Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh a... more Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh are important for control. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of liver fluke infection of goats in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and identifying those using integrated morphometric and molecular techniques. A total of 260 slaughtered goats (Capra hircus) were examined, and flukes were collected from infected liver using sterilized forceps. Fasciolosis prevalence in goats was 35.38% (92/260) across all age and sex categories. Female goats were found more infected (37.14%, 65/175) than male goats (31.76%, 27/85), while infection rate was found higher in young animals (37.91%, 69/182) compared to adults (29.48% 23/78). Infection rate was observed higher in rainy season (52.96%, 45/85), followed by winter (27.38%, 26/95) and summer (26.25%, 21/80). Collected flukes were examined by light microscopy after being stained with Semichon’s acetocarmine, and sequences of mtDNA Cox1 genes were ...
IntroductionResearch mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical st... more IntroductionResearch mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical strategies for cultivating research mentorship in resource-limited settings. WHO/TDR Global commissioned a group to develop a practical guide on research mentorship. This global qualitative evidence synthesis included data from a crowdsourcing open call and scoping review to identify strategies to enhance research mentorship in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions.MethodsThe crowdsourcing open call used methods recommended by WHO/TDR and solicited descriptions of strategies to enhance research mentorship in LMICs. The scoping review used the Cochrane Handbook and pre-defined the approach in a protocol. We extracted studies focused on enhancing research mentorship in LMICs. Textual data describing research mentorship strategies from the open call and studies from the scoping review were coded into themes. The quality of evidence supporting themes was assessed using the CERQUAL...
Introduction A better understanding of the epidemiology of helminths in animal hosts is important... more Introduction A better understanding of the epidemiology of helminths in animal hosts is important in order to ensure animal welfare, public health and food safety. The aim of this study was to explore parasitism in common animals in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of animal owners regarding parasitic diseases management were also assessed. Materials and methods A total of 550 fecal samples were examined from common animals (cattle, goat, pig, chicken, dog, and cat) across three different areas of Bangladesh (Dhaka, Sylhet, and Chattogram) from January 2020 to March 2021. Associated risk factors were assessed through questionnaire surveys among 50 animal owners. Parasitological assessment was done using the combined sedimentation-flotation method, and factors associated with infection were modeled using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results Helminths including Toxocara sp., Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp., opisthorchiid, Ascaris suum, Fasciola sp., Paramphistomum sp., strongyles, hookworms, roundworms, taeniid, and acanthocephalans were detected in the examined animals, and overall prevalence was 59.3% (95% CI = 54.1–62.8). Parasites were found in 61.3% (245/400) of food animals and 54.0% (81/150) of companion animals. Animal owners have a good understanding of parasite infections; however, that knowledge was not being translated into practice. Logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of deworming, animal husbandry practice, contact with untreated animals, and treatment-seeking behaviors were significantly associated with parasitic infection. Conclusion Several types of zoonotic parasites are widely prevalent in animals of Bangladesh and pose a potential risk to human health. This study highlights the need to diagnose animal parasitic infection and intensified case management to avoid spillovers to animals and humans.
To investigate the epidemiology and prevalence of common blood parasites of cattle, blood sample ... more To investigate the epidemiology and prevalence of common blood parasites of cattle, blood sample were collected (three samples for each animal) from clinically suspected (febrile, anorectic, especially non responsive to antibiotic therapy) cattle at various areas of Sylhet district during the period of 2011-2012. Total 100 cattle were examined for blood parasites (protozoa and rickettsia) infection. Classical Giemsa's stained were used on peripheral blood smears of suspected cattle along with hemolysis. The results of blood examination revealed 58% of total examined cattle were infected by blood parasites of which 42% of examined cattle had Anaplama infection and 16% of examined cattle had Babesia infection. Blood parasites belonging to two genera were identified: Anaplasma and Babesia. The species of Anaplasma was either Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma centrale or both and the species of Babesia was Babesia bigemina. In the present study, prevalence of blood protozoa in relati...
To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were co... more To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Fris...
Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and d... more Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, eff orts must be intensifi ed to eliminate STH as a publichealth problem. Accumulated scienti fi c knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundati on for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interrupti on strategy for STH. Conti nued progress toward global STH eliminati on will require soluti ons to potenti al obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic setti ngs like Bangladesh.
A survey of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite (GIPs) in scavenging and semiscavenging c... more A survey of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite (GIPs) in scavenging and semiscavenging cattle was conducted in four hilly areas of Bangladesh during the period from January to December, 2014. Faecal samples from cattle were collected and analyzed using the direct method and formol-ether concentration method. Among 400 samples, 324 samples were found positive with one or more parasites giving an overall prevalence of 81.0%. Amphistomes (Paramphistomum spp) was recorded the highest prevalence (60.5%) among the various species of parasites encountered during the study. Other predominant parasites were Balantidium coli (16.25%), Gastrointestinal strongyle (11.7%) and Haemonchus spp (9.7%). Female cattle (52.2%) was found more infected than male (47.8%). Young (6 to 18 months) were observed more infected compared to adult animals. The distribution of infection by different areas did not show any consistent trend. The high prevalence of parasitic infections in these cattle specif...
Soil-transmitted helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and di... more Soil-transmitted helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, efforts must be intensified to eliminate STH as a public-health problem. Accumulated scientific knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundation for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interruption strategy for STH. Continued progress toward global STH elimination will require solutions to potential obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic settings like Bangladesh.
The ectoparasitic infestation of cattle around the Bangladesh was recorded high because of positi... more The ectoparasitic infestation of cattle around the Bangladesh was recorded high because of positive natural conditions and the cattle were discovered to be infested with several species of ticks and lice. Epidemiological examination was done amid the period from January 2013 to January 2014, of 512 Cattle examined, 364 (71.09%) were discovered to be pervaded with a few types of ectoparasites. The relationship between the sex of the animals and the ectoparasite infestation were likewise determined. The infestation rate was higher in female relative to male. The relationship between the age of cattle and the different species of ectoparasites infestation was also studied. The prevalence rate was highest in case of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (16.80%) followed by, Boophilus microplus (15.82%), Hemaphysalis bispinosa (14.84%), Haematopinus euysternus (14.45%), Linognathus vituli (09.18%). Results communicated that, adolescent dairy cattle matured 1-3 years are more (80.78%) vulnerable than...
This study was aimed at describing two (2) intestinal nematodes from naturally infected native br... more This study was aimed at describing two (2) intestinal nematodes from naturally infected native breed of goats (Capra hircus) in Bangladesh, identified as Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich 1899 and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898. The identification was made based on morphometric features and was confirmed by amplifying internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene. Well-developed lateral alae, distinct cervical papillae anteriorly to esophageal expansion, and male spicule length (0.73-0.79 mm, n = 2) were characteristically observed in O. columbianum. At the same time, male spicule length (0.40-0.46 mm, n = 2) and position of female vulvar flap (4.30-4.54 mm from posterior end, n = 3) were observed in H. contortus. DNA sequence homology of the ITS and cox1 gene of both specimens revealed the same results, showing similarity to the GenBank sequences of O. columbianum (GenBank No. KC715827; JX188470) and H. contortus (GenBan...
Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and d... more Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, eff orts must be intensifi ed to eliminate STH as a publichealth problem. Accumulated scienti fi c knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundati on for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interrupti on strategy for STH. Conti nued progress toward global STH eliminati on will require soluti ons to potenti al obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic setti ngs like Bangladesh.
Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh a... more Epidemiological information and proper identification of Fasciola species present in Bangladesh are important for control. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of liver fluke infection of goats in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and identifying those using integrated morphometric and molecular techniques. A total of 260 slaughtered goats (Capra hircus) were examined, and flukes were collected from infected liver using sterilized forceps. Fasciolosis prevalence in goats was 35.38% (92/260) across all age and sex categories. Female goats were found more infected (37.14%, 65/175) than male goats (31.76%, 27/85), while infection rate was found higher in young animals (37.91%, 69/182) compared to adults (29.48% 23/78). Infection rate was observed higher in rainy season (52.96%, 45/85), followed by winter (27.38%, 26/95) and summer (26.25%, 21/80). Collected flukes were examined by light microscopy after being stained with Semichon’s acetocarmine, and sequences of mtDNA Cox1 genes were ...
IntroductionResearch mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical st... more IntroductionResearch mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical strategies for cultivating research mentorship in resource-limited settings. WHO/TDR Global commissioned a group to develop a practical guide on research mentorship. This global qualitative evidence synthesis included data from a crowdsourcing open call and scoping review to identify strategies to enhance research mentorship in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions.MethodsThe crowdsourcing open call used methods recommended by WHO/TDR and solicited descriptions of strategies to enhance research mentorship in LMICs. The scoping review used the Cochrane Handbook and pre-defined the approach in a protocol. We extracted studies focused on enhancing research mentorship in LMICs. Textual data describing research mentorship strategies from the open call and studies from the scoping review were coded into themes. The quality of evidence supporting themes was assessed using the CERQUAL...
Introduction A better understanding of the epidemiology of helminths in animal hosts is important... more Introduction A better understanding of the epidemiology of helminths in animal hosts is important in order to ensure animal welfare, public health and food safety. The aim of this study was to explore parasitism in common animals in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of animal owners regarding parasitic diseases management were also assessed. Materials and methods A total of 550 fecal samples were examined from common animals (cattle, goat, pig, chicken, dog, and cat) across three different areas of Bangladesh (Dhaka, Sylhet, and Chattogram) from January 2020 to March 2021. Associated risk factors were assessed through questionnaire surveys among 50 animal owners. Parasitological assessment was done using the combined sedimentation-flotation method, and factors associated with infection were modeled using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results Helminths including Toxocara sp., Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp., opisthorchiid, Ascaris suum, Fasciola sp., Paramphistomum sp., strongyles, hookworms, roundworms, taeniid, and acanthocephalans were detected in the examined animals, and overall prevalence was 59.3% (95% CI = 54.1–62.8). Parasites were found in 61.3% (245/400) of food animals and 54.0% (81/150) of companion animals. Animal owners have a good understanding of parasite infections; however, that knowledge was not being translated into practice. Logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of deworming, animal husbandry practice, contact with untreated animals, and treatment-seeking behaviors were significantly associated with parasitic infection. Conclusion Several types of zoonotic parasites are widely prevalent in animals of Bangladesh and pose a potential risk to human health. This study highlights the need to diagnose animal parasitic infection and intensified case management to avoid spillovers to animals and humans.
To investigate the epidemiology and prevalence of common blood parasites of cattle, blood sample ... more To investigate the epidemiology and prevalence of common blood parasites of cattle, blood sample were collected (three samples for each animal) from clinically suspected (febrile, anorectic, especially non responsive to antibiotic therapy) cattle at various areas of Sylhet district during the period of 2011-2012. Total 100 cattle were examined for blood parasites (protozoa and rickettsia) infection. Classical Giemsa's stained were used on peripheral blood smears of suspected cattle along with hemolysis. The results of blood examination revealed 58% of total examined cattle were infected by blood parasites of which 42% of examined cattle had Anaplama infection and 16% of examined cattle had Babesia infection. Blood parasites belonging to two genera were identified: Anaplasma and Babesia. The species of Anaplasma was either Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma centrale or both and the species of Babesia was Babesia bigemina. In the present study, prevalence of blood protozoa in relati...
To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were co... more To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Fris...
Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and d... more Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, eff orts must be intensifi ed to eliminate STH as a publichealth problem. Accumulated scienti fi c knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundati on for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interrupti on strategy for STH. Conti nued progress toward global STH eliminati on will require soluti ons to potenti al obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic setti ngs like Bangladesh.
A survey of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite (GIPs) in scavenging and semiscavenging c... more A survey of the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite (GIPs) in scavenging and semiscavenging cattle was conducted in four hilly areas of Bangladesh during the period from January to December, 2014. Faecal samples from cattle were collected and analyzed using the direct method and formol-ether concentration method. Among 400 samples, 324 samples were found positive with one or more parasites giving an overall prevalence of 81.0%. Amphistomes (Paramphistomum spp) was recorded the highest prevalence (60.5%) among the various species of parasites encountered during the study. Other predominant parasites were Balantidium coli (16.25%), Gastrointestinal strongyle (11.7%) and Haemonchus spp (9.7%). Female cattle (52.2%) was found more infected than male (47.8%). Young (6 to 18 months) were observed more infected compared to adult animals. The distribution of infection by different areas did not show any consistent trend. The high prevalence of parasitic infections in these cattle specif...
Soil-transmitted helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and di... more Soil-transmitted helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, efforts must be intensified to eliminate STH as a public-health problem. Accumulated scientific knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundation for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interruption strategy for STH. Continued progress toward global STH elimination will require solutions to potential obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic settings like Bangladesh.
The ectoparasitic infestation of cattle around the Bangladesh was recorded high because of positi... more The ectoparasitic infestation of cattle around the Bangladesh was recorded high because of positive natural conditions and the cattle were discovered to be infested with several species of ticks and lice. Epidemiological examination was done amid the period from January 2013 to January 2014, of 512 Cattle examined, 364 (71.09%) were discovered to be pervaded with a few types of ectoparasites. The relationship between the sex of the animals and the ectoparasite infestation were likewise determined. The infestation rate was higher in female relative to male. The relationship between the age of cattle and the different species of ectoparasites infestation was also studied. The prevalence rate was highest in case of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (16.80%) followed by, Boophilus microplus (15.82%), Hemaphysalis bispinosa (14.84%), Haematopinus euysternus (14.45%), Linognathus vituli (09.18%). Results communicated that, adolescent dairy cattle matured 1-3 years are more (80.78%) vulnerable than...
This study was aimed at describing two (2) intestinal nematodes from naturally infected native br... more This study was aimed at describing two (2) intestinal nematodes from naturally infected native breed of goats (Capra hircus) in Bangladesh, identified as Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich 1899 and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898. The identification was made based on morphometric features and was confirmed by amplifying internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene. Well-developed lateral alae, distinct cervical papillae anteriorly to esophageal expansion, and male spicule length (0.73-0.79 mm, n = 2) were characteristically observed in O. columbianum. At the same time, male spicule length (0.40-0.46 mm, n = 2) and position of female vulvar flap (4.30-4.54 mm from posterior end, n = 3) were observed in H. contortus. DNA sequence homology of the ITS and cox1 gene of both specimens revealed the same results, showing similarity to the GenBank sequences of O. columbianum (GenBank No. KC715827; JX188470) and H. contortus (GenBan...
Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and d... more Soil-transmitt ed helminths are responsible for diseases that thrive where there is poverty and disadvantage. Although rarely fatal, it is recognized as a leading global cause of lifelong disability. To achieve the target set by World Health Assembly, eff orts must be intensifi ed to eliminate STH as a publichealth problem. Accumulated scienti fi c knowledge and the availability of safe anthelminthics such as mebendazole and albendazole laid the foundati on for a global strategy to control STH. However, there are several foreseeable challenges and risks to the success of an MDA-based transmission interrupti on strategy for STH. Conti nued progress toward global STH eliminati on will require soluti ons to potenti al obstacles in the most challenging— that is, the poorest—endemic setti ngs like Bangladesh.
Number: E010018 Summary (400 to 500 words) should be concise and contain all sufficient informati... more Number: E010018 Summary (400 to 500 words) should be concise and contain all sufficient information for a fair assessment: [Objective] Bangladesh has implemented school-based mass drug administration (MDA) biannually since 2008 aim to eliminate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection. As reported, despite several rounds of MDA, the government still facing challenges to achieve the target of coverage and utilization of the intervention which is far behind the required level. This study was taken to explore and explain the barriers and gaps that hinder the utilization and coverage of STHs MDA by assessing the perception of community people towards the compliance of the intervention. [Method] A total of 200 participants including school age children, relevant parents, school teachers, health workers, community leaders and MDA program managers were involved in this mixed method study. To obtain data, focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, observation and semi-structured questionnaire were used in selected endemic areas of Bangladesh. All interviews were audio taped, transcribed and data was analyzed using atlas-ti software for qualitative study and STATA for quantitative study.
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