Aula 05 - Ita 2024

ITA
2024
AULA 05
Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech
Prof. Leonardo Pontes
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech
Sumário
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3
2. CONJUNCTIONS 4
Tipos de conjunções 4
3. COMPOUND SENTENCES 11
4. CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS 13
Exemplificação 14
Contraste 17
Resumo 19
Adição 19
Sequência 22
5. DIRECT SPEECH 25
6. INDIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED SPEECH 26
Verb changes 28
Time expression changes 29
Modal verbs changes 30
7.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 33
7.1 GABARITO 79
8. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 81
9.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 147
10.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 147
11.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 148
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1. Introdução
Vamos, então, à nossa aula sobre alguns tópicos considerados complexos e estão sempre
presentes nas provas: conjunctions, connectors and clauses, direct/indirect ou reported speech
(discursos direto e indireto).
As Conjunctions – conjunções – são palavras que ligam dois diferentes períodos dentro de
uma mesma sentença. Estudaremos, então, as conjunções e suas famosas orações coordenadas
e subordinadas.
Connectors – conectivos – são palavras que são usadas para conectar dois períodos, mas
em sentenças diferentes. Eles possuem a mesma função das conjunções, mas são usados em
situações diferentes.
Os discursos direto e indireto são usados quando queremos expressar as informações que
alguém nos relatou, nos contou. O discurso direto (direct speech) – ao relatar o que alguém disse,
usando as mesmas palavras que a pessoa utilizou, como mostrarei a você na teoria dessa aula. E,
por sua vez, o discurso indireto (indirect speech ou reported speech) – ao relatar o que foi dito,
porém, usando as nossas próprias palavras.
Esses itens que estudaremos agora são de extrema importância para solucionar questões
em que há mais de um tempo verbal na mesma frase e, assim, tenta confundir você ou apenas
descobrir se você aprendeu bem os tempos verbais.
É claro que seu objetivo é ser aprovado. E, alcançar a aprovação depende de alguns passos,
tais como adotar uma postura positiva, estudar muito e dar o seu melhor. No caminho até a
aprovação, você vai resolver exercícios de provas anteriores bem como exercícios inéditos e, essas
questões irão ajudar você a colocar em prática o que aprende a cada dia.
Além disso, você estará avaliando seu conhecimento.
Vamos lá! Você consegue e estamos juntos!
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2. Conjunctions
As conjunções, chamadas também de linking words, connectors ou conectivos são palavras que
ligam duas partes de uma oração, para que a sentença possa fazer sentido. Observe um
exemplo, através dessas duas orações:
ü I wanted to text you. (Eu queria te mandar uma mensagem.) / I don’t have your number. (Eu
não tenho o seu número.)
Elas têm uma relação mas falta algo para unir essas frases e fazê-las ter um sentido
maior:
I wanted to text you, but I don’t have your number. (Eu queria te mandar uma
mensagem, mas eu não tenho o seu número.)
Essa palavra but exerceu o papel que precisávamos: uniu as duas sentenças e
estabeleceu uma lógica entre elas. Portanto, o but é uma conjunção.
Tipos de conjunções
Há três tipos de conjunções em inglês:
ü Conjunções Coordenadas (Coordinating Conjunctions)
ü Conjunções Subordinadas (Subordinating Conjunctions)
ü Conjunções Correlativas (Correlative Conjunctions)
Conjunções Coordenadas
As conjunções coordenadas são as mais comuns e as que geralmente usamos ou
identificamos quando pensamos em linking words. Elas têm o papel de juntar orações. Elas
podem juntar orações independentes (ou seja, orações que possuem sentido completo por si
próprias, sem precisar de outra oração para fazer sentido), frases ou apenas palavras.
Na língua inglesa há sete conjunções coordenadas importantes:
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
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For [por]– Explica o motivo ou a proposta de algo (equivalente ao porquê).
I go to the park every week, for I love running.

[Eu vou ao parque toda semana, por amar correr.]
Peter though he had a great chance to be accepted at Oxford, for his
grandfather was the Dean of that university.
[Paul achava que tinha uma grande chance de ser aceito em Oxford, por seu avô
ser o reitor daquela Universidade.]
And [e] – Adiciona uma coisa à outra.
Daniel goes to the beach to surf and relax. [O Daniel vai à praia para surfar e relaxar.]
I love red and white wine. [Eu gosto de vinho branco e tinto.]
Nor [nem] – Utilizado para apresentar uma alternativa com ideia negativa à uma outra
ideia também negativa que já foi afirmada anteriormente.
The virus cannot live in immunized individuals, nor in the air.

[O vírus não pode viver em indivíduos imunizados, nem no ar.]
The guy didn’t have the chest of a body builder, nor did he have the six-pack abs.
[O cara não tinha o peitoral de um fisioculturista, nem tinha o abdômem tanquinho.]
But [mas] – Mostra contraste.

The game in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of
summer.
[O jogo no parque é divertido no inverno, mas é melhor no calor do verão.]
She is very old but still sensual. [Ela é muito velha, mas ainda é sensual.]
Or [ou] – Apresenta uma alternativa ou uma escolha.
Those men play on teams: shirts or skins.

[Aqueles homens jogam em times: com camiseta ou sem camiseta.]
Do you want a boy or a girl, Mom? [Você quer um menino ou uma menina, mamãe?]
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Yet – Introduz uma ideia constratante que segue logicamente a ideia precedente, similar
ao “mas”.
I often take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.
[Eu frequentemente levo um livro para ler, mas parece que nunca viro uma só página.]
Dorian was the oldest of the girls, yet her accent was the most prominent.
[A Doriana era a mais velha das irmãs, mas seu sotaque era o mais proeminente.]
So [então, logo] – Indica efeito, resultado ou consequência.
I’ve started dating one of the soccer players, so now I have an excuse to often watch
the game.
[Eu comecei a namorar um dos jogadores de futebol, então agora eu tenho uma
desculpa para assistir aos jogos frequentemente.]
This is the easiest way to get there, so don’t say anything.
[Este é o caminho mais fácil para chegar lá, então não diga nada.]
Observe que as conjunções coordenadas geralmente ficam no meio de uma sentença e

uma vírgula é utilizada antes do linking word. Quando uma conjunção coordenada conecta duas
orações independentes (ou seja, que cada uma possui sentido sozinha, sem precisar da outra
oração para fazer sentido), ela é acompanhada da vírgula. A vírgula será utilizada
quando but expressar contraste.
Conjunções Subordinadas
Dos três tipos que há de conjunções, as subordinadas são as mais complexas de se
reconhecer, mas intuitivas de dominar. As conjunções subordinadas introduzem as orações
dependentes (ou seja, orações que não possuem sentido completo por si próprias, elas
precisam de outra oração para fazer sentido) prendendo-as a uma oração independente (a que
possui sentido completo por si só). As conjunções subordinadas estabelecem uma relação de
sentido entre a oração dependente com o resto da frase. Há inúmeras conjunções subordinadas
em inglês, as mais comuns são:
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Exemplos:
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Although I’ve been here before, he’s just too hard to forget.
Embora eu já tenha vindo aqui antes, ele é muito difícil de esquecer.
I guess I’ll never be the same since I won this medal.

Eu acho que eu nunca mais serei o mesmo desde que eu ganhei essa
medalha.
They are watching TV while my mom is making dinner.

Eles estão assistindo TV enquanto a minha mãe está fazendo o jantar.
If you leave her, she will die.

Se você deixá-la, ela morrerá.
I’m proud of you because you passed the exam.

Eu estou orgulhoso de você porque você passou no exame.
Talk to me before you leave.

Fale comigo antes de partir.
Once you go there, you never forget it.

Uma vez que você vai lá, você nunca esquece.
When I see you smile, I can do anything.

Quando eu vejo você sorrindo, eu consigo fazer qualquer coisa.
As orações podem ir em qualquer ordem, ou seja, tanto uma oração dependente

como uma independente pode começar a frase, mas o que nunca muda é que a
conjunção subordinada é a primeira palavra da oração dependente.
Conjunções Correlativas
As conjunções correlativas estão sempre em grupo. Elas vêm em pares e você precisa
utilizar ambas em lugares diferentes em uma oração para fazer sentido. Por esse motivo, elas
têm esse nome justamente pelo fato delas trabalharem juntas (co-) e por relacionar um
elemento de uma sentença com outro (relação). Sua correlação sempre denota igualdade, e
mostra a relação entre as ideias expressas em diferentes partes da sentença:
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as . . . as [como . . . como]
both . . . and [ambos . . . e]
either . . . or [ou . . . ou]
hardly . . . when [dificilmente. . . quando]
if . . . then [se . . . então]
just as . . . so [assim como . . . assim]
neither . . . nor [nem . . . nem]
no sooner . . . than [não antes . . . do que]
not . . . but [não . . . mas]
not only . . . but also [não somente . . . mas também]
rather . . . than [em vez . . . do que]
scarcely . . . when [mal. . . quando]
what with . . . and [o que com. . . e]
whether . . . or [se. . . ou]
Vejamos alguns exemplos:
I didn’t know whether you’d want the pizza or hamburger, so I got you both.
Eu não sabia se você iria querer pizza ou hamburger, então eu peguei os dois para você.
I want either the pizza or the hamburger.

Eu quero ou a pizza ou o hamburger.
I’ll eat them both – not only the pizza but also the hamburger.
Eu comerei os dois – não só o pizza mas também o hamburger.
I’ll have both the pizza and the hamburger.

Eu vou querer ambos a pizza e o hamburger.
Há ainda uma outra conjunção, chamada de conjunção adverbial. Ela estabelece uma
ideia de conjunção que une duas orações, entretanto, por ter valor de advérbio, não é comum
que ela apareça junto às demais conjunções.
As conjunções adverbiais mais comuns (apesar de pouco usadas) e que podem aparecer
em alguma prova de vestibular são:
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3. Compound Sentences
Para entender o que são e porque existem as compound sentences – orações coordenadas
e subordinadas – vou explicar, antes, um detalhe da gramática para você. Uma sentença simples
(simple sentence), consiste em apenas uma estrutura, geralmente um só verbo, explorando uma
só ideia: I like salad (Eu gosto de salada), I am happy. (Eu estou feliz), entre outras.
Uma compound sentence consiste em duas ou mais estruturas frasais independentes,
assim sendo, demonstra mais ideias, unidas por alguma conjunção, que muitas gramáticas
chamam de palavras de ligação, já que é o papel que elas exercem, veja exemplos:
Sentença 1: I like salad. (Eu gosto de salada).

Sentença 2: I like pasta. (Eu gosto de massas).
Compound sentence: I like salad and pasta. (Eu gosto de salada e de massas)
Sentença 1: She went to the mall yesterday. (Ela foi ao shopping ontem).
Sentença 2: She bought nothing at the mall. (Ela não comprou nada no shopping).
Compound sentence: She went to the mall yesterday, but she bought nothing.
(Ela foi ao shopping ontem mas ela não comprou nada).
Nota-se que as primeiras frases foram unidas pela conjunção and e a segunda frase, pela
conjunção but, além de outras, que já estudamos anteriormente e que são responsáveis por
formar as compound sentences. Vamos recordá-las – as mais comuns são: FOR, AND, NOR, BUT,
OR, YET, SO. Algumas gramáticas dizem que há um esquema para se lembrar delas: Pensar na
palavra FANBOYS, iniciais de cada conjunção que se usa para elaborar compound sentences. Veja
algumas:
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He did not cheat on the game, for it was the wrong thing to do.
(Ele não trapaceou no jogo pois era a coisa errada de se fazer).
They got there early, and they got good seats.
(Eles chegaram lá cedo e conseguiram bons assentos).
They had no food at home, nor did they have money to go to the store.
(Eles não tinham comida em casa nem dinheiro para ir à loja).
I really need to go to there, but I am too tired to drive.
(Eu realmente preciso ir lá mas estou muito cansado para dirigir).
Should we start class now, or wait for the others to get here?
(Devemos começar a aula agora ou esperar pelos outros chegarem aqui?)
I am on a diet, yet I really want dessert.
(Eu estou de dieta, ainda que eu queira sobremesa).
Everyone was busy, so I went to the theater alone.
(Todos estão ocupados então eu fui ao teatro sozinho).
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4. Connectors / Linking Words
Os conectivos – linking words – são aquelas palavras ou expressões que servem para
estabelecer uma conexão lógica entre frases e elementos de um texto. Muitas delas são
conjunções ou locuções conjuntivas, mas há também muitos advérbios, preposições, entre
outros, que estão presentes nos textos. Veja um exemplo com “according to”:
“I am not sure but, according to Peter, everybody is going to the party”.

“Não tenho certeza mas, de acordo com Peter, todos vão para a festa”
Esses termos podem ser identificados por diversos nomes: linking words, words of
transition, connectives, words of connection, logical connectors, transition devices, cohesive
devices, discourse markers ou até connective adjuncts.
O papel dos famosos linking words é estabelecer relações entre contextos – uma ideia
anterior e uma ideia posterior. Essas relações podem ser de muitos tipos, tais como exclusão,
concessão, adição, condição etc. O uso delas confere ao texto coerência e coesão.
É um assunto muito importante pois, uma vez que linking words são fundamentais para a
construção de sentenças, é, consequentemente, essencial na produção dos textos de jornais e
revistas que são usados nas provas, já que são termos que colaboram diretamente com uma boa
comunicação. Lembrando que as linking words não sofre flexão de grau (aumentativo ou
diminutivo), número (singular ou plural) ou gênero (feminino ou masculino). Ou seja, são palavras
invariáveis.
Para identificar os linking words nos texto que você vai ler, você precisa identificar qual
ideia o narrador quer expressar. Contudo, é preciso entender que a lista de linking words é
extensa e você deve, aula após aula, adicionar as que aparecerem em uma lista de estudos e
assim, aprender cada dia mais.
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Exemplificação
Para exemplificar, uma expressão muito comum é o tão usado “for example” (por
exemplo), que também pode ser substituído por “for instance” e aparece em muitos textos.
There are many topics to study, for example, countable and uncountable nouns.
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis.
Ou então, poderíamos dizer:
There are many topics to study, for instance, countable and uncountable nouns.
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis.
Para exemplificar e dar ênfase em palavras, em ideias, também são usados outros linking
words, vistos no quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor em um contexto
de prova:
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Para ilustrar os linking words de exemplificação, vejamos um texto retirado da prova do
IME/2015, em que aparece “for instance”.
Se a questão abordasse os exemplos decorrentes do parágrafo em que a expressão em questão
aparece, poderia ser assim:
Questão IME/2015 – According to the sentence “... funds in different ways, for instance through
capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc”, the underlined term refers to
A) Funds in different ways and capital markets
B) Funds in general
C) Financial needs and public expenditures
D) Financial needs and funds
E) Capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures
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A resposta seria a letra E porque é a única que demonstra os exemplos exatos do que se
trata a referência de “for instance” (por exemplo), logo após falar das diferentes formas (different
ways).
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Contraste
Para contrastar, o linking word mais comum é o “but” (mas), que pode ser substituído por
“however” e aparece em muitos textos, inclusive, perguntando se pode haver a devida
substituição.
She loves going to the beach but never on Saturdays, it’s crowded.
Ela ama ir à praia mas nunca aos sábados, é muito cheio.
She loves going to the beach however she never goes on Saturdays, it’s crowded.
Ela ama ir à praia mas ela nunca vai aos sábados, é muito cheio.
Podemos usar, também para contrastar, “despite” e “in spite of”, que são seguidas por
substantivos ou gerúndios.
Despite losing the match, the players celebrated their efforts.

Apesar de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço.
In spite of the lost match, the players celebrated their efforts.

Apesar da perda do jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço.
Para exemplificar, desta vez com ideia de contraste, também muito usadas, vejamos o
quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor como nas provas do IME:
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Para construções seguidas por sujeito e um verbo, precisa-se adicionar “the fact that”:
Despite the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts.
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço.
In spite of the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts.
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço.
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Resumo
Para resumir, há linking words comuns, tais como é o “in conclusion, in summary” (em
síntese/ em conclusão a, em suma), que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das frases,
indicando que vamos resumir a ideia principal do que acabou de ser apresentado.
In conclusion, the meeting was very productive, and the ideas were well
presented.
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas.
In summary, the meeting was very productive and the ideas were well
presented.
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas.
Adição
Para adicionar, os linking words comuns são “and” e “also” e, outras expressões
geralmente usadas para adicionar ideias de maneira mais formal seriam “furthermore” e
“moreover”, bastante usadas em textos.
The meeting was very productive. Moreover lots of ideas were presented.
A reunião foi muito produtiva. Além disso, muitas ideias foram apresentadas.
The meeting was very productive and lots of ideas were presented.
A reunião foi muito produtiva e muitas ideias foram apresentadas.
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Para exemplificar, desta vez com ideia de adição, também muito usadas nas provas,
vejamos o quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor:
Para ilustrar outra vez os linking words de adição, vejamos um texto retirado desta vez, da
prova do IME/2015, em que aparece “and” muitas vezes e também um linking word usado em
textos mais técnicos, o “moreover”. E a questão poderia ser assim:
Questão IME/2015 – Percebe-se a ideia de adição em
(A) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, be valuable.
(B) sources, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, be valuable.
(C) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, years.
(D) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, still.
(E) sources, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, years.
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A resposta seria a letra B porque o contraste, representado desta vez pelo linking word
“and” e também “moreover”, traz a ideia de informações sendo adicionadas.
Perceba que, a única opção em que a ordem das palavras está de acordo com o que é
adicionado, ou seja, logo após o linking word “and” e “moreover”, é a letra B de fato: ... and ...
sources, .. and tapped, ...and cost..., .. and institucional investors.
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Sequência
Para oferecer a ideia de sequência, há linking words fundamentais, tais como é o “first,
second, after, then, so”, entre outros, que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das
frases, indicando que vamos dar continuidade à ideia que acabou de ser apresentada.
First, he decided to study. Then, he bought a good material and then dedicated a lot.
Primeiro, ele decidiu estudar. Daí, ele comprou um bom material e então dedicou-se
muito.
Em narrativas, os linking words organizam a história numa sequência de eventos,

facilitando a compreensão do texto durante sua leitura. São elementos essenciais tanto na
comunicação quanto na escrita, visto que eles colaboram com a coesão e coerência textuais.
Há, ainda, linking words que explicam a razão, a condição, a causa de algo, como podemos
ver no quadro abaixo e também nos exemplos:
Due to the heavy rain the flight was cancelled.

Devido/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado.
Because of the heavy rain the flight was cancelled.

Por causa/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado.
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5. Direct Speech
O discurso direto em Inglês – direct speech – é usado quando queremos reproduzir
qualquer tipo de informação que nos é relatada. Podemos dizer que, em suma, o discurso direto
é utilizado para repetir o que uma outra pessoa disse, sem alteração. Veja:
She said, “I study every day because I want to be approved”.

Ela disse: “Eu estudo todos os dias porque quero ser aprovada”.
E sabe por que é importante estudar o discurso direto? Porque é possível encontrar (e
aparece muitas vezes) o discurso direto em jornais e portais de notícias, a fim de enfatizar e,
consequentemente, deixar a notícia mais direta ou, às vezes, mais dramática, vejamos:
“I won’t resign”, says the president during the meeting.

“Não irei renunciar”, diz o presidente durante a reunião.
“Our diplomatic relations are over”, affirm both candidates.
“Nossas relações diplomáticas acabaram”, afirmam ambos candidatos).
O discurso direto pode também ser encontrado em diálogos de narrativas ficcionais, pois
permite que traços da fala e de personalidade dos personagens envolvidos tenham destaque,
atraindo a atenção de seus leitores.
“I could tell you my adventures—beginning from this morning,” said Alice a little
timidly; “but it’s no use going back to yesterday, because I was a different person
then.” (Eu poderia lhes contar minhas aventuras – começando por esta manhã", disse
Alice um pouco tímida; mas não adianta voltar a ontem, porque eu era uma pessoa
diferente.)
Lewis Carrol, Alice no País das Maravilhas
Agora, vamos estudar o discurso indireto – indirect speech, também chamado de reported
speech, que, além de ter muitas possibilidades de uso, é mais recorrente ainda no vestibular.
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6. Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
O indirect speech/reported speech, ou discurso indireto, é, por sua vez, uma maneira de
falar sobre o que alguém disse, para repassar uma notícia, uma história. A principal característica
é que no discurso indireto, se fala na voz de quem está contando a ação e não de quem a viveu.
Por esse motivo, existem algumas regras básicas para se usar bem o discurso indireto,
como por exemplo, a mudança dos tempos verbais. Se você diz, por exemplo, que você quer um
carro novo e alguém vai me contar, a sequência é a seguinte:
- Eu quero um carro novo.

- Ele disse que queria um carro novo.
Em Inglês, é a mesma coisa. Observe que o verbo querer estava no presente quando você
falou (eu quero). E foi automaticamente para o passado quando alguém contou o que você falou
(ele/ela disse que queria). Veja em Inglês:
(Você dizendo): – I want a new car .

(Alguém dizendo/contando o que ouviu): – He/She said that he/she wanted a
new car.
(O pai dizendo): – I want to see your grades (Eu quero ver suas notas).
(A mãe dizendo à filha o que foi dito): – He said that he wanted to see your
grades.
(Ele disse que ele queria ver as suas notas).
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Veja algumas mudanças que acontecem com os verbos quando o discurso direto é
transformado em discurso indireto, com exemplos abaixo de cada tempo verbal:
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Verb changes
Você percebeu que em todas as frases eu usei “He said”, que pode ser acompanhado ou
não de “that”. Mas, além do verbo to say (passado said), podemos também usar o verbo to tell
(passado told) em frases com indirect/reported speech. Vejamos exemplos:
- I want a glass of water now. - Eu quero um copo de água agora.

He told me (that) he wanted this glass of water. Ele me disse que ele queria esse copo
de água.
- I don’t want to work out today. - Eu não quero malhar.
He told me (that) he didn’t want to work out yesterday. Ele me disse que não queria
malhar ontem.
A partir dos exemplos acima, podemos notar que algumas outras palavras, além dos
tempos verbais, se alteram com o discurso indireto. Se fosse, por exemplo, em Português:
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- Eu comprei esse boné. (discurso direto)
Ele disse que comprou aquele boné. (discurso indireto)
Em Inglês, fica:
- I have bought this cap. He said he had bought that cap.
- Eu comprei esse boné. Ele disse que ele tinha comprado aquele boné.
Veja, agora, as possíveis modificações no discurso indireto.
Time expression changes
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Pode ainda, haver outras alterações. Alguns lugares, além dos pronomes e das indicações
de tempo acima, também podem mudar com a passagem do discurso direto para o indireto.
They are meeting at my house. (Eles estão se encontrando na minha casa.)

He said that they were meeting at his house.
Ele disse que eles estavam se encontrando na casa dele.)
I got here by train. (Eu cheguei aqui de trem.)

He said he had got there by train. (Ele disse que ele chegou lá de trem.)
E os verbos modais, já apresentados na aula 2, também mudam. Se você diz que pode fazer
algo, no momento que vou contar a alguém, digo: Ele(a) disse que podia fazer algo.
Assim como o posso se torna podia, em Inglês o can se torna could, entendeu? Vejamos a
seguir a tabela e os exemplos para facilitar.
Modal verbs changes
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I can dance rock. (Eu consigo dançar rock.)
He said he could dance rock. (Ele disse que ele conseguia dançar rock.)
She must study a lot. (Ela deve estudar muito.)

She said she had to study a lot. (Ela disse que ela teve que estudar
muito.)
Em um texto de prova, do jornal The Economist, vou mostrar como uma das frases em
discurso direto poderia ter sido explorada para testar seus conhecimentos, como já foi feito em
outras provas:
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Na frase “Environmentalists may feel a twinge of fear…” (Ambientalistas podem sentir uma
pontada de medo...), no discurso direto, poderia ser questionado como ficaria no discurso
indireto ou se o verbo modal “may” mudaria na modificação de discurso direto para indireto, veja:
Questão: A frase “Environmentalists may feel a twinge of fear…” devidamente

transformada em discurso indireto, ficaria:
A ( ) He said that environmentalists may felt a twinge of fear.
B ( ) He said that environmentalists can felt a twinge of fear.
C ( ) He said that environmentalists may be felling a twinge of fear.
D ( ) He said that environmentalists may have felt a twinge of fear.
E ( ) He said that environmentalists might feel a twinge of fear.
Comentários:
Aqui, devemos analisar cada alternativa, para encontrar a melhor alternativa para a
sentença transformada em discurso indireto, de acordo com as regras vistas acima, na explicação
com quadros/tabelas que preparei para você.
A primeira coisa a se observar é que o verbo modal “may”, ao direcionar-se à uma frase do
discurso indireto, passa de may para might, lembra?
Na letra A, afirma-se que o verbo feel vai para o passado – felt, mas, ao analisar a teoria
acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa.
Na letra B, afirma-se que o verbo modal may muda para can e que o verbo feel vai para o
passado – felt, mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse
anteriormente, may se transforma em might e jamais seria trocado um verbo modal por outro,
pois, como vimos na aula de verbos, o sentido também muda de acordo com a situação em que
é encaixado. Falsa.
Na letra C, afirma-se que a estrutura inteira da frase muda de may feel para may be feeling,
no gerúndio , mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse
anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa.
Na letra D, afirma-se que estrutura inteira da frase muda de may feel para may have felt,
no present perfect, mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse
anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa.
A letra E, afirma-se que o verbo feel continua feel e o modal may muda para might,
exatamente como vimos na tabela ilustrativa. E podemos perceber que, como eu disse
anteriormente, may transformado em might está correto para discurso indireto com verbos
modais.
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7.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015)

Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
a) Besides
b) Because
c) Although
d) Therefore

Select the alternative in which the use of “so” does not express the result of an action:
a) I don’t have a nice dress, so I’m not going to the party tonight.
b) Water is running out, so people must save it as much as they can.
c) Lightning is dangerous to everybody, so a lot of people don’t worry about it.
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d) There are weather balloons and satellites to help predict the weather, so meteorologists must
know how to use them in order to deliver precise forecasts.

Select the alternative that best completes the sentence below giving idea of comparison.
He is a good artist and he sings ____ a professional when he is on stage.
a) as
b) like
c) such
d) as if
Read the text and answer questions 4 and 5.

Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska.
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity and
environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge
governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to protect our
environment and our future.
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org

‘in order to’, underlined in the text, is used to
a) give orders.
b) express purpose.
c) indicate personal opinion.
d) talk about a sequence of ideas.

The sentence ‘It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals.’ means that
Greenpeace ________, except:
a) sole responsibility is to expose criminals.
b) exposes environmental criminals, among other things.
c) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, too.
d) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, as well.
Read the text and answer question 6.

The Bottom Line on Facebook Depression
Facebook, the most popular social media platform, does not make people more depressed on its
own. Instead, what the research shows is that Facebook – when used as a surveillance device –
leads to a greater risk of feelings of envy. And the more those feelings of envy increase, the
more likely it is for a person to start feeling depressed.
The key to stopping these feelings is to not use Facebook primarily as a surveillance method to
spy on your family and friends’ lives. Instead, use it as a social network where you share your
own information, photos and updates, as well as consume other’s updates and shares.
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Healthy use of Facebook will protect you against the possibility of feeling more depressed after
using it. It’s a simple thing you can try for yourself – especially if you feel more envious after
checking Facebook.
Fonte: Psych Central – World of Psychology

In ‘(...) when used as a surveillance device (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that Facebook is used
for
a) updating the news.
b) keeping track of others.
c) exchanging the information between more people.
d) surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or opinions.
Read the fable and answer question 7.

The Crab and His Mother
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab
said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk straight.’ Baby Crab
replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight herself.
Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child.
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables

Change the sentence below into indirect speech. Baby Crab said to Mamma Crab, ‘Show me
how to walk straight (…).’
Baby Crab told _____ how to walk straight (…).
a) his mom to show
b) to his mom show
c) his mom showing
d) to his mom shows

The Marine’s Father
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside.
“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before
the patient’s eyes opened.
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young uniformed
Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his
toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a message of love and
encouragement.
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the night the
young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering him
words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine move away and
rest awhile.
35
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her and of
the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of the night staff
members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other patients.
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held
tightly to his son all through the night.
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he had been
holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he waited.
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her.
“Who was that man?” he asked.
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered.
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied.
“I never saw him before in my life.”
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?”
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son
just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son,
knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.”
Author Unknown
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/)
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita)

The expression “ward”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to __________.
a) department
b) hospital
c) office
d) infirmary

The Struggles of Our Life
Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and
that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the
time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed.
Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each
on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second
pot and ground coffee beans in the third pot. He then let them sit and boil without saying a word
to his daughter. The daughter moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing.
After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed
them in a bowl. He took the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. He then ladled the coffee out
and placed it in a cup.
Turning to her, he asked. “What do you see?” “Potatoes, eggs and coffee,” she hastily
replied.
“Look closer”, he said, “and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft.
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He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the
hard-boiled egg.
Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face.
“Father, what does this mean?” she asked.
He explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same
adversity – the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently.
The potato went in strong, hard and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and
weak. The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in
the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard. However, the ground coffee beans
were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created
something new.
“Which one are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how
do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean?”
The moral of the story:
In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us. The only thing that truly matters
is your choice of how you react to it and what you make of it. Learn, adapt and choose to make
the best of each experience.
(Adapted from https://academictips.org/blogs/the-struggles-of-our-life/)

In “In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us…” we can say that
________________.
a) This excerpt is talking abou the eggs, potatoes and coffe
b) Things in our life happen all the time and with everyone
c) Nothing happens in anyone’s life
d) Things in our life happen to us and no one else

Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements.
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days.
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK.
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”,
due to a lack of staff and testing resources.
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it
37
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he
added.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25)

In " , a chorus of voices is warning that another lockdown could have dire consequences ", the
word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to _____________ . Except:
a) terrible
b) bad
c) dreadful
d) terrific

Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first
Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride.
The company said Tuesday that passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when
requesting their next ride.
The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said
in a blog post Tuesday.
Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being
reported by a driver.
Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy.
"We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global
head of safety product, in the blog post.
If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the
next time they go to request a ride.
The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to
determine whether a person is wearing a mask.
Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process."
For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation,
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a
removal.
38
"We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations.
The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect
indefinitely.
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html)
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In “…to detect things like if someone is trying to
cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask…”. (paragraph 9), the
underlined expression can be replaced by
a) According to
b) Despite
c) In conclusion
d) For example
Read the comic strip and answer question 12.
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/16)
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to what the men said, he _____.
a) Agrees with the woman's method

b) Thinks she is exaggerating
c) Really wants to help the woman
d) Feels sorry for the bug
Read the paragraph and answer questions 13 and 14.

Want to Relax? Try Yoga
Stress is ever present. Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience to
benefit from the practice. Whether you are at home, work or somewhere in between, yoga
is always here to help you relax.
39
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/guides/well/yoga-stress?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=923786686&algo=random&imp_id=334157557&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtyp
e=Homepage&redirect=true)
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that
a) Yoga is an easy and practical way to relieve stress

b) Yoga needs a specific place for its realization
c) Yoga only works with a certain type of person
d) Yoga, although practical, needs prior knowledge for its realization
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Prior”, underlined in the paragraph, has the same
meaning as
a) Current
b) Later
c) Previous
d) Forward
Read the text and answer questions 15, 16 and 17.

Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year.
Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured music
scene.
A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories
of a "dark time in history."
White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union Baptist
Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 26 March and 4
April.
Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and video
on Facebook of the first two churches burning.
All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because
they were torched at night.
A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year.
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of using fire
to commit a federal felony.
At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In a
plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black metal" music
fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian churches in Norway were
attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre of heavy metal music.
In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence "should
send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction and violence".
40
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54779878)
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ________
a) Holden committed the crimes in order to hurt the religiosity of the people who attended
the churches
b) Holden committed the crimes in order to gain popularity in his group
c) Holden committed the crimes in order to reproduce his racial prejudice in a violent way
d) Holden committed the crimes in order to obey the rules that govern his favoured music
scene
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response
a) Holden's attacks recalled events from a delicate moment in history

b) Holden’s attacks were carried out at moments in history that we refer to as dark
c) Holden's attacks were motivated by racial issues, following the premises of his group
d) Holden's attacks were not seen as related to attacks made during the civil rights era in
America
17. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, the attacks
a) Had many victims

b) Were not the first hate crime committed this year by Matthews
c) Besides having completely affected the churches, had fatal victims
d) Were not influenced by acts related to fans of the musical genre in which Matthews acted
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the woman’s attitude, she _______.
a) Didn’t want her husband’s company

b) Spread needles on the couch, purposely
c) Nailed a prank on her husband
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d) Was surprised and not too concerned about what happened to her husband
Read text to do questions 19 and 20 based on it.

Text I
Social media ’destroying how society works'
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the
world. The executive is a man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________ Facebook in 2007
and ___________a vice president. He was responsible for increasing the number of users
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty about getting more people to use social
networks. He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's
behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to each other face to face. Today, people message each
other and do not talk. People also really care about what other people think of them. They post
photos and wait to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if people do not like
the photo.
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from social media so they can experience
real life. He wants people to value each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and thumbs-
up". Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world, it is becoming
easier for large websites to spread lies. It is also becoming easier to hurt other people online.
Anyone can hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other people. Palihapitiya said this
was a global problem. He is worried about social media so much that he has banned his children
from using it. However, he did state that Facebook was a good company. He said: "Of course, it's
not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the world."
19. (CN – 2018) Read the statements to check if they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I- An ex-Facebook boss said social media is damaging society.

II- It is becoming more difficult for big websites to spread fake news.
III- People message each other today instead of talking face to face.
IV- Palihapitiya said social media does not change our behavior.
Choose the option that respectively represents the statements above.
(A) F/T/T/F
(B) F/F/T/T
(C) T/F/T/F
(D) T/T/F/T
(E) F/F/F/T
20. (CN – 2018) Mark the option in which there is NO Present Continuous Tense.
(A) A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the
world.
(B) He was responsible for increasing the number of users Facebook had.
(C) He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's behavior.
(D) Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world.
(E) It is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies.
42
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 21 according to it.
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized
tests.
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why
the former is not the latter.
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight.
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10
distinct intelligences.
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above
all, are effective.
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this?
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same
issues apply.
Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the
43
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the
drawing boards’.
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence:
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others.
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up.
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful,
at best, and ill-conceived at worst.
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make
use of this information.
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet)
Glossary:
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for
teaching with objects.
21. (AFA – 2017) Choose the option that shows the indirect speech form for “These
distinctions are consequential.”.
Gardner
a) said that those distinctions were consequential.
b) told these distinctions are consequential.
c) said us these distinctions were consequential.
d) told those distinctions are consequential.
Directions: Answer question 22 according to TEXT I.
44
TEXT I
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back?
IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a
thing.
The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully
recovered his sense of smell.
Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness
than fever.
For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food.
“So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.”
Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories.
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers.
What the nose knows
The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce.
Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic
functions of the system.”
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision
45
impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent.
It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways.
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia.
“It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.”
Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years.
Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared.
An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.”
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/)
22. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the correct option.
a) Doctors claim that the virus causes long-term smell loss.

b) Doctors claim that the virus does not cause long-term smell loss.
c) Doctors affirm that the smell loss is inevitable for those who have been affected by the virus.
d) Doctors still don't know if the virus causes long-term smell loss

TEXT I
Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of
running a fake news network
Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a
worldwide block on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are
under investigation for allegedly running a fake news network.
Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had
failed to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying
they were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside
Brazil.
Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal
liability for an employee in Brazil.
But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of
expression outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions
worldwide.” The company said it would appeal to the full court.
46
Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the
ability for the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”.
“People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and
Profiles even if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said.
Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying
with his previous decision during the last eight days.
He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the
decision was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would
appeal, the targeted profiles were disabled.
Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices.
The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the
Supreme Court.
The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be
unblocked.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/)
23. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text.
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with
a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down”
Choose the correct question for the sentence below.
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude?
b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes?
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice?
d) Were the accounts blocked?
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes?
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II.

TEXT II
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”.
Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis.
Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-coloured
housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa, a 38-year-
old cleaner.
This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a swift
descent from struggle into crisis.
Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus cases
began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her husband, a
driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-thirds because
the staff he had been driving were working from home.
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“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things.
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she
says.
In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems over
the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown, they are
better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain are more
profound.
“Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,” she
says.
Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with rising
fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200 naira
(£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go back and
forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children alone.
For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty.
The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium
and small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the
programs are likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively target
those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be financially
excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to identify poorer
citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring help.
Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted
to contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated that
unemployment could rise by half to 33%.
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels
inexplicable.
Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says, “but
we’re all fine.”
A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have not
been adapted to the realities for working people.
Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago.
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get customers but
I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.”
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-
see-suffering)
24. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The expression “We don’t see any virus but we see
suffering" means.
a) That they actually see the suffering, not the virus.
48
b) That they don’t have any cases there, just the suffering as a result of the situation.
c) That they experience both, but the suffering is more relevant than the virus.
d) That they don’t experience any pandemic effects.
e) That there is no virus or suffering in Africa.
Observe this comic strip to do item 25
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837)
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home

b) He is helping just enough at home
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife
d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house
e) He was cleaning the house
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 26.

“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice.
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the desk
allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on his
flawless lips. But his eyes were careful.
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last
week. You must be Bella Swan.”
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.
He laughed a soft laugh.
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.”
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2012)

According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella
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[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable.
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward.
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude.

Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving
banners and placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and
pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious
neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor,
but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal
process.
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were
good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy
down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits,
but then those stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as the country
deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession
entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I
have no idea where else to go”, she says.
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to
action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of People Affected by
Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent
banks and authorities from eviction because of the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the
banks and authorities of “real estate terrorism”.
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the “Indignados”.
Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. “The
15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal
conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or
fashion.”
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police,
insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an
impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay - for a while, at least. For
those working to stop Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and temporary victory.
For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html

According to the text, Rocio
[A] moved to Spain when there were many jobs there.
[B] was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain.
[C] is getting benefits from Spain’s government nowadays.
[D] had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain.
[E] has the best job in Spain nowadays.
50
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes
following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and
development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the
security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of
top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by
superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both
competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward
operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of
military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can
have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life
of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down
assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from
subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be
impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and
regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs.
The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers
to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside
the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a
commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say
you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General
Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that
the two situations described in the paragraph
[A] have similar elements. [B] have opposite elements.
[C] have identical elements. [D] have chronological elements.
[E] have unbelievable elements.

Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in
the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near
Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was
51
finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see
him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades.
“I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am
very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One
emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed
search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been
officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now
alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching.
They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders
from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as
proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer,
Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda
and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him
for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and
other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years.
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his country after the war ended.
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times.
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972.
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang.
[A] III and V are correct.
[B] I and II are correct.
[C] I and IV are correct.
[D] I and III are correct
[E] All of them are correct.

We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant
when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I
have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning,
probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing
52
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my
modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation –
a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves
distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a
shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call
for help from a professional handyman or tailor.
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow
our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these
things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language
and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate
information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but
are also able to act for themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless

In the sentence “Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills.”
(paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by
[A] however
[B] in addition to
[C] to the exclusion of
[D] though
[E] as a result of

Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city,
Ethel Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay
well fed.
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in
their fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residents work as runners, carrying food
down to cook and then up again to feed people.
Even though the power is back, they still need help.
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.”
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140
miles an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a
city of more than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses
53
sustained damage, trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are
overrun.
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs
for critical infrastructure.
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them
back into a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity
about what the future holds.
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski,
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents,
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running.
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct statement.
[A] Iowans were suffering from hunger five days after the storm.
[B] The storm left 125,000 people homeless.
[C] Iowans are in a tough situation but they know things will go back to normal quickly.
[D] Gov. Reynolds said the Iowans have gone through something impossible to imagine.
[E] Five days after the end of the storm, people were able to live their normal lives without
major problems.

Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst
effects.
Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark some
of Covid-19’s worst symptoms.
“I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of poor
outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist at
Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the
predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in
combination.”
But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s
risk of severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only
beginning to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape
are five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html)
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr.
Stephanie
54
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in
good consequences
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung
problems
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung
problems
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs

Coronavirus: Russian vaccine shows signs of immune response
Russian scientists have published the first report on their coronavirus vaccine, saying early tests
showed signs of an immune response.
The report published by medical journal The Lancet said every participant developed
antibodies to fight the virus and had no serious side effects.
Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August, the first country to do so and before data
had been published.
Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and safety.
But Moscow has hailed ___(1) results as an answer to critics. Some Western experts have
raised concerns about the speed of Russia's work, suggesting that researchers might be cutting
corners.
Last month, President Vladimir Putin said ___(2) vaccine had passed all the required checks and
that one ___(3) his own daughters had been given it.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54036221)
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct
statement
a) Russia’s vaccine wasn’t questioned by anyone

b) The President Vladimir Putin stated that the vaccine wasn’t reliable
c) Despite the President’s speech, professionals questioned the efficiency of Russia’s work
d) Nobody has had the vaccine yet
e) Although not everyone developed antibodies in the testing phase, the vaccine was
released in August in Russia
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 34

Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson: Actor and family had Covid-19
The former wrestler, who is now the world's highest-paid actor, said he, his wife and two
daughters caught the virus despite being "disciplined" about health protection.
He said the positive tests were "a kick in the gut".
Now, he added: "We're on the other end of it and no longer contagious. Thank God, we're
healthy."
55
Johnson and his family live in the US, which has recorded more than 6.1 million coronavirus
cases and over 185,700 deaths linked to the disease.
The actor, 48, said he and his wife Lauren, 35, and their daughters Jasmine and Tiana,
aged four and two, contracted the virus about two-and-a-half weeks ago.
The American-Canadian actor said his daughters had exhibited mild symptoms, explaining
they "had a sore throat for the first couple of days, but other than that they bounced back and
it's been life as normal".
"But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I," Johnson said. He said he and his wife
"had a rough go" - without detailing his exact symptoms - but together they "got through it as a
family".
Johnson said they caught the virus from "very close family friends" who, in turn, had no
idea how they had been infected.
"I can tell you that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have
ever had to endure as a family," Johnson said in a video posted to his Instagram account.
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, Dwayne Johnson
a) And his family weren’t affected by the coronavirus

b) And his wife had an asymptomatic infection
c) Did not experience difficulties in his infection period
d) And his family contracted the coronavirus because of a careless routine
e) And his family, despite discipline, were infected with the coronavirus
35. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below, respectively.
“______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to
the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who
amused him.”
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.)
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that

( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which
( c ) In / who / instead / whom
( d ) At / whom / because / who
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which
36. (EFOMM – 2017) All the sentences below are correct, EXCEPT:
( a ) Carefully, she laid the papers on the table and left the room.
( b ) These children are very badly brought up. They are always shouting and fighting each
other.
( c ) We looked at lots of different makes of car but, in the end it was a question of price.
56
( d ) The train is my favorite way of transport.
( e ) The road out of our village goes up a steep hill.
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates
NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in
England.
"How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker,"
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker.
Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase.
"There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S.
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission.
"The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after
several attempts to stop the vessel."
Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates.
The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory.
"When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue."
The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and
witnesses to court.
Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count.
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09)
37. (EFOMM – 2010) "The economic downturn has affected many households in the United
States. U.S. homeowners have continued investing their money in the stock market
though". The underlined connective expresses the idea of:
(A) conclusion
57
(B) time
(C) emphasis
(D) contrast
(E) addition
38. (EFOMM – 2010) "She has tried to reach them four times on the phone without success.
Hence she needs to write them as her last option." The underlined connective expresses
the idea of:
(A) addition
(B) conclusion
(C) enumeration
(D) contrast
(E) concession
39. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences:
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door.
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it.
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative.
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty.
(A) Like / although / despite / as soon as

(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as
(C) Since / even though / although / unless
(D) As / once / although / unless
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if
40. (EFOMM – 2010) “People believe that saving money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless,
enjoying life also involves spending money on things that make you feel happy and
accomplished.” The underlined connective could be replaced with:
(A) Thus
(B) Moreover
(C) Still
(D) Therefore
(E) Furthermore
Text II
Based on the text below, answer question 41
Pidgins and creoles
Pidgin Languages
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins
58
have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited
vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions,
compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but
they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus
of interest to those who study the way languages change.
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk,
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins
are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their
own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as
languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and
uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and
shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis
on processes of change is reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization.
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result
only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia,
where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European
pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another
is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa.
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes
for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns
the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin
French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin
English which appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as
the war was over. But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca,
or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century.
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given
official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’,
because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users,
and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these
languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of
their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian
Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the
most widely used language in the country.
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344).
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada)

According to the text,
a) Krio, Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama are now considered lingua francas.
59
b) the terms pidginization and creolization are used to describe a formal language that turns
into a pidgin.
c) there are few exceptions to the fact that pidgin languages don’t last long.
d) it would be ideal that pidgins disappear so people would only speak formal languages.
e) people who use pidgins as their native language are a major focus of interest to those who
study the way languages change.
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita)

Which option is correct?
a) She needs a lot of motivations to go running everyday.
b) He paid the taxes to the airline company to take extra luggage.
c) People should always wear preservatives in order not to get sexually transmitted diseases.
d) They actually used to use beautiful fabric costumes to take terrific pictures on halloween.
e) She loves to watch all episodes of her favorite novels on television.

Which of the following sentences expresses possibility?
a) She can speak German.
b) He must do the housework before his mother arrives.
c) You should eat some fruit in order to get healthier.
d) He might go to the beach tomorrow morning.
e) You would be stronger if you worked out at the gym.

“It’s believed that having a lot of money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, enjoying life also
involves spending time with family and dear friends.” The underlined connective could be
replaced with:
(A) Thus
(B) Moreover
(C) Still
(D) Therefore
(E) Furthermore
Text II
Based on the text below, answer question 45.
Brazil has recorded more than 100,000 deaths linked to Covid-19, the world's second-highest
figure, as the outbreak in the country shows no sign of easing.
The virus killed 50,000 people in three months, but that number doubled in just 50 days. There
have been more than three million confirmed cases so far.
The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and restaurants have already reopened.
President Jair Bolsonaro has downplayed the impact of the virus and opposed measures that
could hit the economy.
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The far-right leader, who caught the disease himself and recovered, fought restrictions imposed
by state governors to curb Covid-19, and has frequently joined crowds of supporters, at times
without a face mask.
Experts have complained of a lack of a co-ordinated plan by the Bolsonaro government as local
authorities now focus on restarting the economy, which is likely to boost the spread of the virus.
How is Brazil responding to the crisis?
The health ministry is being led by an army general with no experience in public health. Two
earlier ministers, both physicians, left the job after disagreeing with the president over social
distancing measures and the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment, though studies say it is
ineffective and even dangerous.
President Bolsonaro - who has called Covid-19 a "little flu" and has been criticised at home and
abroad for his response to the outbreak - said he recovered from his own infection thanks to the
anti-malarial drug.
"We should be living in despair, because this is a tragedy like a world war. But Brazil is under
collective anaesthesia," Dr José Davi Urbaez, a senior member of the Infectious Diseases Society,
told Reuters news agency.
"The government's message today is: 'Catch your coronavirus and if it's serious, there is
intensive care.' That sums up our policy today."
Brazil has had 100,477 virus-related deaths and 3,012,412 cases, according to the health
ministry, though the numbers are believed to be much higher because of insufficient testing.
Only the United States has higher figures.
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53712087

Read the text and mark the correct option.
(A) Physicians agree with President Bolsonaro about COVID-19’s treatment.
(B) Local authorities are carrying out an organised economy restart.
(C) Brazil’s new cases curve is slowly flattening.
(D) Social distancing is being kept at all costs in Brazil.
(E) The worst part of the Pandemic in Brazil is yet to come.
TEXT III
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way
The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like.
But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky
relationship with the US.
Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __46__ me that a Joe Biden presidency would
be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would be seen as
"unpredictable".
And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking.
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One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay.
Here are three things that are worring Chinese companies the most about the next US
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves:
Decoupling
This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China.
Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business
relations with China.
Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains out
of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like TikTok and
Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones.
Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", __47__
Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas lobby group.
"The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our technology
being stolen," he said.
But decoupling isn't that simple.
While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing business
with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-sufficiency in
some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence.
"There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need to do to
protect their interests."
Delisting
As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to comply
with new rules on auditing.
If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned.
While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban,
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay.
"A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq Dennison,
a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management.
'"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change anytime
soon."
While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are looking
to float in the future.
Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group that
this week filed for an IPO.
Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its shares instead of the US.
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__48__ other Chinese companies are likely to follow suit, as tensions between the US and
China get worse.
Deglobalisation
China has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. It
has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, the bedrock
upon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based.
But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration argues
that China has become richer while the US has become poorer.
During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after the
election.
"The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads the
latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a large extent
reset the China-US relationship."
One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world.
If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get in
a fight - or at least not open conflict.
A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired missiles
into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway.
The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but
for the rest of us too.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-reporting-story)
46. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita)
a) Will tell
b) Is telling
c) Had been telling
d) Will be telling
e) Have told
a) Nevertheless
b) Despite
c) According to
d) As well as
e) Accordingly
a) According to
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b) Each time fewer
c) Meanwhile
d) Increasingly
e) And
Discovery
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the bacteria-killing properties of penicillin while conducting
research at St. Mary’s Hospital in London in 1928. Upon returning to his disorganized lab from a
weekend vacation, Fleming noticed that one of the Petri dishes was uncovered and a blue-green
mold was growing inside. Rather than tossing the contaminated dish into the trash, he looked
carefully and observed that the mold had killed bacteria growing nearby. Quite by accident
Fleming had discovered penicillin, the antibiotic released by the mold of the genus Penicillium.
Alexander Fleming was well acquainted with the treatment of bacterial infections after spending
World War I as a captain in the British Medical Corps. He witnessed firsthand the lack of
medicine to treat infections, with disease causing approximately one third of military deaths
during the Great War. Despite its historical significance, Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928
brought little attention. The technology and funding needed to isolate and produce the
antibiotic was unavailable at the time. Fleming, however, continued to grow the Penicillium
notatum strain in his lab for twelve years, distributing it to scientists and saving the specimen
for someone willing and able to transform the “mold juice” into a medicine suitable for human
use.
Purification and Trials
___49____, Australian scientist Howard Florey hired Ernst Chain to help with his microbiology
research at Oxford University. Florey and Chain were interested in Alexander Fleming’s work
and in 1938, began studying the antibacterial properties of mold. Chain began by purifying and
concentrating the penicillin “juice” through a complex and tiring process of freeze drying the
product repeatedly. This slow and relatively inefficient process was improved upon by another
researcher, Norman Heatley, who purified the penicillin by adjusting the acidity, or pH.
To their great excitement, Florey’s team successfully cured infected mice with penicillin on May
25, 1940. Heatley oversaw the trials and recorded in his diary, “After supper with some friends, I
returned to the lab and met the professor to give a final dose of penicillin to two of the mice.
The 'controls' were looking very sick, but the two treated mice seemed very well. I stayed at the
lab until 3:45am, by which time all four control animals were dead.” Delirious with excitement,
Heatley returned home early that morning, surprised to find that he had put his underpants on
backwards in the dark! The usually mild-mannered Heatley noted in his journal, “It really looks
as if penicillin may be of practical importance.”
Mass Production
Florey and Chain’s report about the mouse trials drew great interest from both scientific and
military communities. World War II was well underway in Europe and the ability to combat
disease and infection could mean the difference between victory and defeat. Because British
facilities were manufacturing other drugs needed for the war effort in Europe, Florey and
Heatley travelled to the U.S. in July of 1941 to continue research and seek help from the
American pharmaceutical industry. They convinced four drug companies, Merck, E. R. Squibb &
Sons, Charles Pfizer & Co., and Lederle Laboratories, to aid in the production of penicillin.
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Florey and Heatley ended up in Peoria, Illinois to work with researchers who had perfected the
fermentation process necessary for growing penicillin. The researchers in Peoria used corn
instead of glucose, or simple sugar, as the nutrient source, and the penicillin grew approximately
500 times more than it had in England! The team searched for more productive strains of
Penicillium notatum, finding the best specimen growing on an over-ripe cantaloupe in a Peoria
grocery store.
Meanwhile, penicillin was used to cure the first human bacterial infection, proving to
researchers the vital importance of the drug to save lives. But, that one cure used up the entire
supply of penicillin in the entire U.S! Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,
1941, it was clear to scientists and military strategists that a combined effort was needed to
produce the large amounts of penicillin needed to win the war. A total of 21 U.S. companies
joined together, producing 2.3 million doses of penicillin in preparation of the D-Day invasion of
Normandy. Penicillin quickly became known as the war’s “miracle drug,” curing infectious
disease and saving millions of lives. In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, Sir Howard
Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery of penicillin
and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.” We have modern antibiotics today
because scientists and drug companies worked together to solve a problem.
(Adapted from https://www.nationalww2museum.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/thanks-to-penicillin-lesson.pdf) Acesso em: 03/04/2020.
49. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020)

A) In another time
B) Far from there
C) Meanwhile
D) Somewhere
E) Somehow
Industries shut, Ganga water quality improves

With industries shutdown and people confined to their homes for days following the imposition
of the 21-day lockdown, the water quality of Ganga river has significantly improved, according
to a IIT-BHU professor.
Dr P K Mishra, a professor at the institute's Chemical Engineering department, attributed the
improvement to the lack of industrial waste polluting the waters.
"One-tenth of the pollution in Ganga river comes from industries. As industries are shut due to
lockdown, situation has become better. We have seen 40-50 per cent improvement in the
Ganga. It is a significant development," Mishra told news agency ANI. With rainfall on March 15
and 16, the Ganga's water level has also increased, he said, adding that this meant the river's
cleaning capacity has also increased.
"There is a lot of difference between when we see the water of the Ganga river today and what
used to be earlier. Today, the water looks clean," ANI quoted a local as saying. He added that
people are also not taking bath at the ghats — a common ritual among locals there. "If this is
the condition in 10 days, then I believe Ganga river will be like it used to be earlier," he added.
Another local said nobody would have thought that the lockdown would have such an impact on
environment.
65
With several countries under lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus, the global
pollution levels have also dropped significantly. In India, pollution levels have dipped as the
lockdown in megacities has kept cars off the road and closed factories. New Delhi, which
regularly has unhealthy air conditions, has now seen its AQI falling below 95 — a big reduction
from its monthly average of 161 from March 2019. Mumbai, too, has witnessed a similar
reduction in pollution.
Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a
Himalayan chain of mountains in Himachal Pradesh, has now become visible from Jalandhar in
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.
Adapted from (https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/environment/industries-shut-ganga-water-quality-improves/ar-BB12beCN)

“Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.” (last paragraph). The highlighted
expression is closest in meaning to
A) otherwise.
B) thereafter.
C) beacause of.
D) moreover.
E) wherever.
Read the text to do items 51 and 52.

Covid-19 recoveries: 'It was the most terrifying experience of my life'
People in the UK who have returned to health after fighting off coronavirus tell their stories
I could tell the nurses were as scared as me; they told me my coronavirus test was positive as if I
was going to die,” says Ati, 41, who was admitted to hospital in Edinburgh after suffering from a
fever, a constant cough, abdominal and chest pain, shortness of breath and the loss of her sense
of smell and taste.
She had initially been told by 111 call responders to nurse her symptoms at home, but was
instructed to go to hospital after coughing up blood.
On her third day in hospital – her 13th with the illness – Ati started bringing up more blood and
felt an ever greater tightness in her chest as her temperature rose further. That night it started
to fall.
“To my surprise, it did not come back,” she recalls of the fever. “My body finally began to fight it
off and the next day they told me I could go home the day after if everything stayed stable.
“I was so relieved. I had kept thinking I should’ve been admitted earlier and feared it was too
late. It was the most terrifying experience of my life.”
More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19, and it is
thought that thousands more have it. The disease has killed 2,352 people in the UK so far.
Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. The number in the UK
remains unclear, but heartening reports are beginning to emerge.
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Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital, and 22-year-old Ryan is
among many whom 111 call handlers have told to stay at home and self-isolate unless they have
severe difficulties breathing.
“I’m very relieved I recovered,” says Ryan, a third-year engineering student at Imperial College
London, telling of coughing red phlegm, exhaustion, night sweats and nausea. “I couldn’t get out
of bed when the fever was at its worst. I lost my appetite and could barely drink water.”
He says he is usually healthy and that the ordeal has been a big shock. Now he just wants to
return to his home country, Malaysia.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/01/covid-19-recoveries-it-was-the-most-terrifying-experience-of-my-life
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text
“Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.” (paragraph 7)
Mark the option that can replace the expression meanwhile.
A) Before that
B) After that
C) At the same time
D) Estrategically
E) Some time after
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that does not represent a UK
fact about covid-19 crisis.
A) Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.

B) More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19.
C) The number of people recovered in the UK remains unclear.
D) Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital.
E) It is thought that thousands more have covid-19.
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita)Mark the correct option.

Jack likes to eat meat at least four times a week.
A) Jack has no problem with not eating meat three times a week.
B) Jack eats chicken the other three days of the week.
C) Jack has to eat meat four times a week, at least.
D) Jack eats vegetarian food at least three times a week.
E) Jack doesn’t like pork.
Text
Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from?
When Chinese scientists alerted colleagues to a new virus last December, suspicion fell on
a Wuhan market. What have health officials learned since then? A cluster of cases of pneumonia
of unknown origin had been reported in China in the middle of winter. On the evening of 30
December, the Wuhan municipal health commission had issued an “urgent notice” online,
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warning all medical facilities to be on the alert and put into effect their emergency plans. It
pointed the finger of suspicion for the outbreak at the Huanan seafood market.
Within days they knew it wasn’t Sars, it wasn’t Mers, it wasn’t flu, Legionella or a host of
other pathogens. It was new. Van Kerkhove, who painstakingly explains developments in the
pandemic twice a week at WHO’s briefings on Zoom, is a respiratory expert who had worked a lot
on coronaviruses including Mers. “I immediately thought this could be a new coronavirus,
because there are literally hundreds to thousands of coronaviruses that are circulating in
animals,” she said. That’s why coronaviruses already featured in the WHO’s blueprint for needed
epidemic research and development. The danger had been out there and recognised since Sars in
2003.
Patient zero may never be found. Covid-19, as we now call it, looked like acute pneumonia
when it killed frail and elderly people. And it is possible the first people to catch it had no
symptoms. The first clue was the market, but what looked like a slam dunk at first is now
uncertain. Of a sample of 41 early confirmed cases, 70% were stall owners, employees or regular
customers of the Huanan market, which sold seafood but also live animals, often illegally captured
in the wild and slaughtered in front of the customer. But the first confirmed case had no apparent
connection.
The market was closed by the Chinese authorities on 1 January and comprehensively
cleaned and disinfected, which was helpful to hygiene but destroyed clues. Nonetheless, swab
tests showed traces of the virus in areas where wild animals had been held. China realised
the threat posed by the virus… Yet it is not certain that the virus came out of the market. It is
possible that an infected human took it in, although nobody gives much credence to the latest
assertions from the Chinese state media that it could have been someone outside the country’s
borders.
The Chinese government was taking the outbreak seriously – and the cost to the country
in every sense of such a comprehensive shutdown including closing borders. But at that stage
China was doing what it needed to do – and what so many countries failed to do. It was stamping
out the virus, not looking for the source.
In March the virologists Eddie Holmes and Andrew Rambaut and others published a review
of what can be deduced from the genetic data in the journal Nature. Specifically, the spike protein
for which the new coronavirus has become famous has a “receptor binding domain” that will stick
to a certain receptor – called ACE2 – on a human cell.
Excitable China-blaming theories took off on rightwing news websites and social media in
April, alleging the virus had been made in the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab. They were
dismissed.
However it began, the advantage China and other Asian countries had was that they
realised the threat. China’s concern, having experienced Sars, was serious virus; the west’s was
serious disease. And that is why they have not ended their epidemics. If the west has 1,000 cases,
it will put the 100 that are severe in hospital. The other 900 – nobody has any idea where they
are, you can’t win that way. “The huge difference was just that extraordinary effort ensuring that
they effectively isolated all moderate or mild cases.”
___(54)___ where it came from, the only way to tackle a novel virus is to take it incredibly
seriously. China saw it as a serious virus from day one.
Adapted from: The Guardian. Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? Disponível em: <
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/where-did-coronavirus-come-from-covid >. Acesso em: 12/12/2020.
68
a) spite
b) in despite of
c) altogether
d) regardless of
e) moreover
If People Are Staying Home, Why Is Coronavirus Still Spreading?

Two months in to near-nationwide stay-at-home orders, Americans are ready to get back
to their pre-pandemic lives. Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have
been at home all day, every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks.
And yet, the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. continues to go up each day, by about
2 to 4 percent.
While the number of new cases is decreasing in hard-hit areas like New York, Michigan
and New Jersey, or small states like Hawaii, which is down to around just 1 new case a day, the
numbers are spiking upwards in nearly half of the country, from Illinois to Texas to New
Hampshire to Alabama.
There isn’t one single reason for the increases, but several, based on the way the U.S.
shut down (or didn’t), the current push to reopen and the nature of the virus itself.
Essential Workers
While many Americans are able to stay home, essential workers are still heading in each
day, to hospitals, nursing homes, supermarkets and factories — all places where they can come
in contact with people with COVID-19.
Nursing homes, in particular, are dealing with large outbreaks of the virus. At least 10,000
deaths in the U.S. have been linked to nursing homes, where the older residents are highly
susceptible to COVID-19, and workers are often surrounded by sick patients. One nursing home
in New Jersey was so overwhelmed by the number of patient deaths that police found 17 bodies
stacked in the facility’s morgue.
In the Midwest, several meat processing factories are dealing with large outbreaks
among their workers that only began in the last few weeks. At a Tyson Foods meat factory in
Perry, Iowa, 58 percent of the workers have tested positive for COVID-19, NBC News reported.
Tyson, and several Smithfield meat factories, have had to temporarily close or slow down
production as workers have gotten sick, leading to meat shortages nationwide.
Additionally, many of these essential workers are making minimum wage and can’t afford
to stay home and quarantine, even if they get COVID-19.
“They are afraid of losing their jobs,” J. Luis Nunez Gallegos, an assistant medical director
at a health center in Washington, D.C., told The Washington Post. “They are anxious their
employers won’t respect the quarantine, or that two weeks seems too long, and they don’t
always have the savings to get by.”
And as these essential workers continue to go to work, they also risk bringing COVID-19
home to their families and spreading the virus further.
The Push to Reopen
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Now, with the economy struggling, many governors are starting to slowly lift stay-at-
home orders in their states and allow non-essential businesses, such as hair salons, retail stores
and gyms, to reopen. This is happening ___55___ warnings from health experts like Dr. Anthony
Fauci who warn that reopening too soon could cause another spike in cases, and polls showing
that most Americans are against easing restrictions.
Several states that have begun to reopen are now seeing an increase in COVID-19 cases,
The New York Times reported. Indiana, Kansas and Nebraska all eased restrictions on Monday
despite spiking numbers, along with Iowa, Minnesota, Tennessee and Texas.
And while the White House was able to announce in mid-April that the projected number
of deaths had decreased from 100,000 to 60,000 by the end of August, those estimates have
now gone back up, and deaths are estimated to hit 100,000 by June. As of Wednesday morning,
more than 71,000 people have died.
The Virus Persists
Another issue is the messaging — when social distancing was first emphasized in mid-
March as a way to “flatten the curve” and limit the spread of COVID-19, it wasn’t a way to
eliminate the virus completely, as people may have believed.
What social distancing actually does is slow down virus transmission to a level that is
manageable for hospital workers and enables them to have enough hospital beds, masks and
equipment to properly treat COVID-19 patients.
While the virus will eventually slow down in areas that are adhering to social distancing
and other safety precautions, “there will be some places where it’s still circulating, so it never
really leaves,” Dr. Robert Norton, a professor of public health at Auburn University and member
of several coronavirus task forces, previously told PEOPLE.
Unfortunately, the virus will likely continue to persist until a vaccine is ready, in about 12
to 18 months at the earliest.
(Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid) Acesso em: 07/05/2020.

A) instead of
B) despite
C) according to
D) in compliance with
E) hence
Read Text I to do question 56 based on it
Text I
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars
On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era
of Martian exploration.
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__ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched __ NASA, is expected to become the United States’
15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars.
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars
invasion. Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000
miles above the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in
gaps in our understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured
by rovers and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the
UAE space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado,
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft.
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve
never run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced
sciences and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week.
“It wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary
exploration mission.”
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space
Agency’s ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long.
China’s Tianwen-1 mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected
to arrive less than a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the
Red Planet, but the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit.
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover
is small enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it
has safely touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the
next three months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater.
The rover and lander will both relay data ____ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will
send it back to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot
of details about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year
in Nature Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the
entire planet.”
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On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground.
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing __ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee,
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do.
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per
second, we’ll be ready.”
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is
to collect samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to
Earth. With any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life.
But whether scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open
question. Aside from hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind
technology demonstration involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing,
Perseverance will jettison the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If
it works, it will be the first time an aircraft has flown on another planet.
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a
historic moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of
space capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration.
Mars was once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it
is now also an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China.
Getting to Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes
well for the future of space exploration.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/)
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Although the Chinese National Space
Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]”. The highlighted word is closest
in meaning to
a) However
b) Despite
c) Since
d) Even though
e) Besides
Read Text II to do question 57 based on it
Text II
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IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/)
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that correctly substitutes the
expression rather than (line 02).
a) Instead of.
c) Despite of.
b) As well as.
d) In addition to.
e) At last.
Read Text IV to do question 58 based on it
Text IV
When will offices be full again?
Maybe never, some executives say.
By Lauren Hirsch
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and
even then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made
this week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter.
On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in
New York and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in
both cities; and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned.
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M.
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.”
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a
regulatory round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could
support demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before.
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and
pitches seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata
Sons, said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United
States to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2
billion worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.”
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There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited
about what employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend
two hours improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend
two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.”
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not
without risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's
really a pleasure.”
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-
say.html
58. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The correct form of the sentence ““They could
spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the
indirect speech is:
a) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient
family.
b) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient
family.
c) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.
d) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.
e) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient
family.
Huawei to be stripped of role in UK's 5G network by 2027, Dowden confirms

U-turn puts Boris Johnson on collision course with Tory rebels on timing of ban
Huawei is to be stripped out of Britain’s 5G phone networks by 2027, a date that puts Boris
Johnson on collision course with a group of Conservative rebels who want the Chinese company
eliminated quicker and more comprehensively.
Oliver Dowden, the UK culture secretary, also announced that no new Huawei 5G kit can be
bought after 31 December this year – but disappointed the rebels by saying that older 2G, 3G
and 4G kit can remain until it is no longer needed.
___59___, the minister declared that the UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating
“high-risk vendors” such as Huawei in 5G by the time of the next general election in 2024, in
attempt to placate some MPs.
But rebel leader Iain Duncan Smith, said there were contradictions in Dowden’s statement. “So
if there are risks in 5G why are they not a risk to us generally,” the former party leader said, and
called on the minister “to ban Huawei altogether”.
In reply, the culture secretary said that “the reality of the 5G network is that it is fundamentally
different” and added that “in turn 5G will be replaced by 6G and in all of that Huawei will be
absent”.
The minister also told MPs that the changes he was announcing would mean “a cumulative
delay to 5G roll out of two to three years and costs of up to £2bn” – costs that could in theory
be passed on in bills to consumers.
The decision represents an enforced U-turn on a previous decision to allow Huawei to supply
35% of the UK’s 5G equipment, and a compromise with BT and Vodafone, who warned there
could be phone “outages” if they were forced to act sooner.
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It follows the announcement in May of further US sanctions against Huawei, preventing it from
using microchips from American suppliers.
Downing Street then asked the National Cyber Security Centre, part of the spy agency GCHQ, to
review Huawei’s security and said its equipment could not be considered safe if it had to rely on
non-US components.
“The sanctions were a gamechanger,” a Whitehall official said.
Despite the retreat, the Conservative rebels believe Huawei still represents an immediate
national security risk and want the UK to follow the US and Australia, which have implemented
more complete bans.
The rebel MPs say they number about 60, theoretically enough to defeat the government, if the
opposition parties join forces with them. They want Huawei removed from existing 3G and 4G
networks as well as 5G by 2026 at the latest.
A rebel source said: “The fight is back on. The telecoms infrastructure bill will face amendments
to ban 3G and 4G on the same basis as 5G and to bring forward the end date for equipment. We
are confident that they will be successful.”
If Johnson does not go further, their plan is amend the telecoms security bill intended to
legislate for the two-part ban on Huawei. That was due to emerge before the summer recess
but has been pushed back until the autumn.
Huawei UK urged the government to reconsider, and said the UK would be economically
damaged if it pressed ahead.
Ed Brewster, a spokesperson for the company, said: “This disappointing decision is bad news for
anyone in the UK with a mobile phone. It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane,
push up bills and deepen the digital divide.”
The prime minister has become embroiled in an intense geopolitical row over Huawei, in which
the US president, Donald Trump, has demanded the Chinese company be kicked out of the UK,
claiming it poses a long-term security risk.
Huawei denies it has ever been asked to engage in any spying on behalf of the Chinese state,
while Beijing itself says Johnson’s decision will be an acid test of the Sino-British relationship
that had developed under David Cameron.
Officials also want Huawei to be removed from high-speed, full-fibre connections following a
two-year transition period, working with companies to find a way of eliminating the Chinese
company’s equipment.
No compensation is expected to be paid to BT or Vodafone or Huawei. BT’s chief executive had
said on Monday it would be possible to remove Huawei from 5G in five years – but warned that
it would be impossible to remove older equipment entirely within 10 years.
A few minutes before the announcement was made on Tuesday, Huawei said former BP boss
Lord Browne would be stepping down as chairman of its board of directors from September.
Browne, who had held the post for five years, did not say he was quitting but the company
thanked him for “his valuable contribution”.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms).
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita)

A) even
B) nevertheless
75
C) although
D) moreover
E) notwithstanding
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless

It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan “check, change, go”.
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it
will be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard
what the prime minister used to say on the subject.
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself.
When the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about.
Hardline Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might
manage relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes.
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse
away from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch.
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those
talks fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing
out). But even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), the
question of Britain’s geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered.
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the
discussion to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and
defence cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table.
European leaders were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something
no less urgent than fish quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term.
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view,
EU institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as
the Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as
an upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players
peer-to-peer.
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government
announced that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in
developing British 5G infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next
year.
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that
Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped
out of the network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company
and the demand from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic
loyalty. The unambiguous message from the White House is that trade and security policy are
intertwined. A country that wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign
76
investment relations vetted for intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade
retaliation against countries deemed hostile to Huawei.
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal
with China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice
in stark, binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is
holding the pen.
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that
has felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron
was a casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the
choice became real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing
Street ambitions had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing
with fellow heads of government at EU summits? I doubt it.
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation
for losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy
gets ever deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-
exchange in strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia.
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s
candidate to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.)
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make
new deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposing the basic flaw in Brexit,
which is that the sovereignty he so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in
Washington, Beijing or anywhere else.
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses
even to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain
had no need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still
needs.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-partnership-boris-johnson)
60. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct?
A) Britain has excluded the Chinese telecoms company from the Uk, starting this year.
B) The European leaders liked the idea of British Prime Minister taking defence cooperation
foreign policy and security off the table.
C) Tory MP’s and the American government put some pressure on the Prime Minister to
exclude the Chinese company.
D) According to White Hall, trade and security policy are intertwined.
E) Beijing doesn’t intend to retaliate aginst countries deemed hostile to Huawei.
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61. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative which has the sentence below
correctly reported.
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
The author
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain”
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained.
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained.
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) “As a result of that complacency, the UK does not
have a policy towards the EU” (paragraph 4). The highlighted expression can be replaced
by
A) in spite of.
B) furthermore.
C) due to.
D) moreover.
E) despite.
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7.1 GABARITO
1. C 19. C 37. D
2. C 20. B 38. B
3. B 21. A 39. D
4. B 22. D 40. C
5. A 23. A 41. C
6. B 24. C 42. D
7. A 25. A 43. D
8. D 26. A 44. C
9. B 27. A 45. E
10. D 28. B 46. E
11. D 29. C 47. C
12. B 30. B 48. D
13. A 31. D 49. C
14. C 32. A 50. C
15. B 33. C 51. C
16. A 34. E 52. A
17. B 35. D 53. A
18. D 36. D 54. D
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55. B 58. A 61. B
56. D 59. D 62. C
57. A 60. C
80
8. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS

Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
______ many people died, the Pilgrim settlement survived the winter because of help from
Indians who lived nearby. → Vemos, no trecho, que há uma oposição de ideias: apesar de
muitas pessoas terem morrido, o assentamento dos peregrinos sobreviveu ao inverno por
causa da ajuda dos índios que moravam nas proximidades.
e) Besides
Besides significa além disso. ERRADA.
f) Because
Because significa porque, por causa. ERRADA.
g) Although
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Although significa justamente apesar de, estabelecendo um contraste de ideias.
CORRETA.
h) Therefore
Therefore significa portanto, então, consequentemente. ERRADA.
Gabarito: C

Select the alternative in which the use of “so” does not express the result of an action:
a) I don’t have a nice dress, so I’m not going to the party tonight.
b) Water is running out, so people must save it as much as they can.
c) Lightning is dangerous to everybody, so a lot of people don’t worry about it.
d) There are weather balloons and satellites to help predict the weather, so meteorologists must
know how to use them in order to deliver precise forecasts.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação.
Eu não tenho um vestido legal, então não irei à festa hoje.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação. A
água está acabando , então as pessoas precisam economizar tanto quanto puderem.
A alternativa C está correta. Nessa alternativa, a palavra “so” introduz uma ação que não é o
resultado lógico daquilo que é dito anteriormente. Relâmpagos são perigosos para todos, então
muitas pessoas não se preocupam com isso. Perceba que a segunda parte não é uma
consequência lógica da primeira, já que seria natural que as pessoas se preocupassem com
relâmpagos pelo fato de serem perigosos.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação.
Há balões e satélites para ajudar a prever o tempo, então meteorologistas têm de saber como
usá-los para entregar previsões precisas.
GABARITO: C

Select the alternative that best completes the sentence below giving idea of comparison.
He is a good artist and he sings ____ a professional when he is on stage.
a) as
b) like
c) such
d) as if
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “as” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão pede
a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “as” tem a ideia de exemplificar.
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “like” é perfeita para preencher a lacuna, já que traz
exatamente a ideia comparação.
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A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “such” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão
pede a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “such” tem a ideia de exemplificar ou
intensificar.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “as if” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão pede
a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “as if” tem a ideia de exemplificar.
GABARITO: B
Read the text and answer questions 4 and 5.

Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska.
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity and
environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge
governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to protect our
environment and our future.
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org

‘in order to’, underlined in the text, is used to
a) give orders.
b) express purpose.
c) indicate personal opinion.
d) talk about a sequence of ideas.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de
algo ser feito, enquanto “give orders” significa dar ordens. Não podemos dizer que essa é uma
substituição satisfatória.
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de
algo ser feito, e “express purpose” significa expressar propósito. A alternativa define
perfeitamente o uso de “in order to”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de
algo ser feito, enquanto “indicate personal opinions” significa indicar opiniões pessoais. Não
podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de
algo ser feito, enquanto “talk about a sequence of ideas” significa falar sobre uma sequência de
ideais. Não podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória.
GABARITO: B

The sentence ‘It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals.’ means that
Greenpeace ________, except:
a) sole responsibility is to expose criminals.
b) exposes environmental criminals, among other things.
c) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, too.
d) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, as well.
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Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que é responsabilidade da organização expor criminosos
ambientais, mas a alternativa estabelece essa como sendo a única responsabilidade do
Greenpeace. Ao ler o texto, percebemos que a organização faz outras coisas além de expor
criminosos.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa ao usar a palavra “too”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa ao usar a expressão “as
well”.
GABARITO: A

The Bottom Line on Facebook Depression
Facebook, the most popular social media platform, does not make people more depressed on its
own. Instead, what the research shows is that Facebook – when used as a surveillance device –
leads to a greater risk of feelings of envy. And the more those feelings of envy increase, the
more likely it is for a person to start feeling depressed.
The key to stopping these feelings is to not use Facebook primarily as a surveillance method to
spy on your family and friends’ lives. Instead, use it as a social network where you share your
own information, photos and updates, as well as consume other’s updates and shares.
Healthy use of Facebook will protect you against the possibility of feeling more depressed after
using it. It’s a simple thing you can try for yourself – especially if you feel more envious after
checking Facebook.
Fonte: Psych Central – World of Psychology

In ‘(...) when used as a surveillance device (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that Facebook is used
for
a) updating the news.
b) keeping track of others.
c) exchanging the information between more people.
d) surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or opinions.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado
como mecanismo de vigilância. “updating the news” significa atualizar as notícias. As duas frases
não possuem relação de significação entre si.
A alternativa B está correta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado como
mecanismo de vigilância. “Keeping track of others” significa manter-se seguindo outras pessoas .
As duas frases têm o mesmo sentido de controlar a vida alheia.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado
como mecanismo de vigilância. “Exchanging the information between more people” significa
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trocar as informações entre mais pessoas. As duas frases não possuem relação de significação
entre si.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado
como mecanismo de vigilância. “surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or
opinions” significa pesquisar pessoas para descobrir suas atitudes ou opiniões. As duas frases
não possuem relação de significação entre si.
GABARITO: B
Read the fable and answer question 7.

The Crab and His Mother
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab
said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk straight.’ Baby Crab
replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight herself.
Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child.
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables

Change the sentence below into indirect speech. Baby Crab said to Mamma Crab, ‘Show me
how to walk straight (…).’
Baby Crab told _____ how to walk straight (…).
a) his mom to show
b) to his mom show
c) his mom showing
d) to his mom shows
Comentários:
O enunciado pede para que passemos a frase destacada para o discurso indireto. O discuso
direto é: o bebê carangueijo disse à mamãe carangueijo: “me mostre como andar reto (...)”.
Portanto, o discurso indireto seria: O bebê carangueijo disse à sua mãe para mostrar como
andar reto. Em Inglês, teríamos: Baby crab told his mom to show him how to walk straight. Na
minha opinião essa questão deveria ter sido anulada, pois nenhuma das alternativas mostra
essa opção e o verbo “show” é transitivo direto e indireto, o que quer dizer que não poderia ser
omitido o objeto indireto “him”. Mas, de qualquer forma, a alternativa mais próxima de estar
correta é a letra A.
GABARITO: A

The Marine’s Father
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside.
“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before
the patient’s eyes opened.
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young uniformed
Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his
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toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a message of love and
encouragement.
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the night the
young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering him
words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine move away and
rest awhile.
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her and of
the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of the night staff
members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other patients.
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held
tightly to his son all through the night.
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he had been
holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he waited.
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her.
“Who was that man?” he asked.
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered.
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied.
“I never saw him before in my life.”
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?”
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son
just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son,
knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.”
Author Unknown
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/)

The expression “ward”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to __________.
a) department
b) hospital
c) office
d) infirmary
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto
“department” significa departamento. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras
neste contexto.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto
“hospital” significa hospital. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste
contexto.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto
“office” significa escritório. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste
contexto.
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A alternativa D está correta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto
“infirmary” significa enfermaria. Portanto, há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste
contexto.
GABARITO: D

The Struggles of Our Life
Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and
that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the
time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed.
Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each
on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second
pot and ground coffee beans in the third pot. He then let them sit and boil without saying a word
to his daughter. The daughter moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing.
After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed
them in a bowl. He took the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. He then ladled the coffee out
and placed it in a cup.
Turning to her, he asked. “What do you see?” “Potatoes, eggs and coffee,” she hastily
replied.
“Look closer”, he said, “and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft.
He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the
hard-boiled egg.
Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face.
“Father, what does this mean?” she asked.
He explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same
adversity – the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently.
The potato went in strong, hard and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and
weak. The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in
the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard. However, the ground coffee beans
were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created
something new.
“Which one are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how
do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean?”
The moral of the story:
In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us. The only thing that truly matters
is your choice of how you react to it and what you make of it. Learn, adapt and choose to make
the best of each experience.
(Adapted from https://academictips.org/blogs/the-struggles-of-our-life/)
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In “In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us…” we can say that
________________.
a) This excerpt is talking abou the eggs, potatoes and coffe
b) Things in our life happen all the time and with everyone
c) Nothing happens in anyone’s life
d) Things in our life happen to us and no one else
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase dada não está falando sobre ovos, batatas e café, mas
sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o tempo todo e com todo mundo.
A alternativa B está correta. A frase dada nos infere que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o
tempo todo e com todo mundo, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não nos infere que nada acontece na vida de
ninguém, mas sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o tempo todo e com todo mundo.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não nos infere que as coisas na nossa vida
acontecem conosco e com mais ninguém, mas sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o
tempo todo e com todo mundo.
GABARITO: B

Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements.
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days.
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK.
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”,
due to a lack of staff and testing resources.
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he
added.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25)

In " , a chorus of voices is warning that another lockdown could have dire consequences ", the
word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to _____________ . Except:
a) terrible
b) bad
c) dreadful
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d) terrific
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “terrible” significa terrível.
Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “bad” significa ruim.
Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “dredful” significa terrível,
horrível. Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado.
A alternativa D está correta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “terrific” significa ótimo,
maravilhoso. Portanto, a alternativa apresenta uma ideia totalmente diferente do enunciado.
GABARITO: D

Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first
Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride.
The company said Tuesday that passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when
requesting their next ride.
The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said
in a blog post Tuesday.
Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being
reported by a driver.
Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy.
"We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global
head of safety product, in the blog post.
If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the
next time they go to request a ride.
The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to
determine whether a person is wearing a mask.
Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process."
For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation,
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a
removal.
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"We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations.
The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect
indefinitely.
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html)
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In “…to detect things like if someone is trying to
cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask…”. (paragraph 9), the
underlined expression can be replaced by
a) According to
b) Despite
c) In conclusion
d) For example
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não pode
ser substituída pela expressão “according to”, que significa de acordo com.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não pode
ser substituída pela palavra “despite”, que significa apesar.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não pode
ser substituída pela expressão “in conclusion”, que significa em conclusão.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e pode ser
substituída pela expressão “for example”, que significa por exemplo.
GABARITO: D
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to what the men said, he _____.
a) Agrees with the woman's method

b) Thinks she is exaggerating
c) Really wants to help the woman
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d) Feels sorry for the bug
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar
que ele concorda com o método da mulher, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando.
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, é correto afirmar que ele
pensa que ela está exagerando, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar
que ele quer muito ajudar a mulher, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar
que ele sente pena do inseto, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando.
GABARITO: B
Read the paragraph and answer questions 13 and 14.

Want to Relax? Try Yoga
Stress is ever present. Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience to
benefit from the practice. Whether you are at home, work or somewhere in between, yoga
is always here to help you relax.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/guides/well/yoga-stress?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=923786686&algo=random&imp_id=334157557&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtyp
e=Homepage&redirect=true)
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that
a) Yoga is an easy and practical way to relieve stress

b) Yoga needs a specific place for its realization
c) Yoga only works with a certain type of person
d) Yoga, although practical, needs prior knowledge for its realization
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o parágrafo, é correto afirmar que yoga é uma
forma fácil e prática de aliviar o estresse, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience…”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga
precisa de um local específico para sua realização, mas sim, que pode ser realizada em
qualquer lugar. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Whether you are at home, work or
somewhere in between, yoga is always here…”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga
só funciona com um certo tipo de pessoa, mas sim, que a yoga está sempre disponível para
nos ajudar a relaxar. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...yoga is always here to help
you relax”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga,
apesar de prática, precisa de um conhecimento prévio para sua realização, mas sim, que a
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yoga não precisa de experiência prévio. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “You don’t
need any prior experience to benefit from the practice”.
GABARITO: A
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Prior”, underlined in the paragraph, has the same
meaning as
a) Current
b) Later
c) Previous
d) Forward
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e não tem o mesmo
significado da palavra “current”, que significa atual.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e não tem o mesmo
significado da palavra “later”, que significa mais tarde.
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e tem o mesmo significado da
palavra “previous”, que significa anterior.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior não tem o mesmo
significado da palavra “forward”, que significa frente.
GABARITO: C
Read the text and answer questions 15, 16 and 17.

Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year.
Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured music
scene.
A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories
of a "dark time in history."
White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union Baptist
Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 26 March and 4
April.
Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and video
on Facebook of the first two churches burning.
All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because
they were torched at night.
A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year.
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of using fire
to commit a federal felony.
At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In a
plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black metal" music
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fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian churches in Norway were
attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre of heavy metal music.
In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence "should
send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction and violence".
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ________
a) Holden committed the crimes in order to hurt the religiosity of the people who attended
the churches
b) Holden committed the crimes in order to gain popularity in his group
c) Holden committed the crimes in order to reproduce his racial prejudice in a violent way
d) Holden committed the crimes in order to obey the rules that govern his favoured music
scene
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de ferir a religiosidade das pessoas que frequentavam as
igrejas, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within
his favoured music scene”.
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto inferir que Holden cometeu os
crimes com o intuito de ganhar popularidade em seu grupo, assim como esta opção indica.
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his
reputation within his favoured music scene”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de reproduzir seu preconceito racial de uma forma
violenta, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de obedecer às regras que regem seu grupo musical
favorito, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser
GABARITO: B
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response
a)Holden's attacks recalled events from a delicate moment in history

b)Holden’s attacks were carried out at moments in history that we refer to as dark
c)Holden's attacks were motivated by racial issues, following the premises of his group
d)Holden's attacks were not seen as related to attacks made during the civil rights era in
America
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que os ataques de
Holden relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história, assim como esta opção
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the attacks had not been
racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in history’”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques
de Holden foram realizados em momentos da história que nos referimos como sombrios,
mas sim, que relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but
said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in history’”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques
de Holden foram motivados por questões raciais, seguindo as premissas de seu grupo, mas
sim, que os ataques não foram racialmente motivados, mas evocaram memórias de um
tempo sombrio da história. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the
attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in
history’”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques
de Holden não foram vistos como relacionados aos ataques feitos da era dos direitos civis na
América, mas sim, que relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história, que é
esse momento sombrio da era dos direitos civis. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A
judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a
‘dark time in history’ … White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil
rights era”.
GABARITO: A
17. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, the attacks
a) Had many victims

b) Were not the first hate crime committed this year by Matthews
c) Besides having completely affected the churches, had fatal victims
d) Were not influenced by acts related to fans of the musical genre in which Matthews acted
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques tiveram muitas vítimas,
mas sim, que não tiveram vítimas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...but no-one was
injured because they were torched at night”.
A alternativa B está correta. É correto afirmar que os ataques não foram o primeiro crime de
ódio cometido por Matthews esse ano, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews
admitted to earlier this year. But he was found guilty of three counts of arson…”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques além de terem afetado
completamente as igrejas, tiveram vítimas fatais, mas sim, que destruiu as igrejas, porém,
não tiveram vítimas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “All three buildings were razed
to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because they were torched at night”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques não foram influenciados
por atos relacionados a fãs do gênero musical em que Matthews atuava, mas sim, que foram
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influenciados. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “In a plea hearing, he said he had
sought to emulate church burnings carried out by ‘black metal’ music fans in Norway in the
1990”.
GABARITO: B
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the woman’s attitude, she _______.
a) Didn’t want her husband’s company

b) Spread needles on the couch, purposely
c) Nailed a prank on her husband
d) Was surprised and not too concerned about what happened to her husband
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que
ela não queria a companhia de seu marido, mas sim, que ela queria. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “no, go right ahead, have a sit” (não, vá em frente, sente-se).
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que
ela espalhou agulhas pelo sofá, propositalmente, mas sim, que ela não sabia que a agulha
estava ali. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I’ve been looking all over for that needle”
(Eu estive procurando por essa agulha).
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que
ela pregou uma peça em seu marido, mas sim, que ela não sabia que a agulha estava ali. Isso
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I’ve been looking all over for that needle” (Eu estive
procurando por essa agulha).
A alternativa D está correta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, é correto afirmar que ela
ficou surpresa e não muito preocupada sobre o que aconteceu com seu marido. Isso pode
ser confirmado com o trecho “Oh, thanks! I’ve been looking all over for that needle”
(Obrigada! Eu estive procurando por essa agulha).
GABARITO: D
Read text to do questions 19 and 20 based on it.

Text I
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Social media ’destroying how society works'
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the
world. The executive is a man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________ Facebook in 2007
and ___________a vice president. He was responsible for increasing the number of users
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty about getting more people to use social
networks. He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's
behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to each other face to face. Today, people message each
other and do not talk. People also really care about what other people think of them. They post
photos and wait to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if people do not like
the photo.
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from social media so they can experience
real life. He wants people to value each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and thumbs-
up". Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world, it is becoming
easier for large websites to spread lies. It is also becoming easier to hurt other people online.
Anyone can hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other people. Palihapitiya said this
was a global problem. He is worried about social media so much that he has banned his children
from using it. However, he did state that Facebook was a good company. He said: "Of course, it's
not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the world."
19. (CN – 2018) Read the statements to check if they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I- An ex-Facebook boss said social media is damaging society.

II- It is becoming more difficult for big websites to spread fake news.
III- People message each other today instead of talking face to face.
IV- Palihapitiya said social media does not change our behavior.
Choose the option that respectively represents the statements above.
(A) F/T/T/F
(B) F/F/T/T
(C) T/F/T/F
(D) T/T/F/T
(E) F/F/F/T
Comentários:
A afirmativa I é verdadeira. O texto diz que ele chegou ao cargo de vice-presidente da empresa e
ele realmente diz que mídias sociais causam danos à sociedade. “A former Facebook executive
has said social media is doing great harm to society around the world”.
A afirmativa II é falsa. O texto diz que está ficando cada vez mais fácil, para os grandes sites,
difundir as fake news. “it is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies”.
A afirmativa III é verdadeira. O texto diz que 20 anos atrás, as pessoas conversavam pessoalmente,
mas que hoje as pessoas usam mensagens para se comunicar. “Twenty years ago, people talked
to each other face to face. Today, people message each other and do not talk”.
A afirmativa IV é falsa. O texto diz que as redes estão destruindo a sociedade porque alteram o
comportamento das pessoas. “He said the networks are destroying society because they are
changing people's behavior”.
GABARITO: C
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20. (CN – 2018) Mark the option in which there is NO Present Continuous Tense.
(A) A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the
world.
(B) He was responsible for increasing the number of users Facebook had.
(C) He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's behavior.
(D) Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world.
(E) It is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is doing”.
A alternativa B está correta. “increasing” não funciona como uma ação em andamento neste caso.
A preposição “for” exige que o verbo que a acompanha flexione para o gerúndio. No entanto, o
termo funciona como infinitivo na frase.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “are destroying”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is affecting”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is becoming”.
GABARITO: B
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 21 according to it.
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized
tests.
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why
the former is not the latter.
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight.
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we
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have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10
distinct intelligences.
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above
all, are effective.
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this?
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same
issues apply.
Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the
drawing boards’.
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence:
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others.
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up.
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful,
at best, and ill-conceived at worst.
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make
use of this information.
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(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet)
Glossary:
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for
teaching with objects.
21. (AFA – 2017) Choose the option that shows the indirect speech form for “These
distinctions are consequential.”.
Gardner
a) said that those distinctions were consequential.
b) told these distinctions are consequential.
c) said us these distinctions were consequential.
d) told those distinctions are consequential.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O discurso indireto pede que usemos os verbos no passado em
relação ao tempo verbal da frase original. Portanto, as palavras “said” e “were” foram
corretamente empregadas para designar o discurso indireto.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro está no uso de “are”. O verbo deveria estar no passado
(were).
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro está na palavra “us”. Não é possível afirmar quem estava
ouvindo o que Gardner disse.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez, o verbo está no presente quando, na verdade,
deveria estar no passado (were).
GABARITO: A

TEXT I
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back?
IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a
thing.
The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully
recovered his sense of smell.
Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more
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likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness
than fever.
For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food.
“So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.”
Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories.
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers.
What the nose knows
The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce.
Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic
functions of the system.”
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision
impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent.
It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways.
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia.
“It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.”
Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years.
Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared.
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An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.”
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/)
22. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the correct option.
a) Doctors claim that the virus causes long-term smell loss.

b) Doctors claim that the virus does not cause long-term smell loss.
c) Doctors affirm that the smell loss is inevitable for those who have been affected by the virus.
d) Doctors still don't know if the virus causes long-term smell loss
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que o vírus resulta em uma perda de
olfato a longo prazo, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de
olfato a longo prazo.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que o vírus não resulta em uma perda
de olfato a longo prazo, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que a perda de olfato é inevitável para
os afetados pelo vírus, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de
A alternativa D está correta. Os médicos afirmam que ainda não sabem se o vírus pode causar
perda de olfato a longo prazo.
GABARITO: D

TEXT I
Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of
running a fake news network
Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a
worldwide block on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are
under investigation for allegedly running a fake news network.
Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had
failed to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying
they were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside
Brazil.
Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal
liability for an employee in Brazil.
But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of
expression outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions
worldwide.” The company said it would appeal to the full court.
Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the
ability for the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”.
“People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and
Profiles even if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said.
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Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying
with his previous decision during the last eight days.
He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the
decision was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would
appeal, the targeted profiles were disabled.
Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices.
The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the
Supreme Court.
The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be
unblocked.
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/)
23. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text.
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with
a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down”
Choose the correct question for the sentence below.
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude?
b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes?
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice?
d) Were the accounts blocked?
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes?
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A frase dada indica que a pergunta se referia ao relato do Supremo
sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia especificamente
à primeira atitude de Facebook com relação a ordem do supremo, mas sim ao relato do
Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia a resposta final
do Facebook ao Supremo, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia ao
bloqueamento das contas, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se refere a quem é
Alexandre de Moraes, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook.
GABARITO: A
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II.

TEXT II
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”.
Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis.
Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-coloured
housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa, a 38-year-
old cleaner.
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This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a swift
descent from struggle into crisis.
Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus cases
began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her husband, a
driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-thirds because
the staff he had been driving were working from home.
“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things.
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she
says.
In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems over
the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown, they are
better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain are more
profound.
“Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,” she
says.
Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with rising
fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200 naira
(£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go back and
forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children alone.
For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many
people were already in difficulty.
The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium
and small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the
programs are likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively target
those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be financially
excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to identify poorer
citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring help.
Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted
to contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated that
unemployment could rise by half to 33%.
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels
inexplicable.
Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says, “but
we’re all fine.”
A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have not
been adapted to the realities for working people.
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Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago.
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get customers but
I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.”
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-
see-suffering)
24. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The expression “We don’t see any virus but we see
suffering" means.
a) That they actually see the suffering, not the virus.
b) That they don’t have any cases there, just the suffering as a result of the situation.
c) That they experience both, but the suffering is more relevant than the virus.
d) That they don’t experience any pandemic effects.
e) That there is no virus or suffering in Africa.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering"
não significa que as pessoas realmente veem o sofrimento e não o vírus, mas sim experenciam os
dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering"
não significa que eles não têm nenhum caso e só sofrem como um resultado da situação, mas sim
experenciam os dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus.
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering"
significa que eles experenciam os dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus, assim
como afirma esta opção.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering"
não significa que eles não experienciam nenhum efeito da pandemia, mas sim experenciam os
dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering"
não significa que não há virus ou sofrimento na Africa, mas sim experenciam os dois, porém o
sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus.
GABARITO: C
Observe this comic strip to do item 25
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837)
104
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home

b) He is helping just enough at home
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife
d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house
e) He was cleaning the house
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. Sobre Earl, é correto afirmar que ele pensa que está ajudando o
suficiente em casa, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele está ajudando o
suficiente em casa, mas sim, que ele apenas pensa isso.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não colaborou com
sua esposa, mas sim, que ele fez o que ela pediu, ou seja, colaborou.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não se importa em
ajudar em casa, mas sim, que ele se importa e pensa que ajuda.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele estava limpando a
casa, mas sim, que ele estava sentado no sofá.
GABARITO: A

“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice.
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the desk
allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on his
flawless lips. But his eyes were careful.
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last
week. You must be Bella Swan.”
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say.
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered.
He laughed a soft laugh.
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.”
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43

According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella
[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable.
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward.
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica que ela
não esperava que Edward a abordasse.
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica que
ela não esperava que Edward a abordasse. Portanto, não se pode dizer que ela estava
confortável.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria fazer
amizade com Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria falar com
Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela se sentiu ofendida pela
abordagem de Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele.
GABARITO: A

Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving
banners and placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and
pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious
neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor,
but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal
process.
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were
good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy
down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits,
but then those stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as the country
deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession
entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I
have no idea where else to go”, she says.
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to
action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of People Affected by
Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent
banks and authorities from eviction because of the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the
banks and authorities of “real estate terrorism”.
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the “Indignados”.
Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. “The
15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal
conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or
fashion.”
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police,
insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an
impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay - for a while, at least. For
those working to stop Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and temporary victory.
For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html
106
According to the text, Rocio
[A] moved to Spain when there were many jobs there.
[B] was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain.
[C] is getting benefits from Spain’s government nowadays.
[D] had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain.
[E] has the best job in Spain nowadays.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que Rocio se mudou para a Espanha em 2003, quando
havia abundância de empregos no país, exatamente como diz a alternativa.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que está havendo uma epidemia de despejos no país
por conta da crise econômica. Portanto, não se pode dizer que Rocio foi a única pessoa afetada
pela crise na Espanha.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que ela recebeu benefícios do governo durante algum
tempo, mas que esses benefícios acabaram. Poranto, não podemos dizer que ela ainda recebe
esses benefícios.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não diz que ela tinha dois trabalhos no Equador, mas sim
que ela tinha dois trabalhos na Espanha antes da crise.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz que Rocio não possui emprego algum hoje em dia,
muito menos o melhor dos empregos.
GABARITO: A

Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes
following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and
development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the
security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of
top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by
superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both
competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward
operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of
military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can
have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life
of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down
assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from
subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be
impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and
regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs.
The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers
107
to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside
the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a
commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say
you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General
Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that
the two situations described in the paragraph
[A] have similar elements. [B] have opposite elements.
[C] have identical elements. [D] have chronological elements.
[E] have unbelievable elements.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have similar elements” quer dizer que os elementos são similares,
e não contrários entre si.
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma coisa
é o contrário da outra. “Have opposite elements” quer dizer que os elementos são opostos,
exatamente a mesma ideia de “conversely”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have identical elements” quer dizer que os elementos são
idênticos, e não contrários entre si.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have chronological elements” quer dizer que os elementos são
cronológicos, e não contrários entre si.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have unbelievable elements” quer dizer que os elementos são
inacreditáveis, e não contrários entre si.
GABARITO: B

Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in
the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near
Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was
finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see
him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades.
“I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am
very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One
emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
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Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed
search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been
officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now
alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching.
They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders
from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as
proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer,
Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda
and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him
for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and
other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years.
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his country after the war ended.
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times.
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972.
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang.
[A] III and V are correct.
[B] I and II are correct.
[C] I and IV are correct.
[D] I and III are correct
[E] All of them are correct.
Comentários:
A afirmativa I está correta. O texto diz que ele ficou na floretsa por 29 anos após o fim da guerra
recusando-se a render-se, exatamente como diz a afirmativa.
A afirmativa II está incorreta. O texto diz que o Japãoprocurou por ele em diferentes ocasiões.
Portanto, não se pode dizer que o país o abandonou na selva depois que a guerra terminou.
A afirmativa III está incorreta. O texto diz que, nesses 29 anos que ele passou na selva, ele nunca
se rendeu ou quis voltar pra casa, diferentemente do que diz a afirmativa.
A afirmativa IV está correta. O texto diz que a última pessoa que restava com ele foi morta pela
polícia local em 1972. Então, podemos afirmar que ele tinha outro soldado com ele até 1972.
A afirmativa V está incorreta. O texto diz que as pessoas de Lubang não gostavam dele porque
ele matou 30 pessoas durante sua campanha lá.
GABARITO: C

We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
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Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant
when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I
have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning,
probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my
modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation –
a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves
distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a
shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call
for help from a professional handyman or tailor.
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow
our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these
things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language
and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate
information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but
are also able to act for themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless

In the sentence “Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills.”
(paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by
[A] however
[B] in addition to
[C] to the exclusion of
[D] though
[E] as a result of
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “however”
significa entretanto.
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, exatamente como “in
addition to”, que significa adicionalmente.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “to the
exclusion of” significa à exclusão de.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “though”
significa apesar.
110
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “as a result of”
significa como resultado de.
GABARITO: B

Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city,
Ethel Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay
well fed.
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in
their fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residents work as runners, carrying food
down to cook and then up again to feed people.
Even though the power is back, they still need help.
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.”
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140
miles an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a
city of more than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses
sustained damage, trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are
overrun.
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs
for critical infrastructure.
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them
back into a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity
about what the future holds.
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski,
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents,
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running.
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct statement.
[A] Iowans were suffering from hunger five days after the storm.
[B] The storm left 125,000 people homeless.
[C] Iowans are in a tough situation but they know things will go back to normal quickly.
[D] Gov. Reynolds said the Iowans have gone through something impossible to imagine.
[E] Five days after the end of the storm, people were able to live their normal lives without
major problems.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto diz que ninguém passou fome, diferentemente do que diz
a alternativa.
111
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que a tempestade afetou uma cidade com 125 mil
habitantes, e não que todos eles ficaram sem suas casas.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que os cidadãos não sabem quando as coisas voltarão
ao normal, contrariamente ao que diz a alternativa.
A alternativa D está correta. O governador disse que os habitantes do estado de Iowa passaram
por algo inimaginável, exatamente como diz a alternativa.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz que as pessoas ainda não sabem quando poderão
normalizar suas vidas, enquanto a alternativa diz que elas já haviam normalizado suas rotinas
após 5 dias da passagem da tempestade pelo local.
GABARITO: D

Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst
effects.
Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark some
of Covid-19’s worst symptoms.
“I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of poor
outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist at
Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the
predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in
combination.”
But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s
risk of severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only
beginning to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape
are five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis.
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html)
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr.
Stephanie
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in
good consequences
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung
problems
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung
problems
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs
Comentários:
112
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com a sentença dada, é correto afirmar que a Dr.
Stephanie tem certeza de que problemas nos pulmões e sintomas predominantes da COVID-
19 não irão resultar em boas consequências, assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza sobre o que iria acontecer se alguém com problemas no
pulmão, pegasse a COVID-19, mas sim, que ela tem certeza de que essas duas coisas não irão
resultar em uma boa combinação.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que os sintomas predominantes da COVID-19 não serão
afetados por problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que esses sintomas são predominantemente
respiratórios e, provavelmente, se agravariam com algum problema no pulmão.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que ela ainda não pode afirmar sobre os efeitos da COVID-19
em alguém com problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que ela afirmou que essas duas coisas não
combinariam, ou seja, não seriam bons efeitos.
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza se fumar ou vaporizar são ruins para o pulmão, mas sim, que
eles são ruins para o pulmão e isso já está claro.
GABARITO: A

Coronavirus: Russian vaccine shows signs of immune response
Russian scientists have published the first report on their coronavirus vaccine, saying early tests
showed signs of an immune response.
The report published by medical journal The Lancet said every participant developed
antibodies to fight the virus and had no serious side effects.
Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August, the first country to do so and before data
had been published.
Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and safety.
But Moscow has hailed ___(1) results as an answer to critics. Some Western experts have
raised concerns about the speed of Russia's work, suggesting that researchers might be cutting
corners.
Last month, President Vladimir Putin said ___(2) vaccine had passed all the required checks and
that one ___(3) his own daughters had been given it.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54036221)
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct
statement
a) Russia’s vaccine wasn’t questioned by anyone

b) The President Vladimir Putin stated that the vaccine wasn’t reliable
c) Despite the President’s speech, professionals questioned the efficiency of Russia’s work
d) Nobody has had the vaccine yet
113
e) Although not everyone developed antibodies in the testing phase, the vaccine was
released in August in Russia
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a vacina
russa não foi criticada por ninguém, mas sim, que foi criticada por experts. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and
safety”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o presidente
Vladimir Putin afirmou que a vacina não era confiável, mas sim, que a mesma passou por
todos os testes requeridos. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “President Vladimir Putin
said the vaccine had passed all the required checks…”
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que apesar da fala do
presidente, profissionais questionaram a eficiência do trabalho da Rússia, assim como esta
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Experts say the trials were too small to
prove effectiveness and safety”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que ninguém
tomou a vacina ainda, mas sim, que, pelo menos, uma das filhas do presidente Vladimir
Putin já foram vacinadas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…that one of his own
daughters had been given it”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que apesar de
nem todo terem desenvolvido anticorpos na fase de testes, a vacina foi lançada em agosto
na Rússia, mas sim, que todos desenvolveram anticorpos nos testes. Isso pode ser
confirmado com o trecho “…every participant developed antibodies to fight the virus and had
no serious side effects”.
GABARITO: C
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 34

Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson: Actor and family had Covid-19
The former wrestler, who is now the world's highest-paid actor, said he, his wife and two
daughters caught the virus despite being "disciplined" about health protection.
He said the positive tests were "a kick in the gut".
Now, he added: "We're on the other end of it and no longer contagious. Thank God, we're
healthy."
Johnson and his family live in the US, which has recorded more than 6.1 million coronavirus
cases and over 185,700 deaths linked to the disease.
The actor, 48, said he and his wife Lauren, 35, and their daughters Jasmine and Tiana,
aged four and two, contracted the virus about two-and-a-half weeks ago.
The American-Canadian actor said his daughters had exhibited mild symptoms, explaining
they "had a sore throat for the first couple of days, but other than that they bounced back and
it's been life as normal".
"But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I," Johnson said. He said he and his wife
"had a rough go" - without detailing his exact symptoms - but together they "got through it as a
family".
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Johnson said they caught the virus from "very close family friends" who, in turn, had no
idea how they had been infected.
"I can tell you that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have
ever had to endure as a family," Johnson said in a video posted to his Instagram account.
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, Dwayne Johnson
a) And his family weren’t affected by the coronavirus

b) And his wife had an asymptomatic infection
c) Did not experience difficulties in his infection period
d) And his family contracted the coronavirus because of a careless routine
e) And his family, despite discipline, were infected with the coronavirus
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne
Johnson e sua família não foram afetados pelo corona vírus, mas sim, que foram afetados
pelo mesmo. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I can tell you that this has been one of
the most challenging and difficult things we have ever had to endure as a family…”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne
Johnson e sua mulher tiveram uma infecção assintomática, mas sim, que eles tiveram uma
experiencia difícil com o vírus por conta dos sintomas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o
trecho “But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I … had a rough go”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne
Johnson não teve dificuldades em seu período de infecção, mas sim, que ele e sua família
experenciaram um momento difícil. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I can tell you
that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have ever had to
endure as a family”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne
Johnson e sua família contraíram o corona vírus por conta de uma rotina descuidada, mas
sim, que eles realizaram todas as medidas de proteção de forma disciplinada, mas, apesar
disso, contraíram o vírus. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...caught the virus despite
being ‘disciplined’ about health protection”.
A alternativa E está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que Dwayne Johnson
e sua família, apesar da disciplina, foram infectados com o corona vírus, assim como esta
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…he, his wife and two daughters
caught the virus despite being ‘disciplined’ about health protection”.
GABARITO: E
35. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below, respectively.
“______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to
the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who
amused him.”
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(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.)
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that

( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which
( c ) In / who / instead / whom
( d ) At / whom / because / who
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which
Comentários:
“___at___ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over
to the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old
bachelor, ___whom___ the outside world called selfish, ___because___ it derived no
particular benefit from him, but ___who___ was considered generous by Society as he fed
the people who amused him.”
Ao citar horário, deve-se utilizar a preposição “at”.
A segunda lacuna funciona como objeto direto deslocado do verbo “called”. Neste caso,
“whom” é a variação de “who” que funciona como objeto, já que “who” exerce função de
sujeito.
A terceira lacuna apresenta uma justificativa para o fato dele ser chamado de egoísta
(selfish), consequentemente “because” é a melhor alternativa para preencher esta lacuna.
A quarta lacuna retoma “Lord Fermor”, portanto, “who” é a opção mais adequada para
preencher a lacuna e retomar o nome citado anteriormente.
Temos a sequência: at / whom / because / who.
GABARITO: D
36. (EFOMM – 2017) All the sentences below are correct, EXCEPT:
( a ) Carefully, she laid the papers on the table and left the room.
( b ) These children are very badly brought up. They are always shouting and fighting each
other.
( c ) We looked at lots of different makes of car but, in the end it was a question of price.
( d ) The train is my favorite way of transport.
( e ) The road out of our village goes up a steep hill.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua
inglesa. “Carefully, she laid (deitou/repousou) the papers on the table and left (deixou/foi
embora) the room.”
A alternativa B está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua
inglesa. “These children are very badly (de forma ruim) brought up (“to bring up a child” =
criar uma criança, ensinar uma criança a se comportar”). They are always shouting
(gritando) and fighting (brigando) each other (umas com as outras).”
A alternativa C está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua
inglesa. “We looked at lots of (muitos) different makes (marcas/fabricantes) of car but, in
the end (no final) it was a question of price.”
A alternativa D está incorreta. O “the” no início desta frase é incorreto, pois é um artigo
definido, ou seja, ao usar o “the” antes de “train”, estamos dizendo que aquele trem
específico é meu meio de transporte preferido, ao invés de dizer que trens são meus meios
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de transporte preferidos. Além disso, ao falar em meios de transporte, devemos dizer “way
of transportation”, e não “way of transport” como dito na alternativa. “Way of transport”
significa: via de transporte, e não meio de transporte.
A alternativa E está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua
inglesa. “The road (rua) out of our village (saindo da nossa vila) goes up (sobe) a steep hill
(Encosta/colina íngreme).”
GABARITO: D
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates
NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in
England.
"How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker,"
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker.
Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase.
"There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S.
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission.
"The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after
several attempts to stop the vessel."
Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates.
The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory.
"When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue."
The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and
witnesses to court.
Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count.
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09)
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37. (EFOMM – 2010) "The economic downturn has affected many households in the United
States. U.S. homeowners have continued investing their money in the stock market
though". The underlined connective expresses the idea of:
(A) conclusion
(B) time
(C) emphasis
(D) contrast
(E) addition
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de
conclusão, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração
econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os proprietários dos EUA
continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de
tempo, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração
A alternativa C está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de
ênfase, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração
A alternativa D está correta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e expressa a ideia de
contraste, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A
desaceleração econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os
proprietários dos EUA continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de
adição, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração
GABARITO: D
38. (EFOMM – 2010) "She has tried to reach them four times on the phone without success.
Hence she needs to write them as her last option." The underlined connective expresses
the idea of:
(A) addition
(B) conclusion
(C) enumeration
(D) contrast
(E) concession
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de adição, mas
sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. Por
isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”.
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) expressa a ideia de conclusão, assim
como esta opção indica. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso.
Por isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de enumeração,
mas sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de constraste,
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de concessão,
GABARITO: B
39. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences:
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door.
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it.
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative.
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty.
(A) Like / although / despite / as soon as

(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as
(C) Since / even though / although / unless
(D) As / once / although / unless
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if
Comentários:
A primeira sentença deve ser preenchida com “as” (enquanto), ou seja, a frase deve ser escrita
da seguinte forma: “A stranger came into the hall as he opened the front door” (Um estranho
entrou no corredor enquanto abria a porta da frente).
A segunda sentença deve ser preenchida com “once” (uma vez que), ou seja, a frase deve ser
escrita da seguinte forma: “Once you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you
can do about it” (Uma vez que você começa a olhar para o problema, não há quase nada que
você possa fazer a respeito).
A terceira sentença deve ser preenchida com “although” (apesar), ou seja, a frase deve ser
escrita da seguinte forma: “Although extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was
found of any relative” (Embora na época tenham sido feitas extensas investigações, nenhum
parente foi encontrado).
A quarta sentença deve ser preenchida com “unless” (a menos que), ou seja, a frase deve ser
escrita da seguinte forma: “You cannot be put on probation unless you are guilty” (Você não
pode ser colocado em liberdade condicional a menos que seja culpado).
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GABARITO: D
40. (EFOMM – 2010) “People believe that saving money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless,
enjoying life also involves spending money on things that make you feel happy and
accomplished.” The underlined connective could be replaced with:
(A) Thus
(B) Moreover
(C) Still
(D) Therefore
(E) Furthermore
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser
substituída por “thus”, que significa “assim”.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser
substituída por “moreover”, que significa “além disso”.
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e poderia ser
substituída por “still”, que significa “ainda”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser
substituída por “therefore”, que significa “portanto”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser
substituída por “furthermore”, que significa “além disso”.
GABARITO: C
Text II
Based on the text below, answer question 41
Pidgins and creoles
Pidgin Languages
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins
have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited
vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions,
compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but
they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus
of interest to those who study the way languages change.
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk,
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins
are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their
own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as
languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and
uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and
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shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis
on processes of change is reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization.
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result
only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia,
where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European
pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another
is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa.
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes
for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns
the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin
French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin
English which appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as
the war was over. But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca,
or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century.
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given
official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’,
because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users,
and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these
languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of
their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian
Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the
most widely used language in the country.
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344).

According to the text,
a) Krio, Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama are now considered lingua francas.
b) the terms pidginization and creolization are used to describe a formal language that turns
into a pidgin.
c) there are few exceptions to the fact that pidgin languages don’t last long.
d) it would be ideal that pidgins disappear so people would only speak formal languages.
e) people who use pidgins as their native language are a major focus of interest to those who
study the way languages change.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não diz que esses pidgins são considerados línguas
francas. O texto apenas diz que esses pidgins são muito utlizados em seus países de origem.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto não diz que línguas formais se transformam em pidgins,
mas sim que essas línguas dão origem a pidgins.
A alternativa C está correta. O texto afirma que, normalmente, um pidgin não dura muito
tempo, raramente chegando a durar um século, mas o texto afirma que há exceções, citando
uma língua franca meditarrânea para exemplificar.
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não fala, em momento algum, que seria bom ou ideal
que os pidgins desaparecessem. Essa alternativa extrapola o possível entendimento do texto.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa é citar pessoas que têm um pidgin como
língua nativa, pois o texto afirma que um pidgins não é língua nativa de ninguém.
GABARITO: C

Which option is correct?
a) She needs a lot of motivations to go running everyday.
b) He paid the taxes to the airline company to take extra luggage.
c) People should always wear preservatives in order not to get sexually transmitted diseases.
d) They actually used to use beautiful fabric costumes to take terrific pictures on halloween.
e) She loves to watch all episodes of her favorite novels on television.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto dizer “a lot of motivations”, seria correto dizer “a
lot of motivation”, pois motivation é um substantivo incontável, ou seja, não tem plural.
A alternativa B está incorreta. É incorreto utilizar a palavra “taxes” para falar de taxas. A
palavra correta na Língua Inglesa para taxas é “fees”.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso da palavra “preservatives”
que significa conservantes, e não preservativos. A forma correta de escrever seria “wear a
condom”, pois essa é a palavra que designa preservativos sexuais em inglês.
A alternativa D está correta. Essa alternativa possui vários falsos cognatos, e todos estão sendo
usados de maneira correta. Eles, na verdade, costumavam usar lindas fantasias de tecido para
tirar fotos maravilhosas no halloween.
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto usar “novels” para falar de novelas de TV. Em
inglês, usamos a expressão soap opera para tratar desse tipo de programa televisivo. “Novel” é
a palavra usada para falar de romance literário.
GABARITO: D

Which of the following sentences expresses possibility?
a) She can speak German.
b) He must do the housework before his mother arrives.
c) You should eat some fruit in order to get healthier.
d) He might go to the beach tomorrow morning.
e) You would be stronger if you worked out at the gym.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ela consegue falar alemão. Não há ideia de
possibilidade na frase, mas sim de capacidade.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ele tem que fazer o trabalho doméstico
antes que sua mãe chegue. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, mas sim de obrigação.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A alternativa diz que você deveria comer frutas para ficar mais
saudável. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, mas sim de aconselhamento.
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A alternativa D está correta. Pode ser que ele vá à praia amanhã de manhã. Esta frase nos passa
a ideia de possibilidade que o enunciado nos pede. Há a possibilidade de ele ir à praia.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A alternativa diz que você seria mais forte se malhasse na
academia. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, já que a palavra “would” está sendo usada
para estabelecer uma consequência do fato de se malhar na academia.
GABARITO: D

“It’s believed that having a lot of money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, enjoying life also
involves spending time with family and dear friends.” The underlined connective could be
replaced with:
(A) Thus
(B) Moreover
(C) Still
(D) Therefore
(E) Furthermore
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto
“thus” significa portanto. A substituição não seria adequada.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto
“moreover” significa além disso, além do mais. A substituição não seria adequada.
A alternativa C está correta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, exatamente o
mesmo significado de “still”, que significa mesmo assim, ou ainda assim. A substituição seria
perfeita.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto
“therefore” significa portanto. A substituição não seria adequada.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto
“furthermore” significa além disso, além do mais. A substituição não seria adequada.
GABARITO: C
Text II
Based on the text below, answer question 45.
Brazil has recorded more than 100,000 deaths linked to Covid-19, the world's second-highest
figure, as the outbreak in the country shows no sign of easing.
The virus killed 50,000 people in three months, but that number doubled in just 50 days. There
have been more than three million confirmed cases so far.
The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and restaurants have already reopened.
President Jair Bolsonaro has downplayed the impact of the virus and opposed measures that
could hit the economy.
The far-right leader, who caught the disease himself and recovered, fought restrictions imposed
by state governors to curb Covid-19, and has frequently joined crowds of supporters, at times
without a face mask.
Experts have complained of a lack of a co-ordinated plan by the Bolsonaro government as local
authorities now focus on restarting the economy, which is likely to boost the spread of the virus.
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How is Brazil responding to the crisis?
The health ministry is being led by an army general with no experience in public health. Two
earlier ministers, both physicians, left the job after disagreeing with the president over social
distancing measures and the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment, though studies say it is
ineffective and even dangerous.
President Bolsonaro - who has called Covid-19 a "little flu" and has been criticised at home and
abroad for his response to the outbreak - said he recovered from his own infection thanks to the
anti-malarial drug.
"We should be living in despair, because this is a tragedy like a world war. But Brazil is under
collective anaesthesia," Dr José Davi Urbaez, a senior member of the Infectious Diseases Society,
told Reuters news agency.
"The government's message today is: 'Catch your coronavirus and if it's serious, there is
intensive care.' That sums up our policy today."
Brazil has had 100,477 virus-related deaths and 3,012,412 cases, according to the health
ministry, though the numbers are believed to be much higher because of insufficient testing.
Only the United States has higher figures.
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53712087

Read the text and mark the correct option.
(A) Physicians agree with President Bolsonaro about COVID-19’s treatment.
(B) Local authorities are carrying out an organised economy restart.
(C) Brazil’s new cases curve is slowly flattening.
(D) Social distancing is being kept at all costs in Brazil.
(E) The worst part of the Pandemic in Brazil is yet to come.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não diz que médicos concordam com o Presidente
Bolsonaro acerca do tratamento da COVID-19. O texto diz que dois ministros, que eram
médicos, já saíram do cargo por discordar dele.
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que especialistas estão reclamando pelo fato de a
reabertura econômica não estar sendo organizada, o contrário do que diz a alternativa.
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que o pico da doença ainda está por vir no Brasil,
Portanto, não podemos dizer que a curva de novos casos no Brasil está vagarosamente
achatando.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que o distanciamento social não está sendo
respeitado no Brasil, e não que ele está sendo mantido a todo custo.
A alternativa E está correta. O texto, de fato, diz que o pico da pandemia ainda está por vir no
país. Isso é evidenciado no seguinte trecho: “The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and
restaurants have already reopened”.
GABARITO: E
TEXT III
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way
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The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like.
But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky
relationship with the US.
Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __46__ me that a Joe Biden presidency would
be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would be seen as
"unpredictable".
And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking.
One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay.
Here are three things that are worring Chinese companies the most about the next US
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves:
Decoupling
This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China.
Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business
relations with China.
Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains out
of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like TikTok and
Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones.
Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", __47__
Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas lobby group.
"The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our technology
being stolen," he said.
But decoupling isn't that simple.
While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing business
with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-sufficiency in
some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence.
"There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need to do to
protect their interests."
Delisting
As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to comply
with new rules on auditing.
If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned.
While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban,
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay.
"A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq Dennison,
a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management.
125
'"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change anytime
soon."
While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are looking
to float in the future.
Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group that
this week filed for an IPO.
Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its shares instead of the US.
__48__ other Chinese companies are likely to follow suit, as tensions between the US and
China get worse.
Deglobalisation
China has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. It
has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, the bedrock
upon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based.
But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration argues
that China has become richer while the US has become poorer.
During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after the
election.
"The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads the
latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a large extent
reset the China-US relationship."
One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world.
If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get in
a fight - or at least not open conflict.
A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired missiles
into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway.
The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but
for the rest of us too.
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-reporting-story)
a) Will tell
b) Is telling
c) Had been telling
d) Will be telling
e) Have told
Comentários:
126
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future simple (will
tell – vai dizer), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter dito) pois a frase se
refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no present
continuous (is telling – está dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter
dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no past perfect
continuous (had been telling – estava dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have
told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future continuous
(will be telling – estará dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter dito)
pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado.
A alternativa E está correta. A lacuna em questão pede um verbo no past participle (have
told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado, assim como
esta opção indica.
GABARITO: E
a) Nevertheless
b) Despite
c) According to
d) As well as
e) Accordingly
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “nevertheless” (mesmo assim) não se
encaixa corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com).
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “despite” (apesar) não se encaixa
corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com).
A alternativa C está correta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a
pessoa que fez a fala anterior como, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com), assim
como esta opção indica.
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “as well as” (assim como) não se encaixa
corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com).
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, o advérbio “accordingly” (adequadamente) não se
encaixa corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com).
GABARITO: C
127
a) According to
b) Each time fewer
c) Meanwhile
d) Increasingly
e) And
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a preposição “according to”
(de acordo com), mas sim, uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e
que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão
seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais).
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a conjunção “each time fewer”
(cada vez menos), mas sim, uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e
que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão
seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais).
A alternativa D está correta. A lacuna em questão pede uma conjunção que liga a frase
anterior com a frase posterior, e que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez
mais as empresas chinesas vão seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada
vez mais), assim como esta opção indica.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a conjunção “and” (e), mas sim,
uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e que indique o que a frase
anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão seguir o que as outras
fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais).
GABARITO: D
Discovery
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the bacteria-killing properties of penicillin while conducting
research at St. Mary’s Hospital in London in 1928. Upon returning to his disorganized lab from a
weekend vacation, Fleming noticed that one of the Petri dishes was uncovered and a blue-green
mold was growing inside. Rather than tossing the contaminated dish into the trash, he looked
carefully and observed that the mold had killed bacteria growing nearby. Quite by accident
Fleming had discovered penicillin, the antibiotic released by the mold of the genus Penicillium.
Alexander Fleming was well acquainted with the treatment of bacterial infections after spending
World War I as a captain in the British Medical Corps. He witnessed firsthand the lack of
medicine to treat infections, with disease causing approximately one third of military deaths
during the Great War. Despite its historical significance, Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928
brought little attention. The technology and funding needed to isolate and produce the
antibiotic was unavailable at the time. Fleming, however, continued to grow the Penicillium
notatum strain in his lab for twelve years, distributing it to scientists and saving the specimen
for someone willing and able to transform the “mold juice” into a medicine suitable for human
use.
Purification and Trials
___49____, Australian scientist Howard Florey hired Ernst Chain to help with his microbiology
research at Oxford University. Florey and Chain were interested in Alexander Fleming’s work
and in 1938, began studying the antibacterial properties of mold. Chain began by purifying and
128
concentrating the penicillin “juice” through a complex and tiring process of freeze drying the
product repeatedly. This slow and relatively inefficient process was improved upon by another
researcher, Norman Heatley, who purified the penicillin by adjusting the acidity, or pH.
To their great excitement, Florey’s team successfully cured infected mice with penicillin on May
25, 1940. Heatley oversaw the trials and recorded in his diary, “After supper with some friends, I
returned to the lab and met the professor to give a final dose of penicillin to two of the mice.
The 'controls' were looking very sick, but the two treated mice seemed very well. I stayed at the
lab until 3:45am, by which time all four control animals were dead.” Delirious with excitement,
Heatley returned home early that morning, surprised to find that he had put his underpants on
backwards in the dark! The usually mild-mannered Heatley noted in his journal, “It really looks
as if penicillin may be of practical importance.”
Mass Production
Florey and Chain’s report about the mouse trials drew great interest from both scientific and
military communities. World War II was well underway in Europe and the ability to combat
disease and infection could mean the difference between victory and defeat. Because British
facilities were manufacturing other drugs needed for the war effort in Europe, Florey and
Heatley travelled to the U.S. in July of 1941 to continue research and seek help from the
American pharmaceutical industry. They convinced four drug companies, Merck, E. R. Squibb &
Sons, Charles Pfizer & Co., and Lederle Laboratories, to aid in the production of penicillin.
Florey and Heatley ended up in Peoria, Illinois to work with researchers who had perfected the
fermentation process necessary for growing penicillin. The researchers in Peoria used corn
instead of glucose, or simple sugar, as the nutrient source, and the penicillin grew approximately
500 times more than it had in England! The team searched for more productive strains of
Penicillium notatum, finding the best specimen growing on an over-ripe cantaloupe in a Peoria
grocery store.
Meanwhile, penicillin was used to cure the first human bacterial infection, proving to
researchers the vital importance of the drug to save lives. But, that one cure used up the entire
supply of penicillin in the entire U.S! Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,
1941, it was clear to scientists and military strategists that a combined effort was needed to
produce the large amounts of penicillin needed to win the war. A total of 21 U.S. companies
joined together, producing 2.3 million doses of penicillin in preparation of the D-Day invasion of
Normandy. Penicillin quickly became known as the war’s “miracle drug,” curing infectious
disease and saving millions of lives. In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, Sir Howard
Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery of penicillin
and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.” We have modern antibiotics today
because scientists and drug companies worked together to solve a problem.
(Adapted from https://www.nationalww2museum.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/thanks-to-penicillin-lesson.pdf) Acesso em: 03/04/2020.

A) In another time
B) Far from there
C) Meanwhile
D) Somewhere
E) Somehow
129
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “In another time” significaria em outro momento, nesse contexto,
mas o texto sugere que as coisas aconteceram de forma simultânea. Ao longo do parágrafo, fica
claro que Florey e Chain se interessam pelo trabalho de Fleming enquanto ele ainda estava em
andamento.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Far from there” significa longe dali e não preenche a lacuna de
forma satisfatória. Primeiro porque a lacuna sugere algo que dê noção temporal e não espacial.
Segundo porque essa informação não se concretiza, pois logo em seguida é dito no texto que
eles faziam pesquisa n auniversidade de Oxford, que não é longe de londres.
A alternativa C está correta. “Meanwhile” significa enquanto isso e se encaixa perfeitamente na
lacuna, pois oferece a noção de tempo simultâneo que o texto nos sugere acontecer.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Somewhere” significa em algum lugar, e não oferece a noção de
tempo simultâneo que o texto nos sugere existir, apenas uma noção de espaço que até se
encaixaria gramaticalmente no texto, mas prejudicaria o entendimento semântico dele.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Somehow” significa de alguma forma, e não se encaixa no
sentido do texto.
GABARITO: C
Industries shut, Ganga water quality improves

With industries shutdown and people confined to their homes for days following the imposition
of the 21-day lockdown, the water quality of Ganga river has significantly improved, according
to a IIT-BHU professor.
Dr P K Mishra, a professor at the institute's Chemical Engineering department, attributed the
improvement to the lack of industrial waste polluting the waters.
"One-tenth of the pollution in Ganga river comes from industries. As industries are shut due to
lockdown, situation has become better. We have seen 40-50 per cent improvement in the
Ganga. It is a significant development," Mishra told news agency ANI. With rainfall on March 15
and 16, the Ganga's water level has also increased, he said, adding that this meant the river's
cleaning capacity has also increased.
"There is a lot of difference between when we see the water of the Ganga river today and what
used to be earlier. Today, the water looks clean," ANI quoted a local as saying. He added that
people are also not taking bath at the ghats — a common ritual among locals there. "If this is
the condition in 10 days, then I believe Ganga river will be like it used to be earlier," he added.
Another local said nobody would have thought that the lockdown would have such an impact on
environment.
With several countries under lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus, the global
pollution levels have also dropped significantly. In India, pollution levels have dipped as the
lockdown in megacities has kept cars off the road and closed factories. New Delhi, which
regularly has unhealthy air conditions, has now seen its AQI falling below 95 — a big reduction
from its monthly average of 161 from March 2019. Mumbai, too, has witnessed a similar
reduction in pollution.
Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.
130
Adapted from (https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/environment/industries-shut-ganga-water-quality-improves/ar-BB12beCN)

“Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.” (last paragraph). The highlighted
expression is closest in meaning to
A) otherwise.
B) thereafter.
C) beacause of.
D) moreover.
E) wherever.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “otherwise” significa caso contrário, enquanto “due to” significa
por conta de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Thereafter” significa depois disso, enquanto “due to” significa
por conta de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
A alternativa C está correta. “because of” tem exatamente o mesmo significado de “due to”, por
conta de/por causa de.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “moreover” é um sinônimo de “besides”, dando uma ideia de
adição, e não de causa como é o caso de “due to”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “wherever” quer dizer em qualquer lugar e não possui nenhuma
relação de sentido com “due to”, que significa por conta de/por causa de.
GABARITO: C
Read the text to do items 51 and 52.

Covid-19 recoveries: 'It was the most terrifying experience of my life'
People in the UK who have returned to health after fighting off coronavirus tell their stories
I could tell the nurses were as scared as me; they told me my coronavirus test was positive as if I
was going to die,” says Ati, 41, who was admitted to hospital in Edinburgh after suffering from a
fever, a constant cough, abdominal and chest pain, shortness of breath and the loss of her sense
of smell and taste.
She had initially been told by 111 call responders to nurse her symptoms at home, but was
instructed to go to hospital after coughing up blood.
On her third day in hospital – her 13th with the illness – Ati started bringing up more blood and
felt an ever greater tightness in her chest as her temperature rose further. That night it started
to fall.
“To my surprise, it did not come back,” she recalls of the fever. “My body finally began to fight it
off and the next day they told me I could go home the day after if everything stayed stable.
“I was so relieved. I had kept thinking I should’ve been admitted earlier and feared it was too
late. It was the most terrifying experience of my life.”
More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19, and it is
thought that thousands more have it. The disease has killed 2,352 people in the UK so far.
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Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. The number in the UK
remains unclear, but heartening reports are beginning to emerge.
Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital, and 22-year-old Ryan is
among many whom 111 call handlers have told to stay at home and self-isolate unless they have
severe difficulties breathing.
“I’m very relieved I recovered,” says Ryan, a third-year engineering student at Imperial College
London, telling of coughing red phlegm, exhaustion, night sweats and nausea. “I couldn’t get out
of bed when the fever was at its worst. I lost my appetite and could barely drink water.”
He says he is usually healthy and that the ordeal has been a big shock. Now he just wants to
return to his home country, Malaysia.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/01/covid-19-recoveries-it-was-the-most-terrifying-experience-of-my-life
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text
“Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.” (paragraph 7)
Mark the option that can replace the expression meanwhile.
A) Before that
B) After that
C) At the same time
D) Estrategically
E) Some time after
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Before that” significa antes disso, enquanto “meanwhile”
significa enquanto isso. A substituição não é adequada.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “After that” significa depois disso, enquanto “meanwhile”
significa enquanto isso. A substituição não é adequada.
A alternativa C está correta. “At the same time” significa ao mesmo tempo/enquanto isso. A
alternativa tem a mesma significação de “meanwhile” no enunciado. A substituição seria
perfeita.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Estrategically” significa estrategicamente e não possui nenhuma
relação de significação com a palavra “meanwhile” destacada no enunciado.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Some time after” significa algum tempo depois, o que não é a
ideia passada pela palavra “meanwhile” destacada no texto, que significa enquanto isso. A
substituição nã seria adequada.
GABARITO: C
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that does not represent a UK
fact about covid-19 crisis.
A) Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.

B) More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19.
C) The number of people recovered in the UK remains unclear.
D) Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital.
E) It is thought that thousands more have covid-19.
Comentários:
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A alternativa A está correta. Esse trecho não trata de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino
Unido, mas sim dado global, já que diz que 174 mil pessoas se recuperaram da doença.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Essa alternativa fala de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino
Unido. “Across the UK” é a expressão que deixa isso claro.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa fala de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino
Unido. O texto , ao falar que o número de pessoas recuperadas da doença é desconhecido, se
refere ao número de pessoas recuperadas no Reino Unido.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Essa alternativa trata da política dos hospitais do Reino Unido
para aceitar pacientes infectados com o coronavírus, de acordo com o texto.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O trecho exposto na alternativa expressa uma preocupação
existente no Reino Unido de que é possível que milhares mais pessoas tenham contraído
coronavírus, já que é uma continuação do trecho que diz que 29 mil pessoas já têm a
confirmação de terem contraído o vírus.
GABARITO: A
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita)Mark the correct option.

Jack likes to eat meat at least four times a week.
A) Jack has no problem with not eating meat three times a week.
B) Jack eats chicken the other three days of the week.
C) Jack has to eat meat four times a week, at least.
D) Jack eats vegetarian food at least three times a week.
E) Jack doesn’t like pork.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. A sentença diz que Jack gosta de comer carne pelo menos quatro
vezes por semana. Pode-se inferir, então, que Jack não vê problemas em não comer carne três
vezes por semana.
A alternativa B está incorreta. A sentença não fala nada sobre frango. Portanto, não se pode
inferir quantas vezes por semana Jack come frango. Outro detalhe importante é que, diferente
do português, no inglês, a palavra “meat” ou carne não é necessariamente relacionado a carne
bovina, costume que possuímos em Língua Portuguesa.
A alternativa C está incorreta. A sentença diz que ele GOSTA de comer carne pelo menos quatro
vezes por semana, não que ele TEM QUE comer carne pelo menos quatro vezes por semana.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode afirmar que Jack come comida vegetariana pelo
menos três vezes por semana, já que a sentença não estipula que Jack come carne,
necessariamente, quatro vezes por semana. Ele pode comer carne 5 vezes em uma determinada
semana e comer comida vegetariana apenas duas vezes naquela semana. Esse é só um dos
inúmeros possíveis exemplos de como essa alternativa poderia estar errada.
A alternativa E está incorreta. A sentença não fala em carne de porco, especificamente. E vale
lembrar que, em inglês, não se associa a palavra “meat” somente a carne bovina, mas a
qualquer carne.
GABARITO: A
Text
133
Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from?
When Chinese scientists alerted colleagues to a new virus last December, suspicion fell on
a Wuhan market. What have health officials learned since then? A cluster of cases of pneumonia
of unknown origin had been reported in China in the middle of winter. On the evening of 30
December, the Wuhan municipal health commission had issued an “urgent notice” online,
warning all medical facilities to be on the alert and put into effect their emergency plans. It
pointed the finger of suspicion for the outbreak at the Huanan seafood market.
Within days they knew it wasn’t Sars, it wasn’t Mers, it wasn’t flu, Legionella or a host of
other pathogens. It was new. Van Kerkhove, who painstakingly explains developments in the
pandemic twice a week at WHO’s briefings on Zoom, is a respiratory expert who had worked a lot
on coronaviruses including Mers. “I immediately thought this could be a new coronavirus,
because there are literally hundreds to thousands of coronaviruses that are circulating in
animals,” she said. That’s why coronaviruses already featured in the WHO’s blueprint for needed
epidemic research and development. The danger had been out there and recognised since Sars in
2003.
Patient zero may never be found. Covid-19, as we now call it, looked like acute pneumonia
when it killed frail and elderly people. And it is possible the first people to catch it had no
symptoms. The first clue was the market, but what looked like a slam dunk at first is now
uncertain. Of a sample of 41 early confirmed cases, 70% were stall owners, employees or regular
customers of the Huanan market, which sold seafood but also live animals, often illegally captured
in the wild and slaughtered in front of the customer. But the first confirmed case had no apparent
connection.
The market was closed by the Chinese authorities on 1 January and comprehensively
cleaned and disinfected, which was helpful to hygiene but destroyed clues. Nonetheless, swab
tests showed traces of the virus in areas where wild animals had been held. China realised
the threat posed by the virus… Yet it is not certain that the virus came out of the market. It is
possible that an infected human took it in, although nobody gives much credence to the latest
assertions from the Chinese state media that it could have been someone outside the country’s
borders.
The Chinese government was taking the outbreak seriously – and the cost to the country
in every sense of such a comprehensive shutdown including closing borders. But at that stage
China was doing what it needed to do – and what so many countries failed to do. It was stamping
out the virus, not looking for the source.
In March the virologists Eddie Holmes and Andrew Rambaut and others published a review
of what can be deduced from the genetic data in the journal Nature. Specifically, the spike protein
for which the new coronavirus has become famous has a “receptor binding domain” that will stick
to a certain receptor – called ACE2 – on a human cell.
Excitable China-blaming theories took off on rightwing news websites and social media in
April, alleging the virus had been made in the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab. They were
dismissed.
However it began, the advantage China and other Asian countries had was that they
realised the threat. China’s concern, having experienced Sars, was serious virus; the west’s was
serious disease. And that is why they have not ended their epidemics. If the west has 1,000 cases,
134
it will put the 100 that are severe in hospital. The other 900 – nobody has any idea where they
are, you can’t win that way. “The huge difference was just that extraordinary effort ensuring that
they effectively isolated all moderate or mild cases.”
___(54)___ where it came from, the only way to tackle a novel virus is to take it incredibly
seriously. China saw it as a serious virus from day one.
Adapted from: The Guardian. Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? Disponível em: <
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/where-did-coronavirus-come-from-covid >. Acesso em: 12/12/2020.

a) spite
b) in despite of
c) altogether
d) regardless of
e) moreover
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não usamos “spite” assim, sozinho. A expressão correta é “in
spite of”, significando apesar de.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “In despite of” também está errado. O correto é apenas
“despite”, também significando apesar de. Assim, guarde: in spite of ou despite.
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Altogether” significa ao todo, completamente, de modo geral,
não fazendo sentido no contexto. “___ (12) ___ de onde veio, a única maneira de combater
um vírus novo é levá-lo muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro
dia.”
A alternativa D está correta. “Regardless of” significa independentemente de, apesar de.
“Independentemente de onde veio, a única maneira de lidar com um vírus novo é levá-lo
muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro dia.”
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Moreover” significa além disso, não fazendo sentido no
contexto. “___ (54) ___ de onde veio, a única maneira de combater um vírus novo é levá-lo
muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro dia.”
GABARITO: D
If People Are Staying Home, Why Is Coronavirus Still Spreading?

Two months in to near-nationwide stay-at-home orders, Americans are ready to get back
to their pre-pandemic lives. Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have
been at home all day, every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks.
And yet, the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. continues to go up each day, by about
2 to 4 percent.
While the number of new cases is decreasing in hard-hit areas like New York, Michigan
and New Jersey, or small states like Hawaii, which is down to around just 1 new case a day, the
numbers are spiking upwards in nearly half of the country, from Illinois to Texas to New
Hampshire to Alabama.
There isn’t one single reason for the increases, but several, based on the way the U.S.
shut down (or didn’t), the current push to reopen and the nature of the virus itself.
Essential Workers
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While many Americans are able to stay home, essential workers are still heading in each
day, to hospitals, nursing homes, supermarkets and factories — all places where they can come
in contact with people with COVID-19.
Nursing homes, in particular, are dealing with large outbreaks of the virus. At least 10,000
deaths in the U.S. have been linked to nursing homes, where the older residents are highly
susceptible to COVID-19, and workers are often surrounded by sick patients. One nursing home
in New Jersey was so overwhelmed by the number of patient deaths that police found 17 bodies
stacked in the facility’s morgue.
In the Midwest, several meat processing factories are dealing with large outbreaks
among their workers that only began in the last few weeks. At a Tyson Foods meat factory in
Perry, Iowa, 58 percent of the workers have tested positive for COVID-19, NBC News reported.
Tyson, and several Smithfield meat factories, have had to temporarily close or slow down
production as workers have gotten sick, leading to meat shortages nationwide.
Additionally, many of these essential workers are making minimum wage and can’t afford
to stay home and quarantine, even if they get COVID-19.
“They are afraid of losing their jobs,” J. Luis Nunez Gallegos, an assistant medical director
at a health center in Washington, D.C., told The Washington Post. “They are anxious their
employers won’t respect the quarantine, or that two weeks seems too long, and they don’t
always have the savings to get by.”
And as these essential workers continue to go to work, they also risk bringing COVID-19
home to their families and spreading the virus further.
The Push to Reopen
Now, with the economy struggling, many governors are starting to slowly lift stay-at-
home orders in their states and allow non-essential businesses, such as hair salons, retail stores
and gyms, to reopen. This is happening ___55___ warnings from health experts like Dr. Anthony
Fauci who warn that reopening too soon could cause another spike in cases, and polls showing
that most Americans are against easing restrictions.
Several states that have begun to reopen are now seeing an increase in COVID-19 cases,
The New York Times reported. Indiana, Kansas and Nebraska all eased restrictions on Monday
despite spiking numbers, along with Iowa, Minnesota, Tennessee and Texas.
And while the White House was able to announce in mid-April that the projected number
of deaths had decreased from 100,000 to 60,000 by the end of August, those estimates have
now gone back up, and deaths are estimated to hit 100,000 by June. As of Wednesday morning,
more than 71,000 people have died.
The Virus Persists
Another issue is the messaging — when social distancing was first emphasized in mid-
March as a way to “flatten the curve” and limit the spread of COVID-19, it wasn’t a way to
eliminate the virus completely, as people may have believed.
What social distancing actually does is slow down virus transmission to a level that is
manageable for hospital workers and enables them to have enough hospital beds, masks and
equipment to properly treat COVID-19 patients.
While the virus will eventually slow down in areas that are adhering to social distancing
and other safety precautions, “there will be some places where it’s still circulating, so it never
136
really leaves,” Dr. Robert Norton, a professor of public health at Auburn University and member
of several coronavirus task forces, previously told PEOPLE.
Unfortunately, the virus will likely continue to persist until a vaccine is ready, in about 12
to 18 months at the earliest.
(Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid) Acesso em: 07/05/2020.

A) instead of
B) despite
C) according to
D) in compliance with
E) hence
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Instead of” significa ao invés de, e não se encaixa no contexto da
lacuna.
A alternativa B está correta. O uso de “despite” é perfeito, pois dá a ideia de apesar de, que se
encaixa perfeitamente no contexto apresentado.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os especialistas afirmam que reabrir muito cedo pode causas
novos picos de novos casos. A partir dessa informação, não faz sentido preencher a lacuna com
“de acordo com”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “In compliance with” significa em conformidade com, e não
preenche corretamente a lacuna.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Hence” quer dizer consequentemente e não se encaixa no
contexto apresentado pelo texto.
GABARITO: B
Read Text I to do question 56 based on it
Text I
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars
On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era
of Martian exploration.
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__ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched __ NASA, is expected to become the United States’
15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars.
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars
invasion. Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000
miles above the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in
gaps in our understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured
by rovers and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the
UAE space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado,
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft.
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve
never run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced
sciences and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week.
“It wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary
exploration mission.”
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space
Agency’s ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long.
China’s Tianwen-1 mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected
to arrive less than a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the
Red Planet, but the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit.
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover
is small enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it
has safely touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the
next three months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater.
The rover and lander will both relay data ____ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will
send it back to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot
of details about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year
in Nature Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the
entire planet.”
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On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground.
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing __ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee,
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do.
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per
second, we’ll be ready.”
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is
to collect samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to
Earth. With any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life.
But whether scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open
question. Aside from hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind
technology demonstration involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing,
Perseverance will jettison the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If
it works, it will be the first time an aircraft has flown on another planet.
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a
historic moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of
space capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration.
Mars was once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it
is now also an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China.
Getting to Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes
well for the future of space exploration.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/)
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Although the Chinese National Space
Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]”. The highlighted word is closest
in meaning to
a) However
b) Despite
c) Since
d) Even though
e) Besides
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. However = porém.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite = A pesar de.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Since = Visto que.
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A alternativa D está correta. Although = Even though = Embora. “Although the Chinese
National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]” (Embora a
Administração Espacial Nacional da China não tenha fornecido muitos detalhes sobre [...]).
A alternativa E está incorreta. Besides = Além de.
GABARITO: D
Read Text II to do question 57 based on it
Text II
IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/)
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that correctly substitutes the
expression rather than (line 02).
a) Instead of.
c) Despite of.
b) As well as.
d) In addition to.
e) At last.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. rather than = instead of = ao invés de.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite of = apesar de.
A alternativa C está incorreta. As well as = assim como, também.
A alternativa D está incorreta. In addition to = além de.
A alternativa E está incorreta. At last = afinal.
GABARITO: A
Read Text IV to do question 58 based on it
Text IV
When will offices be full again?
Maybe never, some executives say.
By Lauren Hirsch
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and
even then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made
this week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter.
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On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in
New York and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in
both cities; and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned.
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M.
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.”
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a
regulatory round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could
support demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before.
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and
pitches seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata
Sons, said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United
States to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2
billion worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.”
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited
about what employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend
two hours improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend
two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.”
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not
without risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's
really a pleasure.”
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-
say.html
58. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The correct form of the sentence ““They could
spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the
indirect speech is:
a) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more
resilient family.
b) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient
family.
c) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.
d) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.
e) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient
family.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está correta. O discurso indireto do modal could é: could + have + verbo no
particípio portanto a única opção que atende esse requesito é a altenativa A.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Could + spent está errado, após verbol modais o verbo deve estar
na forma infinitivo sem to.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Will não é a forma de discurso indireto de could.
A alternativa D está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários.
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A alternativa E está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários.
GABARITO: A
Huawei to be stripped of role in UK's 5G network by 2027, Dowden confirms

U-turn puts Boris Johnson on collision course with Tory rebels on timing of ban
Huawei is to be stripped out of Britain’s 5G phone networks by 2027, a date that puts Boris
Johnson on collision course with a group of Conservative rebels who want the Chinese company
eliminated quicker and more comprehensively.
Oliver Dowden, the UK culture secretary, also announced that no new Huawei 5G kit can be
bought after 31 December this year – but disappointed the rebels by saying that older 2G, 3G
and 4G kit can remain until it is no longer needed.
___59___, the minister declared that the UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating
“high-risk vendors” such as Huawei in 5G by the time of the next general election in 2024, in
attempt to placate some MPs.
But rebel leader Iain Duncan Smith, said there were contradictions in Dowden’s statement. “So
if there are risks in 5G why are they not a risk to us generally,” the former party leader said, and
called on the minister “to ban Huawei altogether”.
In reply, the culture secretary said that “the reality of the 5G network is that it is fundamentally
different” and added that “in turn 5G will be replaced by 6G and in all of that Huawei will be
absent”.
The minister also told MPs that the changes he was announcing would mean “a cumulative
delay to 5G roll out of two to three years and costs of up to £2bn” – costs that could in theory
be passed on in bills to consumers.
The decision represents an enforced U-turn on a previous decision to allow Huawei to supply
35% of the UK’s 5G equipment, and a compromise with BT and Vodafone, who warned there
could be phone “outages” if they were forced to act sooner.
It follows the announcement in May of further US sanctions against Huawei, preventing it from
using microchips from American suppliers.
Downing Street then asked the National Cyber Security Centre, part of the spy agency GCHQ, to
review Huawei’s security and said its equipment could not be considered safe if it had to rely on
non-US components.
“The sanctions were a gamechanger,” a Whitehall official said.
Despite the retreat, the Conservative rebels believe Huawei still represents an immediate
national security risk and want the UK to follow the US and Australia, which have implemented
more complete bans.
The rebel MPs say they number about 60, theoretically enough to defeat the government, if the
opposition parties join forces with them. They want Huawei removed from existing 3G and 4G
networks as well as 5G by 2026 at the latest.
A rebel source said: “The fight is back on. The telecoms infrastructure bill will face amendments
to ban 3G and 4G on the same basis as 5G and to bring forward the end date for equipment. We
are confident that they will be successful.”
142
If Johnson does not go further, their plan is amend the telecoms security bill intended to
legislate for the two-part ban on Huawei. That was due to emerge before the summer recess
but has been pushed back until the autumn.
Huawei UK urged the government to reconsider, and said the UK would be economically
damaged if it pressed ahead.
Ed Brewster, a spokesperson for the company, said: “This disappointing decision is bad news for
anyone in the UK with a mobile phone. It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane,
push up bills and deepen the digital divide.”
The prime minister has become embroiled in an intense geopolitical row over Huawei, in which
the US president, Donald Trump, has demanded the Chinese company be kicked out of the UK,
claiming it poses a long-term security risk.
Huawei denies it has ever been asked to engage in any spying on behalf of the Chinese state,
while Beijing itself says Johnson’s decision will be an acid test of the Sino-British relationship
that had developed under David Cameron.
Officials also want Huawei to be removed from high-speed, full-fibre connections following a
two-year transition period, working with companies to find a way of eliminating the Chinese
company’s equipment.
No compensation is expected to be paid to BT or Vodafone or Huawei. BT’s chief executive had
said on Monday it would be possible to remove Huawei from 5G in five years – but warned that
it would be impossible to remove older equipment entirely within 10 years.
A few minutes before the announcement was made on Tuesday, Huawei said former BP boss
Lord Browne would be stepping down as chairman of its board of directors from September.
Browne, who had held the post for five years, did not say he was quitting but the company
thanked him for “his valuable contribution”.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms).
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita)

A) even
B) nevertheless
C) although
D) moreover
E) notwithstanding
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “even” nessa situação, já essa palavra daria a
ideia de ênfase, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de adição.
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “nevertheless” nessa situação, já essa palavra
daria a ideia de concessão, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de
adição.
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não podemos usar “although” nessa situação, já essa palavra
daria a ideia de contraste, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de
adição.
A alternativa D está correta. “Moreover” se encaixa perfeitamente na lacuna, já que dá a ideia
de adição proposta pelo texto. Além disso, o mininstro declarou que o Reino Unido...
143
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não podemos usar “notwithstanding” nessa situação, já essa
palavra daria a ideia de concessão, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma
ideia de adição.
GABARITO: D
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless

It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan “check, change, go”.
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it
will be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard
what the prime minister used to say on the subject.
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself.
When the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about.
Hardline Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might
manage relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes.
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse
away from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch.
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those
talks fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing
out). But even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), the
question of Britain’s geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered.
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the
discussion to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and
defence cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table.
European leaders were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something
no less urgent than fish quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term.
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view,
EU institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as
the Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as
an upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players
peer-to-peer.
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government
announced that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in
developing British 5G infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next
year.
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that
Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped
out of the network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company
and the demand from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic
loyalty. The unambiguous message from the White House is that trade and security policy are
intertwined. A country that wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign
144
investment relations vetted for intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade
retaliation against countries deemed hostile to Huawei.
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal
with China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice
in stark, binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is
holding the pen.
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that
has felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron
was a casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the
choice became real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing
Street ambitions had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing
with fellow heads of government at EU summits? I doubt it.
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation
for losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy
gets ever deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-
exchange in strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia.
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s
candidate to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.)
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make
new deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposing the basic flaw in Brexit,
which is that the sovereignty he so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in
Washington, Beijing or anywhere else.
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses
even to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain
had no need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still
needs.
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-partnership-boris-johnson)
60. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct?
A) Britain has excluded the Chinese telecoms company from the Uk, starting this year.
B) The European leaders liked the idea of British Prime Minister taking defence cooperation
foreign policy and security off the table.
C) Tory MP’s and the American government put some pressure on the Prime Minister to
exclude the Chinese company.
D) According to White Hall, trade and security policy are intertwined.
E) Beijing doesn’t intend to retaliate aginst countries deemed hostile to Huawei.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. Segundo o texto, o Reino Unido vetou a participação da empresa
chinesa a partir do ano que vem, e não desse ano.
145
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto afirma que os líderes europeus ficaram confusos, e não
que eles gostaram do fato de o Reino Unido tirar da mesa sua cooperação em defesa, política
externa e segurança.
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz que os parlamentares conservadores e o governo
americano colocaram pressão sobre o primeiro ministro britânico para que ele vetasse a
empresa chinesa do país.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Quem fala que políticas de segurança e de comércio estão
interligadas é a casa branca, não o White Hall.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto afirma que Pequim pretende retaliar comercialmente os
países que forem hostis com a Huawei.
GABARITO: C
61. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative which has the sentence below
correctly reported.
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
The author
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain”
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained.
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained.
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. No “reported speech”, não se usa dois pontos para uma citação,
mas sim a pessoa que está reportando dá a informação de maneira fluida. Exemplo: “He said
that he saw me in the restaurant yesterday” (ele disse que me viu no restaurante ontem).
A alternativa B está correta. A alternativa usa o reported speech de forma correta, pois “volta”
um tempo verbal em direção ao passado na hora de reportar aquilo que foi dito. A frase original
estava no present simple, logo a frase foi reportada usando o Past Simple
(said/followed/complained).
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa consiste no fato de que o autor não
perguntou nada aos leitores, mas sim disse. Portanto, o reported speech deveria começar com
“said” ao invés de “asked”.
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez o erro está em dizer que o autor perguntou algo,
dessa vez aos passageiros. O autor não perguntou nada, apenas disse. Portanto, o reported
speech deveria começar com “said” ao invés de “asked”.
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa foi não alterar o tempo verbal na hora de
reportar a informação. No trecho original, verbo usado foi “follows” (simple present) e
“complain” (simple present), logo, no reported speech deve-se usar “followed” e “complained”
(past simple).
GABARITO: B
146
62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) “As a result of that complacency, the UK does not
have a policy towards the EU” (paragraph 4). The highlighted expression can be replaced
by
A) in spite of.
B) furthermore.
C) due to.
D) moreover.
E) despite.
Comentários:
A alternativa A está incorreta. “in spite of” significa apesar de, enquanto “as a result of” significa
como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
A alternativa B está incorreta. “furthermore” significa além disso, enquanto “as a result of”
significa como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
A alternativa C está correta. “as a result of” tem o mesmo sentido de “due to” nesse contexto,
como resultado de, por conta de.
A alternativa D está incorreta. “moreover” significa além disso, enquanto “as a result of”
significa como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
A alternativa E está incorreta. “despite” significa embora, enquanto “as a result of” significa
como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões.
GABARITO: C
9.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada.
10.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA

https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/
147
11.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Caro(a) aluno(a),
Parabéns por mais uma aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua aprovação!
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimilação. Grife as partes que
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada.
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso.
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua
preparação.
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação!
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou

outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok?
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido seus
conhecimentos.
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro!
Forte abraço,
Leonardo Pontes
@prof_leonardo_pontes
Leonardo Pontes
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Prof. Leonardo Pontes

4. CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS 13

6. INDIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED SPEECH 26

Time expression changes 29

Modal verbs changes 30

7.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 33

9.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 147

10.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 147

11.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 148

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

I go to the park every week, for I love running.

And [e] – Adiciona uma coisa à outra.

The virus cannot live in immunized individuals, nor in the air.

But [mas] – Mostra contraste.

Or [ou] – Apresenta uma alternativa ou uma escolha.

Those men play on teams: shirts or skins.

So [então, logo] – Indica efeito, resultado ou consequência.

Observe que as conjunções coordenadas geralmente ficam no meio de uma sentença e

I guess I’ll never be the same since I won this medal.

They are watching TV while my mom is making dinner.

If you leave her, she will die.

I’m proud of you because you passed the exam.

Talk to me before you leave.

Once you go there, you never forget it.

When I see you smile, I can do anything.

As orações podem ir em qualquer ordem, ou seja, tanto uma oração dependente

Vejamos alguns exemplos:

I want either the pizza or the hamburger.

I’ll have both the pizza and the hamburger.

Sentença 1: I like salad. (Eu gosto de salada).

“I am not sure but, according to Peter, everybody is going to the party”.

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

Despite losing the match, the players celebrated their efforts.

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

In spite of the lost match, the players celebrated their efforts.

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

Em narrativas, os linking words organizam a história numa sequência de eventos,

Due to the heavy rain the flight was cancelled.

Ou então, poderíamos dizer:

Because of the heavy rain the flight was cancelled.

She said, “I study every day because I want to be approved”.

“I won’t resign”, says the president during the meeting.

- Eu quero um carro novo.

(Você dizendo): – I want a new car .

- I want a glass of water now. - Eu quero um copo de água agora.

Veja, agora, as possíveis modificações no discurso indireto.

Time expression changes

They are meeting at my house. (Eles estão se encontrando na minha casa.)

I got here by train. (Eu cheguei aqui de trem.)

Modal verbs changes

She must study a lot. (Ela deve estudar muito.)

Questão: A frase “Environmentalists may feel a twinge of fear…” devidamente

1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015)

2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016)

3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016)

Read the text and answer questions 4 and 5.