Sigara
Sigara ni kitu cha kuvuta moshi kinachojenga uraibu. Kinatengenezwa kwa tumbaku na kusokotwa kwa karatasi maalumu, chenye umbo refu na la mviringo.
Sigara zinasababisha madhara makubwa katika mwili wa binadamu: mara nyingi hudhuru mapafu na mfumo mzima wa upumuaji.
Sigara za kisasa za viwandani zimechujwa, na pia zinajumuisha tumbaku iliyoandaliwa.
| Asilimia ya wavutaji | ||
|---|---|---|
| Eneo | Wanaume | Wanawake |
| Afrika | 29% | 4% |
| Amerika | 35% | 22% |
| Mediterania Mashariki | 35% | 4% |
| Ulaya | 46% | 26% |
| Asia ya Kusini Mashariki | 44% | 4% |
| Pasifiki ya Magharibi | 60% | 8% |
Source: World Health Organization estimates, 2000
| Nchi | Idadi ya wakazi (milioni) |
Sigara zilizovutwa (bilioni) |
Sigara zilizovutwa (kwa mtu) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uchina | 1,248 | 1,643 | 1,320 |
| Marekani | 270 | 451 | 1,670 |
| Japani | 126 | 328 | 2,600 |
| Urusi | 146 | 258 | 1,760 |
| Indonesia | 200 | 215 | 1,070 |
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Cigarette numbers from WHO [1], population from: China: China Population Information and Research Center (estimate?)"Archived copy" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-04-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2008-08-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), USA: US Census estimate [2], Japan: National Statistics Center intercensal estimate [3], Russia: Population Reference Bureau [4] Ilihifadhiwa 27 Mei 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine., Indonesia: average of 1995 and 2000 figures from Statistics Indonesia "Archived copy" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-04-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2008-08-02.{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), all accessed on 2 August 2008. Per capita consumption given to 3 significant figures.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Kuhusu uvutaji sigara na afya
- Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Ilihifadhiwa 15 Agosti 2019 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Bibliography on History of Cigarette Smoking Ilihifadhiwa 15 Mei 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine.
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