Greyson Nyamoga

Purpose: The study assessed the engagement of people in the collection of the miombo woodland wild edible mushroom species for domestic and commercial uses as means of improving the livelihoods of the people in the Ruvuma and Tabora Regions. Design/ Methodology/Approach: Cross-sectional research designs were employed where data were collected once in each selected village in Ruvuma and Tabora region. A sample size of  152 from fourteen villages in Songea and Tabora Regions was sampled. Questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used in collecting data. Descriptive statistics were calculated and used to obtain total scores, means, frequencies and percentages which were used to describe the key findings. Qualitative information collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews were summarized using content analysis. Findings: About 98% of the interviewed people are engaged in mushroom collection implying the importance of this activity...

In Tanzania, land rehabilitation seems promising for repairing damaged ecosystems and provide sustainable supply of forest and food products, thus securing vital environmental services including increased carbon sequestration for global climate change mitigation. Comprehensive estimates of how large areas Tanzania has of degraded land are however lacking. This study aimed to (i) assess the area of degraded land potentially available for rehabilitation in various regions of the country, and (ii) give a review of main experiences and economic results gained in previous land rehabilitation studies in the country. Based on new data from the National Forest Resource Monitoring and Assessment of Tanzania we found that about 49 % (43.3 mill ha) of the total land area in Mainland Tanzania is under either light (43 %, 37.7 mill ha), moderate (5 %, 4.4 mill ha) or heavy (1.3 %, 1.2 mill ha) erosion. These areas are substantial, and imply large opportunities for land rehabilitation. None economic studies were found which have calculated benefits and costs of land rehabilitation in Tanzania. Such studies are urgently needed in order to identify and prioritize among the most promising rehabilitation activities.

There is an increased trend of global awareness and discussions on the contribution of building designs and materials in global warming and greenhouses gases emissions. The use of wood materials in the construction sector is also increasing hence linked to forest industries and conservation, building sector, global warming and global climate change. The construction sector contributes directly and indirectly to environmental degradation and greenhouses gases emissions. With the current global awareness on climate change and adaptation, the substitution of wood products in the construction sector in Tanzania is inevitable. Despite its significant growth, the substitution of sawnwood by different alternatives in Tanzania is not well examined. Therefore, this study forecasted the substitution of sawnwood for year 2016, 2021 and 2026 for Dar es Salaam using income elasticity of demand to explain the effects of these substitutions to the environment. The consumption of sawnwood in none storey buildings, medium category and high category buildings were 2.69 m3, 3.1 m3 and 5.3 m3 respectively. In 2012, Dar es Salaam consumed a total of 8,706.9 m3 of sawnwood for doors and window frames in about 2878 new buildings. Kinondoni district consumed 42.2%, Ilala district 34.8% and Temeke district 23% of the total sawnwood. The per capita sawnwood consumption for building in Dar es Salaam in 2012 was 2.7 m3 while for aluminium was 46.2 m2. Windows showed high substitution of sawnwood compared to doors with aluminium being the main substitute material. The forecasted per capita consumption of sawnwood and aluminium materials for buildings in 2026 was 3.4 m3 and 86.8 m2 respectively. Sawnwood consumption in none storey buildings is increasing as a results of high rate of urbanization and economic growth hence increased number of middle-income population which causes an increased demand and construction of houses for residential purposes. The increased demand for construction materials have negative impacts to the environment where these materials are harvested. We recommend further research on the effects of substitution of sawnwood and the promotion of lesser-known and underutilized sawnwood species to strengthen wood industry in Tanzania due to the current high demand of sawnwood and high substitution rates.

Involvement of local communities in monitoring forest resources is perceived to lower monitoring costs and reduce burden to the government and ensure sustainability of those resources. This paper compared monitoring costs and benefits under conventional and community-based monitoring methods used in forest management in Tanzania. Specifically the paper intended to identify activities undertaken in conventional and community-based monitoring approaches, explore the perceptions of the local communities and experts on the two approaches, assess and compare monitoring costs in each approach and hence suggest the most effective approach for monitoring forest resources. Data were collected in eleven villages adjacent to Kitapilimwa and Nyang’oro forest reserves, Iringa district. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences and excel computer programs. Results show that under community-based monitoring approach the frequently performed activity was patrolling while in conventional monitoring was boundary consolidation. The average payment for patrolling was Tshs. 1445.46 (≈ 1.45 USD)/person/day while escorting researchers was Tshs. 2522.73 (≈ 2.52 USD)/ person/day. About 39% of the respondents perceived that people use much of their time in monitoring activities with little payments. Under community-based monitoring approach the average monitoring costs was Tshs. 11153.85 (≈ 11.15 USD)/person/year and Tshs. 114.78 (≈ 0.11 USD)/ha/year while under conventional monitoring was Tshs. 25755.73 (≈ 25.76 USD)/person/year and 392.08 (≈ 0.39 USD)/ha/year. Conventional monitoring was perceived to be more effective than community based monitoring approach in data collection activities. To ensure sustainability of forest resources in the villages, we suggest the use of both monitoring approaches than a stand-alone approach to complement each other and maximize the potentials. Mainstream it into the existing government structure to avoid duplication of efforts and ensure sustainability of conservation activities. We recommend further research to assess the effectiveness of community based monitoring system on data collection and its quality.

In Tanzania, land rehabilitation seems promising for repairing damaged ecosystems and provide sustainable supply of forest and food products, thus securing vital environmental services including increased carbon sequestration for global climate change mitigation. Comprehensive estimates of how large areas Tanzania has of degraded land are however lacking. This study aimed to (i) assess the area of degraded land potentially available for rehabilitation in various regions of the country, and (ii) give a review of main experiences and economic results gained in previous land rehabilitation studies in the country. Based on new data from the National Forest Resource Monitoring and Assessment of Tanzania we found that about 49 % (43.3 mill ha) of the total land area in Mainland Tanzania is under either light (43 %, 37.7 mill ha), moderate (5 %, 4.4 mill ha) or heavy (1.3 %, 1.2 mill ha) erosion. These areas are substantial, and imply large opportunities for land rehabilitation. None economic studies were found which have calculated benefits and costs of land rehabilitation in Tanzania. Such studies are

There is an increased trend of global awareness and discussions on the contribution of building designs and
materials in global warming and greenhouses gases emissions. The use of wood materials in the construction
sector is also increasing hence linked to forest industries and conservation, building sector, global warming and
global climate change. The construction sector contributes directly and indirectly to environmental degradation
and greenhouses gases emissions. With the current global awareness on climate change and adaptation, the
substitution of wood products in the construction sector in Tanzania is inevitable. Despite its significant growth, the
substitution of sawnwood by different alternatives in Tanzania is not well examined. Therefore, this study forecasted
the substitution of sawnwood for year 2016, 2021 and 2026 for Dar es Salaam using income elasticity of demand
to explain the effects of these substitutions to the environment. The consumption of sawnwood in none storey
buildings, medium category and high category buildings were 2.69 m3, 3.1 m3 and 5.3 m3 respectively. In 2012, Dar
es Salaam consumed a total of 8,706.9 m3 of sawnwood for doors and window frames in about 2878 new buildings.
Kinondoni district consumed 42.2%, Ilala district 34.8% and Temeke district 23% of the total sawnwood. The per
capita sawnwood consumption for building in Dar es Salaam in 2012 was 2.7 m3 while for aluminium was 46.2
m2. Windows showed high substitution of sawnwood compared to doors with aluminium being the main substitute
material. The forecasted per capita consumption of sawnwood and aluminium materials for buildings in 2026 was
3.4 m3 and 86.8 m2 respectively. Sawnwood consumption in none storey buildings is increasing as a results of high
rate of urbanization and economic growth hence increased number of middle-income population which causes an
increased demand and construction of houses for residential purposes. The increased demand for construction
materials have negative impacts to the environment where these materials are harvested. We recommend further
research on the effects of substitution of sawnwood and the promotion of lesser-known and underutilized sawnwood
species to strengthen wood industry in Tanzania due to the current high demand of sawnwood and high substitution
rates.

Involvement of local communities in monitoring forest resources is perceived to lower monitoring costs and reduce burden to the government and ensure sustainability of those resources. This paper compared monitoring costs and benefits under conventional and community-based monitoring methods used in forest management in Tanzania. Specifically the paper intended to identify activities undertaken in conventional and community-based monitoring approaches, explore the perceptions of the local communities and experts on the two approaches, assess and compare monitoring costs in each approach and hence suggest the most effective approach for monitoring forest resources. Data were collected in eleven villages adjacent to Kitapilimwa and Nyang'oro forest reserves, Iringa district. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences and excel computer programs. Results show that under community-based monitoring approach the frequently performed activity was patrolling while in conventional monitoring was boundary consolidation. The average payment for patrolling was Tshs. 1445.46 (≈ 1.45 USD)/person/day while escorting researchers was Tshs. 2522.73 (≈ 2.52 USD)/ person/day. About 39% of the respondents perceived that people use much of their time in monitoring activities with little payments. Under community-based monitoring approach the average monitoring costs was Tshs. 11153.85 (≈ 11.15 USD)/person/year and Tshs. 114.78 (≈ 0.11 USD)/ha/year while under conventional monitoring was Tshs. 25755.73 (≈ 25.76 USD)/person/year and 392.08 (≈ 0.39 USD)/ha/year. Conventional monitoring was perceived to be more effective than community based monitoring approach in data collection activities. To ensure sustainability of forest resources in the villages, we suggest the use of both monitoring approaches than a stand-alone approach to complement each other and maximize the potentials. Mainstream it into the existing government structure to avoid duplication of efforts and ensure sustainability of conservation activities. We recommend further research to assess the effectiveness of community based monitoring system on data collection and its quality.