Acta Romanica Quinqueecclesiensis VII. Phénoménologie, esthétique, historiographie. La coopération dans le domaine des études romanes entre les universités de Pécs et de Szeged, 2022
The contributions of Hungarian philosophers lean on the insights of the main representatives of F... more The contributions of Hungarian philosophers lean on the insights of the main representatives of French phenomenology, like Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Lévinas, Badiou, Richir. Besides, the articles in the Varia section deal with French aesthetics, literature, linguistics and historiography.
The French and Hungarian historians did not deal more seriously with the French–Hungarian militar... more The French and Hungarian historians did not deal more seriously with the French–Hungarian military relations during the war during the last hundred years. The reasons of this disinterest are certainly the significant geographical distance and the distorting effect of the French role in post-war border changes in Hungary. Despite all of this, this study attempts to prove that during the First World War there was a wide and diverse military relationship between the two countries. Some of these relations are logically linked to the clashes on the battlefields, which were fought by French and Austrian–Hungarian troops in different theatres of war in Europe and the Middle East. At the same time, however, we must also remember the Hungarians who, for various reasons, were in the service of the French forces and fought to defend French interests. Their existence and activity are certainly the least well-known chapter of bilateral relations, so we try to present the most important features by publishing the results of the latest research. The description of all of these will hopefully prove credibly that the military relations between the two countries are a tiny but important part of the history of the First World War.
The French-Hungarian historical and cultural relations have a millennial past, yet these relation... more The French-Hungarian historical and cultural relations have a millennial past, yet these relations are not particularly intense during the history. The 20th century is undoubtedly the peak of these cultural and especially literary relationships between the two countries. During this era, many Hungarian writers were inspired by the influence of French culture, the result of which was a large number of renowned literary works. Some of them are linked to experiences of the authors acquired in France during the World Wars. The purpose of this contribution is the presentation of certain authors who lived in France during the First and Second World Wars (such as Aladár Kuncz, Endre Bajomi Lázár and Ferenc Fejtő) whose books tell of their personal experiences during these eras. At the same time, in order to have a more complete picture, we intend to present the results of historical research concerning these episodes which can enrich our knowledge and allow the best evaluation of these literary works.
During the Second World War, Hungary provided asylum to many refugees from other countries. Most ... more During the Second World War, Hungary provided asylum to many refugees from other countries. Most of these refugees were Polish, but we also find about a thousand French citizens who escaped from the prison camps of the Third Reich and then arrived in Hungary between 1940 and 1944. Given the fact that there was no state of war between the French and Hungarian states, these refugees (évadés) were not handed over to the German authorities but were interned by the Hungarian Ministry of Defence. Over the years, many different camps have been designated for French internees, but the longest time has been spent in Balatonboglár on the shores of Lake Balaton, where they lived in particularly good conditions. The details of this stay have been published in a number of documents in the past, but the present study seeks to reveal even more precisely with the help of recently discovered new sources the conditions in which the French spent their days in the internment camp in Balatonboglár.
The French Foreign Legion is one of the most studied military units in history, even so its funct... more The French Foreign Legion is one of the most studied military units in history, even so its function during the Second World War is still relatively unknown in both Hungarian and universal historiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present this extremely eventful and diversified period during which the Foreign Legion suffered many defeats, but it contributed to the victory of the Allies.
General Henri Berthelot had a successful career as a professional military officer before World W... more General Henri Berthelot had a successful career as a professional military officer before World War I and he gained considerable experience both as a team officer and as a member of the General Staff. In 1916 he was appointed Head of the French Military Mission to Romania. The Romanian army has suffered heavy defeats and the general played a major role in supplying, training and rebuilding the Romanian armed forces. Despite of his efforts, Romania concluded a ceasefire at the end of 1917, so the French military mission had to return to France. In 1918 at the end of the war Romania had again declared war on the central powers, so General Berthelot was redirected to the country with the aim of contributing to the fight against Russian Bolshevik forces by deploying a reorganized Romanian force. In order to achieve this goal, the general, now the commander of the Danube Army, set up in October 1918, considered it important to satisfy the western territorial demands of Romanian politics, and therefore supported the Romanian troops' action against Hungary. His attitude also aroused the disapproval of his French generals in the area, which eventually led to his repatriation in April 1919, but so far significant Hungarian territories have been under Romanian occupation due to his involvement. The Romanian government highly valued his work, awarded him honorary state citizenship with numerous honours and a rural estate, and in addition, many public spaces and a village were named after him.
Annak ellenére, hogy Franciaország vereséget szenvedett 1940-ben, a háború ezzel nem minden franc... more Annak ellenére, hogy Franciaország vereséget szenvedett 1940-ben, a háború ezzel nem minden francia számára ért véget. Az 1940 nyarán Charles de Gaulle tábornok által Nagy-Britanniában létrehozott Szabad Francia Erők folytatták a harcot a tengelyhatalmak ellen. Az angolszász szövetségesek észak-afrikai partraszállása után a francia Afrika Hadsereg is csatlakozott ehhez a harchoz, majd pedig a két francia haderő egyesülésével létrejött Francia Felszabadító Hadsereg aktív szerepet vállalt az olaszországi harcokban és a francia anyaország felszabadításában. Az új haderő tagjainak több mint a fele a francia gyarmatokról származott és komoly harcértéri eredményeket tudott felmutatni, ennek ellenére a háború utolsó hónapjaiban megkezdődött anyaországi lakosokra való lecserélésük, az úgynevezett kifehérítés (blanchiment), amely komoly elégedetlenséget váltott ki soraikban.
Introduction Despite the fact that France is among the winners at the end of World War II, there ... more Introduction Despite the fact that France is among the winners at the end of World War II, there are a number of chapters for its participation in the combats which are not studied in detail by historians. Among others, we find there the history of the French volunteers who served in the German armed forces. There are some French units relatively well known as the division Charlemagne of the Waffen-SS or the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires françaiscontre le bolchevisme) who participate in struggles against Allied regular troops on the Eastern Front. Nonetheless some other formations are virtually unknown due to lack of a remarkable military performance in the same combat zones. This study is about to fill, at least partially, the gap by tracing the story of one of these units whose activity is also related to Hungary, because during its existence it has conducted its largest military action against Soviet troops in the territory of this country...
Le phénomène de la collaboration militaire française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale est peu c... more Le phénomène de la collaboration militaire française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale est peu connu et peu examiné en France. En raison de cette méconnaissance, le sujet mérite certainement d’être mieux découvert du point de vue historiographique et littéraire. L’histoire de ces volontaires est encore plus intéressante vue de la région de l’Europe centrale et orientale, car ces militaires étaient présents pratiquement dans tous les pays de cette zone géographique lors de leurs missions effectuées au sein de l’armée allemande. L’activité de ces hommes est présentée par plusieurs sources primaires qui nous semblent exclusivement historiques. En même temps, la situation est bien plus complexe. D’une part, la nature des sources se trouvant dans les différentes archives est très variée, ainsi peut-on y découvrir un nombre d’éléments appartenant au domaine de la littérature. D’autre part, les survivants de ces formations militaires nous ont laissé une littérature autobiographique relati...
Genelde Somurge olarak adlandirilan Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri 16. yy‟dan 1960‟lara kadar Fransiz ... more Genelde Somurge olarak adlandirilan Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri 16. yy‟dan 1960‟lara kadar Fransiz Somurge Imparatorlugu‟nun olusumunda cok onemli rol oynamalarina ragmen bu birlikler cok fazla bilinmezler. Bu birlikler Fransa‟da ya da Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri‟nde askere alinirlar ve butun dunyada Fransiz bolgelerinin savunmasinda cok onemli rol oynarlar. Bu calismada, bu birliklerin kisaca tarihi ve Birinci Dunya SavaĢi‟na katilimlari ele alinir. Fransiz askeri kuvvetlerinin en guclulerinden olan Fransiz Afrika Ordusu ve Deniz Kuvvetleri Afrika, Asya ve hatta Avrupa‟daki savaslardan zaferle donebilen guclu birliklerdir. Bu unlerinden dolayi, Fransiz Yuksek Askeri Birlik Komutasi bu birliklerden savasin butun cephelerinden yararlanir. Bu birlikler, Afrika‟daki Alman topraklarinin aldilar ve bati cephesindeki Fransiz savunmasina katildilar. Ayrica Turkiye‟de, Balkanlar‟da ve Rusya‟da da savastilar. Fakat Fransa‟nin bu zaferi cok sayida askerin olumune, yaralanmasina ve kaybina neden o...
Malgré le fait que la France se soit trouvée parmi les vainqueurs à la fin de la Seconde Guerre m... more Malgré le fait que la France se soit trouvée parmi les vainqueurs à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il y a un nombre de chapitres concernant sa participation aux combats qui ne sont pas étudiés en détail par les historiens. Parmi ceux-ci, on trouve celui des volontaires français ayant servi au sein des forces armées allemandes. Il y a quelques unités françaises relativement bien connues comme la division Charlemagne de la Waffen-SS ou la Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme qui participent aux luttes menées contre les troupes régulières alliées au front de l'Est. En revanche, certaines formations sont pratiquement inconnues en raison du manque de performance combattante remarquable dans les zones de combat identiques. La présente étude essaye de combler, au moins partiellement, ce vide en retraçant l'histoire d'une de ces unités dont l'activité est liée également à la Hongrie, car, lors de son existence, elle a mené son action militaire la plus importante contre les troupes soviétiques sur le territoire de ce pays. On ne peut qu'espérer que la présentation de cet épisode particulier enrichit l'histoire militaire des deux pays concernés.
The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World ... more The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World War from 1940 to 1943 when they finally became part of the new regular French Air Forces. This study aims to present the activity of this special and little-known air force over the territory of Africa during this period.After the French defeat in June 1940 General Charles de Gaulle went to England to continue the fight against the Axis Forces and created the Free French Forces. Several airmen of the French Air Forces rallied to General de Gaulle which allowed the creation of the Free French Forces on 1st July 1940 under the command of Admiral Émile Muselier. The Free French commandment wanted to deploy their units during the reconquest of the French African colonies, so they were sent to participate in the occupation of French Equatorial Africa in 1940. Other flying units struggled in East and North Africa together with British troops against the invading Italian armies. These forces we...
Acta Romanica Quinqueecclesiensis VII. Phénoménologie, esthétique, historiographie. La coopération dans le domaine des études romanes entre les universités de Pécs et de Szeged, 2022
The contributions of Hungarian philosophers lean on the insights of the main representatives of F... more The contributions of Hungarian philosophers lean on the insights of the main representatives of French phenomenology, like Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Lévinas, Badiou, Richir. Besides, the articles in the Varia section deal with French aesthetics, literature, linguistics and historiography.
The French and Hungarian historians did not deal more seriously with the French–Hungarian militar... more The French and Hungarian historians did not deal more seriously with the French–Hungarian military relations during the war during the last hundred years. The reasons of this disinterest are certainly the significant geographical distance and the distorting effect of the French role in post-war border changes in Hungary. Despite all of this, this study attempts to prove that during the First World War there was a wide and diverse military relationship between the two countries. Some of these relations are logically linked to the clashes on the battlefields, which were fought by French and Austrian–Hungarian troops in different theatres of war in Europe and the Middle East. At the same time, however, we must also remember the Hungarians who, for various reasons, were in the service of the French forces and fought to defend French interests. Their existence and activity are certainly the least well-known chapter of bilateral relations, so we try to present the most important features by publishing the results of the latest research. The description of all of these will hopefully prove credibly that the military relations between the two countries are a tiny but important part of the history of the First World War.
The French-Hungarian historical and cultural relations have a millennial past, yet these relation... more The French-Hungarian historical and cultural relations have a millennial past, yet these relations are not particularly intense during the history. The 20th century is undoubtedly the peak of these cultural and especially literary relationships between the two countries. During this era, many Hungarian writers were inspired by the influence of French culture, the result of which was a large number of renowned literary works. Some of them are linked to experiences of the authors acquired in France during the World Wars. The purpose of this contribution is the presentation of certain authors who lived in France during the First and Second World Wars (such as Aladár Kuncz, Endre Bajomi Lázár and Ferenc Fejtő) whose books tell of their personal experiences during these eras. At the same time, in order to have a more complete picture, we intend to present the results of historical research concerning these episodes which can enrich our knowledge and allow the best evaluation of these literary works.
During the Second World War, Hungary provided asylum to many refugees from other countries. Most ... more During the Second World War, Hungary provided asylum to many refugees from other countries. Most of these refugees were Polish, but we also find about a thousand French citizens who escaped from the prison camps of the Third Reich and then arrived in Hungary between 1940 and 1944. Given the fact that there was no state of war between the French and Hungarian states, these refugees (évadés) were not handed over to the German authorities but were interned by the Hungarian Ministry of Defence. Over the years, many different camps have been designated for French internees, but the longest time has been spent in Balatonboglár on the shores of Lake Balaton, where they lived in particularly good conditions. The details of this stay have been published in a number of documents in the past, but the present study seeks to reveal even more precisely with the help of recently discovered new sources the conditions in which the French spent their days in the internment camp in Balatonboglár.
The French Foreign Legion is one of the most studied military units in history, even so its funct... more The French Foreign Legion is one of the most studied military units in history, even so its function during the Second World War is still relatively unknown in both Hungarian and universal historiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present this extremely eventful and diversified period during which the Foreign Legion suffered many defeats, but it contributed to the victory of the Allies.
General Henri Berthelot had a successful career as a professional military officer before World W... more General Henri Berthelot had a successful career as a professional military officer before World War I and he gained considerable experience both as a team officer and as a member of the General Staff. In 1916 he was appointed Head of the French Military Mission to Romania. The Romanian army has suffered heavy defeats and the general played a major role in supplying, training and rebuilding the Romanian armed forces. Despite of his efforts, Romania concluded a ceasefire at the end of 1917, so the French military mission had to return to France. In 1918 at the end of the war Romania had again declared war on the central powers, so General Berthelot was redirected to the country with the aim of contributing to the fight against Russian Bolshevik forces by deploying a reorganized Romanian force. In order to achieve this goal, the general, now the commander of the Danube Army, set up in October 1918, considered it important to satisfy the western territorial demands of Romanian politics, and therefore supported the Romanian troops' action against Hungary. His attitude also aroused the disapproval of his French generals in the area, which eventually led to his repatriation in April 1919, but so far significant Hungarian territories have been under Romanian occupation due to his involvement. The Romanian government highly valued his work, awarded him honorary state citizenship with numerous honours and a rural estate, and in addition, many public spaces and a village were named after him.
Annak ellenére, hogy Franciaország vereséget szenvedett 1940-ben, a háború ezzel nem minden franc... more Annak ellenére, hogy Franciaország vereséget szenvedett 1940-ben, a háború ezzel nem minden francia számára ért véget. Az 1940 nyarán Charles de Gaulle tábornok által Nagy-Britanniában létrehozott Szabad Francia Erők folytatták a harcot a tengelyhatalmak ellen. Az angolszász szövetségesek észak-afrikai partraszállása után a francia Afrika Hadsereg is csatlakozott ehhez a harchoz, majd pedig a két francia haderő egyesülésével létrejött Francia Felszabadító Hadsereg aktív szerepet vállalt az olaszországi harcokban és a francia anyaország felszabadításában. Az új haderő tagjainak több mint a fele a francia gyarmatokról származott és komoly harcértéri eredményeket tudott felmutatni, ennek ellenére a háború utolsó hónapjaiban megkezdődött anyaországi lakosokra való lecserélésük, az úgynevezett kifehérítés (blanchiment), amely komoly elégedetlenséget váltott ki soraikban.
Introduction Despite the fact that France is among the winners at the end of World War II, there ... more Introduction Despite the fact that France is among the winners at the end of World War II, there are a number of chapters for its participation in the combats which are not studied in detail by historians. Among others, we find there the history of the French volunteers who served in the German armed forces. There are some French units relatively well known as the division Charlemagne of the Waffen-SS or the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires françaiscontre le bolchevisme) who participate in struggles against Allied regular troops on the Eastern Front. Nonetheless some other formations are virtually unknown due to lack of a remarkable military performance in the same combat zones. This study is about to fill, at least partially, the gap by tracing the story of one of these units whose activity is also related to Hungary, because during its existence it has conducted its largest military action against Soviet troops in the territory of this country...
Le phénomène de la collaboration militaire française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale est peu c... more Le phénomène de la collaboration militaire française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale est peu connu et peu examiné en France. En raison de cette méconnaissance, le sujet mérite certainement d’être mieux découvert du point de vue historiographique et littéraire. L’histoire de ces volontaires est encore plus intéressante vue de la région de l’Europe centrale et orientale, car ces militaires étaient présents pratiquement dans tous les pays de cette zone géographique lors de leurs missions effectuées au sein de l’armée allemande. L’activité de ces hommes est présentée par plusieurs sources primaires qui nous semblent exclusivement historiques. En même temps, la situation est bien plus complexe. D’une part, la nature des sources se trouvant dans les différentes archives est très variée, ainsi peut-on y découvrir un nombre d’éléments appartenant au domaine de la littérature. D’autre part, les survivants de ces formations militaires nous ont laissé une littérature autobiographique relati...
Genelde Somurge olarak adlandirilan Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri 16. yy‟dan 1960‟lara kadar Fransiz ... more Genelde Somurge olarak adlandirilan Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri 16. yy‟dan 1960‟lara kadar Fransiz Somurge Imparatorlugu‟nun olusumunda cok onemli rol oynamalarina ragmen bu birlikler cok fazla bilinmezler. Bu birlikler Fransa‟da ya da Fransiz Koloni Birlikleri‟nde askere alinirlar ve butun dunyada Fransiz bolgelerinin savunmasinda cok onemli rol oynarlar. Bu calismada, bu birliklerin kisaca tarihi ve Birinci Dunya SavaĢi‟na katilimlari ele alinir. Fransiz askeri kuvvetlerinin en guclulerinden olan Fransiz Afrika Ordusu ve Deniz Kuvvetleri Afrika, Asya ve hatta Avrupa‟daki savaslardan zaferle donebilen guclu birliklerdir. Bu unlerinden dolayi, Fransiz Yuksek Askeri Birlik Komutasi bu birliklerden savasin butun cephelerinden yararlanir. Bu birlikler, Afrika‟daki Alman topraklarinin aldilar ve bati cephesindeki Fransiz savunmasina katildilar. Ayrica Turkiye‟de, Balkanlar‟da ve Rusya‟da da savastilar. Fakat Fransa‟nin bu zaferi cok sayida askerin olumune, yaralanmasina ve kaybina neden o...
Malgré le fait que la France se soit trouvée parmi les vainqueurs à la fin de la Seconde Guerre m... more Malgré le fait que la France se soit trouvée parmi les vainqueurs à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il y a un nombre de chapitres concernant sa participation aux combats qui ne sont pas étudiés en détail par les historiens. Parmi ceux-ci, on trouve celui des volontaires français ayant servi au sein des forces armées allemandes. Il y a quelques unités françaises relativement bien connues comme la division Charlemagne de la Waffen-SS ou la Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme qui participent aux luttes menées contre les troupes régulières alliées au front de l'Est. En revanche, certaines formations sont pratiquement inconnues en raison du manque de performance combattante remarquable dans les zones de combat identiques. La présente étude essaye de combler, au moins partiellement, ce vide en retraçant l'histoire d'une de ces unités dont l'activité est liée également à la Hongrie, car, lors de son existence, elle a mené son action militaire la plus importante contre les troupes soviétiques sur le territoire de ce pays. On ne peut qu'espérer que la présentation de cet épisode particulier enrichit l'histoire militaire des deux pays concernés.
The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World ... more The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World War from 1940 to 1943 when they finally became part of the new regular French Air Forces. This study aims to present the activity of this special and little-known air force over the territory of Africa during this period.After the French defeat in June 1940 General Charles de Gaulle went to England to continue the fight against the Axis Forces and created the Free French Forces. Several airmen of the French Air Forces rallied to General de Gaulle which allowed the creation of the Free French Forces on 1st July 1940 under the command of Admiral Émile Muselier. The Free French commandment wanted to deploy their units during the reconquest of the French African colonies, so they were sent to participate in the occupation of French Equatorial Africa in 1940. Other flying units struggled in East and North Africa together with British troops against the invading Italian armies. These forces we...
Endre Bajomi Lázár and Franco-Hungarian military relations in the mirror of recent research
Durin... more Endre Bajomi Lázár and Franco-Hungarian military relations in the mirror of recent research During World War II, many Hungarians living in France as members of the Hungarian diaspora took an active part in the fight against the German army invading the country and, under the German Occupation, fought in the ranks of the French Resistance. At the same time, about a thousand French prisoners of war escaping from Germany were welcomed and well-treated in Hungary by local authorities. This little-known chapter of Franco-Hungarian military relations is a topic which has been little touched upon in either country. Seen from this angle, the books of Endre Bajomi Lázár are particularly revealing, since he was an actor and volunteer storyteller of the events. The purpose of this study is to present relevant works by Bajomi Lázár, and compare their contents with results of recent historical research made on this topic in both French and Hungarian archives.
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During World War II, many Hungarians living in France as members of the Hungarian diaspora took an active part in the fight against the German army invading the country and, under the German Occupation, fought in the ranks of the French Resistance. At the same time, about a thousand French prisoners of war escaping from Germany were welcomed and well-treated in Hungary by local authorities. This little-known chapter of Franco-Hungarian military relations is a topic which has been little touched upon in either country. Seen from this angle, the books of Endre Bajomi Lázár are particularly revealing, since he was an actor and volunteer storyteller of the events. The purpose of this study is to present relevant works by Bajomi Lázár, and compare their contents with results of recent historical research made on this topic in both French and Hungarian archives.