Journal Papers by Nand Gopal
The paper presents selected implemented case studies on energy efficiency improvement in foundrie... more The paper presents selected implemented case studies on energy efficiency improvement in foundries and is based on the work done by TERI in different foundry clusters in India.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Jul 2014
In several developing countries, the share of urban water utilities’ electrical energy consumptio... more In several developing countries, the share of urban water utilities’ electrical energy consumption is over 5% of national electricity production. Energy cost is usually between 40 to 60% of the total operating cost of an urban water supply system. In urban water supply systems 90% of this electrical energy is consumed by pumps. The issues pertaining to developing countries are different than developed countries in this particular area.
Several energy efficiency studies show that there is a significant scope for
energy costing savings in urban water pumping operations. However, a key
barrier for carrying out energy efficiency improvement programme is the lack
of knowledge and skill sets among the operational staff. To assist the water
utility staff a web based interactive tool has been developed for identification
of energy cost saving opportunities. The tool will contain the elements such as
selection of appropriate measures, implementation and day-to-day
management, and a monitoring system for the water works. The implications
due to the use of such an online tool and its benefits are deliberated in the
paper.
Indian Foundry Journal, Feb 1, 2014
The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) play a vital role in the Indian economy. There are... more The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) play a vital role in the Indian economy. There are more than 5000 foundries in India and 80% of them are small-scale industries. The erratic global economic slow-down, has threatened the sustainability of MSME foundries. The paper emphasizes on the importance of resource efficiency parameters for sustainability of a ferrous foundry. Key Performance Indicators (KPI), which drive the resource efficiency of a foundry, are identified as: process yield, production efficiency, capacity utilization, energy consumption, fresh sand consumption, fresh water consumption and labour productivity. This paper mainly focuses on improvement of energy efficiency and process yield in ferrous MSME foundries. In this paper we have presented research result of the long term experiences in Kolhapur MSME foundry cluster. A comparison was drawn between resource efficiency parameters of Kolhapur MSME foundries and European foundries. Such a research may be expected to provide valuable insights into the effects of resource efficiency on sustainable development of foundries.
ACEEE International Journal on Control System and Instrumentation, Jul 1, 2010
This paper describes the perception of the load
controller of a self-excited asynchronous genera... more This paper describes the perception of the load
controller of a self-excited asynchronous generator with
constant power generation. Different load controller has
been reviewed. A simulation study of a simple electronic
load controller was done using MATLAB/Simulink
software. Performances of an asynchronous generator
with electronic load controller have been evaluated.
Discussions have been done over the simulation results.
Books by Nand Gopal
More than 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity. Although extension of the elec... more More than 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity. Although extension of the electricity grid remains the preferred mode of electrification, off-grid electrification can offer a solution to such cases. Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides a review of rural electrification experiences with an emphasis on off-grid electrification and presents business-related aspects including participatory arrangements, financing, and regulatory governance.
Organized in three parts, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides comprehensive coverage and state-of-the art reviews which appraise the reader of the latest trend in the thinking. The first part presents the background information on electricity access, discusses the developmental implications of lack of electricity infrastructure and provides a review of alternative off-grid technologies. The second part presents a review of experiences from various regions (South Asia, China, Africa, South East Asia and South America). Finally, the third part deals with business dimensions and covers participatory business models, funding challenges for electrification and regulatory and governance issues.
Based on the research carried out under the EPSRC/ DfID funded research grant for off-grid electrification in South Asia, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides a multi-disciplinary perspective of the rural electrification challenge through off-grid systems. Providing a practical introduction for students, this is also a key reference for engineers and governing bodies working with off-grid electrification.
Keywords » DfID - EPSRC - Low Carbon Energy - Off-Grid Electrification - Rural Development - South Asia Governance
Magazine Article by Nand Gopal
The key to success for reducing energy cost is to have right information and take informed decisi... more The key to success for reducing energy cost is to have right information and take informed decision. Monitoring is the key to success for reducing energy costs in a foundry.
Article speaks about greater impact of cluster based approach for energy efficiency at MSME secto... more Article speaks about greater impact of cluster based approach for energy efficiency at MSME sectors. The argument is strengthened with a case of Kolhapur Foundry cluster.
Foundry Review, Aug 2014
In 1966 German author Karl-Heinz Brokmeier wrote “Induction melting is in a state of rapid develo... more In 1966 German author Karl-Heinz Brokmeier wrote “Induction melting is in a state of rapid development”. Throughout 60s and 70s a dramatic growth of mains frequency induction furnace was seen across the world. Later in 80s with introduction of medium frequency induction furnace the ball-game changed totally. This was starting of a boom of induction furnace in foundries.
Foundry Review, May 9, 2014
International Conference by Nand Gopal
The small-scale refractory industries in India are
geographically clustered. These units have a g... more The small-scale refractory industries in India are
geographically clustered. These units have a great deal
of commonality in the level of technology, operating
practices and even the trade practices followed by the
entrepreneurs. Refractory manufacturing is an energy
intensive sector. The technologies employed are
obsolete and inefficient. There is a lack of research and
development for new technologies in these industries.
TERI conducted a preliminary study of a few operating
kilns in two adjacent refractory clusters in Chirkunda
and Asansol areas through structured discussion with
stakeholders as well as local industrial associations.
There are about 350 units in the two clusters and
majority (>95%) use traditional downdraft (DD) kilns.
DD kilns are generally characterized by low energy
efficiency and poor control over product quality. Apart
from poor kiln designs, the units lack skilled
firemen/operators that would help them in improving
firing practices.
With this background, TERI is reviewing feasibility of
energy efficient DD kiln in Chirkunda refractory
cluster. The paper presents performance observed in
walk through study related to energy balance of
existing kiln, feasibility of waste heat recovery from
flue gases and estimated cost benefit and GHG
reduction potential on adoption of “Best Operating
Practices” (BOP).
MSME are the prime movers of employment and
economic growth in India. Foundries are very vital fo... more MSME are the prime movers of employment and
economic growth in India. Foundries are very vital for
the infrastructure development and progression of
other industries. A majority of the foundries fall under
MSME category. Due to global competition especially
from China, the Indian foundries are facing
diminishing profits. High energy intensity in foundries
further reduces profit margin, forcing a few foundries
out of business. Reducing energy intensity by best
operating practices and energy efficient technologies
will not only improve energy efficiency, enhance
labour and machine productivity but also make the
foundries competitive.
TERI, with support from SDC is implementing an
energy efficiency program in two select foundry
clusters - Howrah and Rajkot. In Howrah, the focus has
been on skilling of foundry operators and
implementing best operating practices in 60 foundries.
This has led to energy intensity reduction by 4%
equivalent to energy saving of 356 toe per year.
Similarly, in Rajkot, the focus has been on promoting
and implementing energy efficient technologies in 75
foundries. This has led to energy intensity reduction by
8% equivalent to energy saving of 653 toe per year. The
project is under progress and TERI is providing
continuous technical support to the foundry units in
these two clusters. By the end of the 2017, the program
will cover a total of 200 foundries. The paper attempts
to showcase actual case studies from these two clusters.
The skills of factory floor personnel play an underlined critical role in sustaining energy effic... more The skills of factory floor personnel play an underlined critical role in sustaining energy efficiency in the foundry. The existing technologies can yield significant energy savings at a relatively low cost, if the technical skills of plant operators and supervisors are upgraded through training in best operating practices (BOP). TERI with support from SDC is
implementing ‘Scaling up Energy Efficient Technologies in Small Enterprises’ (EESE) project in Howrah foundry cluster. The focus of this project is on skilling MSME plants. TERI is working in partnership with IFA in skilling of MSME foundry plant personnel. In the study skill enhancement is linked with energy efficiency, with definitive goal of
GHG emissions reduction. The study duration is three years starting January 2015. This paper presents results of study during January 2015 to June 2016.
The aluminium industry is highly energy intensive. Cost of production of aluminium is high due to... more The aluminium industry is highly energy intensive. Cost of production of aluminium is high due to challenges pertaining to energy inputs and resources. The production of recycled aluminium from scrap has particularly been rising, spurred by the rising demand of castings in the automotive sector. The secondary production and conversion sector is concentrated among micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. Most of these units use energy inefficiently and there is a huge scope to enhance their energy efficiency and competitiveness through promotion of energy efficient technologies and practices. This paper presents results of energy efficiency study conducted on select MSME aluminium casting units across different locations in India (Chennai, Kolhapur, Pune, and Rajkot).
The present study investigates the influence of melting furnace on power demand and CO2 emissions... more The present study investigates the influence of melting furnace on power demand and CO2 emissions. Cupola and induction furnaces are widely used for melting in Indian foundries. Over past decade the use of induction furnace for melting has increased exponentially. Induction furnace technology claims to have lower CO2 emissions compared to cupola, not factoring in the local industrial needs and grid emission factor in India. The difference in grid emission factor is factored in to analyze the overall CO2 emissions per tonne of production in Indian scenario and compared to few other developed and developing nations. Also, the country is likely to experience energy shortage of 2.1% and peak shortage of 2.6% in 2015-16, which implies, it would be difficult to cater to the increase in power demand for induction furnace based foundry. The analysis is supported through a case study from Coimbatore cluster to showcase the need for assessment and selection of furnaces.
IV th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, Dec 10, 2013
Working Paper by Nand Gopal
OASYS SOUTH ASIA Research Project Working Paper Series, Aug 1, 2012
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Journal Papers by Nand Gopal
Several energy efficiency studies show that there is a significant scope for
energy costing savings in urban water pumping operations. However, a key
barrier for carrying out energy efficiency improvement programme is the lack
of knowledge and skill sets among the operational staff. To assist the water
utility staff a web based interactive tool has been developed for identification
of energy cost saving opportunities. The tool will contain the elements such as
selection of appropriate measures, implementation and day-to-day
management, and a monitoring system for the water works. The implications
due to the use of such an online tool and its benefits are deliberated in the
paper.
controller of a self-excited asynchronous generator with
constant power generation. Different load controller has
been reviewed. A simulation study of a simple electronic
load controller was done using MATLAB/Simulink
software. Performances of an asynchronous generator
with electronic load controller have been evaluated.
Discussions have been done over the simulation results.
Books by Nand Gopal
Organized in three parts, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides comprehensive coverage and state-of-the art reviews which appraise the reader of the latest trend in the thinking. The first part presents the background information on electricity access, discusses the developmental implications of lack of electricity infrastructure and provides a review of alternative off-grid technologies. The second part presents a review of experiences from various regions (South Asia, China, Africa, South East Asia and South America). Finally, the third part deals with business dimensions and covers participatory business models, funding challenges for electrification and regulatory and governance issues.
Based on the research carried out under the EPSRC/ DfID funded research grant for off-grid electrification in South Asia, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides a multi-disciplinary perspective of the rural electrification challenge through off-grid systems. Providing a practical introduction for students, this is also a key reference for engineers and governing bodies working with off-grid electrification.
Keywords » DfID - EPSRC - Low Carbon Energy - Off-Grid Electrification - Rural Development - South Asia Governance
Magazine Article by Nand Gopal
International Conference by Nand Gopal
geographically clustered. These units have a great deal
of commonality in the level of technology, operating
practices and even the trade practices followed by the
entrepreneurs. Refractory manufacturing is an energy
intensive sector. The technologies employed are
obsolete and inefficient. There is a lack of research and
development for new technologies in these industries.
TERI conducted a preliminary study of a few operating
kilns in two adjacent refractory clusters in Chirkunda
and Asansol areas through structured discussion with
stakeholders as well as local industrial associations.
There are about 350 units in the two clusters and
majority (>95%) use traditional downdraft (DD) kilns.
DD kilns are generally characterized by low energy
efficiency and poor control over product quality. Apart
from poor kiln designs, the units lack skilled
firemen/operators that would help them in improving
firing practices.
With this background, TERI is reviewing feasibility of
energy efficient DD kiln in Chirkunda refractory
cluster. The paper presents performance observed in
walk through study related to energy balance of
existing kiln, feasibility of waste heat recovery from
flue gases and estimated cost benefit and GHG
reduction potential on adoption of “Best Operating
Practices” (BOP).
economic growth in India. Foundries are very vital for
the infrastructure development and progression of
other industries. A majority of the foundries fall under
MSME category. Due to global competition especially
from China, the Indian foundries are facing
diminishing profits. High energy intensity in foundries
further reduces profit margin, forcing a few foundries
out of business. Reducing energy intensity by best
operating practices and energy efficient technologies
will not only improve energy efficiency, enhance
labour and machine productivity but also make the
foundries competitive.
TERI, with support from SDC is implementing an
energy efficiency program in two select foundry
clusters - Howrah and Rajkot. In Howrah, the focus has
been on skilling of foundry operators and
implementing best operating practices in 60 foundries.
This has led to energy intensity reduction by 4%
equivalent to energy saving of 356 toe per year.
Similarly, in Rajkot, the focus has been on promoting
and implementing energy efficient technologies in 75
foundries. This has led to energy intensity reduction by
8% equivalent to energy saving of 653 toe per year. The
project is under progress and TERI is providing
continuous technical support to the foundry units in
these two clusters. By the end of the 2017, the program
will cover a total of 200 foundries. The paper attempts
to showcase actual case studies from these two clusters.
implementing ‘Scaling up Energy Efficient Technologies in Small Enterprises’ (EESE) project in Howrah foundry cluster. The focus of this project is on skilling MSME plants. TERI is working in partnership with IFA in skilling of MSME foundry plant personnel. In the study skill enhancement is linked with energy efficiency, with definitive goal of
GHG emissions reduction. The study duration is three years starting January 2015. This paper presents results of study during January 2015 to June 2016.
Working Paper by Nand Gopal
Several energy efficiency studies show that there is a significant scope for
energy costing savings in urban water pumping operations. However, a key
barrier for carrying out energy efficiency improvement programme is the lack
of knowledge and skill sets among the operational staff. To assist the water
utility staff a web based interactive tool has been developed for identification
of energy cost saving opportunities. The tool will contain the elements such as
selection of appropriate measures, implementation and day-to-day
management, and a monitoring system for the water works. The implications
due to the use of such an online tool and its benefits are deliberated in the
paper.
controller of a self-excited asynchronous generator with
constant power generation. Different load controller has
been reviewed. A simulation study of a simple electronic
load controller was done using MATLAB/Simulink
software. Performances of an asynchronous generator
with electronic load controller have been evaluated.
Discussions have been done over the simulation results.
Organized in three parts, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides comprehensive coverage and state-of-the art reviews which appraise the reader of the latest trend in the thinking. The first part presents the background information on electricity access, discusses the developmental implications of lack of electricity infrastructure and provides a review of alternative off-grid technologies. The second part presents a review of experiences from various regions (South Asia, China, Africa, South East Asia and South America). Finally, the third part deals with business dimensions and covers participatory business models, funding challenges for electrification and regulatory and governance issues.
Based on the research carried out under the EPSRC/ DfID funded research grant for off-grid electrification in South Asia, Rural Electrification through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries provides a multi-disciplinary perspective of the rural electrification challenge through off-grid systems. Providing a practical introduction for students, this is also a key reference for engineers and governing bodies working with off-grid electrification.
Keywords » DfID - EPSRC - Low Carbon Energy - Off-Grid Electrification - Rural Development - South Asia Governance
geographically clustered. These units have a great deal
of commonality in the level of technology, operating
practices and even the trade practices followed by the
entrepreneurs. Refractory manufacturing is an energy
intensive sector. The technologies employed are
obsolete and inefficient. There is a lack of research and
development for new technologies in these industries.
TERI conducted a preliminary study of a few operating
kilns in two adjacent refractory clusters in Chirkunda
and Asansol areas through structured discussion with
stakeholders as well as local industrial associations.
There are about 350 units in the two clusters and
majority (>95%) use traditional downdraft (DD) kilns.
DD kilns are generally characterized by low energy
efficiency and poor control over product quality. Apart
from poor kiln designs, the units lack skilled
firemen/operators that would help them in improving
firing practices.
With this background, TERI is reviewing feasibility of
energy efficient DD kiln in Chirkunda refractory
cluster. The paper presents performance observed in
walk through study related to energy balance of
existing kiln, feasibility of waste heat recovery from
flue gases and estimated cost benefit and GHG
reduction potential on adoption of “Best Operating
Practices” (BOP).
economic growth in India. Foundries are very vital for
the infrastructure development and progression of
other industries. A majority of the foundries fall under
MSME category. Due to global competition especially
from China, the Indian foundries are facing
diminishing profits. High energy intensity in foundries
further reduces profit margin, forcing a few foundries
out of business. Reducing energy intensity by best
operating practices and energy efficient technologies
will not only improve energy efficiency, enhance
labour and machine productivity but also make the
foundries competitive.
TERI, with support from SDC is implementing an
energy efficiency program in two select foundry
clusters - Howrah and Rajkot. In Howrah, the focus has
been on skilling of foundry operators and
implementing best operating practices in 60 foundries.
This has led to energy intensity reduction by 4%
equivalent to energy saving of 356 toe per year.
Similarly, in Rajkot, the focus has been on promoting
and implementing energy efficient technologies in 75
foundries. This has led to energy intensity reduction by
8% equivalent to energy saving of 653 toe per year. The
project is under progress and TERI is providing
continuous technical support to the foundry units in
these two clusters. By the end of the 2017, the program
will cover a total of 200 foundries. The paper attempts
to showcase actual case studies from these two clusters.
implementing ‘Scaling up Energy Efficient Technologies in Small Enterprises’ (EESE) project in Howrah foundry cluster. The focus of this project is on skilling MSME plants. TERI is working in partnership with IFA in skilling of MSME foundry plant personnel. In the study skill enhancement is linked with energy efficiency, with definitive goal of
GHG emissions reduction. The study duration is three years starting January 2015. This paper presents results of study during January 2015 to June 2016.