رنامه ریزی نیازمند خودآگاهی درباره نقش اش در حفظ منافع خاص، در پس ادعای منفعت عمومی است. در ایران... more رنامه ریزی نیازمند خودآگاهی درباره نقش اش در حفظ منافع خاص، در پس ادعای منفعت عمومی است. در ایران، به دلیل وارداتی بودن برنامه ریزی نوین در عرصه عمومی و بالیدن آن در بستری متفاوت از کشورهای دموکراتیک، اندیشیدن به انگاره منفعت عمومی به مثابه علّت غایی برنامه ریزی پیچیده تر است. در چنین بستری خودآگاهی برنامه ریزان از مسیر تأمل بر آنچه تا کنون در واقعیتِ این بستر اتفاق افتاده ممکن می شود. هدف این پژوهش برداشتن گامی برای نزدیک شدن به واقعیت برنامه ریزی در ایران و ربط آن به انگاره منفعت عمومی، با تمرکز بر یک برنامه تغییر کاربری زمین در شهر چمستان است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، این پژوهش از روش ردیابی نقشه نگارانه استفاده می کند. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهند که در فرایند این برنامه، سه سرهم بندی هم منفعت با مناسبات قدرت، دانش و سوژه سازی مختلف شکل گرفته اند. هر سرهم بندی در توجیه عمومی بودن منافع مورد نظرش، تمام قدرت و اختیارات خود را (همچون حق صدور مجوز، حق رأی، قدرت مالی) به کار می گیرد، اسناد کارشناسی و دانش جدید (همچون طرح امکان سنجی، طرح ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی) تولید و یا به دانشی از پیش موجود استناد می کند و به سوژه سازی از «خود» و از «دیگری» دست می زند. در نهایت آنچه سرنوشت این برنامه را رقم می زند، نه منفعت عمومی، که مناسبات و بازی های قدرت بین سرهم بندی ها برای دفاع از منافع شان است.
In the third millennium, undoubtedly tourism has been upgraded to one of the thriving bases of th... more In the third millennium, undoubtedly tourism has been upgraded to one of the thriving bases of the global economy and, on the base of findings, it can be identified as the main economic resource for many countries. Tourism, along with its many benefits, has many negative effects as well; coping with these requires us to rely on a suitable approach and proactive measures by planners and mangers, especially in the public sector. In this article we have attempted to study tourism development approaches, selecting the most suitable approach in relation to local community development. The spectrum of approaches includes the boosterism, economic (industry-oriented), spatial-geographical, community-oriented, and sustainable approaches, all of which have been described and compared, using SWOT analysis. Finally, the most appropriate approach in terms of the development of community-centered tourism has been elaborated.
Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and... more Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and plans - Unorganized, poor urban neighborhoods - Statuses of urban regeneration projects in Iran and impact of project efficiency and residents’ quality of life Introduction One of the most important challenges in today’s metropolises is the existence of unhealthy, poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries. A series of regeneration policies and plans have sought to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century to provide a better quality of life for residents of such impoverished urban spaces. Such measures have hardly been successful, however. This study has assumed that a major reason for such failures has been the lack of concern for scale in urban regeneration plans and schemes. Accordingly, two main questions have been raised here. The first pertains to the reason why the concept of scale should lie at the heart of an urban regeneration plan and to the way in which such a focus can improve plans and upgrade the quality of life in an urban residence. The second question concerns the status of urban regeneration based on the criteria and indicators considered in this study and the effects it can have on project efficiency and target residents’ quality of life. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of this study has been set only to extract the indicators and criteria of the survey (questionnaire) and to measure the quality of life in the target samples. Therefore, the intellectual approaches of sustainable urban regeneration, right scale theory, expectation-efficiency model, sustainable place-making, and collision effectiveness theory have been considered in this research simply as theoretical approaches supporting the survey. However, the arguments made in these approaches and the set of controversies that can arise about each along with the relationships between them go far beyond the references cited in this article. After all, the main components of the questionnaire for assessment of the quality of life in the target samples include the theoretical approach of the right scale, providing the required coordination between the elements, the theoretical approach of collision effectiveness, providing effectiveness, the theoretical approach of sustainable place-making, affecting target residents’ quality of life, and the theoretical approach of expectation-efficiency, affecting satisfaction. Methodology The present applied research has been designed as a systematic logical plan seeking to maximize scientific validity in the definitions, criteria, indicators, procedures, and methods of data collection and analysis and in the information and extraction and inference of the findings. Two contextual methodologies have been adopted to analyze the concept of scale, along with a survey-data methodology used to measure the quality of life. The data and information sources include censuses and questionnaires, library documents, programs and designs, and techniques of analysis, including correlation and regression (used to measure the quality of life), and meta-analysis (used to identify the scale). A set of qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) criteria has been extracted in accordance with the theoretical framework of the research. The indicators and variables extracted from theoretical approaches and global and Iranian experiences have finally been used to compile a questionnaire, the descriptive and inferential results of which have been presented in the next step of the research. Results and Discussion The results obtained for the first question of the research demonstrate that the approaches should be implemented as local small-scale regeneration projects operated in regional integration, unlike previous approaches, in which national (government) programs and projects have been implemented as large-scale renovation projects. In addition, the concept of scale is generally used today to refer to the spatial, temporal, quantitative, or analytical dimension. Scale is also a determining factor in pattern recognition, phenomenon explanation, result generation, and program and plan optimization for regeneration and achievement of satisfaction and efficiency. The results obtained for the second research question indicate the significance of the correlations between the number, initial energy, and locations of urban regeneration projects in all the sample cities and their impacts on target residents’ quality of life. Given the importance of this relationship (correlation) and fulfillment of the requirements for presentation of the prediction model in this field, a multivariate regression model has been proposed. The obtained model indicates that the factors of projects, initial energy and orientation can predict how target urban residents’ quality of life is affected in the present study. Conclusion Finally, what distinguishes this research from similar studies in the literature is the…
To date, weakness and inefficiency of Iran's regionalization system to develop a territorial ... more To date, weakness and inefficiency of Iran's regionalization system to develop a territorial coherent space based on local potentials has seriously challenged integrated management of space disrupting country's potential for sustainability. Tackling these problems has necessitated the identification of a new approach drawing on territorial complexity act as a base to determine sustainable units as a context for territorial unity. Therefore, in the light of bioregionalism approach - a framework capable of improving synergic relationships, cohesion and capacity- the current study aims to determine spatial units called bioregions as the most congruent purlieu of cultural, ecological, historical and socio-economic integrity. To map bioregions in this case study of western part of Khorasan Razavi consisting of an area of seven counties having limited ecological capacities, the cartographic design was adopted as the methodological approach. With this in mind, 10 original data laye...
Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and... more Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and plans - Unorganized, poor urban neighborhoods - Statuses of urban regeneration projects in Iran and impact of project efficiency and residents’ quality of life Introduction One of the most important challenges in today’s metropolises is the existence of unhealthy, poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries. A series of regeneration policies and plans have sought to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century to provide a better quality of life for residents of such impoverished urban spaces. Such measures have hardly been successful, however. This study has assumed that a major reason for such failures has been the lack of concern for scale in urban regeneration plans and schemes. Accordingly, two main questions have been raised here. The first pertains to the reason why the concept of scale should lie at the heart of an urban regeneration plan and to the way in which such a focus can improve plans and upgrade the quality of life in an urban residence. The second question concerns the status of urban regeneration based on the criteria and indicators considered in this study and the effects it can have on project efficiency and target residents’ quality of life. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of this study has been set only to extract the indicators and criteria of the survey (questionnaire) and to measure the quality of life in the target samples. Therefore, the intellectual approaches of sustainable urban regeneration, right scale theory, expectation-efficiency model, sustainable place-making, and collision effectiveness theory have been considered in this research simply as theoretical approaches supporting the survey. However, the arguments made in these approaches and the set of controversies that can arise about each along with the relationships between them go far beyond the references cited in this article. After all, the main components of the questionnaire for assessment of the quality of life in the target samples include the theoretical approach of the right scale, providing the required coordination between the elements, the theoretical approach of collision effectiveness, providing effectiveness, the theoretical approach of sustainable place-making, affecting target residents’ quality of life, and the theoretical approach of expectation-efficiency, affecting satisfaction. Methodology The present applied research has been designed as a systematic logical plan seeking to maximize scientific validity in the definitions, criteria, indicators, procedures, and methods of data collection and analysis and in the information and extraction and inference of the findings. Two contextual methodologies have been adopted to analyze the concept of scale, along with a survey-data methodology used to measure the quality of life. The data and information sources include censuses and questionnaires, library documents, programs and designs, and techniques of analysis, including correlation and regression (used to measure the quality of life), and meta-analysis (used to identify the scale). A set of qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) criteria has been extracted in accordance with the theoretical framework of the research. The indicators and variables extracted from theoretical approaches and global and Iranian experiences have finally been used to compile a questionnaire, the descriptive and inferential results of which have been presented in the next step of the research. Results and Discussion The results obtained for the first question of the research demonstrate that the approaches should be implemented as local small-scale regeneration projects operated in regional integration, unlike previous approaches, in which national (government) programs and projects have been implemented as large-scale renovation projects. In addition, the concept of scale is generally used today to refer to the spatial, temporal, quantitative, or analytical dimension. Scale is also a determining factor in pattern recognition, phenomenon explanation, result generation, and program and plan optimization for regeneration and achievement of satisfaction and efficiency. The results obtained for the second research question indicate the significance of the correlations between the number, initial energy, and locations of urban regeneration projects in all the sample cities and their impacts on target residents’ quality of life. Given the importance of this relationship (correlation) and fulfillment of the requirements for presentation of the prediction model in this field, a multivariate regression model has been proposed. The obtained model indicates that the factors of projects, initial energy and orientation can predict how target urban residents’ quality of life is affected in the present study. Conclusion Finally, what distinguishes this research from similar studies in the literature is the…
رنامه ریزی نیازمند خودآگاهی درباره نقش اش در حفظ منافع خاص، در پس ادعای منفعت عمومی است. در ایران... more رنامه ریزی نیازمند خودآگاهی درباره نقش اش در حفظ منافع خاص، در پس ادعای منفعت عمومی است. در ایران، به دلیل وارداتی بودن برنامه ریزی نوین در عرصه عمومی و بالیدن آن در بستری متفاوت از کشورهای دموکراتیک، اندیشیدن به انگاره منفعت عمومی به مثابه علّت غایی برنامه ریزی پیچیده تر است. در چنین بستری خودآگاهی برنامه ریزان از مسیر تأمل بر آنچه تا کنون در واقعیتِ این بستر اتفاق افتاده ممکن می شود. هدف این پژوهش برداشتن گامی برای نزدیک شدن به واقعیت برنامه ریزی در ایران و ربط آن به انگاره منفعت عمومی، با تمرکز بر یک برنامه تغییر کاربری زمین در شهر چمستان است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، این پژوهش از روش ردیابی نقشه نگارانه استفاده می کند. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهند که در فرایند این برنامه، سه سرهم بندی هم منفعت با مناسبات قدرت، دانش و سوژه سازی مختلف شکل گرفته اند. هر سرهم بندی در توجیه عمومی بودن منافع مورد نظرش، تمام قدرت و اختیارات خود را (همچون حق صدور مجوز، حق رأی، قدرت مالی) به کار می گیرد، اسناد کارشناسی و دانش جدید (همچون طرح امکان سنجی، طرح ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی) تولید و یا به دانشی از پیش موجود استناد می کند و به سوژه سازی از «خود» و از «دیگری» دست می زند. در نهایت آنچه سرنوشت این برنامه را رقم می زند، نه منفعت عمومی، که مناسبات و بازی های قدرت بین سرهم بندی ها برای دفاع از منافع شان است.
In the third millennium, undoubtedly tourism has been upgraded to one of the thriving bases of th... more In the third millennium, undoubtedly tourism has been upgraded to one of the thriving bases of the global economy and, on the base of findings, it can be identified as the main economic resource for many countries. Tourism, along with its many benefits, has many negative effects as well; coping with these requires us to rely on a suitable approach and proactive measures by planners and mangers, especially in the public sector. In this article we have attempted to study tourism development approaches, selecting the most suitable approach in relation to local community development. The spectrum of approaches includes the boosterism, economic (industry-oriented), spatial-geographical, community-oriented, and sustainable approaches, all of which have been described and compared, using SWOT analysis. Finally, the most appropriate approach in terms of the development of community-centered tourism has been elaborated.
Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and... more Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and plans - Unorganized, poor urban neighborhoods - Statuses of urban regeneration projects in Iran and impact of project efficiency and residents’ quality of life Introduction One of the most important challenges in today’s metropolises is the existence of unhealthy, poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries. A series of regeneration policies and plans have sought to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century to provide a better quality of life for residents of such impoverished urban spaces. Such measures have hardly been successful, however. This study has assumed that a major reason for such failures has been the lack of concern for scale in urban regeneration plans and schemes. Accordingly, two main questions have been raised here. The first pertains to the reason why the concept of scale should lie at the heart of an urban regeneration plan and to the way in which such a focus can improve plans and upgrade the quality of life in an urban residence. The second question concerns the status of urban regeneration based on the criteria and indicators considered in this study and the effects it can have on project efficiency and target residents’ quality of life. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of this study has been set only to extract the indicators and criteria of the survey (questionnaire) and to measure the quality of life in the target samples. Therefore, the intellectual approaches of sustainable urban regeneration, right scale theory, expectation-efficiency model, sustainable place-making, and collision effectiveness theory have been considered in this research simply as theoretical approaches supporting the survey. However, the arguments made in these approaches and the set of controversies that can arise about each along with the relationships between them go far beyond the references cited in this article. After all, the main components of the questionnaire for assessment of the quality of life in the target samples include the theoretical approach of the right scale, providing the required coordination between the elements, the theoretical approach of collision effectiveness, providing effectiveness, the theoretical approach of sustainable place-making, affecting target residents’ quality of life, and the theoretical approach of expectation-efficiency, affecting satisfaction. Methodology The present applied research has been designed as a systematic logical plan seeking to maximize scientific validity in the definitions, criteria, indicators, procedures, and methods of data collection and analysis and in the information and extraction and inference of the findings. Two contextual methodologies have been adopted to analyze the concept of scale, along with a survey-data methodology used to measure the quality of life. The data and information sources include censuses and questionnaires, library documents, programs and designs, and techniques of analysis, including correlation and regression (used to measure the quality of life), and meta-analysis (used to identify the scale). A set of qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) criteria has been extracted in accordance with the theoretical framework of the research. The indicators and variables extracted from theoretical approaches and global and Iranian experiences have finally been used to compile a questionnaire, the descriptive and inferential results of which have been presented in the next step of the research. Results and Discussion The results obtained for the first question of the research demonstrate that the approaches should be implemented as local small-scale regeneration projects operated in regional integration, unlike previous approaches, in which national (government) programs and projects have been implemented as large-scale renovation projects. In addition, the concept of scale is generally used today to refer to the spatial, temporal, quantitative, or analytical dimension. Scale is also a determining factor in pattern recognition, phenomenon explanation, result generation, and program and plan optimization for regeneration and achievement of satisfaction and efficiency. The results obtained for the second research question indicate the significance of the correlations between the number, initial energy, and locations of urban regeneration projects in all the sample cities and their impacts on target residents’ quality of life. Given the importance of this relationship (correlation) and fulfillment of the requirements for presentation of the prediction model in this field, a multivariate regression model has been proposed. The obtained model indicates that the factors of projects, initial energy and orientation can predict how target urban residents’ quality of life is affected in the present study. Conclusion Finally, what distinguishes this research from similar studies in the literature is the…
To date, weakness and inefficiency of Iran's regionalization system to develop a territorial ... more To date, weakness and inefficiency of Iran's regionalization system to develop a territorial coherent space based on local potentials has seriously challenged integrated management of space disrupting country's potential for sustainability. Tackling these problems has necessitated the identification of a new approach drawing on territorial complexity act as a base to determine sustainable units as a context for territorial unity. Therefore, in the light of bioregionalism approach - a framework capable of improving synergic relationships, cohesion and capacity- the current study aims to determine spatial units called bioregions as the most congruent purlieu of cultural, ecological, historical and socio-economic integrity. To map bioregions in this case study of western part of Khorasan Razavi consisting of an area of seven counties having limited ecological capacities, the cartographic design was adopted as the methodological approach. With this in mind, 10 original data laye...
Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and... more Highlights - Improvement of residents’ quality of life - Scale in urban regeneration programs and plans - Unorganized, poor urban neighborhoods - Statuses of urban regeneration projects in Iran and impact of project efficiency and residents’ quality of life Introduction One of the most important challenges in today’s metropolises is the existence of unhealthy, poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries. A series of regeneration policies and plans have sought to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century to provide a better quality of life for residents of such impoverished urban spaces. Such measures have hardly been successful, however. This study has assumed that a major reason for such failures has been the lack of concern for scale in urban regeneration plans and schemes. Accordingly, two main questions have been raised here. The first pertains to the reason why the concept of scale should lie at the heart of an urban regeneration plan and to the way in which such a focus can improve plans and upgrade the quality of life in an urban residence. The second question concerns the status of urban regeneration based on the criteria and indicators considered in this study and the effects it can have on project efficiency and target residents’ quality of life. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of this study has been set only to extract the indicators and criteria of the survey (questionnaire) and to measure the quality of life in the target samples. Therefore, the intellectual approaches of sustainable urban regeneration, right scale theory, expectation-efficiency model, sustainable place-making, and collision effectiveness theory have been considered in this research simply as theoretical approaches supporting the survey. However, the arguments made in these approaches and the set of controversies that can arise about each along with the relationships between them go far beyond the references cited in this article. After all, the main components of the questionnaire for assessment of the quality of life in the target samples include the theoretical approach of the right scale, providing the required coordination between the elements, the theoretical approach of collision effectiveness, providing effectiveness, the theoretical approach of sustainable place-making, affecting target residents’ quality of life, and the theoretical approach of expectation-efficiency, affecting satisfaction. Methodology The present applied research has been designed as a systematic logical plan seeking to maximize scientific validity in the definitions, criteria, indicators, procedures, and methods of data collection and analysis and in the information and extraction and inference of the findings. Two contextual methodologies have been adopted to analyze the concept of scale, along with a survey-data methodology used to measure the quality of life. The data and information sources include censuses and questionnaires, library documents, programs and designs, and techniques of analysis, including correlation and regression (used to measure the quality of life), and meta-analysis (used to identify the scale). A set of qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) criteria has been extracted in accordance with the theoretical framework of the research. The indicators and variables extracted from theoretical approaches and global and Iranian experiences have finally been used to compile a questionnaire, the descriptive and inferential results of which have been presented in the next step of the research. Results and Discussion The results obtained for the first question of the research demonstrate that the approaches should be implemented as local small-scale regeneration projects operated in regional integration, unlike previous approaches, in which national (government) programs and projects have been implemented as large-scale renovation projects. In addition, the concept of scale is generally used today to refer to the spatial, temporal, quantitative, or analytical dimension. Scale is also a determining factor in pattern recognition, phenomenon explanation, result generation, and program and plan optimization for regeneration and achievement of satisfaction and efficiency. The results obtained for the second research question indicate the significance of the correlations between the number, initial energy, and locations of urban regeneration projects in all the sample cities and their impacts on target residents’ quality of life. Given the importance of this relationship (correlation) and fulfillment of the requirements for presentation of the prediction model in this field, a multivariate regression model has been proposed. The obtained model indicates that the factors of projects, initial energy and orientation can predict how target urban residents’ quality of life is affected in the present study. Conclusion Finally, what distinguishes this research from similar studies in the literature is the…
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