I wrote PhD thesis of Disinsection of wood by means of paradichlorobenzene and formalin vapours. I'm interested in applied entomology especially of pest control ksylofagic insects and termites and also in influence of mould and fungi on the condition of these insects. I was worked with Electro-acoustic signals as the detection method of Wood-destroying insects in wooden constructions. I have my own business Fole art . I made mycological - building expertise. New project - Truflart
According to Dz. U. nr 75 of 15 June 2002, building law does not allow visible signs of mold fung... more According to Dz. U. nr 75 of 15 June 2002, building law does not allow visible signs of mold fungi in rooms used by people and imposes immediate renovation because of exposure to spores. Which being absorbed via airway and skin may be main sources of three forms: infection, allergy and toxicity. Mycotoxins get to the organism via digestive tract or airway with dust particles or food.
ABSTRACT The paper concerns investigation the effectiveness of p dichlorobenzene vapour for insec... more ABSTRACT The paper concerns investigation the effectiveness of p dichlorobenzene vapour for insects controlling in Scots pinewood (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research has been conducted on old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.), a dangerous pest in wooden buildings in Middle-East Europe. Electro-acoustic method was applied to the monitoring of the insect larvae activity in wood.
The wood present in trade in Poland named as ‘Siberian larch’, in fact belongs to two tree specie... more The wood present in trade in Poland named as ‘Siberian larch’, in fact belongs to two tree species: Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. The term itself is rather associated with the origin of wood. While Larix sibirica wood is the subject of many research, characteristics of Larix gmelinii still require additions. The main aim of this paper was to describe the technical properties of Dahurian larch wood. We characterised also the microstructure of the wood. Moreover, durability against fungi−caused brown rot was tested. The wood from the Chabarowsk area (Russia) was tested. The properties of wood were determined in accordance with the recom− mendations of the Polish standards. The obtained results allow to conclude that Dahurian larch wood is characterized by medium shrinkage and typical shrinkage anisotropy (total radial shrinkage was 5.0% and in the tangential direction 7.6%). With the average density of this wood in an air−dry state equal to 620 kg/m3, average mechanical properties are associated – modulus of elasticity 12.5 GPa and Janka hardness on the cross−section of 57 MPa. These values are similar to those of Siberian larch. Dahurian larch heartwoods is characterized by low durability (4th class of natural durability to fungi in a 5−degree scale). It causes that wood used in external environment require special attention and use of wood preservatives.
Drewno to materiał ekologiczny, zdrowy i piękny, jednocześnie zaś niezwykle wrażliwy
i wymagający... more Drewno to materiał ekologiczny, zdrowy i piękny, jednocześnie zaś niezwykle wrażliwy i wymagający nie tylko właściwej konserwacji, ale także zabezpieczenia przed wilgocią czy nadmiernym przesuszeniem oraz ochrony przed czynnikami biologicznymi, takimi jak atak owadów lub zagrzybienie.
Experiments were undertaken in connection with the need, indicated in the literature, for the pro... more Experiments were undertaken in connection with the need, indicated in the literature, for the proper choice of a substance enhancing the effect of a low oxygen atmosphere used as a means of controlling wood boring insects in museum collections and historical objects. A low oxygen atmosphere itself causes the death of wood boring insects after a relatively long period of application. Thus, attempts were made to use p-dichlorobenzene to accelerate the effects of a low oxygen atmosphere in the control of wood boring insects. The experiments were performed as a continuation of preliminary research on the effect of p-dichlorobenzene on Anobiidae in an aerobic atmosphere. The paper present the results of gassing Anobium punctatum and Ptilinus pectinicornis (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) larvae with 1,4-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. The experiments were performed in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 20°C on larvae extracted from wood. The results do not show a faster elimination of larvae of either species using p-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere as compared to using p-dichlorobenzene in an aerobic atmosphere. Complete eradication of larvae in the test groups was obtained after 48 hours when using p-dichlorobenzene in nitrogen. The results obtained when using p-dichlorobenzene in argon appear to be worse at fumigation times shorter than 48 hours.
Problem ochrony zbiorów muzealnych i bibliotecznych przed szkodnikami jest jednym z poważniejszyc... more Problem ochrony zbiorów muzealnych i bibliotecznych przed szkodnikami jest jednym z poważniejszych problemów, z jakim borykają się te placówki. Już w 1774 roku Królewskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Getyndze ogłosiła konkurs na pracę na temat ochrony zbiorów archiwalnych i bibliotecznych. Praca miał dotyczyć gatunków owadów, które są szkodliwe dla tych zabiorów. Ile jest ich gatunków? Jakie materiały uszkadzają? Jakie są praktyczne środki zaradcze? Nagrodę otrzymała praca niejakiego J. Hermanna ze Strasburga. Wagę problemu podkreśla fakt ogłoszenia konkursu przez Królewskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, a podjęty temat właściwe do dziś pozostaje aktualny, a szczególnie jego ostatnie zagadnienie.
Skanseny, czyli muzea na wolnym powietrzu, termin ten pochodzi od pierwszej ekspozycji na wyspie ... more Skanseny, czyli muzea na wolnym powietrzu, termin ten pochodzi od pierwszej ekspozycji na wyspie Djurgarden w Sztokholmie wykonanej w 1891, a twórcą jej był Artur Immanuel Hazelius publicysta, polityk a także badacz folkloru. Ta forma ochrony i ekspozycji zabytków szybko znalazła wielu naśladowców. Do dziś na ziemiach polskich jest kilkadziesiąt takich obiektów zrzeszonych w Stowarzyszeniu Muzeów na Wolnym Powietrzu w Polsce. Muzea te z reguły są tak budowane by tworzyły zespół zabytkowych obiektów, które odzwierciedlają kulturę i historię danego regionu.
The article presents the results of a test on the resistance of Neolithic waterlogged
beech wood ... more The article presents the results of a test on the resistance of Neolithic waterlogged beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) to destruction by subterranean Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi. Methodology consistent with the ASTM D 3345-08 Standard was applied in the experiment. In the coercion test, the modern beech wood was destroyed at an intermediate stage between light attack and moderate attack with penetration, whereas the pine sapwood was heavily damaged. Under the same conditions, the waterlogged beech wood was seriously damaged or completely destroyed by the termites. However, unlike the modern pine and beech wood, all the termites died after feeding on the waterlogged beech wood. In spite of the complete destruction of the waterlogged beech wood in the coercion test, it seems that under natural conditions where there is a possible choice between different wood species, the infestation by termites of waterlogged wood uncovered in archaeological work does not necessarily happen. Wood containing few nutritional substances and substantial lignin, as well as having a high moisture content facilitating the development of parasitic microorganisms, will deter termites. Keywords: beech, biodegradation, environmental changes, termites, waterlogged
Ozon jest coraz częściej stosowany do dezynfekcji powietrza nie tylko w domach, ale również w obi... more Ozon jest coraz częściej stosowany do dezynfekcji powietrza nie tylko w domach, ale również w obiektach użyteczności publicznej, w celu pozbycia się groźnych dla człowieka mikroorganizmów chorobotwórczych. Moda czy konieczność?
Microbiological research of the collection of book cabinets in the Wladyslaw Grabski Library.
Thr... more Microbiological research of the collection of book cabinets in the Wladyslaw Grabski Library. Through the ability to adapt to most conditions, mold is capable of colonizing most technical materials. In the case of libraries, mold generally inhabits wooden cabinets, parts of books, papers and other materials rich with nutrients. This study was motivated by the emergence of efflorescence in book collections and on the wooden walls of the libraries' cabinets in SGGW Library. The sampling method used on the gravitational sedimentation of biological aerosol to the medium. Identification was made on the basis of micro- and macro observation. The identification has allowed to determine the following molds: Penicillium chryzogenum, Penicillium meleagrinum, and Acremonium charticola. All of the listed species can cause human disease, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of molds both on the book collection but also on human health. After concluding the research and the analysis of the results, the book collections were fumigated with S-9 gas, and the cabinets were sterilized using10% sterinol. Keywords: library, microbiological contamination, molds
This paper presents the results of a study on natural durability of selected tropical wood specie... more This paper presents the results of a study on natural durability of selected tropical wood species from South America and Africa affected by Serpula lacrymans (Wulf., Fr.) Schroet. Tabebuia sp. and Autranella congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev. wood displayed the highest class of natural durability. They were ranked to first class in terms of natural durability. Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. exhibited the lowest resistance to fungal activity. It was classified third class in terms of natural durability presented in European standards.
This paper presents the results of studies on fumigation by p-dichlorobenzene vapor different dev... more This paper presents the results of studies on fumigation by p-dichlorobenzene vapor different developmental stages of Tenebrio molitor Linneus (1758) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). Tenebrio molitor is a common pest of cereal grains and cereal foods and occasional pest of wooden packaging, the used for storage of these products. The fight against wood-destroying insects by means of low oxygen atmosphere has for many years have drawn a lot of attention. It is, however, relatively long- term intervention compared to control pest by means of toxic gases. Therefore, attempts were made to speed up the procedure by adding paradichlorobenzene to the low oxygen atmosphere. Tenebrio molitor is similar in size to Old-house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L., Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), a dangerous pest of wood in the European construction, and at the same time an easy species to breed a large number of specimens in various stages of development. Therefore, it seems to be interesting test insect for suc...
The paper presents the results of fumigation of wood-destroying insects using 1,4 dichlorobenzene... more The paper presents the results of fumigation of wood-destroying insects using 1,4 dichlorobenzene. Larvae of Anobium punctatum De Geer and Ptilinus pectinicornis L. were fumigated in the laboratory aerobic atmosphere at the temperature of 20 and 30°C, while settled within wood samples or outside wood. P. pectinicornis beetles were fumigated outside at 20°C only. The final concentration of p-dichlorobenzene in the air and insect mortality were recorded. Experiments have been undertaken due to selection necessity of substances supporting the effects of low-oxygen atmosphere, which is used to control wood-destroying insects in the collections of museums. The paper presents experiments of the first phase, in aerobic conditions. The results obtained are encouraging.
The paper presents the research on registration of electroacoustic signals as the method of detec... more The paper presents the research on registration of electroacoustic signals as the method of detection wood destroying insects. The tests were conducted on old house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus L.) and common furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum De Geer) in a coniferous wood. It has been proved that the use of electroacoustic method for the detection of insects in the wooden construction have the great potential. The advantages and the disadvantages of the method and its application in Poland were discussed.
According to Dz. U. nr 75 of 15 June 2002, building law does not allow visible signs of mold fung... more According to Dz. U. nr 75 of 15 June 2002, building law does not allow visible signs of mold fungi in rooms used by people and imposes immediate renovation because of exposure to spores. Which being absorbed via airway and skin may be main sources of three forms: infection, allergy and toxicity. Mycotoxins get to the organism via digestive tract or airway with dust particles or food.
ABSTRACT The paper concerns investigation the effectiveness of p dichlorobenzene vapour for insec... more ABSTRACT The paper concerns investigation the effectiveness of p dichlorobenzene vapour for insects controlling in Scots pinewood (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research has been conducted on old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.), a dangerous pest in wooden buildings in Middle-East Europe. Electro-acoustic method was applied to the monitoring of the insect larvae activity in wood.
The wood present in trade in Poland named as ‘Siberian larch’, in fact belongs to two tree specie... more The wood present in trade in Poland named as ‘Siberian larch’, in fact belongs to two tree species: Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. The term itself is rather associated with the origin of wood. While Larix sibirica wood is the subject of many research, characteristics of Larix gmelinii still require additions. The main aim of this paper was to describe the technical properties of Dahurian larch wood. We characterised also the microstructure of the wood. Moreover, durability against fungi−caused brown rot was tested. The wood from the Chabarowsk area (Russia) was tested. The properties of wood were determined in accordance with the recom− mendations of the Polish standards. The obtained results allow to conclude that Dahurian larch wood is characterized by medium shrinkage and typical shrinkage anisotropy (total radial shrinkage was 5.0% and in the tangential direction 7.6%). With the average density of this wood in an air−dry state equal to 620 kg/m3, average mechanical properties are associated – modulus of elasticity 12.5 GPa and Janka hardness on the cross−section of 57 MPa. These values are similar to those of Siberian larch. Dahurian larch heartwoods is characterized by low durability (4th class of natural durability to fungi in a 5−degree scale). It causes that wood used in external environment require special attention and use of wood preservatives.
Drewno to materiał ekologiczny, zdrowy i piękny, jednocześnie zaś niezwykle wrażliwy
i wymagający... more Drewno to materiał ekologiczny, zdrowy i piękny, jednocześnie zaś niezwykle wrażliwy i wymagający nie tylko właściwej konserwacji, ale także zabezpieczenia przed wilgocią czy nadmiernym przesuszeniem oraz ochrony przed czynnikami biologicznymi, takimi jak atak owadów lub zagrzybienie.
Experiments were undertaken in connection with the need, indicated in the literature, for the pro... more Experiments were undertaken in connection with the need, indicated in the literature, for the proper choice of a substance enhancing the effect of a low oxygen atmosphere used as a means of controlling wood boring insects in museum collections and historical objects. A low oxygen atmosphere itself causes the death of wood boring insects after a relatively long period of application. Thus, attempts were made to use p-dichlorobenzene to accelerate the effects of a low oxygen atmosphere in the control of wood boring insects. The experiments were performed as a continuation of preliminary research on the effect of p-dichlorobenzene on Anobiidae in an aerobic atmosphere. The paper present the results of gassing Anobium punctatum and Ptilinus pectinicornis (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) larvae with 1,4-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. The experiments were performed in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 20°C on larvae extracted from wood. The results do not show a faster elimination of larvae of either species using p-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere as compared to using p-dichlorobenzene in an aerobic atmosphere. Complete eradication of larvae in the test groups was obtained after 48 hours when using p-dichlorobenzene in nitrogen. The results obtained when using p-dichlorobenzene in argon appear to be worse at fumigation times shorter than 48 hours.
Problem ochrony zbiorów muzealnych i bibliotecznych przed szkodnikami jest jednym z poważniejszyc... more Problem ochrony zbiorów muzealnych i bibliotecznych przed szkodnikami jest jednym z poważniejszych problemów, z jakim borykają się te placówki. Już w 1774 roku Królewskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Getyndze ogłosiła konkurs na pracę na temat ochrony zbiorów archiwalnych i bibliotecznych. Praca miał dotyczyć gatunków owadów, które są szkodliwe dla tych zabiorów. Ile jest ich gatunków? Jakie materiały uszkadzają? Jakie są praktyczne środki zaradcze? Nagrodę otrzymała praca niejakiego J. Hermanna ze Strasburga. Wagę problemu podkreśla fakt ogłoszenia konkursu przez Królewskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, a podjęty temat właściwe do dziś pozostaje aktualny, a szczególnie jego ostatnie zagadnienie.
Skanseny, czyli muzea na wolnym powietrzu, termin ten pochodzi od pierwszej ekspozycji na wyspie ... more Skanseny, czyli muzea na wolnym powietrzu, termin ten pochodzi od pierwszej ekspozycji na wyspie Djurgarden w Sztokholmie wykonanej w 1891, a twórcą jej był Artur Immanuel Hazelius publicysta, polityk a także badacz folkloru. Ta forma ochrony i ekspozycji zabytków szybko znalazła wielu naśladowców. Do dziś na ziemiach polskich jest kilkadziesiąt takich obiektów zrzeszonych w Stowarzyszeniu Muzeów na Wolnym Powietrzu w Polsce. Muzea te z reguły są tak budowane by tworzyły zespół zabytkowych obiektów, które odzwierciedlają kulturę i historię danego regionu.
The article presents the results of a test on the resistance of Neolithic waterlogged
beech wood ... more The article presents the results of a test on the resistance of Neolithic waterlogged beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) to destruction by subterranean Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi. Methodology consistent with the ASTM D 3345-08 Standard was applied in the experiment. In the coercion test, the modern beech wood was destroyed at an intermediate stage between light attack and moderate attack with penetration, whereas the pine sapwood was heavily damaged. Under the same conditions, the waterlogged beech wood was seriously damaged or completely destroyed by the termites. However, unlike the modern pine and beech wood, all the termites died after feeding on the waterlogged beech wood. In spite of the complete destruction of the waterlogged beech wood in the coercion test, it seems that under natural conditions where there is a possible choice between different wood species, the infestation by termites of waterlogged wood uncovered in archaeological work does not necessarily happen. Wood containing few nutritional substances and substantial lignin, as well as having a high moisture content facilitating the development of parasitic microorganisms, will deter termites. Keywords: beech, biodegradation, environmental changes, termites, waterlogged
Ozon jest coraz częściej stosowany do dezynfekcji powietrza nie tylko w domach, ale również w obi... more Ozon jest coraz częściej stosowany do dezynfekcji powietrza nie tylko w domach, ale również w obiektach użyteczności publicznej, w celu pozbycia się groźnych dla człowieka mikroorganizmów chorobotwórczych. Moda czy konieczność?
Microbiological research of the collection of book cabinets in the Wladyslaw Grabski Library.
Thr... more Microbiological research of the collection of book cabinets in the Wladyslaw Grabski Library. Through the ability to adapt to most conditions, mold is capable of colonizing most technical materials. In the case of libraries, mold generally inhabits wooden cabinets, parts of books, papers and other materials rich with nutrients. This study was motivated by the emergence of efflorescence in book collections and on the wooden walls of the libraries' cabinets in SGGW Library. The sampling method used on the gravitational sedimentation of biological aerosol to the medium. Identification was made on the basis of micro- and macro observation. The identification has allowed to determine the following molds: Penicillium chryzogenum, Penicillium meleagrinum, and Acremonium charticola. All of the listed species can cause human disease, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of molds both on the book collection but also on human health. After concluding the research and the analysis of the results, the book collections were fumigated with S-9 gas, and the cabinets were sterilized using10% sterinol. Keywords: library, microbiological contamination, molds
This paper presents the results of a study on natural durability of selected tropical wood specie... more This paper presents the results of a study on natural durability of selected tropical wood species from South America and Africa affected by Serpula lacrymans (Wulf., Fr.) Schroet. Tabebuia sp. and Autranella congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev. wood displayed the highest class of natural durability. They were ranked to first class in terms of natural durability. Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. exhibited the lowest resistance to fungal activity. It was classified third class in terms of natural durability presented in European standards.
This paper presents the results of studies on fumigation by p-dichlorobenzene vapor different dev... more This paper presents the results of studies on fumigation by p-dichlorobenzene vapor different developmental stages of Tenebrio molitor Linneus (1758) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). Tenebrio molitor is a common pest of cereal grains and cereal foods and occasional pest of wooden packaging, the used for storage of these products. The fight against wood-destroying insects by means of low oxygen atmosphere has for many years have drawn a lot of attention. It is, however, relatively long- term intervention compared to control pest by means of toxic gases. Therefore, attempts were made to speed up the procedure by adding paradichlorobenzene to the low oxygen atmosphere. Tenebrio molitor is similar in size to Old-house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L., Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), a dangerous pest of wood in the European construction, and at the same time an easy species to breed a large number of specimens in various stages of development. Therefore, it seems to be interesting test insect for suc...
The paper presents the results of fumigation of wood-destroying insects using 1,4 dichlorobenzene... more The paper presents the results of fumigation of wood-destroying insects using 1,4 dichlorobenzene. Larvae of Anobium punctatum De Geer and Ptilinus pectinicornis L. were fumigated in the laboratory aerobic atmosphere at the temperature of 20 and 30°C, while settled within wood samples or outside wood. P. pectinicornis beetles were fumigated outside at 20°C only. The final concentration of p-dichlorobenzene in the air and insect mortality were recorded. Experiments have been undertaken due to selection necessity of substances supporting the effects of low-oxygen atmosphere, which is used to control wood-destroying insects in the collections of museums. The paper presents experiments of the first phase, in aerobic conditions. The results obtained are encouraging.
The paper presents the research on registration of electroacoustic signals as the method of detec... more The paper presents the research on registration of electroacoustic signals as the method of detection wood destroying insects. The tests were conducted on old house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus L.) and common furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum De Geer) in a coniferous wood. It has been proved that the use of electroacoustic method for the detection of insects in the wooden construction have the great potential. The advantages and the disadvantages of the method and its application in Poland were discussed.
IPM (Integrated Pest Management) ist ein System, das auf der Erkenntnis basiert, dass unsere Umwe... more IPM (Integrated Pest Management) ist ein System, das auf der Erkenntnis basiert, dass unsere Umwelt ein Ort der Existenz von sehr vielen Lebenswesen ist in unserem speziellen Fall von Insekten die hier zahlreiche Wechselwirkungen geschaffen haben.
Grzyby pleśniowe są mikroorganizmami powszechnie obecnymi w naszych mieszkaniach, domach, miejscu... more Grzyby pleśniowe są mikroorganizmami powszechnie obecnymi w naszych mieszkaniach, domach, miejscu pracy, bibliotekach czy kolekcjach. Problem masowego rozwoju pleśni dotyczy nie tylko starych, zaniedbanych i niedogrzanych budynków, ale również nowobudowanych obiektów.
Ludzie przebywający w zagrzybionych pomieszczeniach są narażani na działanie czynników alergennych - zarodniki grzybów. Zarodniki znajdujące się w powietrzu mogą powodować katar sienny, zapalenie spojówek, migreny i inne reakcje alergiczne lub schorzenia grzybicze. W muzeach lub bibliotekach narażone są również często cenne zbiory. Stąd pojawiająca się potrzeba identyfikacji rodzajów i gatunków grzybów pleśniowych z wykorzystaniem obserwacji mikroskopowych.
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Papers by Aleksandra Wójcik - Mészároš
Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. The term itself is rather associated with
the origin of wood. While Larix sibirica wood is the subject of many research, characteristics of
Larix gmelinii still require additions. The main aim of this paper was to describe the technical
properties of Dahurian larch wood. We characterised also the microstructure of the wood.
Moreover, durability against fungi−caused brown rot was tested. The wood from the Chabarowsk
area (Russia) was tested. The properties of wood were determined in accordance with the recom−
mendations of the Polish standards. The obtained results allow to conclude that Dahurian larch
wood is characterized by medium shrinkage and typical shrinkage anisotropy (total radial shrinkage
was 5.0% and in the tangential direction 7.6%). With the average density of this wood in an air−dry
state equal to 620 kg/m3, average mechanical properties are associated – modulus of elasticity
12.5 GPa and Janka hardness on the cross−section of 57 MPa. These values are similar to those
of Siberian larch. Dahurian larch heartwoods is characterized by low durability (4th class of natural
durability to fungi in a 5−degree scale). It causes that wood used in external environment
require special attention and use of wood preservatives.
i wymagający nie tylko właściwej konserwacji, ale także zabezpieczenia przed wilgocią
czy nadmiernym przesuszeniem oraz ochrony przed czynnikami biologicznymi, takimi
jak atak owadów lub zagrzybienie.
beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) to destruction by subterranean Reticulitermes
lucifugus Rossi. Methodology consistent with the ASTM D 3345-08 Standard was
applied in the experiment. In the coercion test, the modern beech wood was
destroyed at an intermediate stage between light attack and moderate attack with
penetration, whereas the pine sapwood was heavily damaged. Under the same
conditions, the waterlogged beech wood was seriously damaged or completely
destroyed by the termites. However, unlike the modern pine and beech wood, all
the termites died after feeding on the waterlogged beech wood. In spite of the
complete destruction of the waterlogged beech wood in the coercion test, it seems
that under natural conditions where there is a possible choice between different
wood species, the infestation by termites of waterlogged wood uncovered in
archaeological work does not necessarily happen. Wood containing few
nutritional substances and substantial lignin, as well as having a high moisture
content facilitating the development of parasitic microorganisms, will deter
termites.
Keywords: beech, biodegradation, environmental changes, termites, waterlogged
Through the ability to adapt to most conditions, mold is capable of colonizing most technical materials. In the
case of libraries, mold generally inhabits wooden cabinets, parts of books, papers and other materials rich with
nutrients. This study was motivated by the emergence of efflorescence in book collections and on the wooden
walls of the libraries' cabinets in SGGW Library. The sampling method used on the gravitational sedimentation
of biological aerosol to the medium. Identification was made on the basis of micro- and macro observation. The
identification has allowed to determine the following molds: Penicillium chryzogenum, Penicillium
meleagrinum, and Acremonium charticola. All of the listed species can cause human disease, therefore it is
necessary to pay attention to the influence of molds both on the book collection but also on human health.
After concluding the research and the analysis of the results, the book collections were fumigated with S-9 gas,
and the cabinets were sterilized using10% sterinol.
Keywords: library, microbiological contamination, molds
South America and Africa affected by Serpula lacrymans (Wulf., Fr.) Schroet. Tabebuia sp. and Autranella
congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev. wood displayed the highest class of natural durability. They were ranked to first
class in terms of natural durability. Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. exhibited the lowest resistance to fungal
activity. It was classified third class in terms of natural durability presented in European standards.
Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. The term itself is rather associated with
the origin of wood. While Larix sibirica wood is the subject of many research, characteristics of
Larix gmelinii still require additions. The main aim of this paper was to describe the technical
properties of Dahurian larch wood. We characterised also the microstructure of the wood.
Moreover, durability against fungi−caused brown rot was tested. The wood from the Chabarowsk
area (Russia) was tested. The properties of wood were determined in accordance with the recom−
mendations of the Polish standards. The obtained results allow to conclude that Dahurian larch
wood is characterized by medium shrinkage and typical shrinkage anisotropy (total radial shrinkage
was 5.0% and in the tangential direction 7.6%). With the average density of this wood in an air−dry
state equal to 620 kg/m3, average mechanical properties are associated – modulus of elasticity
12.5 GPa and Janka hardness on the cross−section of 57 MPa. These values are similar to those
of Siberian larch. Dahurian larch heartwoods is characterized by low durability (4th class of natural
durability to fungi in a 5−degree scale). It causes that wood used in external environment
require special attention and use of wood preservatives.
i wymagający nie tylko właściwej konserwacji, ale także zabezpieczenia przed wilgocią
czy nadmiernym przesuszeniem oraz ochrony przed czynnikami biologicznymi, takimi
jak atak owadów lub zagrzybienie.
beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) to destruction by subterranean Reticulitermes
lucifugus Rossi. Methodology consistent with the ASTM D 3345-08 Standard was
applied in the experiment. In the coercion test, the modern beech wood was
destroyed at an intermediate stage between light attack and moderate attack with
penetration, whereas the pine sapwood was heavily damaged. Under the same
conditions, the waterlogged beech wood was seriously damaged or completely
destroyed by the termites. However, unlike the modern pine and beech wood, all
the termites died after feeding on the waterlogged beech wood. In spite of the
complete destruction of the waterlogged beech wood in the coercion test, it seems
that under natural conditions where there is a possible choice between different
wood species, the infestation by termites of waterlogged wood uncovered in
archaeological work does not necessarily happen. Wood containing few
nutritional substances and substantial lignin, as well as having a high moisture
content facilitating the development of parasitic microorganisms, will deter
termites.
Keywords: beech, biodegradation, environmental changes, termites, waterlogged
Through the ability to adapt to most conditions, mold is capable of colonizing most technical materials. In the
case of libraries, mold generally inhabits wooden cabinets, parts of books, papers and other materials rich with
nutrients. This study was motivated by the emergence of efflorescence in book collections and on the wooden
walls of the libraries' cabinets in SGGW Library. The sampling method used on the gravitational sedimentation
of biological aerosol to the medium. Identification was made on the basis of micro- and macro observation. The
identification has allowed to determine the following molds: Penicillium chryzogenum, Penicillium
meleagrinum, and Acremonium charticola. All of the listed species can cause human disease, therefore it is
necessary to pay attention to the influence of molds both on the book collection but also on human health.
After concluding the research and the analysis of the results, the book collections were fumigated with S-9 gas,
and the cabinets were sterilized using10% sterinol.
Keywords: library, microbiological contamination, molds
South America and Africa affected by Serpula lacrymans (Wulf., Fr.) Schroet. Tabebuia sp. and Autranella
congolensis (De Wild.) A.Chev. wood displayed the highest class of natural durability. They were ranked to first
class in terms of natural durability. Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. exhibited the lowest resistance to fungal
activity. It was classified third class in terms of natural durability presented in European standards.
Ludzie przebywający w zagrzybionych pomieszczeniach są narażani na działanie czynników alergennych - zarodniki grzybów. Zarodniki znajdujące się w powietrzu mogą powodować katar sienny, zapalenie spojówek, migreny i inne reakcje alergiczne lub schorzenia grzybicze. W muzeach lub bibliotekach narażone są również często cenne zbiory. Stąd pojawiająca się potrzeba identyfikacji rodzajów i gatunków grzybów pleśniowych z wykorzystaniem obserwacji mikroskopowych.