- I'm an energy specialist with a special interest on developing economies. I've an interdisciplinary background (engin... moreI'm an energy specialist with a special interest on developing economies. I've an interdisciplinary background (engineering as the basic undergraduate degree, followed by a ME in Energy Policy and Planning and a Ph.D. in Applied Economics) and a multi-dimensional experience in various energy sector activities (technical, economic and management consulting and academic experience). I've more than 35 years of expertise in the energy sector.
Prior to joining Surrey, I was the Research Theme Director (Net Zero) and the Director of the Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development at De Montfort University (Leicester). I was the REF Coordinator for UoA13 for REF2021at De Montfort University. I have also worked at the University of Dundee, Asian Institute of Technology, Madras School of Economics and in the private sector consulting companies like PricewaterhouseCoopers, NERA and DCL India.edit
As part of the networking grant for UK-Japan research collaboration under the grant ES/S013547/1 (Integrating the sustainable development goals into climate planning in British and Japanese cities, SDG_CAPACities for short), primary... more
As part of the networking grant for UK-Japan research collaboration under the grant ES/S013547/1 (Integrating the sustainable development goals into climate planning in British and Japanese cities, SDG_CAPACities for short), primary information was collected from local government authorities, individuals and academics. This document provides the primary information gathered through interviews, meetings, personal communication (via email and telephone). The information is being shared publicly to facilitate subsequent use by other users for academic research and studies.
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Electricity is emerging as the preferred fuel of choice in Asia and the demand for electricity is rising. However, there is significant variation in terms of electricity use as well as electricity system performance in the region. There... more
Electricity is emerging as the preferred fuel of choice in Asia and the demand for electricity is rising. However, there is significant variation in terms of electricity use as well as electricity system performance in the region. There is also the issue of universal electricity access and high fossil fuel dependence. This chapter provides a brief review of the electricity supply and demand in Asia and presents the future outlook.
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Industrial energy demand with a 40% share dominates the final energy demand in Asia. Energy demand in this sector has grown at an average growth rate of 4.5% per year since 1990 but there is significant regional variation in demand. East... more
Industrial energy demand with a 40% share dominates the final energy demand in Asia. Energy demand in this sector has grown at an average growth rate of 4.5% per year since 1990 but there is significant regional variation in demand. East Asia with Chinese influence dominates the Asian industrial scene. Manufacturing activities play an important role in the industrial energy demand and the growth of export-oriented manufacturing base in the region has been responsible for faster energy demand growth. In terms of fuel use, coal is widely used as the source of energy but electricity has seen significant rise in its share as well. High reliance on coal has caused widespread environmental issues, particularly in industrial towns and cities of the region. Energy intensity has fallen in the sector but there is significant scope for further improvement in energy efficiency.
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The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) comprises 15 countries from 6 different climatic zones. A review of existing national and regional policies related to water-energy and food security nexus was undertaken for the... more
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) comprises 15 countries from 6 different climatic zones. A review of existing national and regional policies related to water-energy and food security nexus was undertaken for the ECOWAS region and a stock-taking and mapping exercise of field-level activities undertaken by practitioners was conducted. This thought piece presents the results of the above exercises. The purpose of this work is to provide structured information that forms the knowledge baseline for future Nexus initiatives in the region and provides a clear direction for policy initiatives by identifying the gaps, weaknesses and inconsistencies and suggesting any potential for synergies and integration to facilitate policy-making processes. We find that ECOWAS region has made good progress at the regional level in terms of developing an integrated agenda, particularly for water, which has adopted a nexus approach. The member states are also moving in the right direc...
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In Nigeria, inaccessibility and regular outages of power from the national grid has compelled SMEs to rely on fossil-based energy sources which aggravates environmental pollution, increasing mean carbon footprint, and further expand... more
In Nigeria, inaccessibility and regular outages of power from the national grid has compelled SMEs to rely on fossil-based energy sources which aggravates environmental pollution, increasing mean carbon footprint, and further expand social and economic consequences. This paper implemented observatory investigation and conducted semi-structured interviews to obtain data on the cost, quantity consumed and sources of energy in Wula in Boki forest area of CRS, Nigeria. Using standard emission factors, we estimate carbon footprint and identify sustainable energy potentials of the community. The study found a significant sustainable energy potential in the local community and opportunities for co-creating sustainable interventions that could jointly address energy needs for SMEs and proffer solutions for environmental and social impacts. The analysis further indicates that SMEs spent about $13,563 USD annually on fossil fuel-based energy and consumed 33,215 litres of petrol and diesel/ann...
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This chapter introduces the book. It presents the context and introduces the chapters.
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This chapter provides a review of electrification experience from the African continent by focusing on a selected set of country experiences from SubSaharan Africa. The review captures the diversity and similarities of approaches adopted... more
This chapter provides a review of electrification experience from the African continent by focusing on a selected set of country experiences from SubSaharan Africa. The review captures the diversity and similarities of approaches adopted by the countries in this continent and contrasts the successful examples of South Africa and Ghana with other Sub-Saharan African cases. The region lags behind significantly in terms of electricity access and unless huge investment is made urgently, the region is unlikely to catch up with the global trend. While strong government commitment, requisite financial support, and organizational and policy competence have produced clear benefits in the successful cases, tentative approaches, weak governance and poor financial support have created the vicious circle of weak outcomes.
The exploitation of hydro resources for generating electricity at cheaper cost gives rise to significant economic rent to owners. Cameroon, which has a great hydropower potential is engaged in developing the resources. Thus, the main goal... more
The exploitation of hydro resources for generating electricity at cheaper cost gives rise to significant economic rent to owners. Cameroon, which has a great hydropower potential is engaged in developing the resources. Thus, the main goal of this study is to calculate the potential economic rent that could be generated in the Cameroonian hydropower sector in order to meet the electricity needs and to achieve the “Cameroon 2035 Vision” promoted by the Government. In this study the hydropower rent is calculated for the whole country as the difference between optimized total costs of two hypothetical systems: one with hydropower and the other without hydropower. We also analyse the sensitivity of the rent estimation due to variations in some key parameters. Using the LEAP software system, our calculation gives a value of 16.937 Euro/MWh of hydropower rent for the Median scenario concerning the future demand trends. This rent is in the range of values found by Amundsen and Tjotta (1993)...
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This presentation highlights the contribution of cities to climate change and highlights the need for aligning the climate actions with the SDGs to develop an integrated strategy for development. The role of research in this area is... more
This presentation highlights the contribution of cities to climate change and highlights the need for aligning the climate actions with the SDGs to develop an integrated strategy for development. The role of research in this area is highlighted as well.
This chapter introduces the concepts related to management of energy demand and their economic analysis. It focuses on the demand management options and the economic decision making involved in demand management. It also introduces the... more
This chapter introduces the concepts related to management of energy demand and their economic analysis. It focuses on the demand management options and the economic decision making involved in demand management. It also introduces the concept of demand response and energy efficiency and presents the debate related to energy saving. The chapter also introduces a set of evaluation tests that are used to evaluate demand management programmes. Finally, the concept of rebound effect and the link between energy and other factors of production are presented.
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This chapter introduces the issues related to energy-related investments and presents the economic arguments to analyse such issues. The presentation focuses on the global, cross-cutting issues on investment without specific focus on a... more
This chapter introduces the issues related to energy-related investments and presents the economic arguments to analyse such issues. The presentation focuses on the global, cross-cutting issues on investment without specific focus on a particular country. It presents an overview of the investment needs and present main issues affecting investment and financing of investments. The chapter also touches on the effects of energy sector reform and global financial crises on investments in the sector.
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Abstract This paper evaluates the potential for reconfiguring city-scale clean water demand by reducing the non-residential asset sanitsation water footprint. A novel methodological framework is proposed for assessing the feasibility of a... more
Abstract This paper evaluates the potential for reconfiguring city-scale clean water demand by reducing the non-residential asset sanitsation water footprint. A novel methodological framework is proposed for assessing the feasibility of a mix of three surface sanitisation measures (Manual surface wiping, Mechanical cleaning/Rapid disinfectant spraying, Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation-UVGI treatment) in terms of a Sanitisation waterfootprint index (SWI); three typical application scenarios are considered – high risk-high frequency, moderate risk-moderate frequency, moderate risk-low frequency. The UVGI treatment outperforms the other two surface treatment methods, particularly in high risk-high frequency scenario in the healthcare setting, with SWI as low as 2%. Further, case-study evidence from a ward-level spatial analysis using real-world data estimates SWI ranging between 0-30% in those wards with greater commercial/public assets, showing clear merit of this framework in re-configuring city-scale public health sanitisation water footprint. A cost-benefit analysis (involving resources – staffing, water and chemicals; capital expenditure, and energy costs) shows superior performance of UVGI treatment over the other two methods from the second year onwards, surpassing the initial cost-effectiveness for corresponding manual or mechanical cleaning. Wider implementation of this framework can foster strategic transformation of city-scale water footprint, which is deemed essential for ensuring sustainable growth of water deficient cities globally.
The Niger Delta is under severe threat from the impacts of climate change in the form of flood, rising temperature, surging Atlantic tides, persistent heavy rainfall, and windstorms. The severity of the impacts on current and planned... more
The Niger Delta is under severe threat from the impacts of climate change in the form of flood, rising temperature, surging Atlantic tides, persistent heavy rainfall, and windstorms. The severity of the impacts on current and planned oil/gas infrastructures calls for urgent adaptation strategies. To adapt effectively, prioritisation of oil and gas infrastructures according to their criticality is crucial. This paper applied a systematic review of highly referenced journal articles published between 2008 and 2019 to scope and synthesise specific criticality assessment criteria for evaluation. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was implemented in criteria-based pairwise comparison and prioritisation of selected infrastructures. Practitioners with at least ten years of experience in the oil/gas industry in the Niger Delta were stratified accordingly for data collection through a perception-based pairwise comparison technique. The result was analysed using Mi-AHP software and shows the global priorities (eigenvector, EV) for each asset. Terminals, flow stations and roads/bridges obtained the highest EV = 0.27, 0.19, and 0.15 respectively; indicating their high criticality level in the oil and gas assets value chain. The result also shows that transformers/high voltage cable are the fourth most critical systems obtaining EV = 0.14 while Pipelines, loading bays and wellheads were ranked fifth, sixth, and seventh with EV = 0.11, 0.09 and 0.05. The paper portrays AHP as an effective tool in decomposing complex decision-making processes for evaluation of critical infrastructures for climate adaptation planning in the oil and gas industry.
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The impact of climate change on the Niger Delta is severe, as extreme weather events have inflicted various degrees of stress on critical oil/gas infrastructure. Typically, assets managers and government agencies lack a clear framework... more
The impact of climate change on the Niger Delta is severe, as extreme weather events have inflicted various degrees of stress on critical oil/gas infrastructure. Typically, assets managers and government agencies lack a clear framework for evaluating the vulnerability of these systems. This paper presents a participatory framework for the vulnerability assessment of critical oil/gas infrastructure to climate change impacts in the Niger Delta context. Through a critical review of relevant literature and triangulating observational and exploratory data from the field, this paper has developed a conceptual framework with three elements: (1) a preliminary scoping activity; (2) the vulnerability assessment; and (3) mainstreaming the results into institutional asset management codes. Scoping involves the definition of research aims and objectives, review of prevailing climate burdens and impacts, exploratory investigation, screening for new (planned) assets and selection of relevant infra...
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Renewable energy-based off-grid projects have played a crucial role in Sri Lanka’s universal electrification effort. The paper, in this context, unravels two crucial and quite interrelated aspects of decentralised off-grid electrification... more
Renewable energy-based off-grid projects have played a crucial role in Sri Lanka’s universal electrification effort. The paper, in this context, unravels two crucial and quite interrelated aspects of decentralised off-grid electrification in the country: a) it critically analyses the off-grid electricity sector development and assesses its contribution to the universal electrification in the country and; b) it examines the current set of challenges associated with the off-grid electrification in the larger context of massive grid expansion. A mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods is employed as tools of analysis. The paper brings out several policy-relevant findings. Strategic policy interventions coupled with targeted policy goals, robust community-centric management structures, well-designed credit systems, and well-structured capacity-building initiatives are identified as key leveraging points for the success of off-grid electrification projects. The techno-economic analysis of an existing micro-hydro project reveals that there exist opportunities for more productive use of existing capacity. Grid interconnection of off-grid energy projects emerges as a major challenge beset with a whole gamut of technical, legal, regulatory, financial, and social conundrums. Interestingly, the intensity of such challenges differs across ownership types.
Research Interests: Human Geography, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development, Rural Development, Sri Lanka, and 14 moreRural Electrification, Energy and Environment, Sustainable Rural Development, Renewable Energy Systems, Rural Energy Development, Rural Livelihoods, Solar PV, Energy Access, Off-grid Renewable Energy Technology, Off-grid Electricity, Micro Hydro, Offgrid Energy, Grid Intergration, and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
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Nech Sar National Park hosts a variety of unique terrestrial and aquatic features. The ground water forest of the park is characterized by dense canopy cover, evergreen, none rainfall dependent out of its biome region, rich in ground... more
Nech Sar National Park hosts a variety of unique terrestrial and aquatic features. The ground water forest of the park is characterized by dense canopy cover, evergreen, none rainfall dependent out of its biome region, rich in ground water and associated wetlands and mixed shrub land vegetation structure. Since ecosystem management is solidly dependent on localized factors, the research was carried out to explore the regeneration status of the ground water woody vegetation of Nech Sar National Park as it is a crucial element of identifying environmental as well as human induced factors that are affecting the restoration potentials of the vegetation. A total of 36 experimental plots were employed along five different transects that were laid out systematically so as to explore the regeneration status of the major woody tree species of the ground water vegetation of the park. The findings showed that, the ground water vegetation is at high risk of natural regeneration that needs the u...
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Dans ce papier, nous presenterons d'abord un resume des concepts relatifs au developpement durable. La question de la fiscalite energetique sera ensuite abordee. Les sections suivantes seront consacrees a l'analyse critique des... more
Dans ce papier, nous presenterons d'abord un resume des concepts relatifs au developpement durable. La question de la fiscalite energetique sera ensuite abordee. Les sections suivantes seront consacrees a l'analyse critique des differentes methodes de taxation energetiques ainsi qu'a l'analyse de differents aspects du debat portant sur le developpement durable et sur la politique des prix de l'energie.
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Providing access to electricity to a large section of rural population in Nepal has traditionally been a challenging exercise. This has been exacerbated by difficult geography, poor-socio-economic profile of rural Nepal and moreover by... more
Providing access to electricity to a large section of rural population in Nepal has traditionally been a challenging exercise. This has been exacerbated by difficult geography, poor-socio-economic profile of rural Nepal and moreover by the on-going energy crisis. This chapter conducts an objective assessment of the renewable energy-based off-grid electricity sector in Nepal, with specific focus on micro-hydro-based mini-grid systems by applying a mixed method research design built on both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. While the country’s experiences of developing micro-hydro- and solar energy-based off-grid interventions are captured by qualitative analysis, a standard techno-economic analysis of a micro-hydro mini-grid project is conducted to explore the possibility of introducing additional productive loads and to examine the cost efficacy of generating energy from micro-hydro vis-a-vis solar. Assessment of off-grid electrification options reveals that despite visible progresses, there still exist multiple roadblocks to scale up. Absence of clearly spelt out policy goals, weak institutional designs, low load factors, and lack of adequate finance and overall regulatory concerns stand as major obstacles for off-grid electricity sector development in the country. In addition, project-specific analysis reveals that solar loses out as a cost-effective option compared to micro-hydro. But optimal use of energy generated from micro-hydro-based mini-grids requires creation of productive applications at the local scale on a sustainable basis.
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Research Interests: Engineering, Sustainability Indicators, Sustainable Development, Energy, PPP, and 12 moreWeb, EDI, CDM, ETS, Index, Bp, GDP, GHG, Energy Access and Development, ESI, FDI, and GNP
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Page 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Energy Economics 1.1 Introduction Energy economics or more precisely the economics of energy is a branch of applied economics where economic principles and tools are applied to ''ask the ...
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The Electricity Act 2003, which has come to force in India since mid-June 2003, consolidates and replaces a number of older legislations on electricity. The act has introduced significant changes in industry structure by moving from a... more
The Electricity Act 2003, which has come to force in India since mid-June 2003, consolidates and replaces a number of older legislations on electricity. The act has introduced significant changes in industry structure by moving from a single-buyer market to a multi-buyer multi-seller system. The regulatory regime has been made flexible, with a multi-year approach and without requiring the regulatory commissions to follow rate-of-return regulations. The act brings clarity to the roles of different organisations and provides for better financial ...
There is a well-developed literature on the experience of rural electrification and the experiments being carried out for ensuring universal access to electricity. Although this research project is about South Asia, the experience of... more
There is a well-developed literature on the experience of rural electrification and the experiments being carried out for ensuring universal access to electricity. Although this research project is about South Asia, the experience of other countries and regions can be helpful in identifying options, for developing viable solutions and for formulating policies through a process of cross-learning. Accordingly, this working paper presents a review of rural electrification experience with a special emphasis on off-grid electricity generation ...
This is the revised and extended version of the first edition of my book on energy economics. This has been published by Springer-Nature in November 2019.
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This edited volume provides a comprehensive review of energy development in Asia. It brings a unique collection of experience and expertise of a large number of energy specialists working on Asian energy issues.
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This book provides a summary of outputs from the research carried out under EPSRC/DFID funded research project on off-grid electrification in South Asia. The lessons from the studies are first presented, followed by a set of policy... more
This book provides a summary of outputs from the research carried out under EPSRC/DFID funded research project on off-grid electrification in South Asia. The lessons from the studies are first presented, followed by a set of policy recommendations. Overall, the project finds and demonstrates that off-grid electrification can be an appropriate option for remote areas. However, no single solution fits all situations and a phased development process is more appropriate to take care of different levels of needs, local contexts, and resource availability. Given that mini-grid based local delivery systems can cater to household needs and productive loads, such an option can constitute an effective service delivery option for reliable and good quality electricity in rural areas. While lessons can be learnt from pilot projects, mass electrification requires
scaling up of successful initiatives by providing a supportive environment. Ten policy recommendations distilled from various studies undertaken through OASYS South Asia project can guide us in the right direction.
scaling up of successful initiatives by providing a supportive environment. Ten policy recommendations distilled from various studies undertaken through OASYS South Asia project can guide us in the right direction.
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The simplified version of Energy Economics book has been published.
Chinese publisher: Economy & Management Publishing House
Publication date: July 2015
Chinese ISBN: 978-7-1-5096-3540-7
Chinese publisher: Economy & Management Publishing House
Publication date: July 2015
Chinese ISBN: 978-7-1-5096-3540-7
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Since its modest beginning in the 1970s, the academic and research focus on energy has grown substantially and energy has established itself as an independent, interdisciplinary subject area. It attracts attention from people in a range... more
Since its modest beginning in the 1970s, the academic and research focus on energy has grown substantially and energy has established itself as an independent, interdisciplinary subject area. It attracts attention from people in a range of different fields including engineers, scientists, geologists, environmentalists, bankers, investors, policy makers and politicians. Energy Economics introduces the basic concepts of energy economics and explains how simple economic tools can be used to analyse contemporary energy issues.
Energy Economics is organised into six parts that give the reader a thorough grounding in various key aspects of the subject:
basic demand-related concepts and ideas used in energy economics;
supply-side economics;
energy markets, with specific emphasis on oil, gas and coal;
the application of simple economic principles in analysing contemporary energy issues;
environmental aspects of energy use; and
regulatory and governance issues.
Energy Economics is an easily accessible reference book for students of energy economics at the postgraduate level, as well as for a wider interdisciplinary audience. It provides readers with the skills required to understand and analyse complex energy issues from an economic perspective.
Energy Economics is organised into six parts that give the reader a thorough grounding in various key aspects of the subject:
basic demand-related concepts and ideas used in energy economics;
supply-side economics;
energy markets, with specific emphasis on oil, gas and coal;
the application of simple economic principles in analysing contemporary energy issues;
environmental aspects of energy use; and
regulatory and governance issues.
Energy Economics is an easily accessible reference book for students of energy economics at the postgraduate level, as well as for a wider interdisciplinary audience. It provides readers with the skills required to understand and analyse complex energy issues from an economic perspective.
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This chapter provides final reflections on Asian energy based on the discussions presented in various chapters of the book. Asia will play an important role in the global energy scene during the present century. As economic growth,... more
This chapter provides final reflections on Asian energy based on the discussions presented in various chapters of the book. Asia will play an important role in the global energy scene during the present century. As economic growth, urbanisation and per capita income growth continues, the economies will gradually move from the middle income to higher income categories. Secure and reliable energy supply will be required to support the transformation of the region. While there will be a tendency to rely on cheap local resources such as coal, its environmental and social impacts will become less acceptable to the society and the region will have to negotiate a less environmentally damaging development and climate friendly energy pathway. Transition to a sustainable energy pathway and universal access to such energies will require concerted efforts at the country and regional levels with the guidance and support of the international community. But greater regional cooperation, integration and learning from one another will also play a vital role.
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Electricity is emerging as the preferred fuel of choice in Asia and the demand for electricity is rising. However, there is significant variation in terms of electricity use as well as electricity system performance in the region. There... more
Electricity is emerging as the preferred fuel of choice in Asia and the demand for electricity is rising. However, there is significant variation in terms of electricity use as well as electricity system performance in the region. There is also the issue of universal electricity access and high fossil fuel dependence. This chapter provides a brief review of the electricity supply and demand in Asia and presents the future outlook.
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Coal is the dominant fuel in the primary energy supply of Asia. East Asia accounted for more than 80% of the regional coal demand and China remains the most important coal user in the world. South Asia (mainly India) is the other major... more
Coal is the dominant fuel in the primary energy supply of Asia. East Asia accounted for more than 80% of the regional coal demand and China remains the most important coal user in the world. South Asia (mainly India) is the other major coal user but Indonesia is the major exporter of coal from the region. Coal is mainly used in the power sector but industry also remains a major user of coal. The coal industry in three major countries, China, India and Indonesia, has evolved quite differently. India and China produced almost same amounts of coal in 1950 but since early 1980s the coal industry in China has grown much faster than India. Indonesia on the other hand has emerged as a major exporter only over the last decade, after recording a major growth of its coal output from Kalimantan island. Coal will remain the most dominant fuel in Asia in the future but its share is likely to reduce marginally. The air pollution challenges of coal use and the problem of climate change will require adoption of clean coal technologies and more efficient use of coal in the power plants and industry.
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This chapter provides a review of residential energy demand in Asia since 1990. It presents a regional overview, followed by a sub-regional discussion covering east, west, south and south-east Asia. A brief review of residential energy... more
This chapter provides a review of residential energy demand in Asia since 1990. It presents a regional overview, followed by a sub-regional discussion covering east, west, south and south-east Asia. A brief review of residential energy outlook is also provided. The chapter highlights the dependence on biomass in east, south and south-east Asia and significant regional variation in demand pattern. Energy use per person remains lowest in the south and highest in the west. Electricity use is rapidly growing and the outlook suggests an intensification of electricity demand in the region. The residential energy demand is likely to grow at a faster rate, varying between 2.4% per year to 3.2% per year. East Asian dominance will continue but south Asia is likely to grow faster due to faster demand growth in India.
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Industrial energy demand with a 40% share dominates the final energy demand in Asia. Energy demand in this sector has grown at an average growth rate of 4.5% per year since 1990 but there is significant regional variation in demand. East... more
Industrial energy demand with a 40% share dominates the final energy demand in Asia. Energy demand in this sector has grown at an average growth rate of 4.5% per year since 1990 but there is significant regional variation in demand. East Asia with Chinese influence dominates the Asian industrial scene. Manufacturing activities play an important role in the industrial energy demand and the growth of export-oriented manufacturing base in the region has been responsible for faster energy demand growth. In terms of fuel use, coal is widely used as the source of energy but electricity has seen significant rise in its share as well. High reliance on coal has caused widespread environmental issues, particularly in industrial towns and cities of the region. Energy intensity has fallen in the sector but there is significant scope for further improvement in energy efficiency.
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This chapter presents a stylised overview of energy situation in Asia covering the developments since 1990. The primary energy requirement of the region has grown significantly during this period as China emerged as the second largest... more
This chapter presents a stylised overview of energy situation in Asia covering the developments since 1990. The primary energy requirement of the region has grown significantly during this period as China emerged as the second largest global economy while other Asian countries grew economically. High dependence on coal emerges as a special feature of this development, which has allowed the region to maintain a self-sufficiency ratio of 80% since 1990. Most of the countries in the region have reduced their energy intensity but there is significant learning potential from one another in further improving energy efficiency. Growing industrialisation particularly in China has meant that the industrial sector is the leading final energy consumer but the residential sector comes next.
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This chapter introduces the book. It presents the context and introduces the chapters.
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Almost 77 million households in India were living without electricity in 2011 and more than 836 million people do not have access to modern cooking fuels. Such a situation continues to exist despite several initiatives and policies to... more
Almost 77 million households in India were living without electricity in 2011 and more than 836 million people do not have access to modern cooking fuels. Such a situation continues to exist despite several initiatives and policies to support rural energy efforts by the government. This paper examines the trends of rural energy programs in India and attempts to capture comprehensively the developments in rural electrification and access to modern cooking energies. The paper highlights specific challenges on technical, financial, regulatory and institutional aspects that are hindering rural energy access in India and lists out the key lessons from the energy access initiatives in India. It finds that successful outcomes require, among others, an ecosystem of innovation beyond “physical access”, synchronization of energy provision and development, and a structured model for rural energy delivery
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Abstract This chapter provides a review of rural electrification with an emphasis on off-grid electrification in South-East Asia and South America. Both the regions have successfully enhanced electricity access and many countries of these... more
Abstract This chapter provides a review of rural electrification with an emphasis on off-grid electrification in South-East Asia and South America. Both the regions have successfully enhanced electricity access and many countries of these regions have achieved near universal electrification. The experience from these regions and the contrasting approaches adopted by them are highlighted through a selected set of country case studies from both the regions. This chapter confirms that grid extension was the preferred mode of electrification ...
Abstract This chapter provides a review of electrification experience from the African continent by focusing on a selected set of country experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa. The review captures the diversity and similarities of... more
Abstract This chapter provides a review of electrification experience from the African continent by focusing on a selected set of country experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa. The review captures the diversity and similarities of approaches adopted by the countries in this continent and contrasts the successful examples of South Africa and Ghana with other Sub-Saharan African cases. The region lags behind significantly in terms of electricity access and unless huge investment is made urgently, the region is unlikely to catch up with the global ...
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This chapter introduces the specific features of the natural gas market and shows why the industry has developed in a different way than the oil industry. It then indicates the efforts being made in transforming the regional markets into... more
This chapter introduces the specific features of the natural gas market and shows why the industry has developed in a different way than the oil industry. It then indicates the efforts being made in transforming the regional markets into a global market. The economics of the gas market relevant to the developed and the developing countries is also presented.
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"Although rural electrification using mini-grids has attracted recent global attention, the concept has been there for quite some time. Consequently, a number of analytical approaches exist to support the decision-making process.... more
"Although rural electrification using mini-grids has attracted recent global attention, the concept has been there for quite some time. Consequently, a number of analytical approaches exist to support the decision-making process. This chapter first provides a review of literature dealing with analytical frameworks for off-grid and mini-grid based electrification projects. The range of analytical options includes simple worksheet-based tools to more sophisticated optimisation tools for technology selection as well as assessments based on multi-criteria analysis. This is followed by an evaluation of mini-grid based off-grid electrification projects in India that allows the identification of critical factors for the success of such projects. Finally, the chapter proposes an integrated approach for analysing decentralised mini-grid projects in a holistic manner. "
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This chapter provides a brief overview of the coal industry and indicates how coal—the old lady of the energy industry—has made a come back. The chapter introduces the reserves, demand, and supply situations in coal and discusses the... more
This chapter provides a brief overview of the coal industry and indicates how coal—the old lady of the energy industry—has made a come back. The chapter introduces the reserves, demand, and supply situations in coal and discusses the regional demand pattern. It also indicates the role of clean coal technologies for future development of the industry.
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This chapter discusses the reform and restructuring of energy industries and presents the issues related to these structural changes in the energy industry. The chapter starts with a discussion about the economic rationale for government... more
This chapter discusses the reform and restructuring of energy industries and presents the issues related to these structural changes in the energy industry. The chapter starts with a discussion about the economic rationale for government intervention in the energy sector, and the changes that weakened these arguments. Alternative reform models are then presented along with their pros and cons. It also presents a set of factors that determine the substainability of any reform.
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This chapter focuses on the economic issues related to energy security concerns. Issues related to energy security have resurfaced in recent times due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion, threats to infrastructure and possibilities of... more
This chapter focuses on the economic issues related to energy security concerns. Issues related to energy security have resurfaced in recent times due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion, threats to infrastructure and possibilities of disruption due to inadequate investments in infrastructure or market manipulation by market players. This has been strengthened by the recent high oil prices as well as periodic supply interruptions in certain parts of the world. This chapter explains the concept, the economic dimension of the ...
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This chapter provides a brief review of the evolution and developments of the international oil market. It sketches the historical evolution of the oil industry and indicates the major changes observed in this market. The chapter also... more
This chapter provides a brief review of the evolution and developments of the international oil market. It sketches the historical evolution of the oil industry and indicates the major changes observed in this market. The chapter also presents a brief analysis of some relevant issues such as the changing role of international and national oil companies, changing demand-supply patterns and the OPEC behaviour.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the economic concepts related to the electricity sector. It introduces the key concepts related to the electricity supply industry (such as load duration curve, capacity factor, and load diversity)... more
This chapter provides an introduction to the economic concepts related to the electricity sector. It introduces the key concepts related to the electricity supply industry (such as load duration curve, capacity factor, and load diversity) and provides simple decision-making tools such as merit order dispatch, levelised costs and screening curves that are used in the industry.
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This chapter presents alternative approaches used in forecasting energy demand and discusses their pros and cons. It covers both simple approaches based on indicators and more sophisticated approaches using econometric methods, end-use... more
This chapter presents alternative approaches used in forecasting energy demand and discusses their pros and cons. It covers both simple approaches based on indicators and more sophisticated approaches using econometric methods, end-use method and other approaches. The chapter builds on the materials presented in Chaps. 3 and 4 and explains how demand analysis tools are extended to make forecasts for the future. The chapter covers both simple and more sophisticated approaches.
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The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the issues related to climate change and discuss the economic perspective of the problem. It then presents the options available for mitigating the problem, and the challenges encountered in... more
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the issues related to climate change and discuss the economic perspective of the problem. It then presents the options available for mitigating the problem, and the challenges encountered in their implementation. The chapter discusses the energy sector's role in the entire debate and highlights the policy debates in both developing and developed countries.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the economic concepts related to fossil fuel supply. The chapter presents a typical chain of activities in the fossil fuel supply, namely exploration, development and production and discusses the... more
This chapter provides an introduction to the economic concepts related to fossil fuel supply. The chapter presents a typical chain of activities in the fossil fuel supply, namely exploration, development and production and discusses the relevant economic decision-making issues for each activity. It also considers the influence of government intervention on the investment decisions through fiscal instruments.
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This chapter introduces the concepts related to management of energy demand and their economic analysis. It focuses on the demand management options and the economic decision making involved in demand management. It also introduces the... more
This chapter introduces the concepts related to management of energy demand and their economic analysis. It focuses on the demand management options and the economic decision making involved in demand management. It also introduces the economic meaning of energy efficiency and presents the debate related to energy saving. Load management, energy efficiency and energy saving are discussed in this chapter. The chapter also introduces a set of evaluation tests that are used to evaluate demand management ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of energy demand using basic micro-economics and presents the three-stage decision making process of energy demand. It then provides a set of simple indicators (such as price and income elasticities and... more
This chapter introduces the concept of energy demand using basic micro-economics and presents the three-stage decision making process of energy demand. It then provides a set of simple indicators (such as price and income elasticities and energy intensity) and discusses the decomposition method and econometric method that can be used to analyse energy demand.
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The objective of this chapter is to highlight the energy-environment interactions and present the economic principles used in dealing with the environmental issues arising from energy use. The chapter introduces the concept of... more
The objective of this chapter is to highlight the energy-environment interactions and present the economic principles used in dealing with the environmental issues arising from energy use. The chapter introduces the concept of externalities and discusses the methods available for internalizing them. It also discusses issues related to estimation of external costs.
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to the well-developed economic literature on depletion of non-renewable energies and its effect on energy supply. The chapter first presents a diagrammatic analysis followed by a more formal... more
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the well-developed economic literature on depletion of non-renewable energies and its effect on energy supply. The chapter first presents a diagrammatic analysis followed by a more formal analysis. The link between the empirical evidence and the theoretical literature is also presented.
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This chapter introduces the industries of the energy sector and presents the basic concepts related to energy. It also introduces the energy accounting framework that provides a consistent basis for energy-related information for... more
This chapter introduces the industries of the energy sector and presents the basic concepts related to energy. It also introduces the energy accounting framework that provides a consistent basis for energy-related information for statistical analysis. The chapter discusses the data-related issues and indicates how the information presented in the energy balances can be used to understand the energy situation of a country/region. The chapter will enable the reader to understand alternative forms of energies, the energy accounting framework ...
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This chapter presents alternative mitigation options for pollution from stationary sources. It focuses on both direct and indirect control mechanisms and indicates the benefits and shortcomings of each option. The chapter elaborates on... more
This chapter presents alternative mitigation options for pollution from stationary sources. It focuses on both direct and indirect control mechanisms and indicates the benefits and shortcomings of each option. The chapter elaborates on the cap-and-trade programme used in the US for mitigation of acid rains and also introduces the problems related to indoor air pollution.
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This chapter aims to discuss the options and policies for mitigating pollution from mobile sources. The nature of the externality involved here is first presented and economic as well other instruments for reducing pollution from this... more
This chapter aims to discuss the options and policies for mitigating pollution from mobile sources. The nature of the externality involved here is first presented and economic as well other instruments for reducing pollution from this sector are considered. It also discusses the economic rationale behind some of the policies generally used.
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Page 1. Chapter 27 The Clean Development Mechanism 27.1 Basics of the Clean Development Mechanism The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), the other ...
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... The marketing and distribution margin is added to the above to obtain the selling price. ... Munasinghe and Warford (1982) add a new dimension to the ... The economic analysis of taxation has a long history and therefore there is a... more
... The marketing and distribution margin is added to the above to obtain the selling price. ... Munasinghe and Warford (1982) add a new dimension to the ... The economic analysis of taxation has a long history and therefore there is a well-developed body of literature on the subject5 ...
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This chapter focuses on the issue of high energy prices and their impacts on the economy. As the impact would be different for the importing and exporting countries, this chapter considers them separately. The purpose of this chapter is... more
This chapter focuses on the issue of high energy prices and their impacts on the economy. As the impact would be different for the importing and exporting countries, this chapter considers them separately. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the economic dimension of the problem and discusses the policies that can be taken to improve the situation.
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This chapter provides an overview of tools and models used to analyse the energy systems in an integrated manner. The chapter refers to the reference energy system and provides a review of various models commonly used for energy system... more
This chapter provides an overview of tools and models used to analyse the energy systems in an integrated manner. The chapter refers to the reference energy system and provides a review of various models commonly used for energy system applications. It then touches on energy-economy interactions.
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Page 1. Chapter 7 Economic Analysis of Energy Investments 7.1 Introduction The economic problem of allocating limited resources to various needs often requires decision-making about appropriate investments. Energy sector ...
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This chapter introduces the concepts of regulatory economics relevant for the energy industry. The energy industry in general and the network-based energy sector in particular show the problems of natural monopoly and monopoly features.... more
This chapter introduces the concepts of regulatory economics relevant for the energy industry. The energy industry in general and the network-based energy sector in particular show the problems of natural monopoly and monopoly features. Two solutions have been commonly used to resolve the problem: either to allow monopolies to operate under a system of regulation or to use public ownership to capture monopoly rents and redistribute the proceeds through state policies. Regulation is an essential component of the first solution and is discussed ...
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This chapter introduces the issues related to energy-related investments and presents the economic arguments to analyse such issues. The presentation focuses on the global, cross-cutting issues on investment without specific focus on a... more
This chapter introduces the issues related to energy-related investments and presents the economic arguments to analyse such issues. The presentation focuses on the global, cross-cutting issues on investment without specific focus on a particular country. It presents an overview of the investment needs and present main issues affecting investment and financing of investments. The chapter also touches on the effects of energy sector reform and global financial crises on investments in the sector.
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Research Interests: Investment and Policies
Page 1. Chapter 12 Energy Markets and Principles of Energy Pricing 12.1 Introduction: Basic Competitive Market Model Any standard economics textbook starts with the theoretical world of perfect competition. In such a case ...
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Page 1. Chapter 11 The Economics of Renewable Energy Supply 11.1 Introduction: Renewable and Alternative Energy Background This chapter focuses on the economics of renewable and alternative energies. The term ''alternative ...
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The purpose of this chapter is to consider energy demand at the fuel level or at the sector level. Each sector or fuel has its specific features that an aggregated analysis cannot capture. A disaggregated analysis also requires more... more
The purpose of this chapter is to consider energy demand at the fuel level or at the sector level. Each sector or fuel has its specific features that an aggregated analysis cannot capture. A disaggregated analysis also requires more detailed information. This chapter first presents the disaggregation of energy demand, discusses the information issues and introduces frameworks/tools for a disaggregated analysis.
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The energy sector has seen significant developments since the aftermath of the first oil shock in 1970s. From a level of limited understanding of the issues related to the sector, there has been a significant build-up of knowledge. In the... more
The energy sector has seen significant developments since the aftermath of the first oil shock in 1970s. From a level of limited understanding of the issues related to the sector, there has been a significant build-up of knowledge. In the three decades that followed since the first oil ...
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This book, an abridged and consolidated version of the author's doctoral thesis, presents a comprehensive analysis of independent power producers (IPPs) as a model for the power sector reform in developing countries and asks whether... more
This book, an abridged and consolidated version of the author's doctoral thesis, presents a comprehensive analysis of independent power producers (IPPs) as a model for the power sector reform in developing countries and asks whether this model of development is beneficial for them or not. It then tries to find out ways of improving the beneficial consequences without reducing the incentives for private parties to engage in the process. Clearly, the issue of IPPs has remained one of the major debates since 1990s and many ...
Ensuring energy supply or more precisely ensuring adequate, affordable and reliable energy supply is considered to be one of the main challenges facing the humanity in the present century. As the scary stories of “peak-oil” propagate and... more
Ensuring energy supply or more precisely ensuring adequate, affordable and reliable energy supply is considered to be one of the main challenges facing the humanity in the present century. As the scary stories of “peak-oil” propagate and concerns rise about the prospects of finding an inhospitable climate, or fears of energy supply disruptions due to political or other reasons mount, people become concerned about the future of energy. Further, the process of developing an affordable, reliable, environmentally benign energy ...
This is a timely edited volume that compiles essential legal and business information required to understand the LNG business. Written by gas consultants and legal specialists involved in the gas business, the volume is likely to prove to... more
This is a timely edited volume that compiles essential legal and business information required to understand the LNG business. Written by gas consultants and legal specialists involved in the gas business, the volume is likely to prove to be a valuable practical guide for practitioners. The book would also be very useful for students who are interested in studying LNG and willing to learn about the different facets of the business, although the book has a less strict pedagogic style given its target audience.
The global carbon market has grown rapidly over the past decade or so and anyone familiar with these developments understands its complexity. According to the State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009 by the World Bank, the value of the... more
The global carbon market has grown rapidly over the past decade or so and anyone familiar with these developments understands its complexity. According to the State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009 by the World Bank, the value of the market has doubled between 2007 and 2008 and reached $126 billion by the end of 2008. The European Emissions Trading is the dominant mechanism in the market accounting for about two-thirds of the market value. Other instruments like the credits from the Clean Development Mechanism ( ...
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This edited book contains chapters that are written by specialists in the area who have reflected on the changing nature of the energy industry in the UK and globally and on the policy and governance implications of these changes. ... The... more
This edited book contains chapters that are written by specialists in the area who have reflected on the changing nature of the energy industry in the UK and globally and on the policy and governance implications of these changes. ... The book is organised in four parts and contains 16 chapters – each part focusing on a specific industry or area. Part 1 deals with the concepts, Part 2 is devoted to oil and gas industry, Part 3 is concerned with electricity while Part 4 focuses on the international policy. Clearly the book covers a large ground and presents a contemporary view of the ...
This book presents the results of a two-year study jointly carried out by the Development Research Centre under the China State Council and the World Bank's Infrastructure Department of the East Asia and the Pacific Region. The... more
This book presents the results of a two-year study jointly carried out by the Development Research Centre under the China State Council and the World Bank's Infrastructure Department of the East Asia and the Pacific Region. The growing Chinese energy demand is receiving greater global attention due to its supply-side implications, business opportunities as well as environmental consequences. This report is a timely contribution to the debate about the sustainability of Chinese energy demand. It provides a clear ...
This timely publication deals with a topical issue. The double-digit economic growth of China that has been sustained over two decades had significant energy implications for China and the world at large, which has been recognised... more
This timely publication deals with a topical issue. The double-digit economic growth of China that has been sustained over two decades had significant energy implications for China and the world at large, which has been recognised recently when oil prices in the international market soared to record levels. The steady growth in Chinese demand for energy in general and for oil in particular, and the Chinese efforts for securing more oil through acquisition of oil development rights or oil assets in the international arena have suddenly become a ...
This chapter introduces the problem of lack of access to energy services in order to awareness about the issue. It provides an overview of the problem dimension and presents the common approaches used to address this issue. Finally, it... more
This chapter introduces the problem of lack of access to energy services in order to awareness about the issue. It provides an overview of the problem dimension and presents the common approaches used to address this issue. Finally, it calls for a change in the provision of access to ensure better results.
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Organisational Transformation in the Russian Oil Industry Sarah Dixon NEW HORIZONS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ... Organisational Transformation in the Russian Oil Industry ... NEW HORIZONS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Series Editor: Peter J.... more
Organisational Transformation in the Russian Oil Industry Sarah Dixon NEW HORIZONS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ... Organisational Transformation in the Russian Oil Industry ... NEW HORIZONS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Series Editor: Peter J. Buckley Centre for International ...
Managing the Transition to Renewable Energy: Theory and Practice from Local, Regional and Macro Perspective20092Edited by Jeroen CJM van den Bergh and Frank R. Bruinsma. Managing the Transition to Renewable Energy: Theory and Practice from Local, Regional and Macro Perspective . Cheltenham, UK: E...more
As the name indicates, this title deals with the process of transition to a low carbon energy future and presents the theoretical concepts and frameworks, and their applications at multiple levels (eg macro and local levels). Through out... more
As the name indicates, this title deals with the process of transition to a low carbon energy future and presents the theoretical concepts and frameworks, and their applications at multiple levels (eg macro and local levels). Through out the book, authors use the notion of transition–“a society-wide innovation with a focus on basic or fundamental activities”–and transition management–a new reflexive governance approach to deal with the problems faced by the society. These ideas are presented in three parts: Part I presents the ...
It is widely known to all involved in the teaching and training of oil and gas economics and policies that there is a dearth of good reference books that is accessible to all readers. References like Masseron's (1990) book... more
It is widely known to all involved in the teaching and training of oil and gas economics and policies that there is a dearth of good reference books that is accessible to all readers. References like Masseron's (1990) book are outdated now and no recent book was available to fill the gap. The IFP-School publication under review is sure to remove this void and would become a standard reference book in the industry for years to come. The book is written in a style that makes it accessible to everyone interested in the subject. It provides ...
Financing Energy Efficiency: Lessons from Brazil, China, India and Beyond20091Robert P. Taylor, C. Govindarajalu, J. Levin, A.S. Meyer and W.A. Ward. Financing Energy Efficiency: Lessons from Brazil, China, India and Beyond . Washington, DC: The World Bank 2008. xvii+284 pages, ISBN: 978‐0‐8213‐7...more
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The book under review is devoted to the emerging business of emissions trading and as the title indicates is a detailed guide for those who wants to understand this evolving business. International Emissions Trading is one of the flexible... more
The book under review is devoted to the emerging business of emissions trading and as the title indicates is a detailed guide for those who wants to understand this evolving business. International Emissions Trading is one of the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol aimed at controlling the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is normally considered by scientists that increasing concentrations of GHGs is responsible for the climate change that poses significant threats for the society and the ecosystem. As the mitigation of GHG ...
This provides a summary of presentations made at the Smart Grid Symposium held in June 2015 at Leicester.
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We are very happy to present the first issue of International Journal of Energy Sector Management of 2011. With this issue, the journal enters into its fifth year of existence and the interest in the journal is growing as the submission... more
We are very happy to present the first issue of International Journal of Energy Sector Management of 2011. With this issue, the journal enters into its fifth year of existence and the interest in the journal is growing as the submission rate and the diversity of the papers would suggest. We thank all the patrons of the journal for their continued support.
The second issue of this volume incorporates a special issue developed by Professor Robert Howlett and Dr Eva Maleviti on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. The special issue presents four papers from the Second International... more
The second issue of this volume incorporates a special issue developed by Professor Robert Howlett and Dr Eva Maleviti on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. The special issue presents four papers from the Second International Conference on the theme held in Brighton in 2010. We thank the Guest Editors for their efforts in producing this issue. Energy management in buildings is an area that has received less attention in IJESM so far and we are thankful to the Guest Editors for adding this dimension to our journal.
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Community managed solar micro-grids have the potential to provide reliable and affordable energy access to remote villages in India
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Climate change extreme weather events such as flood, rising temperature and windstorms pose significant threats to oil and gas infrastructure in the Niger. Due to a gap in evaluation of assets exposure in the region, little is known about... more
Climate change extreme weather events such as flood, rising temperature and windstorms pose significant threats to oil and gas infrastructure in the Niger. Due to a gap in evaluation of assets exposure in the region, little is known about their level of exposure hierarchies. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to evaluate the exposure of selected oil and gas infrastructure to prevailing climate burdens for sustainable adaptation planning. A combination of observational and interdisciplinary stakeholder decision-making process in four (4) multinational oil companies was used to elicit data through focus group and face-to-face interviews. Participants pairwise compared selected infrastructure using AHP questionnaire for pairwise comparison of infrastructure in a matrix system. Multiple-input (Mi-AHP) analysis revealed assets exposure to climate burdens in the following order; pipelines, terminals, roads/bridges, flow stations, loading bay, transformers/HVC and oil well-heads. Exposure is forces vulnerability of infrastructure to flood and direct heatwaves while the presence of climate burdens and proximity to areas below 4.5 m above sea level further exacerbate exposure. The research also found that interdependence, criticality, obsolescence, and adaptive capacity are other factors responsible for exposure and vulnerability of infrastructure in the Niger Delta. The result further revealed that infrastructure with weak adaptive capacities and significant obsolescence are more vulnerable if exposed to severe climate burdens. The outcome of this investigation provide hands-on data for responsible stakeholders and policymakers in the oil and gas industry for effective and sustainable planning and prioritisation of adaptation investment strategies.