The objective of this study was to ascertain current teaching methods for antimicrobial resistanc... more The objective of this study was to ascertain current teaching methods for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary professional curricula and to find out what veterinary instructors consider to be prioritized subtopics related to AMR. The sampling frame was instructors in veterinary professional programs at US colleges of veterinary medicine who provide instruction about antibiotics or AMR in the disciplines of microbiology, pharmacology, public health, epidemiology, internal medicine, surgery, or related subjects. Identified instructors were invited to participate in an online survey of current teaching methods related to subtopics of AMR. From 1,207 invitations, 306 completed surveys were available for analysis (25% response rate) with the largest number of respondents stating their contact hours about antibiotics occur in the discipline of “medicine-food animal.” The median contact time suggested for AMR in the core veterinary curriculum was 3–5 hours, and for antibiotics in ...
Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2013
ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored food-related beliefs and attitudes of adults consuming a... more ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored food-related beliefs and attitudes of adults consuming a locally sourced diet. The primary author conducted three audiotaped, 120-minute-long focus groups using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework. Questions were designed to elicit salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that modulate an individual's intention to eat a locally sourced diet. The belief that local food is more nutritious and healthful than conventionally grown food is a major motivator for eating a local diet. In addition, the influence of family and significant others is important. Finally, cost and accessibility are perceived barriers to eating locally. Subthemes include inherent trust of local farmers and a moral conscience to eat locally. Future research may include a quantitative evaluation of the findings from these focus groups and analysis of local eating behaviors to determine the nutritional quality of this diet.
Decisions to behave in particular ways depend on beliefs, social norms, perceived constraints, an... more Decisions to behave in particular ways depend on beliefs, social norms, perceived constraints, and attitudes. Recently, this perspective has been expanded to consider the role of moral obligations in such decisions. Largely ignored are the possible interrelations ...
Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh... more Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh and Jon P. Alston Texas A&M University This study replicates and extends the hypotheses proposed by Gerhard Lenski in The Religious Factor regarding differential Protestant- ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Using m-Health apps can provide researchers and others with an effective way for improving physic... more Using m-Health apps can provide researchers and others with an effective way for improving physical activity (PA) and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The promotion of health should move from a model focused on the physical and biological basis of illness and towards a focus on the behavioral changes that support health. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to improve PA (step-counts) and body weight using a theory-based m-Health app. A 12-week randomized treatment trial was carried out at Texas A&M University, Texas, college station. College students (n = 130) were recruited. They were randomized in an equal ratio of 1:1 to intervention (m-Health app) (n = 65) and control (n = 65) conditions. The response rate was (87.6%). Both groups utilized a Smartphone app. The intervention group received PA goals of (10,000 steps/day), using an m-Health app. The control group was provided with information related to daily recommended PA levels. The primary change was daily step count betw...
The TEXAS! GROW! EAT! GO! (TGEG) randomized, control trial is a 5-year study to measure the impac... more The TEXAS! GROW! EAT! GO! (TGEG) randomized, control trial is a 5-year study to measure the impact of a nutrition and gardening intervention and/or physical activity (PA) intervention on the weight status of third-grade students. This article describes the results of the pilot study to test the feasibility of two interventions and test the measures to be used in the main trial. The pilot study was conducted in one school with third-grade students and their parents or guardians. The Junior Master Gardner (JMG) and Walk Across Texas (WAT) interventions were implemented over a 5-month period in three third-grade classrooms during spring 2012. The respective interventions focused on improving healthy eating and PA behaviors of children and their families. Baseline and immediate post-test data were collected from students and parents/guardians to measure four child, four parent, and four parent-child interaction behaviors. Process data regarding implementation were also collected from te...
The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and a... more The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and academic expectation for online learners. We simultaneously studied the structural relationships among 2×2 achievement goal orientations, self-regulated learning strategies (SRL), supportive online learning behaviors, and expected academic outcome in various online courses with 93 respondents (70 undergraduate and 23 graduate students). Specifically, we tested the mediation effects of both self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors on the relation between achievement goal orientations and students’ academic expectations. The results showed that two of the achievement goal orientations – mastery-approach goals (MAP) and mastery-avoidance goals (MAV) – predicted the adoption of the self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors, which, in turn, predicted students’ expected academic outcome for their online course. Specifically, s...
The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and a... more The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and academic expectation for online learners. We simultaneously studied the structural relationships among 2×2 achievement goal orientations, self-regulated learning strategies (SRL), supportive online learning behaviors, and expected academic outcome in various online courses with 93 respondents (70 undergraduate and 23 graduate students). Specifically, we tested the mediation effects of both self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors on the relation between achievement goal orientations and students’ academic expectations. The results showed that two of the achievement goal orientations – mastery-approach goals (MAP) and mastery-avoidance goals (MAV) – predicted the adoption of the self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors, which, in turn, predicted students’ expected academic outcome for their online course. Specifically, s...
Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning eu... more Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning euthanasia and suicide indicates that sex, age, and education are significant variables. Males, those who are younger and those who are better educated, are more likely to approve of euthanasia and suicide when a person has an incurable disease. Religious affiliation was not an important variable, although those who were frequent church-service attenders or who were high on religiosity were highly likely to reject euthanasia and suicide.
Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh... more Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh and Jon P. Alston Texas A&M University This study replicates and extends the hypotheses proposed by Gerhard Lenski in The Religious Factor regarding differential Protestant- ...
Antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and antimicrobial use in food animal production and to... more Antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and antimicrobial use in food animal production and to a lesser extent in human patients is under fire. Much of the criticism has to do with the misapplication of these drugs in both settings. Research indicates that patients, food animal producers, physicians and veterinarians have all played a part in misusing antimicrobials, often because of mistaken beliefs. This paper reviews this research and introduces a theoretical perspective, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which broadens our understanding of the motivations for misuse. In particular this approach shows that individuals making decisions about antimicrobial use take into account social pressures from and a sense of obligation to significant others in their social networks. Our own work summarized in this paper indicates that both feedlot veterinarians and feedlot managers' antimicrobial decisions are influenced by both expectations from and obligations to a variety of act...
Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning eu... more Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning euthanasia and suicide indicates that sex, age, and education are significant variables. Males, those who are younger and those who are better educated, are more likely to approve of euthanasia and suicide when a person has an incurable disease. Religious affiliation was not an important variable, although those who were frequent church-service attenders or who were high on religiosity were highly likely to reject euthanasia and suicide.
The objective of this study was to ascertain current teaching methods for antimicrobial resistanc... more The objective of this study was to ascertain current teaching methods for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary professional curricula and to find out what veterinary instructors consider to be prioritized subtopics related to AMR. The sampling frame was instructors in veterinary professional programs at US colleges of veterinary medicine who provide instruction about antibiotics or AMR in the disciplines of microbiology, pharmacology, public health, epidemiology, internal medicine, surgery, or related subjects. Identified instructors were invited to participate in an online survey of current teaching methods related to subtopics of AMR. From 1,207 invitations, 306 completed surveys were available for analysis (25% response rate) with the largest number of respondents stating their contact hours about antibiotics occur in the discipline of “medicine-food animal.” The median contact time suggested for AMR in the core veterinary curriculum was 3–5 hours, and for antibiotics in ...
Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2013
ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored food-related beliefs and attitudes of adults consuming a... more ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored food-related beliefs and attitudes of adults consuming a locally sourced diet. The primary author conducted three audiotaped, 120-minute-long focus groups using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework. Questions were designed to elicit salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that modulate an individual's intention to eat a locally sourced diet. The belief that local food is more nutritious and healthful than conventionally grown food is a major motivator for eating a local diet. In addition, the influence of family and significant others is important. Finally, cost and accessibility are perceived barriers to eating locally. Subthemes include inherent trust of local farmers and a moral conscience to eat locally. Future research may include a quantitative evaluation of the findings from these focus groups and analysis of local eating behaviors to determine the nutritional quality of this diet.
Decisions to behave in particular ways depend on beliefs, social norms, perceived constraints, an... more Decisions to behave in particular ways depend on beliefs, social norms, perceived constraints, and attitudes. Recently, this perspective has been expanded to consider the role of moral obligations in such decisions. Largely ignored are the possible interrelations ...
Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh... more Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh and Jon P. Alston Texas A&M University This study replicates and extends the hypotheses proposed by Gerhard Lenski in The Religious Factor regarding differential Protestant- ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Using m-Health apps can provide researchers and others with an effective way for improving physic... more Using m-Health apps can provide researchers and others with an effective way for improving physical activity (PA) and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The promotion of health should move from a model focused on the physical and biological basis of illness and towards a focus on the behavioral changes that support health. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to improve PA (step-counts) and body weight using a theory-based m-Health app. A 12-week randomized treatment trial was carried out at Texas A&M University, Texas, college station. College students (n = 130) were recruited. They were randomized in an equal ratio of 1:1 to intervention (m-Health app) (n = 65) and control (n = 65) conditions. The response rate was (87.6%). Both groups utilized a Smartphone app. The intervention group received PA goals of (10,000 steps/day), using an m-Health app. The control group was provided with information related to daily recommended PA levels. The primary change was daily step count betw...
The TEXAS! GROW! EAT! GO! (TGEG) randomized, control trial is a 5-year study to measure the impac... more The TEXAS! GROW! EAT! GO! (TGEG) randomized, control trial is a 5-year study to measure the impact of a nutrition and gardening intervention and/or physical activity (PA) intervention on the weight status of third-grade students. This article describes the results of the pilot study to test the feasibility of two interventions and test the measures to be used in the main trial. The pilot study was conducted in one school with third-grade students and their parents or guardians. The Junior Master Gardner (JMG) and Walk Across Texas (WAT) interventions were implemented over a 5-month period in three third-grade classrooms during spring 2012. The respective interventions focused on improving healthy eating and PA behaviors of children and their families. Baseline and immediate post-test data were collected from students and parents/guardians to measure four child, four parent, and four parent-child interaction behaviors. Process data regarding implementation were also collected from te...
The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and a... more The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and academic expectation for online learners. We simultaneously studied the structural relationships among 2×2 achievement goal orientations, self-regulated learning strategies (SRL), supportive online learning behaviors, and expected academic outcome in various online courses with 93 respondents (70 undergraduate and 23 graduate students). Specifically, we tested the mediation effects of both self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors on the relation between achievement goal orientations and students’ academic expectations. The results showed that two of the achievement goal orientations – mastery-approach goals (MAP) and mastery-avoidance goals (MAV) – predicted the adoption of the self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors, which, in turn, predicted students’ expected academic outcome for their online course. Specifically, s...
The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and a... more The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism between goal orientations and academic expectation for online learners. We simultaneously studied the structural relationships among 2×2 achievement goal orientations, self-regulated learning strategies (SRL), supportive online learning behaviors, and expected academic outcome in various online courses with 93 respondents (70 undergraduate and 23 graduate students). Specifically, we tested the mediation effects of both self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors on the relation between achievement goal orientations and students’ academic expectations. The results showed that two of the achievement goal orientations – mastery-approach goals (MAP) and mastery-avoidance goals (MAV) – predicted the adoption of the self-regulated learning strategies and supportive online learning behaviors, which, in turn, predicted students’ expected academic outcome for their online course. Specifically, s...
Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning eu... more Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning euthanasia and suicide indicates that sex, age, and education are significant variables. Males, those who are younger and those who are better educated, are more likely to approve of euthanasia and suicide when a person has an incurable disease. Religious affiliation was not an important variable, although those who were frequent church-service attenders or who were high on religiosity were highly likely to reject euthanasia and suicide.
Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh... more Lenski Revisited: The Linkage Role of Religion in Primary and Secondary Groups1 Wm. Alex Mcintosh and Jon P. Alston Texas A&M University This study replicates and extends the hypotheses proposed by Gerhard Lenski in The Religious Factor regarding differential Protestant- ...
Antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and antimicrobial use in food animal production and to... more Antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and antimicrobial use in food animal production and to a lesser extent in human patients is under fire. Much of the criticism has to do with the misapplication of these drugs in both settings. Research indicates that patients, food animal producers, physicians and veterinarians have all played a part in misusing antimicrobials, often because of mistaken beliefs. This paper reviews this research and introduces a theoretical perspective, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which broadens our understanding of the motivations for misuse. In particular this approach shows that individuals making decisions about antimicrobial use take into account social pressures from and a sense of obligation to significant others in their social networks. Our own work summarized in this paper indicates that both feedlot veterinarians and feedlot managers' antimicrobial decisions are influenced by both expectations from and obligations to a variety of act...
Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning eu... more Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning euthanasia and suicide indicates that sex, age, and education are significant variables. Males, those who are younger and those who are better educated, are more likely to approve of euthanasia and suicide when a person has an incurable disease. Religious affiliation was not an important variable, although those who were frequent church-service attenders or who were high on religiosity were highly likely to reject euthanasia and suicide.
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Papers by William A Mcintosh