Zirjab
Abu l-Hasan ‘Ali Ibn Nafi‘ (perzijski i arapski: أبو الحسن علي ابن نافع; kurdski: ئهبو ئهلحهسهن عهلی إبن نافع) (cca. 789–857), nadimak Ziryab (perzijski jezik: Zaryâb, kurdski: زۆراو Zorab), bio je crni afrički[1][2][3][4][5] ili perzijski[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ili kurdski[15][16][17] polimat - pjesnik, muzičar, pjevač, kemičar, kozmetolog, modni dizajner, trendseter, strateg, astronom, botaničar i geograf.[14][18] Bio je aktivan na omejadskom dvoru u Córdobi u islamskoj Iberiji. Prije toga je stekao negatuvnu reputaciju na abasidskom dvoru u Bagdadu gdje se bio istakao kao učenik velikog kompozitora i muzičara Ishaq al-Mawsilija.
Ziryab je morao napustiti Bagdad kada su mu vještine nadigle njegovog učitelja. U Cordobi mu je glavni pokrovitelj bio Abd al-Rahman II (822-52).
- ↑ Van Sertima, Ivan (1992). Golden age of the Moor, Volume 11. Transaction Publishers. str. 267. ISBN 9781560005810.
- ↑ Salaam/ Ma Salaam, Muhammad Ali. A Black Man's Journey in America: Glimpses of Islam, Conversations and Travels. Xlibris Corporation. str. 72. ISBN 9781462873999.
- ↑ Jayyusi, Marín, Salma Khadra, Manuela (1992). Handbuch der Orientalistik: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten. The legacy of Muslim Spain, Part 1, Volume 12. BRILL. str. 709. ISBN 9789004095991.
- ↑ Abu-Bakr, Mohammed (1993). Islam's black legacy: some leading figures. Purple Dawn Books. str. 23. ISBN 9781882250080.
- ↑ Drake, St. Clair (1990). Black folk here and there: an essay in history and anthropology, Volume 2. Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California. str. 123. ISBN 9780934934305.
- ↑ A Literary History of the Arabs. Reynold Alleyne Nicholson. p.418
- ↑ Persian and Turkish Loan-words in Malay. Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Beg. 1982. p.80
- ↑ Hispano Arabic Poetry: A Student Anthology. James T. Monroe. Gorgias Press. 2004. p.7
- ↑ Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and the Visual Arts of the Middle East. Sherifa Zuhur. 2001. p.324
- ↑ The Holy Sword: The Story of Islam from Muhammad to the Present. Robert Payne. 1961. p.186
- ↑ Aspects of Jewish Culture in the Middle Ages. Paul Edward Szarmach. 1979. p.55
- ↑ The Story of the Moors in Spain. Stanley Lane-Poole, Arthur Gilman. p.81
- ↑ Shojaedin Shafa (شجاع الدین شفا) in his book Iran and Spain (ایران و اسپانیا) goes into detail about the fallacy of claims of Ziryab's "Arab origins". His argument can be found on p.325-340 of his book. Farzad publications 2005 (نشر فرزاد). A copy of the book is located at the Perry-Castañeda Library at DS274 S523
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 „Andalusian Feast”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2009-03-03. Pristupljeno 2011-12-12.
- ↑ Ana Ruiz, page 53, Vibrant Andalusia: Moorish Culture in Southern Spain, Published 2007, Algora Publishing, ISBN 0-87586-539-9
- ↑ Cello - Los Kurdos - Transoxiana 2
- ↑ La Orden Sufi Nematollahi / Sufismo
- ↑ van Sertima, Ivan (1985), African Presence in Early Europe, Transaction Publishers, pp. 159–61, ISBN 0887386644
- Zaryâb Arhivirano 2007-12-24 na Wayback Machine-u Article at Fravahr.org
- Titus Burckhardt, "Die Maurische Kultur in Spanien.
- Newroz films article Arhivirano 2011-07-14 na Wayback Machine-u
- Biography at streetwhispers.com Arhivirano 2011-06-27 na Wayback Machine-u
- MuslimHeritage.com article.
- African music pieces, by Elijah Wald
- Flight of the Blackbird Arhivirano 2007-10-09 na Wayback Machine-u, Sauid Aramco World
