В публикации рассматриваются аналогии и возможные датировки для находки фрагмента церковного осветительного прибора, найденного на раскопе на ул. Симановского в г. Костроме в 2019 г.
В статье рассматриваются подвески-ложечки, характерные для культуры древнерусского населения и ливов. Из- делия сходного облика, с длинной, часто фигурной, ручкой и неглубоким черпалом происходят из поселений и могиль- ников XI—XIII вв.,... more
В статье рассматриваются подвески-ложечки, характерные для культуры древнерусского населения и ливов. Из-
делия сходного облика, с длинной, часто фигурной, ручкой и неглубоким черпалом происходят из поселений и могиль-
ников XI—XIII вв., известны также случайные находки. Базой для написания настоящей статьи послужила информация
более чем о 100 находках. Авторами предложена классификация изделий на основании технологических и морфоло-
гических особенностей, рассмотрены варианты включения подвесок в убор. Подвески-ложечки встречаются на обшир-
ной территории — от Прибалтики до Верхнего Поволжья. Изделия являлись атрибутом как сельского, так и городского населения. Судя по концентрации изделий как в землях Смоленского Поднепровья, так и на Северо-Западе Руси
можно предполагать наличие нескольких центров производства. В археологической литературе в рассматриваемых
подвесках обычно видят приносящий сытость, богатство и благосостояние языческий амулет. По мнению авторов, судя
по поздней датировке и широкому распространению в христианских землях Древней Руси, подвески-ложечки могли
служить миниатюрами евхаристических лжиц и были символом православного обряда причастия. В пользу интерпрета-
ции подвесок-ложечек в качестве изделий, связанных с христианством, говорят и другие изделия, встреченные с ними
в одних погребальных комплексах.
The article deals with the spoon-shape-pendants typical for the culture of the ancient Russian population and Livonians.
Items of similar appearance, with a long often ornately shaped handle and a not very deep scoop were found in settlements
and burial grounds of the 11th—13th centuries, accidental finds are also known. In this article we analyzed over 100 finds. We
have proposed a classification of the items based on technological and morphological features and have regarded place of
the pendants in the costume. Spoon-shape pendants were found on a vast territory — from the Baltic to the Upper Volga
region. The items were the attributes of both rural and urban inhabitants. According to the concentration of products both in
the lands of the Smolensk Dnieper region and in the North-West of Russia we suppose that there were several centers of the
production of such pendants. In the archaeological literature the spoon-shape pendants were regarded as the pagan amulets
that had symbolized satiety, wealth and well-being. According to the late dating and widespread use in the Christian lands
of Ancient Russia the spoon-shape pendants could serve as miniatures of Eucharistic spoons and could have been a symbol
of the Orthodox rite of communion.
În lucrare sunt discutate pandantivele-linguriţe caracteristice culturii populaţiei vechi ruse și livilor. Piese de aspect
asemănător, cu coada lungă, deseori în figuri, și căușul nu prea adânc provin din așezări și necropole din sec. XI—XIII, dar
sunt cunoscute și descoperiri întâmplătoare. Drept suport pentru redactarea studiului de faţă a servit informaţia despre circa
100 de descoperiri. Autorii propun o clasificare a pieselor în baza particularităţilor tehnologice și morfologice, discută variante
de includere a pandantivelor în veșmânt. Pandantivele-linguriţe se întâlnesc pe un teritoriu foarte extins — din regiunea
Balticii și până pe Volga Superioară. Obiectele constituiau un atribut atât al populaţiei rurale, cât și al celei urbane. Luând în
consideraţie concentrarea pieselor atât pe teritoriul Smolenskului de pe Nipru, cât și în nord-vestul Rusiei, putem presupune
existenţa câtorva centre de producere. În literatura arheologică astfel de pandantive sunt considerate drept amulete păgâne
aducătoare de saţietate, bogăţie și bunăstare. În opinia autorilor, dacă luăm în consideraţie datarea târzie și răspândirea lor
largă pe pământurile creștine ale Rusiei Străvechi, pandantivele-linguriţe puteau servi drept miniaturi ale feţelor euharistice,
și erau un simbol al ritului ortodox de împărtășanie. În favoarea interpretării pandantivelor-linguriţe în calitate de obiecte
legate de creștinism, ne vorbesc și alte piese, descoperite cu ele în aceleași complexe funerare.
делия сходного облика, с длинной, часто фигурной, ручкой и неглубоким черпалом происходят из поселений и могиль-
ников XI—XIII вв., известны также случайные находки. Базой для написания настоящей статьи послужила информация
более чем о 100 находках. Авторами предложена классификация изделий на основании технологических и морфоло-
гических особенностей, рассмотрены варианты включения подвесок в убор. Подвески-ложечки встречаются на обшир-
ной территории — от Прибалтики до Верхнего Поволжья. Изделия являлись атрибутом как сельского, так и городского населения. Судя по концентрации изделий как в землях Смоленского Поднепровья, так и на Северо-Западе Руси
можно предполагать наличие нескольких центров производства. В археологической литературе в рассматриваемых
подвесках обычно видят приносящий сытость, богатство и благосостояние языческий амулет. По мнению авторов, судя
по поздней датировке и широкому распространению в христианских землях Древней Руси, подвески-ложечки могли
служить миниатюрами евхаристических лжиц и были символом православного обряда причастия. В пользу интерпрета-
ции подвесок-ложечек в качестве изделий, связанных с христианством, говорят и другие изделия, встреченные с ними
в одних погребальных комплексах.
The article deals with the spoon-shape-pendants typical for the culture of the ancient Russian population and Livonians.
Items of similar appearance, with a long often ornately shaped handle and a not very deep scoop were found in settlements
and burial grounds of the 11th—13th centuries, accidental finds are also known. In this article we analyzed over 100 finds. We
have proposed a classification of the items based on technological and morphological features and have regarded place of
the pendants in the costume. Spoon-shape pendants were found on a vast territory — from the Baltic to the Upper Volga
region. The items were the attributes of both rural and urban inhabitants. According to the concentration of products both in
the lands of the Smolensk Dnieper region and in the North-West of Russia we suppose that there were several centers of the
production of such pendants. In the archaeological literature the spoon-shape pendants were regarded as the pagan amulets
that had symbolized satiety, wealth and well-being. According to the late dating and widespread use in the Christian lands
of Ancient Russia the spoon-shape pendants could serve as miniatures of Eucharistic spoons and could have been a symbol
of the Orthodox rite of communion.
În lucrare sunt discutate pandantivele-linguriţe caracteristice culturii populaţiei vechi ruse și livilor. Piese de aspect
asemănător, cu coada lungă, deseori în figuri, și căușul nu prea adânc provin din așezări și necropole din sec. XI—XIII, dar
sunt cunoscute și descoperiri întâmplătoare. Drept suport pentru redactarea studiului de faţă a servit informaţia despre circa
100 de descoperiri. Autorii propun o clasificare a pieselor în baza particularităţilor tehnologice și morfologice, discută variante
de includere a pandantivelor în veșmânt. Pandantivele-linguriţe se întâlnesc pe un teritoriu foarte extins — din regiunea
Balticii și până pe Volga Superioară. Obiectele constituiau un atribut atât al populaţiei rurale, cât și al celei urbane. Luând în
consideraţie concentrarea pieselor atât pe teritoriul Smolenskului de pe Nipru, cât și în nord-vestul Rusiei, putem presupune
existenţa câtorva centre de producere. În literatura arheologică astfel de pandantive sunt considerate drept amulete păgâne
aducătoare de saţietate, bogăţie și bunăstare. În opinia autorilor, dacă luăm în consideraţie datarea târzie și răspândirea lor
largă pe pământurile creștine ale Rusiei Străvechi, pandantivele-linguriţe puteau servi drept miniaturi ale feţelor euharistice,
și erau un simbol al ritului ortodox de împărtășanie. În favoarea interpretării pandantivelor-linguriţe în calitate de obiecte
legate de creștinism, ne vorbesc și alte piese, descoperite cu ele în aceleași complexe funerare.
Research Interests:
This paper considers jewellery objects of the Volga-Kama provenience of the 9th–13th century revealed at archaeological sites in the territory of North-Western Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and North Sweden. Groups of Kama and Volga... more
This paper considers jewellery objects of the Volga-Kama provenience of the 9th–13th century revealed at archaeological sites in the territory of North-Western Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and North Sweden. Groups of Kama and Volga imports are identified for the products characteristic of the Volga-Kama region in general, and for “syncretic” objects of the Old-Russian period combining artistic traditions and techniques of different regions. The article notes the concentration of finds of this kind in the South-East Ladoga region and in Novgorod
Research Interests:
Needle-cases of the 12th–13th century with arched openwork backs and rattle-pendants are known in historiography as an attribute of the Finno-Ugrian culture. The most of their finds come from kurgan cemeteries of the Ladoga and... more
Needle-cases of the 12th–13th century with arched openwork backs and rattle-pendants are known in historiography as an attribute of the Finno-Ugrian culture. The most of their finds come from kurgan cemeteries of the Ladoga and Upper-Volga regions. They have been also encountered in layers of Novgorod and Izborsk, burial grounds of Madi (Estonia), Zamikutye (former Gdov Uyezd), Tikhman’ga (Arkhangelsk Oblast), and Kintusovo (on the Salym River, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District). Some objects come from the collection of the Teploukhovs from the Perm Cis-Urals, from the Ydzhydyel cemetery in the Republic of Komi and from Vaygach Island. These objects were manufactured using a wax model and have an abundant decoration. They have a typical for Northwestern Russia form of tubular needle-case, but the origin of their decoration (twisted cord, slanting guilloche, volutes, etc.) is related with the Volga and Kama region. These artefacts cannot be considered as exclusively Finno-Ugrian ones....
Research Interests:
В статье рассматриваются находки, известные как цеперазделители или цепедержатели. Большинство изделий встречено в памятниках Белозерья и Верхнего Поволжья (в т.н. костромских курганах). Изделия входили в состав сложных украшений,... more
В статье рассматриваются находки, известные как цеперазделители или цепедержатели. Большинство изделий встречено в памятниках Белозерья и Верхнего Поволжья (в т.н. костромских курганах). Изделия входили в состав сложных украшений, состоявших из нескольких ремешков, унизанных колечками, спиральками, пронизками, к которым могли также прикрепляться разнообразные подвески. Более корректным для них представляется термин «разделители». Судя по их распространению и оформлению, они не являются этническими украшениями веси, но входят в круг изделий, характерных для древнерусского севера XII–XIII вв.
Research Interests:
Russian historiography regards most of the zoomorphic pendants as related with finno-ugric tradition. However, adornments that aren't associated with it appear by the 12 th century. They represent the images related with the Christian... more
Russian historiography regards most of the zoomorphic pendants as related with finno-ugric tradition. However, adornments that aren't associated with it appear by the 12 th century. They represent the images related with the Christian tradition, such as the pair of birds, harеs, lions, fantastic creatures, etc. The stylistics of these items resembles composition and ornament of the zoomorphic images in the Byzantine and Ancient Russian art. Similar depictions are presented on the jewellery pieces ("colts" and bracelets), book miniatures, stone carving, etc.
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Наряду с украшениями, широко распространенными на севернорусских землях в эпоху средневековья, в костромских курганах XII-XIII вв. присутствуют изделия, имеющие ярко выраженный северо-западный облик. Некоторые разновидности зооморфных... more
Наряду с украшениями, широко распространенными на севернорусских землях в эпоху средневековья, в костромских курганах XII-XIII вв. присутствуют изделия, имеющие ярко выраженный северо-западный облик. Некоторые разновидности зооморфных подвесок, скорлупообразные и подковообразные спиралеконечные фибулы, двухспиральные цепедержатели, костыльки и ряд других находок ассоциируются с прибалтийско-финской традицией. Импортные изделия или выполненные по образцу импортных украшений часто встречаются в одних комплексах с характерными для Верхнего Поволжья коническими, треугольными, пластинчатыми непрорезными орнитоморфными подвесками, полыми полиморфными подвесками. Ряд изделий (игольники с арочной ажурной спинкой, дисковидные цепедержатели и пр.) являются синкретичными, в них сочетаются изобразительные приемы северо-запада и северо-востока.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The article deals with the research of the plate zoomorphic pendants of the 11th–13th centuries which were found on the territory of north-west and north-east ancient Rus. In the historiography, these adornments were regarded as the... more
The article deals with the research of the plate zoomorphic pendants of the 11th–13th centuries which were found on the territory of north-west and north-east ancient Rus. In the historiography, these adornments were regarded as the degraded forms of the 7th–11th centuries jewelry items. The analysis of stylistics shows that the ancient Russian pendants represent an original phenomenon. Zoomorphic pendants in the form of an animal on a base were formed in the northern lands of ancient Rus’ as the result of the symbiosis of imports from the Kama region and local items. The first ones depict horsemen; the second ones that are typical for the Ladoga area depict deer or elks. The double-headed pendants have not turned out to be the devolutionary form of the Kama adornments in the shape of two horse heads. Their composition could have been influenced by imported items, but the images of animals were taken from the local tradition.
Research Interests:
Для полых подвесок X–XIII вв. регионально специфичными признаками являются расположение привесок на корпусе и форма звеньев. Группа I с привесками без звеньев характерна для Северо-Запада Руси конца Х – XI вв. Древнерусские изделия XI–XII... more
Для полых подвесок X–XIII вв. регионально специфичными признаками являются расположение привесок на корпусе и форма звеньев. Группа I с привесками без звеньев характерна для Северо-Запада Руси конца Х – XI вв. Древнерусские изделия XI–XII – начала XIII вв. и ветлужско-камские подвески X–XI вв. отличает расположение петель вдоль корпуса. Тип II-1.1 с восьмерковидными звеньями широко распространен на Северо-Западе и Северо-Востоке Древней Руси. Здесь же встречен немногочисленный тип II-1.3 со щитковыми звеньями. Тип II-1.2 с витыми звеньями представлен в Ветлужско-Камском между-
речье и содержит компоненты, связанные с местными традициями VII–IX вв. и с «западной» стилистикой X–XI вв. Региональное своеобразие изделий Предуралья XI–XIII вв. проявляется в типе II-2.1 с размещением петель для привесок поперек корпуса на массивных щитковых звеньях.
речье и содержит компоненты, связанные с местными традициями VII–IX вв. и с «западной» стилистикой X–XI вв. Региональное своеобразие изделий Предуралья XI–XIII вв. проявляется в типе II-2.1 с размещением петель для привесок поперек корпуса на массивных щитковых звеньях.
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The article deals with the plate zoomorphic pendants of the 11 th –12 th cc., which have similar traits with the Baltic items. The similarity can be seen in contour and decor of pendants' bodies (in such traits as the forms of the slots,... more
The article deals with the plate zoomorphic pendants of the 11 th –12 th cc., which have similar traits with the Baltic items. The similarity can be seen in contour and decor of pendants' bodies (in such traits as the forms of the slots, strapwork) and the representation of images (depicting of horns, opened mouth, form of legs). The Baltic influence can be traced to numerous and rare types of items. Pendants with curls in the slots were spread in the NorthWest of the Novgorod Land, they depict fantastic animals with horns and horses. Ornitho-and polimorphic pendants with similar decor were found in the Upper Dnieper, Klyazma regions, territory between Volga and Oka, Beloye lake region. Rare types of items were found in the Beloye lake and the Upper Volga regions, such as: double-headed pendants with triangle slots the design of which is close to the Baltic trapezoid chain-holders; bird-shaped pendants the bodies of which consist of inter-lacing lines (strapwork is a particularity of west-Finnish decorative tradition); pendants with rectangular slots and zoomorphic head with opened mouth that remind of dragons or snakes images on the Baltic fibulas. Ключевые слова: зооморфные подвески, орнитоморфные подвески, Древняя Русь, балты, Северо-Запад Новгородской земли.
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The paper deals with the findings of the jewellry items from the Volga and Kama areas (mostly bonze pendants and their details) in the territory of the North-West of Ancient Rus. Regarded items were discovered by archaelogical research in... more
The paper deals with the findings of the jewellry items from the Volga and Kama areas (mostly bonze pendants and their details) in the territory of the North-West of Ancient Rus. Regarded items were discovered by archaelogical research in the end of the XIX – beginnig of the XXI centuries.