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Heat transfer enhancement due to thermomagnetic convection arising in nonisothermal electrically nonconducting ferrofluids placed in an external magnetic field is reviewed with an emphasis on realistic applications. It is shown that due... more
Heat transfer enhancement due to thermomagnetic convection arising in nonisothermal electrically nonconducting ferrofluids placed in an external magnetic field is reviewed with an emphasis on realistic applications. It is shown that due to a complex composition of such fluids numerous internal physical processes can lead to directly opposite heat transfer trends. Physical factors influencing such processes are identified. It is concluded that while the complexity of such mechanisms makes designing ferrofluid-based heat exchangers a delicate task when done correctly, it ensures manyfold improvement of heat removal characteristics of such devices compared with their natural convection counterparts. This short review aims to provide a concise starting-point summary of ferrohydrodynamic effects and processes that need to be taken into account when designing practical applications.
Spiking and oscillation in the intensity of frequency up-converted collimated blue emission in Rb vapor are attributed to temporal properties of emission on the population-inverted 5D5/2-6P3/2 transition and discussed in the context of... more
Spiking and oscillation in the intensity of frequency up-converted collimated blue emission in Rb vapor are attributed to temporal properties of emission on the population-inverted 5D5/2-6P3/2 transition and discussed in the context of cooperative effects.
ABSTRACT
The turbulent flow of shallow layer of fluid as occurs in rivers, estuaries and floods is modelled using the centre manifold reduction of the k-ε model for turbulence. The modelling technique is based on rational and mathematically sound... more
The turbulent flow of shallow layer of fluid as occurs in rivers, estuaries and floods is modelled using the centre manifold reduction of the k-ε model for turbulence. The modelling technique is based on rational and mathematically sound arguments and does not require any ad-hoc assumptions on ordering in the problem. The resulting new dynamical model describes the evolution of
Targeted ultrasound contrast agents are microbubbles that strongly scatter ultrasound, providing contrast on a scan, and have also been coated in molecules that adhere to target pathologies. The ultimate aim is to identify diseased tissue... more
Targeted ultrasound contrast agents are microbubbles that strongly scatter ultrasound, providing contrast on a scan, and have also been coated in molecules that adhere to target pathologies. The ultimate aim is to identify diseased tissue in clinical ultrasound practice. One issue is to discriminate in real time between microbubbles that have adhered to their target pathologies on blood-vessel walls, from those that are freely flowing in the bloodstream. It is known that linear theory predicts a shift in resonant frequency owing to the presence of a wall. Weakly nonlinear theoretical results are presented on alterations to the dynamical-systems behavior of one or more microbubbles on and near to walls. In particular, the bifurcation diagram is altered as microbubbles approach a wall. Near a wall, period-doubling and period-quadrupling bifurcations and transitions to broadband chaos occur at altered values of the incident pressure amplitude. Alterations in the bifurcation diagram increase as multiple bubbles are held fixed close to each other and to the wall. This suggests that filtering of the returning echoes around selected solution branches could provide a further real-time indicator of locations where targeted ultrasound contrast agents have adhered.
A finite amplitude instability has been analysed to discover the exact mechanism leading to the appearance of stationary magnetoconvection patterns in a vertical layer of a non-conducting ferrofluid heated from the side and placed in an... more
A finite amplitude instability has been analysed to discover the exact mechanism leading to the appearance of stationary magnetoconvection patterns in a vertical layer of a non-conducting ferrofluid heated from the side and placed in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the walls. The physical results have been obtained using a version of a weakly nonlinear analysis that is based on the disturbance amplitude expansion. It enables a low-dimensional reduction of a full nonlinear problem in supercritical regimes away from a bifurcation point. The details of the reduction are given in comparison with traditional small-parameter expansions. It is also demonstrated that Squire's transformation can be introduced for higher-order nonlinear terms thus reducing the full three-dimensional problem to its equivalent two-dimensional counterpart and enabling significant computational savings. The full three-dimensional instability patterns are subsequently recovered using the inverse transforms The analysed stationary thermomagnetic instability is shown to occur as a result of a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation.

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