Benjamin T Pennington
University of Southampton, Geography and Environment, Department Member
- Geoarchaeology, Holocene, Landscape Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Archaeology, and 8 moreSedimentology, Geomorphology, Egyptian Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, GeoArcheology, Holocene Evolution of Deltas, and River Deltasedit
- I am a geoarchaeologist interested in the reconstruction of ancient landscapes through the study of the sedimentary r... moreI am a geoarchaeologist interested in the reconstruction of ancient landscapes through the study of the sedimentary record, and linkages between past landscape change and human sociocultural evolution. I work over a very wide variety of spatial and temporal scales: at a regional level my research centres on the impacts that mid-Holocene landscape change may have had on contemporary human developments in regions that harboured the first state societies. At a site-specific level I frequently apply my skills in answering targeted geoarchaeological questions.edit
Research Interests:
During the mid-Holocene, the first large-scale civilizations emerged in lower alluvial systems after a marked decrease in sea-level rise at 7–6 kyr. We show that as the landscapes of deltas and lower alluvial plains adjusted to this... more
During the mid-Holocene, the first large-scale civilizations emerged in lower alluvial systems after a marked decrease in sea-level rise at 7–6 kyr. We show that as the landscapes of deltas and lower alluvial plains adjusted to this decrease in the rate of relative sea-level rise, the abundance and location of resources available for human exploitation changed as did the network of waterways. This dynamic environmental evolution contributed to archaeological changes in the three fluvio-deltaic settings considered herein: Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Huang He in China. Specifically, an increase in the scale and intensity of agricultural practice, and the focussing of power toward a single city can be interpreted as responses to these environmental changes. Other archaeological observations, and the cultural trajectories leading to the formation of the Primary States also need to be considered in light of these evolving landscapes.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This extract from my 2011 MSci thesis (Part III project) comprises pages 25–31 and the bibliography only. This portion attempted to theoretically model the initiation, migration and disappearance of the LSC facies in a range of fluvial... more
This extract from my 2011 MSci thesis (Part III project) comprises pages 25–31 and the bibliography only. This portion attempted to theoretically model the initiation, migration and disappearance of the LSC facies in a range of fluvial settings, and has never been published.
The arguments and ideas contained within the rest of the document have been built upon and substantially improved within my PhD thesis at the University of Southampton (2017) entitled “Environmental Change in Deltaic Settings and the Emergence of Civilisation: A study in palaeolandscape reconstruction focussing on the mid-Holocene Nile Delta” (and related publications), to which the interested reader should refer. The work contained within these seven pages was not built upon in the doctorate, however, and so is presented separately here.
The arguments and ideas contained within the rest of the document have been built upon and substantially improved within my PhD thesis at the University of Southampton (2017) entitled “Environmental Change in Deltaic Settings and the Emergence of Civilisation: A study in palaeolandscape reconstruction focussing on the mid-Holocene Nile Delta” (and related publications), to which the interested reader should refer. The work contained within these seven pages was not built upon in the doctorate, however, and so is presented separately here.
Research Interests:
During the mid-Holocene, some of the world's first large-scale complex societies came into being within the lower and middle reaches of a number of large river systems. Around this time, as global sea-level stabilised, the hosting fluvial... more
During the mid-Holocene, some of the world's first large-scale complex societies came into being within the lower and middle reaches of a number of large river systems. Around this time, as global sea-level stabilised, the hosting fluvial environments of Lower Mesopotamia, the Nile Delta and the North China Plain were evolving from spatially varied landscapes dominated by swampy marshland, to better-drained, more uniform floodplain environments. It is necessary to consider whether such environmental changes could have guided aspects of sociocultural evolution in these settings.
In the Nile Delta, the setting for which most data are available, these palaeolandscape changes are comprehensively mapped through the construction of a four-dimensional aggradation model of the Holocene alluvial plain. Development of this model takes place within the context of a full reinterpretation of the Upper Quaternary stratigraphy of the Nile Delta, which is itself further informed by substantial programmes of fieldwork in the western delta. The environmental changes were forced by a decrease in the rate of relative sea-level rise within the context of decreased discharge and sediment-supply due to regional climate change.
A geoarchaeological model links these changes in the landscape to sociocultural developments taking place in Egypt between 5500 and 2500 BC. Increased adoption of agricultural practices in the delta was stimulated by a decrease in the primary productivity of the landscape, which then led to population growth and shifts in settlement styles. The emergence of the first Egyptian capital of Memphis at the delta apex can also be seen as having been facilitated by changes in the palaeogeography of the fluvio-deltaic environment. Such linkages between the changing deltaic landscapes and social change are crucial in understanding the formation of the Ancient Egyptian State (c. 3100 BC), which involved increased involvement of regional elites using the delta as both an agricultural resource and trade route.
In the Nile Delta, the setting for which most data are available, these palaeolandscape changes are comprehensively mapped through the construction of a four-dimensional aggradation model of the Holocene alluvial plain. Development of this model takes place within the context of a full reinterpretation of the Upper Quaternary stratigraphy of the Nile Delta, which is itself further informed by substantial programmes of fieldwork in the western delta. The environmental changes were forced by a decrease in the rate of relative sea-level rise within the context of decreased discharge and sediment-supply due to regional climate change.
A geoarchaeological model links these changes in the landscape to sociocultural developments taking place in Egypt between 5500 and 2500 BC. Increased adoption of agricultural practices in the delta was stimulated by a decrease in the primary productivity of the landscape, which then led to population growth and shifts in settlement styles. The emergence of the first Egyptian capital of Memphis at the delta apex can also be seen as having been facilitated by changes in the palaeogeography of the fluvio-deltaic environment. Such linkages between the changing deltaic landscapes and social change are crucial in understanding the formation of the Ancient Egyptian State (c. 3100 BC), which involved increased involvement of regional elites using the delta as both an agricultural resource and trade route.
Research Interests:
This document is an extract from my PhD thesis (chapters 3, 5, 6, 7), comprising those sections pertaining to the bulk landscape evolution of the Nile Delta during the Holocene.
Research Interests:
Beginner arabic vocabulary for the (geo-)archaeologist in Egypt, for use alongside a regular phrasebook. Errors are entirely my own. Hopefully useful for some!
Research Interests: Egyptology, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Egyptian Archaeology, Fieldwork in Anthropology, Egypt, and 9 moreLinguistic ethnography, Arabic translation, English Arabic Translation, Archaeological Fieldwork, Field Archaeology, Fieldwork, Ancient Egypt, Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, and Arabic-English translation
Presented at QRA ADM 2021