This paper resists the virality of contemporary paranoia by turning to “French epistemology”, a p... more This paper resists the virality of contemporary paranoia by turning to “French epistemology”, a philosophical ethos that embraces uncertainty and complexity by registering the transformative impact of scientific knowledge on thought. Despite its popular uses describing phenomena of communication today, the idea of virality comes from biomedicine. This paper, therefore, investigates the extent to which an epidemiological concept of viral transmission—the disease vector—can comprehend and encourage new possibilities of thought beyond paranoia. Briefly, I attempt to analyze thought as a vector. I pursue this by examining Delaporte’s important, but neglected, study of the 1832 Parisian cholera epidemic. First elucidating his reconstruction of the ways tentative epistemological progress intertwined with and supported projects of working-class and colonial control. My vectorial analysis then considers how his argument infects contemporary readers with doubts that undo the bases of paranoi...
This paper considers the theoretical circumstances that urged Michel Foucault to analyse modern s... more This paper considers the theoretical circumstances that urged Michel Foucault to analyse modern societies in terms of biopower. Georges Canguilhem's account of the relations between science and the living forms an essential starting point for Foucault's own later explorations, though the challenges posed by the molecular revolution in biology and François Jacob's history of it allowed Foucault to extend and transform Canguilhem's philosophy of error. Using archival research into his 1955-1956 course on "Science and Error," I show that, for Canguilhem, it is inauthentic to treat a living being as an error, even if living things are capable of making errors in the domain of knowledge. The emergent molecular biology in the 1960s posed a grave challenge, however, since it suggested that individuals could indeed be errors of genetic reproduction. The paper discusses how Canguilhem and Foucault each responded to this by examining, among other texts, their respective reviews of Jacob's The Logic of the Living. For Canguilhem this was an opportunity to reaffirm the creativity of life in the living individual, which is not a thing to be evaluated, but the source of values. For Foucault, drawing on Jacob's work, this was the opportunity to develop a transformed account of valuation by posing biopower as the DNA of society. Despite their disagreements, the paper examines these three authors as different iterations of a historical epistemology attuned to errancy, error, and experimentation.
This paper questions the widespread assumption that education can and should mold students to soc... more This paper questions the widespread assumption that education can and should mold students to socially desirable ends. It proceeds by sketching an important part of the intellectual history informing Foucault's genealogy of this assumption's emergence in a disciplinary society. This history involves Georges Canguilhem, Foucault's elective master. And in the relation between the writings of master and student, we find a different exemplification of education, namely, as a thoroughly dialogical and philosophical activity undertaken for the sake of freedom. Examining this historical relation also: 1) establishes Canguilhem's international importance as a philosopher because of his role in the 1953 Unesco report on The Teaching of Philosophy; 2) helps clarify Foucault's understanding of philosophical activity as problematization and his understanding of normativity; 3) helps think about education and the history of philosophy without looking for master theorists, but rather philosophical schools.
Braunstein, JF - Moya Diez, I - Vagelli, M (dir.) L'épistémologie historique. Histoire et méthodes (Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2019), 2019
Qu'est-ce que l'« épistémologie historique » ? À cette question ce volume répond en esquissant le... more Qu'est-ce que l'« épistémologie historique » ? À cette question ce volume répond en esquissant le portrait d’un Janus bifrons, dont l’une des faces est tournée vers le « style français » traditionnel en histoire des sciences et l’autre vers les avancées épistémologiques anglo-saxonnes les plus contemporaines. Quels sont les échanges, les continuités et décalages, les convergences et divergences entre des philosophes ou historiens des sciences aussi divers que Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, Ian Hacking, Hans- Jörg Rheinberger, Peter Galison ou Lorraine Daston ? De même que l’on peut distinguer différentes époques et versions de l’épistémologie historique et de l’historical epistemology, de même les « méthodes » mobilisées dans des contextes scientifiques particuliers sont très diverses. Ce volume vise à réfléchir plus avant, à partir de l’étude de cas précis, sur les modalités selon lesquelles des objets et des concepts émergent historiquement à l’intérieur des diverses sciences. Les objets mathématiques ont-ils une histoire ? Comment des sujets humains sont-ils devenus les objets d’une science de l’observation ? Le traitement statistique des données est-il la seule issue possible pour les sciences médicales ? En donnant ces exemples, parmi d’autres, des possibilités d’interactions entre sciences, philosophie et histoire, ce volume veut montrer que l’épistémologie historique n’est pas un « livre de recettes » méthodologiques, mais bien plutôt un champ de questionnement ouvert : la flexibilité de l’épistémologie historique lui permet de répondre à bon nombre des défis posés par la philosophie des sciences contemporaine.
This paper resists the virality of contemporary paranoia by turning to “French epistemology”, a p... more This paper resists the virality of contemporary paranoia by turning to “French epistemology”, a philosophical ethos that embraces uncertainty and complexity by registering the transformative impact of scientific knowledge on thought. Despite its popular uses describing phenomena of communication today, the idea of virality comes from biomedicine. This paper, therefore, investigates the extent to which an epidemiological concept of viral transmission—the disease vector—can comprehend and encourage new possibilities of thought beyond paranoia. Briefly, I attempt to analyze thought as a vector. I pursue this by examining Delaporte’s important, but neglected, study of the 1832 Parisian cholera epidemic. First elucidating his reconstruction of the ways tentative epistemological progress intertwined with and supported projects of working-class and colonial control. My vectorial analysis then considers how his argument infects contemporary readers with doubts that undo the bases of paranoi...
This paper considers the theoretical circumstances that urged Michel Foucault to analyse modern s... more This paper considers the theoretical circumstances that urged Michel Foucault to analyse modern societies in terms of biopower. Georges Canguilhem's account of the relations between science and the living forms an essential starting point for Foucault's own later explorations, though the challenges posed by the molecular revolution in biology and François Jacob's history of it allowed Foucault to extend and transform Canguilhem's philosophy of error. Using archival research into his 1955-1956 course on "Science and Error," I show that, for Canguilhem, it is inauthentic to treat a living being as an error, even if living things are capable of making errors in the domain of knowledge. The emergent molecular biology in the 1960s posed a grave challenge, however, since it suggested that individuals could indeed be errors of genetic reproduction. The paper discusses how Canguilhem and Foucault each responded to this by examining, among other texts, their respective reviews of Jacob's The Logic of the Living. For Canguilhem this was an opportunity to reaffirm the creativity of life in the living individual, which is not a thing to be evaluated, but the source of values. For Foucault, drawing on Jacob's work, this was the opportunity to develop a transformed account of valuation by posing biopower as the DNA of society. Despite their disagreements, the paper examines these three authors as different iterations of a historical epistemology attuned to errancy, error, and experimentation.
This paper questions the widespread assumption that education can and should mold students to soc... more This paper questions the widespread assumption that education can and should mold students to socially desirable ends. It proceeds by sketching an important part of the intellectual history informing Foucault's genealogy of this assumption's emergence in a disciplinary society. This history involves Georges Canguilhem, Foucault's elective master. And in the relation between the writings of master and student, we find a different exemplification of education, namely, as a thoroughly dialogical and philosophical activity undertaken for the sake of freedom. Examining this historical relation also: 1) establishes Canguilhem's international importance as a philosopher because of his role in the 1953 Unesco report on The Teaching of Philosophy; 2) helps clarify Foucault's understanding of philosophical activity as problematization and his understanding of normativity; 3) helps think about education and the history of philosophy without looking for master theorists, but rather philosophical schools.
Braunstein, JF - Moya Diez, I - Vagelli, M (dir.) L'épistémologie historique. Histoire et méthodes (Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2019), 2019
Qu'est-ce que l'« épistémologie historique » ? À cette question ce volume répond en esquissant le... more Qu'est-ce que l'« épistémologie historique » ? À cette question ce volume répond en esquissant le portrait d’un Janus bifrons, dont l’une des faces est tournée vers le « style français » traditionnel en histoire des sciences et l’autre vers les avancées épistémologiques anglo-saxonnes les plus contemporaines. Quels sont les échanges, les continuités et décalages, les convergences et divergences entre des philosophes ou historiens des sciences aussi divers que Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, Ian Hacking, Hans- Jörg Rheinberger, Peter Galison ou Lorraine Daston ? De même que l’on peut distinguer différentes époques et versions de l’épistémologie historique et de l’historical epistemology, de même les « méthodes » mobilisées dans des contextes scientifiques particuliers sont très diverses. Ce volume vise à réfléchir plus avant, à partir de l’étude de cas précis, sur les modalités selon lesquelles des objets et des concepts émergent historiquement à l’intérieur des diverses sciences. Les objets mathématiques ont-ils une histoire ? Comment des sujets humains sont-ils devenus les objets d’une science de l’observation ? Le traitement statistique des données est-il la seule issue possible pour les sciences médicales ? En donnant ces exemples, parmi d’autres, des possibilités d’interactions entre sciences, philosophie et histoire, ce volume veut montrer que l’épistémologie historique n’est pas un « livre de recettes » méthodologiques, mais bien plutôt un champ de questionnement ouvert : la flexibilité de l’épistémologie historique lui permet de répondre à bon nombre des défis posés par la philosophie des sciences contemporaine.
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