garantir cidade a salubridade que fre e de
que do pleno testemunho as estatsticas
officiaes.
Com respeito instruco publica, vrios
so os estabelecimentos onde ella ministrada desde seus primeiros rudimentos at
ao que propriamente constitue matria de
lyceu.
Temos, assim, por escala gradual, as
escolas publicas , em profuso numero por
todo o Estado, e o Instituto Benjamin
Constant , internato de asyladas, destinados
ao ensino primrio; a Escola Modelo , onde
se cursam humanidades; a Escola Normal,
para educaao de professores dos dois sexos ;
e, finalmente, o Gymnasio Amazonense ,
para o curso secundrio. So trez as escolas
modelo creadas por lei, mas par emquanto
apens uma f uncciona.
Ha, mais, innumeros collegios particulares,

analysesdes principales denres livres l'alimentation publique et susceptibles d'tre falsifies. Une inspection mdico-vtrinaire
trs efficace, s'exerce tous les jours, au moment mme de l'abattage des animaux. Ell
examine toutes les viandes dans les locaux
mmes de 1'abattoir et procde avec la plus
grande rigueur.
Un four crmatoire, systme Colwell,
sert 1'incinration des ordures et dtritus de
la ville; et enfin, un . service de ferme des
boues, bien organis, complte ce mcanisme
d'hygine publique, qui est toujours en mouvement et contribue beaucoup, sans doute,
garantir la salubrit de la ville, comme; le
confirment pleinement les statistiques officielles.
Pour ce qui concerne 1'instruction publique,
divers tablissements s'en occupent, depuis
les premiers lments d'instruction primaire
jusqu'aux matires qui constituent le programme des lyces.
Citons, par gradation : les escolas publicas (coles publiques), rpandues avec profusion dans tout 1'Etat, et 1' Instituto Benjamin Constant , asile-internat, destin
l'instruction primaire; 1' Escola Modelo ,
ou. se donnent des cours d'humanits; 1' Escola Normal , qui forme des professeurs des
deux sexes, et, enfin, le Gymnasio Amazonense poui* les tudes secondaires. Les
Escolas Modelo , tablies par voie lgale,
sont au nombre de trois, dont une seule fonctionne.
II y a en outre un grand nombre de col-

ses have been made of the principal alimentary

arti cies mostliable to adulteration. A medicoveterinary inspection very important is exercised every day at,the slaughter-houses, at th
time when the animais are being killed, ali the
meat is examined in the building itself, and
any not considered quite up to the mark is speediiy condemned, and the offendig party proceeded against, with the utmost rigour of the law.
A crematory oven " Colwell system, is in
use for the incineration of ali kinds of rubbisli
and road sweepings, and likewise a mud-farm
with a well organized service, completes this
mechanism of public hygiene, which is always
in movement and doubtless contributes much
to assure the healthiness of the town, as fully
confirmed by official statistics.
Concerning the public instruction, there
are many and various scholastic establishments, from the most elementry to those,
which follow the programme of the higli
schools and colleges.
We will mention by gradation : first
" escolas publicas " public schools, spread
with profusion throughout the State. The
" Instituto Benjamin Constant " asylum for
girls, for primary instruction, the " Escola
Modelo " where are given classes for the
study of the humanities; " Escola Normal "
for the education of professors of both sexes,
and finally the " Gymnasio Amazonense " or
middle school. The " Escolas Modelo " established by law, and of which there are three,
tut at present only one open for pupils.
There exist besides a large number of

um Seminrio Episcopal, 6 escolas municipaes nocturnas, um curso nocturno de humanidades sustentado pelo Centro de Propaganda Spirita , e uma Academia de BellasArtes , sob o patronato do illustre governador do Estado.
Fra da capital dirigem os padres do
Espirito-Santo, custeado pelos cofres pblicos,
um bello estabelecimento de educao litteraria e officinal, e, em Maus, existe tambm
um instituto mantido pela respectiva municipalidade.
A Bibliotheca Publica do Estado >, fundada em 25 de maro de i883, e que possue
para mais de 3,5oo volumes e i5o mappas,
vae ser installada em edificio apropriado e
definitivamente organisada.
Pertence ao Grmio Litterario Portuguez
uma outra bibliotheca, privativa dos socios
do mesmo grmio.
Possue, finalmente, Manaos, uma Associao Commercial, em que se acham inscriptos a maior parte dos commerciantes, logistas
etc., e tem por objecto a defesa e fomento
dos interesses da classe.
O trafego das mercadorias, de bordo dos
vapores, feito, ou directamente para a
Alfandega, ou por meio dos trapiches alfandegados Fernandes, Teixeira e Ventilari e

dos no alfandegados Witt e ponte e trapiche

da Recebedoria.

lges particuliers, un sminaire piscopal, six

coles municipales du soir, un cours du soir
pour les humanits, subsidi par le Centro
de Propaganda Spirita et une Academia
de Bellas-Artes , sous le patronage du gouverneur de 1'Etat.
Les pres du Espirito Santo dirigent, en
dehors de la capitale, un magnifique tablissement d'ducation littraire et artistique;
les frais en sont en partie lacharge des budgets officiels. De plus, il existe Maus un
institut qui est soutenu par l'administration
de cette ville.
La bibliothque publique de 1'Etat, fonde
le 25 mars i883, possde plus de trois mille
cinq cents volumes et cent cinquante cartes
gographiques. Elle sera sous peu installe
dans un nouveau local et dfinitivement organise.
Le Grmio Litterario Portuguez possde
une bibliothque prive, l'usage de ses
membres.
Enfin, Manaos possde une Associao
Commercial, ou la majeure partie des commerants, hteliers, etc., sont inscrits,et qui a
pour objet la dfense des intrts de cette Corporation.
L'enlvement des marchandises, du bord
des vapeurs, est effectu, soit directement
par la douane, soit par 1'entremise des - trapiches de la douane, Fernands, Teixeira,
et Ventilari; ou bien encore par le trapiche
non douanier, Wff,par le pont, ou par letrapiche du bureau de la Recebedoria .

private colleges, an episcopal seminary,

6 municipal evening schools, an evening
class for instruction in the humanities, the
cost of which is defrayed by the 44 Centro de
Propaganda Spirita " and an academy of
" Bellas-Artes " under the patronage of the
governor of the State.
Outside the capital is a magnificent establishment under the direction of the 44 Espirito Santo " fathers, devoted to litterary and
artistic education, which is maintained by the
Official credit. There is also in Maus an
Institute the cost of which is sustained by the
administration of that town.
The public library of the State, founded
25th March i883, possesses more than
3,5oo volumes and i5o maps. This library will
shortly be transferred to a more suitable
building, and definitively organized.
The " Grmio Litterario Portuguez " has a
library but it is private and open to members
only.
Besides ali these Manaos posseses an
m Associaco Commercial " to which most of
the merchants, shop-keepers, hotel proprietors, etc., belong, the object of the Society
is to defend the interests of its members.
The dischargements of merchandise from
on board the steamers is made direct by the
44 customs " or by mdium of the 44 trapiches "
belonging to the custom-house, Fernands,
Teixeira, Ventilari, or sometimes by the 44 tra-

piche " Witt, not in the employ of the customs,

by the bridge, or by the 44 trapiche " of the
'4 Recebedoria ", office where the dues are paid.

Uma companhia do alvarengas Companhia

Manaoense presta, tambm, ao, commercio e
ao publico, os seus servios, quanto a descargas, etc.
As projectadas obras do porto, das quaes
faz parte o estabelecimento e construco de
ancoradoiros, dockas, grandes armazns para
deposito de generos, etc., modificar, decerto,
o actual systema de desembarque, simplificando-o como convm ao movimento, crescente de anno para anno, do porto de Manaos
f-f movimento a que a j por vezes citada Mensagem do Governador do Estado, de dez de
julho corrente, alludenos seguintes elucidativos termos :
No querendo apresentar aqui com toda a
minudncia as observaes suggeridas por
longas enunciaes de algarismos, contento me com dizer-vos que o numero de embarr
caoes brasileiras entradas em nosso porto,
em 1897, sendo apenas de 452, m 1900
elevou se a i,o35; e o das extrangeiras que
fra de 43, subiu a 142. Em relao ao movi mento de passageiros observa-se. outro
augmento no menos considervel, por quanto sendo em 1897 o numero de entradas
20,905, em 1900 estas ascenderam a 48,931,
isto , mais do duplo.
Emquanto imprensa jornalstica existem, na capital, quatro folhas diarias, a
saber 1
O Amazonas, orgo do partido republicano
federal, com 37 annos de existencia; o Commercio do Amazonas, independente, com

D'autre prt, la Companhia Manaoense

s chargo galement du dcliargement des
marchandiss, pour le compte du commerce
et du public.
Un projet do modification des travaux du
port, dont une partie estdj effectue et qui
eomprend la construction de quais d'arrimage,
de docks, de grands entrepts pour lo dpt
des marchandiss, etc., modifiera certainement le systme actuei de dbarquement et le
simplifier, commorexige du reste lo mouvement toujours croissant du port do Manaos.
Faisant allusion ce mouvement, le message
du gouverneur, que nous avons dj cit,
s'exprime trs explicitement dans les termes
suivants :
Sans vouloir m'appesantir dans les petits
dtails, sur les observations que suggrent
do longues numrations de chiffres, je me
bornerai vous dire que le nombre des vais seaux brsiliens entrs dans notre port, qui
s'levait 452 en 1897, est mont i,o35
en 1900; tandisquele mouvement des entres
de navires trangers, qui tait de 43, s'est
lev josqu' 142, pendant cette mme
priode. Quant au mouvement des passagers,
on observe une augmentation non moins
considrable, car le nombre d'entres, qui
tait de 20,905 en 1897, est de 48,931 en 1900,
c'cst--dire plus que le double.
La presse quotidienne est reprsente dans
la capitale par quatre journaux, savoir :
O Amazonas, organe du parti rpublicain
fdral, qui a trente-sept annes d'existence;

Tlie H Companhia Manaoense " also under takes the unloading of vessels on behalf of
commerce and the public.
A project of modification in the work now
going on in the port, a large part of which is
already done, and which comprises the construction of storehouses, docks, large entrepts for the depot of merchandise, etc., will
certainly modify, as well as simplify the
present system of dischargement now in operation, and wliich moreover the ever increasing business of the port demands.
Referring to this great movement the message of the Governor, which we have already
quoted, contains the following pertinent remarks :
Notwishing to enlarge unduly upon ali the
small details of the observations suggested
by a long enumeration of figures, I willjust
briefly state, that the number of Brazilian
vessels which entered our port in 1897, was
452, this number was in 1900 increased to
i,o35; while the entries of foreign ships
liaving been 43, rose to 142 during the same
period. As to the number of passengers,
it is noted that the augmentation is not less
considerable, for the number of entries
which in 1897 was 20,905, reached in 1900,
48,931, more than double.
The daily press in the capital is represented by four newspapers, viz :
O Amazonas, organ of the republican
fdral party, which has existed 37 years;
Commercio do Amazonas, independent, foun-

34 annos de existencia; e o Globo, independente, que vae no seu primeiro anno de vida.
Quinzenalmente, nos dias i e i5 de cada
mez, publica o Centro de Propaganda
Spirita o seu orgo O Mensageiro, e umas
que outras publicaes saem luz da publicidade, mas em periodos incertos, e todas de
vida epliemera.
O servio de fornecimento de aguas feito
na capital em grande abundancia, assegurando
um dispndio de cerca de 100 litros, por dia
e por habitante, o que de primordial
importancia porquanto os banhos repetidos
(douches) constituem a principal base da
hygiene em climas como o c^e Manaos.
E' a cidade illuminada toda a luz electrica,
com excepo de pequenos bairros excntricos onde o kerozene, ou petroleo, ainda
empregado. Cerca de mil postes supportando
outros tantos arcos voltaicos, espalham luz
desde as 6 horas da tarde at s 5 da madrugada seguinte, com um consumo ajiproximado
de 1,000 vlas por perodo de n horas. A
maior parte das casas particulares e quasi
todos os estabelecimentos so egualmente illuminados pela electricidade.
Existem, para este effeito, duas fabricas,
uma que fornece commulativamente a illuminao publica e grande parte da particular; e
outra, de recente fundao, pois data de mezes,
e que, principalmente destinada a accionar
ventiladores, tambm fornece luz.
Os ventiladores electricos, pelas vantagens
de commodidade que offerecem, no s s

le Commercio do Amazonas, indpendant,

fond depuis trente-quatre ans; et le Globo,
indpendant, qui est en sa premire anne.
Le i er et le i5 de chaque mois, le Centro de
Propaganda Spirita publie un numrodeson
organe, O Mensageiro. II parait encore d'autres publications, sans dates fixes et d'existence presque toujours phmre.
Le service de distribution d'eau pour la
capitale est assur d'unefaontrsabondante;
il dispose d'environ ioo litres par jour et par
liabitant, ce qui est d'importance primordiale,
car les bains frquents (douches), sont la base
principale de 1'hygine pour un climat tel que
celui de Manaos.
La ville est entiremcnt claire la
lumire lectrique, 1'exception de quelques
petites rues excentriques, ou l'on emploie
encore 1'clairage au ptrole. Environ mille
mats, qui supportent autant de lampes voltaiques, distribuent la lumire depuis 6 heures
du soir jusqu' 5 heures du matin; leur consommation est d'environ mille bougies pour
onze heures. La plupart des maisons particulires et presque tous les tablissements sont
galement clairs Fleotricite.
II existe cet effet deux usines; l'une fournit la fois l'clairage public et une grande
partie de l'clairage particulier; 1'autre, de
fondation rcente, existe peine depuis quelques mois; elle a pour objetinincipald^ctionner les ventilateurs, mais produit aussi de la
lumire.
Les ventilateurs lectriques, quoique d'in-

ded 34 years ago; blic, and the Globo, now

in its first year, also an independent newspaper.
On the ist and i5th of every month the
Centro de Propaganda Spirita publishes a
fresh number of its organ O Mensageiro.
Other publications appear from time to time,
without any fixed date, and generally of a
very ephemeral existence.
The water supply in the town is very abundant; the water-works distribute about
100 liters per inliabitant, per day, which is of
primordial importance, for frequent baths
(douches) are the principal basis of hygiene
in a climate such as Manaos.
The town is entirely lighted by electric
light, with the exception of a few small excentric streets, wThere petroleum isstill employed.
About a thousand masts supporting as many
are lamps, diffuse their light from 6 o'clock
in the evening, till 5 o'clock in the morning,
consuming at the rate of about 1,000 candles in 11 hours. Most of the private houses
and establishments are also lighted by electricity.
There are two electric-light-works, one of
which furnishes the electricity for the public,
and a large part the private lighting; the
other of more recent foundation, existing in
fact only a few months, is principally employed
in working the ventilators, but produces also
light.
The electric ventilators, although of recent
installation, may be counted among the number of improvements of the greatest advan -

famlias como a grande numero de estabelecimentos, taes como lioteis, restaurants,

cervejarias, barbearias,etc., comquanto delia
pouco installados, merecem desde j figurar
no rol dos melhoramentos materiaes a que
mais largo futuro estar, certamente, reservado.
O fornecimento de gelo feito directamente
aos domiclios, por carroas da respectiva
fabrica, que se aclia muito bem montada e apta
a fazer frente a mais do dobro do j enorme
consumo que, como facilmente se comprehende, tem este genero, seno de primeira, da
mais instante necessidade.
Extensa rede teleplionica pe o commercio
cm rapida e directa communicao, reparties publicas e muitas casas particulares,
estando taes servios ao cargo de uma companhia particular que d'elles se desempenha
a geral contento.
O servio telegraphico, dentro do Estado,
estende-se, por via terrestre, at Parintins,
limite do mesmo, conforme j ficou dito.
Falta que o visinho Estado do Par leve
tambm at esse ponto, como se acha convencionado, a sua linha para que as duas capitaes,
Manaos e Belem, se achem telegraphicamente
ligadas por terra, e ambas com as restantes
da Unio.
At l suppre as necessidades, ainda que
mal, o cabo sub-fluvial da The Amazon Telegraph Company, limited , sujeito, como se
acha, a constantes interrupes. Por elle se
faz todo o servio, no s com o resto do Brasil como com o extrangeiro.

stallation rcento, peuvent tre compts au

nombre des amliorations matrielles les plus
avantageuses pour Tavcnir. Ils sont, en effet,
trs commodes, non seulement pour les particuliers, mais pour de nombreux tablissements, tels que htels, restaurants,brasseries,
salons de coiffure, etc.
La glace est fournie directcment domicile
par les voitures de l'usine qui la fabrique.
Celle-ci est trs bien monte, et conditionne
de faon pouvoir, le cas chant, faire face
au double du dbit actuei,dj norme,comme
on doit le comprendre; cet article est, en effet,
sinon le plus essentiel, celui dont 1'usage est
de tous les instants.
Un rseau tlphonique tendu sert aux
rapports commerciaux et met en communication directeetrapideles administrations publiques et nombre de maisons particulires. Ce
service est assur par une socit prive, qui
s'en acquitte la satisfaction gnrale.
Le service tlgraphique intrieur de 1'Etat
est prolong par voie terrestre jusqu' Parintins, point de limite extreme, comme nous
l'avons dj dit. Si, comme cela est convenu,
1'Etat limitrophe du Para pousse son tour
sa ligne jusqu' ce point, les deux capitales
Manaos et Belem seront en communication,
et par le fait, en rapport avec toutes les autres
villes de l'Union.
Tant que cela ne sera pas fait, il faudra,
comme cela se fait maintenant, se servir du
cble sous-fluvial de la Amazon Telegraph
Company, limited , insuffisant cause des
interruptions continuelles. C'est elle qui, en

tages in the future. The are indeed very convenient both for private houses, as well as for
large establishments such as, hotis, restaurants, hair-cutting saloons, etc.
Ice is supplied direct to the consumer by
carts belonging to the company who make it.
The ice company's works are wonderfully
well constructed and arranged in such a way,
that they could, if necessary, make double the
quantity which may be easily understood, is
already very large.
This article, if not the most essentiel, is one,
the necessity of which causes a continuai
demand.
A widely spread telephone service affords
rapid and direct communication between
merchants, public administrations, and many
private houses. This service is managed by a
private company, and gives universal satisfaction.
The State telegraph service, is extended
over-headas far as Parintins, point terminal,
as we have already said. If, as is agreed, the
neighbouring State of Para in its turn will
continue its line as far as this point, the two
capitais, Manaos and Belem, will be in communication, and thus put in connection ali the
other towns of the Union.
Till this is effected, we must, as at present,
continue to make use of the river cable, of
the Amazon Telegragh Company limited,
insufficient because of constant interruptions.
It is through this company that ali telegraphic
communication is made, not only in Brazil,
but in ali countries abroad.

O policiamento das ruas e, em geral, a segurana publica, acliam-sc organisados porfrma

a merecerem os melhores cncomios. E no s
na capital com em todo o Estado.
A'mais recta imparcialidade na applicao da lei, por parto dos juizes e de seus
subordinados, corresponde com exacta observanCia da mesma o Regimento Militar,
moralisado em seu conjuncto, e, individualmente, morigerado e ordeiro. E' o servio feito
em toda a cidade por praas isoladas e no
em patrulhas, e so aquellas ainda vigiadas
a curtos espaos por officiaes de ronda,
durante toda a noite. Para este servio muito
bem determinado, e executado sob uma disciplina de ferro, so diariamente destacados dos
dois batalhes que constituem, com um piquete
de cavallaria, as foras estaduaes, os precisos
soldados e officiaes.
Alm do policiamento da capital, cabe ao
Regimento Militar fornecer varias guardas
e ordenanas, prover os destacamentos para
o interior, etc., realisando, duas e trez vezes
por semana, exerccios de tactica em que, ora
um batalho, ora outro, recebem util ensinamento e, ao mesmo tempo, pois que so esses
exerccios realisados nas praas publicas, concorrem pra levantar o nvel do eiitliusiasmo
popular pelas coisas militares.
O Regimento acha-se bem armado e equipado, manobrando como um verdadeiro corpo
de exercito, e submttido, ao cominando e
instruco teehnica de officiaes do exercito
brasileiro, licenciados pelo governo da Unio

cc moment assure tout le service, tant pour

le Brsil que pour 1'tranger.
La police des rues et la siret publique en
general sont organises d'une faon parfaite,
non seulement dans la capitale, mais dans
tout 1'Etat.
La plus complte impartialit inspire les
juges et leurs subordonns dans l'application
de la loi; celle-ci est observe avec non moins
de fidlit par le Rgiment militaire, dont l'esprit est excellent et dont la conduite et la
discipline ne laissent rien dsirer. Le service est fait dans toute la ville, non par des
patrouilles, mais par dessoldais isols; ceux-ci
sont surveills assidument, pendant toute la
nuit, par des officiers de ronde. Pour que le
service soit bien assur et que la discipline
soit rigoureusement observe, on dtaclie tous
les jours le nombre d soldats et d'officiers
ncessaires des deux bataillons et du piquet
de cavalerie, qui constituent Tensemble des
forces militaires de 1'Etat.
Outre le service de police de la capitale, le
Rgiment militaire doitfournir diver ses gardes
et ordonnances, pourvoir aux dtachements
de 1'intrieur, etc. Deux ou trois fois par
semaine, il excute des manoeuvres de tactique, qui sont pour lui un enseignement trs
utile, et qui, tant donn qu'elles ont lieu sur
des places publiques, servent en mme temps
dvelopper 1'enthousiasme du peuple pour
les choses militaires.
Le rgiment est bien arm et quip, ses
manoeuvres sont celles d'un corps d'arme
sriusement constitu. Les officiers qui le

The police regulations for the streets, as

well as the public safety in general, are organizedin a way worthyof the highest praise,
not only in the capital itself, but throughout
the State.
The most complete impartiality is exercisde
by the judges and their subrdinates in the
application of the lw; and with no less fidelity by the military commanders. The regi"
ment enjoys an excellent reputation for good
conduct, and the discipline of the officers
leaves nothing to be desired.
The service is made in ali parts of the town,
not by patrols, but by detached soldiers, who
are, during the night, under the strict supervision of the officers on duty. In order to
assure the service being properly performed,
and the discipline being rigorously maintained, the necessary number of officers and
men are detached from the two battalions,
and the calvary piquet, which together constitute the military force of the State.
. Besides performing police service in the
town, the military regiment mustfurnish various guards and orderlies, provide detachments for the interior, etc. Twice or three
times a week it executes manoeuvres, tactics, etc , a very useful exercise for the men,
and as these drills take place in the public
squares, serve at the same time to develop the
enthusiasm of the people for military affairs.
The regiment is well armed and equiped, its
manoeuvres are those of a regular constituted
army, the officers which commnd it and give
technical instruction, are drawn from the Bra-

afira de prestarem os seus servios ao Estado,

acha-se habilitado, a offerecer o mais profcuo
auxilio Patria, desde que esta d'elle haja
mister, em emergencia felizmente pouco dc
prevr.
Ha, ainda, um corpo de bombeiros voluntrios,com exceli ente material tambm e constitudo, na sua quasi totalidade, por artfices
de naturalidade portugueza; e uma companhia
de seguros contra fogos Companhia de Manaos , alm de varias agencias de outras,
nacionaes e extrangeiras.
Com sde na capital, existe, mais, uma
companhia de seguros de vida, a Amazonense.
Finalmente, o governo da Unio sustenta
em Manaos uma pequena fora federal e, no
porto, resumida esquadrilha, subordinadas,
aquella e esta, a officiaes do exercito e da
marinha nacionaes.
Alm de varias companhias, brasileiras e de
outras nacionalidades, e casas commerciacs
dispondo de navios a vapor que realisam carreiras, regulares, ou no, para os diversos
portos do interior do Estado, e do Estado limitroplie do Par, at Belem, e ainda para os das
republicas visinhas teem agencia na capital
as empresas de navegao para a Europa:
Bootli Line (ingleza), Ligure Brasiliana (italiana) e Hamburg' America Linie e Hamburg

Sud Amerikanische (allems); e as companhias nacionaes de transportes para os portos

do sul da Republica : Lloyd Brasileiro,
Companhia Maranhense e Companhia Paraense de Navegao a Vapor.

commandent et lui fournissont 1'instruction

technique, sont dtaclis dc 1'armc brsilienne
et envoys par le Gouvernement de l'Union
pour prter leurs services 1'Etat.II est donc
mme de rendre de prcieux services la
patrie, si les circonstances Texigeaient, ce qui,
heureusement, n'est pas p^rvoir.
II existe aussi un corps de pompiers volontaires, pourvu d'un excellent matriel et compos, presque excusivement d'ouvriers portugais; la Companhia de Manaos , ainsi
que diverses agences de socits nationalcs et
trangres, s'occupent des assurances contre
l'incendie.
Une compagnie d'assurances sur la vie,
1' Amazonense , a son sigo Manaos.
Enfin, le Gouvernement de rUnion entrctient dans la capitale une petite force fdrale, et dans le port une minuscule escadre;
l'une et l'autre sont sous les ordres d'officiers
de 1'arme et de la marine nationales.
Outre diverses compagnies brsiliennes et
de nationalits trangres, et des maisons de
commerce possdant des btiments vapeur,
qui organisent des voyages rguliers ou non,
vers les divers ports de 1'intrieur de 1'Etat
et de 1'Etat voisin du Para, jusqu' Belem et
mme jusque dans les rpubliques limitrophes, il y a encore, dans la capitale, des
agences de plusieurs Compagnies maritimes
en relation avec l'Europe, savoir : la Booth

zilian army, and sent by the Government of

the Union, to lend their services to the State,
it would tlius be able to do valuablo service to
the country, if circumstances should arise to
render it necessary, which happily is not the
case at present.
There is a volunteer fire-brigade, almost
exclusively composed of Portuguese workmen, furnished with tlie plant necessary, and
fully equiped,in case of fire. Tho% Companhia
de Manaos " and several other firo insurance
companies, both national and foreign, have
agencies in the town.
A life insurance company the " Amazonense" has its offices in the town.
The Government of the Union maintains a
small federal force in the capital, also a small
fleet in the port, both of which are under the
command of officers of the national army and
navy.
Besides various Brazilian and foreign companies, and commercial houses owning steamers, which organize regularly or otlierwise,
voyages to the different ports of the interior of
the State, also the neighbouring States of
Para, as far a Belem, and even to the borders
of the neighbouring Republics, there are in
the capital many agencies of Maritime Companies in connection with Europe, viz : The
Booth Line (English), Ligure Brasiliana (Italian), Hamburg America Line and Hamburg

Line (anglaise), Ligure Brasiliana (italienne),

Hamburg America Linie et Hamburg Sud

Sud Amerikanische (German); The national

transport companies for the south ports of

Amerikanische (allemandes); des Compagnies nationales de transport pour les ports

the Republic : Lloyd Brazileiro and the Companhia Paraense de Navegazao a Vapor.

69

Transferencias de fundos e outras operaoes

bancarias, cambiaes, etc., so realisadas, no
s por intermedio da agencia do London
and Brasilian Bank, ultimamente inaugurada, como do Banco do Amazonas e de
algumas das principaes casas de commercio
de exportao inglezas, norte americanas, allems, portuguezas, etc.
Emfim, teem representao consular em
Manaus os seguintes paizes europeus : Inglaterra, Portugal, Frana, Allemanha e Italia;
e as Republicas americanas dos Estados Unidos do Norte, de Venezuela e do Uruguay.
E, ultimado que vae o capitulo, no ser
comtudo encerrado sem algumas linhas mais,
dedicadas a um dos traos typicos da vida
manauense.
Liga-se elle com os bonds electricos da
companhia Manaos Railway que, funccionando ininterruptamente das 5 1/2 horas
da manh at s 12 da noite, se, no decorrer
do dia, so utilisados por necessidade, de
manh muito cedo e sobretudo depois de
escurecer, o so muito mais como recreio ou
passatempo por assim dizer obrigado.
Os do ponto terminal de Flores, o mais
distante da cidade, esto no primeiro d'estes
casos. E' Flores um local pittoresco onde ha
magnifico banho de igarap e restaurants ,
fructos da regio venda, em abundancia,
caa morta, etc. Frequentadissimo, principalmente aos domingos, -o, em geral, todas as
manhs, pois muita gente l vae tomar banho
e almoar..

du Sud de la Rpublique : Lloyd Brazileiro,

Companhia Maranhense et Companhia Paraense de Navegazao a Vapor.

Les transferis de fonds et autres oprations

de banque, de change, etc., sont effectus par
la succursale de la London and Brasilian
Bank , par la Banco Amazonas , rcemment inaugure, ainsi que par les soins de
quelques fortes maisons anglaises, nord-amricaines et portugaises.
Divers pays europens ont tabli des consulats Manaos; ce sont 1'Angleterre, le Portugal, la France, 1'Aliemagne et 1'Italie. Les
Etats-Unis de 1'Amrique du Nord et les
rpubliques du Vnzuela et de 1'Uruguay y
ont galement des reprsentants attitrs.
Nous ne voulons pas terminer ce chapitre,
sans y ajouter quelques lignes touchant un
des traits caractristiques de la vie manaosienne.il s'agit des bonds lectriques de la
Socit du Manaos Railway , qui fonctionnent d'une manire ininterrompue, depuis
5h. 1/2 du matin jusqu' minuit. On les utilis, non seulement pendant la journe et surtout vers la tombe de la nuit, pour se faire
transporter rapidement d'un point vers un
autre, mais ils sont, plus souvent encore,
un objet de distraction et de divertissement.
Ceux qui se dirigent vers le point terminus
de Flores , le plus loign de la ville, sont
surtout utiliss dans ce but. Flores est un
lieu pittoresque, qui possde un magnifique
bain Igarap , et des restaurants. On y
vend, en grande abondance, des fruits de l
rgion, du gibier, etc. Trs frquent, surtout

The transfer of funds, stocks and other

banking oprations, exchange business, etc.,
are effectuated through the agency of the
" London and Brazilian Bank ", the " Banco
Amazonas ", recently inaugurated, also
through some of the more important English,
North-American, and Portuguese houses.
Many-European countries have established
consulates at Manaos, to with : England,
France, Portugal, Germany and Italy. The
United States of America, and the Venezuela and Ururguay Republics have also their
appointed representants in the capital.
We are unwilling to close this cliapter
without adding a few words concerning one of
the traits, characteristic of Manaosian life.
We refer to the electric " bonds " of the
" Manaos Railway Company " which run
without interruption from 5.3o a. m. till midnight. They are utilized not only during the
day, and especially towards evening, for being
conveyed rapidly from one point to another,
but more often still as a diversion and amusement.
Those which are running to Flores the
point terminal, the fartherest from the town,
are without doubt, utilized for this purpose.
Flores is a picturesque spot, where
there is a magnificent bath Igarap and
restaurants. Ali the different fruit of the
country is sold there in great abundance, as
well as game, etc. It is much frequented,
especially on Sundays ; it is a rendez-vous for
a large number of people who go there to
bathe and breakfast.

Desce a noite e raro o carro que passa

vasio, leve o destino que levar, pois que em
passeio apenas os tomam a maior parte das
pessoas, e a fim de respirarem a plenos pulmes o ar oxygenado dos campos e da floresta
que elles atravessam n'uma velocidade por
vezes estonteadora.
Quando faz luar ento o passeio delicioso
quer se tome o destino de Flores, o da Avenida Circular, o da Cachoeirinha, no importa
qual. Aberta a estrada, sobre que elles a bem
dizer deslizam, atravez do matto e superando
as differenas de nivel, aqui uma bella
ponte toda de ferro e de grande lano que
atravessam; alli enveredam por uma especie de picada, com o tejadilho a roar pela
coma do arvoredo denso; logo dos dois lados
se llie erguem trincheiras a pique, formando
um quasi tnel ao cabo do qual o horisonte
se desdobra, repentinamente, em todos os
sentidos, offerecendo uma perspectiva enorme
de floresta, de campos cortados pelas fitas
dos igaraps, os quaes o reflexo da lua prateia
e l longe se espraiam em immovel lenol
d'agua, para tornarem, mais distante ainda,
a embrenhar-se pelo matto a perder de
vista...
Do alto das pontes, algumas monumentaes,
que transpem os igaraps, o secenario
especialmente bello! A orographia mais pronunciada das encostas pe a descoberto sue"
cessivos planos, e pequenos chalets , barracas toscas, simples telheiros se avistam ao

le dimanche, c'est tous les matins le rendezvous d'un grand nombre de personnes, qui
vont s'y baigner et y djeuner.
Vers le soir, il est difficile de trouver une
place libre dans un bond , quelle que soit
sa destination; elles sont prises d'assaut par
les promeneurs, qui vont respirer l'air pur et
oxygn des champs et de la fort, qu'ils traverseront bientt, sous la ple lumire de la
lune, avec une vlocit tourdissante. La promenade est alors dlicieuse dans toutes les
directions, que ce soit vers Flores , vers
1' Avenida Circular ou celle de Coclioeirinha . La voie, sur laquelle les voitures semblent glisser, serpente travers bois, rampe
parmi les irrgularits du terrain. Ici, elle
traverse un beau pont, tout construit en fer;
l, un sentier touffu, dont le feuillage bas
rase le toit des voitures. Plus loin, la route
est rtrcie par des tranches pie formant
presque un tunnel, puis au bout, Thorizon se
dploie soudainement dans toutes les directions et prsente une norme perspective de
forts et de champs, que sillonnent comme des
rubans d'argent, l'eau des igaraps , qui se
rpandent au loin en nappes liquides et immobiles, puis, plus loin encore, vont s'enfoncer
dans les buissons, perte de vue...
Du haut des ponts, parfois monumentaux,
qui traversent les igaraps , lo panorama
qui se drule est particulirement beau!
L'orographie des coteaux est plus saillante,
elle dtaille nettement les plans successifs et
permet d'apercevoir dans le lointain de petits
chalets, de grossires cabanes et jusqu'aux

Towards evening it is difficult to find a

place free in a bond , no matter in wliat
direction it is going; places are taken by
storm by people going into the country to
breatli the fresh air, and fill their lungs with
the pure xygen of the fields and forests,
which these bonds cross under the pale
light of the moon with a velocity astounding.
The drives in ali directions are at such times
delightful, be it towards Flores , or Avenida Circular, cr in the direction of Cochoeirinha . The route over which the
carriages seem to glide, winding througli the
woods, mounting over the irregularities of
the ground, now crossing over a fine iron
bridge, then passing along a thickly wooded
path, the low branches of the trees brushing
the roofs of the carriages. Farther on passing
through a thicket, the tall trees on either side
forming as it were a tunnel, with a glimpse
of the horizon at the end, then suddenly emergiu g, a lovely perspective of fields ar d plains
is disclosed to view, appearing in the full glorious moonlight, as if ploughed in ali directions with bands of silver, but which on
approaching nearer proves to be the limpid
and immobile water of the igarap an hicli
stretches as far as the eye can see, until it
Ilides itself in the woods and is lost to view.
From the bridges which cross the Igaraps (some of which are monumental) the
panorama which unfolds itself to the eye, is
particulary fine; the orography of the hills is
most striking, and the successive planes are
distinctly visible; in the distance may be

onge, de relance, meio occultos nos massios

de bananeiras e de outras arvores fructiferas,
at aos confins do horisonte que a limpidez
do luar faz nao ter limites esse luar amazonico de uma intensidade de luz tal que as prprias aves cliegam a confundil-o com o
despontar do dia!

simples auvents, demi cachs dans les

massifs de bananiers ou autres arbrcs
fruitiers: tout se dtaille jusqu'aux confins de
1'liorizon, qui, sous la limpide clart de la lune,
semble tre illimit. La lumire de la lune
est si intense dans l'Amazonos, que les oiseaux
mmes la confondent parfois avec celle de
l'aube!

seen little clialets; larger huts, and even

simple slieds, half liidden among clumps of
banana or other fruit-trees, ali clearly visible
just to the confines of the liorizon, which
under the limpid liglit of the moon seems
illimitable. The moonliglit is so intense in
the Amazon States, tliat even the birds tliemselves sometimes mistake it for the dawn.

Terminando, com a mesma conciso que se

procurou imprimir a estas curtas paginas
sobre o to grande Amazonas, e pois que to
cingido se andou no commettimento de escrevel-as ao trabalho do Baro de Sant'Anna
Nery, ainda uma transcripo do Pays des
Amazones encerrar o texto deste lbum,
traduzindo, ao mesmo tempo, a inteno que
raso de ser d'elle :
Podem os extrangeiros que trabalham
vir para o Estado do Amazonas, pois, desde
1884, no ha aqui um nico escravo. No
encontraro homens cujo corpo seja objecto
de venda, mas trabalhadores como elles, a
quem se retribue os servios.
. Que venham, pois, em massa, conquista
da independencia e da fortuna por meio do
trabalho honrado. Quo se associem, moire jem isolados, ou se agrupem em redor de
qualquer colono rico pouco importa; podem
estar seguros de que encontraro em ns, ci dados livres, amigos, irmos.

Pour finir notre tclie avec la mme concision qui nous a guids au cours de ces courtes
pages sur le grand pays de 1'Amazones;
puisque, d'autre part, nous nous sommes tant
inspirs pour les crire, de 1'ceuvre du baron
de Sant'Anna Nery, terminons le texto de cet
lbum par une dernire citation du Pays des
Amazones , qui traduise en mme temps
l'intention qui est sa vraie raison d'tre.
Les travailleurs trangers peuvent venir
dans 1'Etat de 1'Amazones, car, depuis 1884,
on n'y rencontre plus un seul esclave. Us n'y
trouveront plus des lioinmes dont le corps
est un objet de commerce, mais des travailleurs comme eux, dont on rtribue les serI vices.
Qu'ils viennent donc, en masse, la
conqute de l'indpendance et de la fortune,
au moyen du travail lionnte.
Qu'ils s'associent, qu'ils restent isols, ou
qu'ils se groupent autour de quelque riclie
colon, peu importe; ils peuvent tre surs de
rencontrer en nous des citoyens libres, des
amis, des frrcs.

To finish our task with the same conciseness which has guided our course through
these short pages, on the grand country of
the Amazons, and since we have been so
much inspired in the writing of tliem, by the
work of Baron de Sant' Anna Nerry, let us
terminate the text of this lbum, by a final quotation from the Paj^s des Amazones which
interprets at the same time its real motive :
Foreign workmen, may come to the Ama zon States, for since 1884, not a single
slave is to be met with. They will no longer
a find men there, whose bodies are an article
of commerce, but workmen such as tliem selves, whose services are retributed.
Let tliem come tlien in a body, to the
conquest of independence and fortune, to
be acquired by means of honest labour.
Whether they club togetlier, whether they
reniain apart, or whether they group them selves around some rich colon, matters
little, tliey will be sure to meet with a warm
welcome, and find in us free citizens,
friends, brothers.

Novembro 1901.

Novembre 1901.

November 1901.

ERRATA

i re planelie des gravures. Retratos dos Governadores constituciones do Amazonas.

Pag. 5i & 81 des gravures. Em logar de Itaquatira ler Itacoatiara.
Pag. 108 des gravures. Em logar de Pariutinis ler Parintins.