Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Günümüzde hızlı kentleşme ve beraberindeki nüfus artışları yerleşim alanlarında gürültü artışına ... more Günümüzde hızlı kentleşme ve beraberindeki nüfus artışları yerleşim alanlarında gürültü artışına neden olmaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmelerle, kent yaşamında, ulaşım kaynaklı ana çevresel gürültü kaynağının karayolu gürültüsü olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Karayolu gürültüsünü azaltmak ve olumsuz etkilerini önlemek amacıyla en etkin ve ekonomik yol kaynakta kontroldür. Ancak kaynakta denetimin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, kaynak ile alıcı arasında kullanılan akustik engeller öne çıkmaktadır. Tüm dünyada karayolu kaynaklı gürültü azaltımı için farklı tasarım bileşenlerine sahip gürültü bariyer sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. Karayollarında gürültü kontrolünü sağlamak üzere bariyer sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi öncesinde uygun kesitlerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Stratejik gürültü haritalama çalışması yapılmasıyla, kabul edilebilir gürültü seviyelerinin aşıldığı alanlar ve bu alanlardaki karayolu kesitleri tespit edilebilmektedir. Ancak, söz konusu kesitlere bariyer uygulanması için sınır a...
Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that poses a risk to human health, the environ... more Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that poses a risk to human health, the environment, and property. PM10 is particularly significant as the vector of numerous dangerous trace elements due to the possible influence on human health and the ecosystem. Because of these effects, identifying potential sources and quantifying their impact on ambient PM10 concentration is essential for creating efficient control strategies to reach the threshold values. Based on the chemical species information derived from PM samples, receptor modeling has been extensively used for source appointment. In this study, PM10 samples were collected for three different periods (April, May, and June 2021), each lasting 15 days, using semi-automatic dust sampler systems at two sites selected in Biga, Canakkale, Turkiye. The relative contributions of different source types were quantified using EPA PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) based on the 36 elements as components of PM10. As a result of th...
Abstract Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey wh... more Abstract Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is suburban site and has forests and agricultural areas. This study aims to understand the role of atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes over the Biga Peninsula. Ozone concentrations were measured at the monitoring stations for three years (2013–2015) to identify and characterize the ozone episodes in the study area. HYSPLITv4 model driven by the WRF ARW v3.8 and surface data is used to identify the emission source locations. The WRF ARW results were analyzed for the meteorological variables used in the study (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity, u and v wind components) with index of agreement, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and root mean squared error. It is found that local photochemical production and accumulation and transport of pollutants from the anthropogenic sources (residential, traffic and industrial) in Marmara regions are the most important factors on ozone levels. The five ozone episodes were also analyzed using HYSPLIT model to infer long range transport. Three-day backward air mass trajectories analysis is performed to assess the contribution of long-range transport of pollutants, resulting in the following main routes: Istanbul and Black Sea. The results show that rural areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations.
Abstract Environmental impacts of motor vehicles in the form of air and noise pollution have attr... more Abstract Environmental impacts of motor vehicles in the form of air and noise pollution have attracted more interest in recent years due to their relation with some health problems such as asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Recently, it has been suggested that not only their individual effects but also their combined effects should be considered in public health studies. In this study, NOx and noise pollution levels were determined in Trabzon, a city in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. For this purpose, a traffic emission inventory was prepared to be used in an air pollution modeling software to determine the concentrations of NOx, one of the primary pollutants from road traffic emissions, within the study area. Also, vehicle counts and types were determined to be used in noise pollution software to evaluate the noise pollution levels in the study area. Model results were compared to measurement data by using different statistical tools. Separate and combined exposures of the population to traffic-related NOx and noise emissions were examined together with meteorological and topographic effects on them. The relationship between NOx and noise pollution indicated that, they are highly correlated in two districts (Valilik and Meydan) out of the four examined in Trabzon city center, suggesting traffic is the dominant source for both. Results indicated that percentages of the population exposed to traffic-related NOx and noise levels above the regulatory limits were 10% and 21%, respectively. It was determined that 6% of the population, 29 school and 19 hospital buildings were exposed to both noise and NOx levels above the regulatory limits in the city center of Trabzon. These percentages should be considered as conservative since additional NOx and noise sources other than traffic might increase the exposure levels of the population.
Abstract Airports are the one of major contributors to noise pollution in cities. As feasible tra... more Abstract Airports are the one of major contributors to noise pollution in cities. As feasible transportation to the airports is desired, cities have been enlarged very close to airports since their establishment. In this paper, noise levels around Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport and Ankara Esenboga Airport were evaluated according to the European Noise Directive (END) and by using annoyance and sleep-disturbance indices. These airports are two of the biggest ones in Turkey and both have similar flight statistics. Hot spot analysis results were used for land use planning, assessment of noise effects on public health and determination of noise reduction measures to be used for Noise Action Plans implemented by local authorities. The percentages of people annoyed (% A), highly annoyed (% HA) and highly sleep disturbed (% HSD) were estimated to determine the effects of both airports’ noise on people's health. Hot spot scores of two airports were calculated and compared with each other, which were determined by using the annoyance, sleep disturbances and Building Prioritization Score (BPS) indices. Experimental studies on humans acutely exposed to noise at very high level show increases in blood pressure and heart rate as a result of which induce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance can be induced. According to results of this study, the urbanization near the airport increases the noise reduction cost and public health problems.
Spatial and temporal variability of surface ozone in the rural, mountainous and suburban sites of... more Spatial and temporal variability of surface ozone in the rural, mountainous and suburban sites of Biga Peninsula, at the northwest of Turkey which is about 300km southwest of Istanbul was investigated using passive samplers and continuous analyzers. A total 10 passive samplers and two continuous analyzers were used between 1.1.2013 and 31.12.2014. OX levels in the study region were examined to understand NOx dependent or independent contribution to ozone. The influences of the meteorological parameters on ozone levels were also examined by wind speed and ambient temperature. The results clearly show that mountainous areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations. In order to understand the long range transport sources contributing to the high ozone levels in the region backward trajectories were computed using HYSPLIT model and then clustering of trajectories are performed. The results clearly show the characteristics of pollutant transport from north to Biga Peninsula. Additionally, AOT40 (Accumulated hourly O3 concentrations Over a Threshold of 40ppb) cumulative index was calculated using daytime hourly measurements. The results indicate that the ozone values in the study area are much higher than the critical levels for forest and vegetation based on EU Directive 2008/50/EC.
Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, h... more Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, has been turned out to be one of the major problems that impact the quality of life all over the world. Antalya is the most prominent tourism center in Turkey with its historical places, beaches and crowded entertainment areas. Entertainment life in Antalya is more dynamic and versatile than an usual touristic city with beaches parties, hotel discos, wedding ceremonies and night clubs. Emphasis in this paper is placed on conducting computer simulation using the SoundPLAN 7.3 to assess the noise exposure levels sourced by above 600 entertainment facilities such as discos, bars and pubs etc. in the city center of Antalya. The levels of entertainment noise exposure in the city was calculated according to the European Noise Directive. Almost all of the entertainment places located at the sea side, therefore the most affected population from the entertainment noise live close to these regions....
Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is su... more Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is suburban site and has forests and agricultural areas. This study aims to understand the role of atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes over the Biga Peninsula. Ozone concentrations were measured at the monitoring stations for three years (2013-2015) to identify and characterize the ozone episodes in the study area. HYSPLITv4 model driven by the WRF ARW v3.8 and surface data is used to identify the emission source locations. The WRF ARW results were analyzed for the meteorological variables used in the study (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity, u and v wind components) with index of agreement, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and root mean squared error. It is found that local photochemical production and accumulation and transport of pollutants from the anthropogenic sources (residential, traffic and industrial) in Marmara regions are the most important factors on ozone levels. The five ozone episodes were also analyzed using HYSPLIT model to infer long range transport. Three-day backward air mass trajectories analysis is performed to assess the contribution of long-range transport of pollutants, resulting in the following main routes: Istanbul and Black Sea. The results show that rural areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations.
Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, h... more Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, has been turned out to be one of the major problems that impact the quality of life all over the world. Antalya is the most prominent tourism center in Turkey with its historical places, beaches and crowded entertainment areas. Entertainment life in Antalya is more dynamic and versatile than an usual touristic city with beaches parties, hotel discos, wedding ceremonies and night clubs. Emphasis in this paper is placed on conducting computer simulation using the SoundPLAN 7.3 to assess the noise exposure levels sourced by above 600 entertainment facilities such as discos, bars and pubs etc. in the city center of Antalya. The levels of entertainment noise exposure in the city was calculated according to the European Noise Directive. Almost all of the entertainment places located at the sea side, therefore the most affected population from the entertainment noise live close to these regions....
Evaluation of the impacts of aircraft movements over residential areas has been a focal point of ... more Evaluation of the impacts of aircraft movements over residential areas has been a focal point of public concerns. This study assesses the periodical changes on aircraft noise based on seasonal flight densities of the Antalya Airport. Noise contours around airports can be used as evaluation and decision-making tools by relevant authorities to avoid or minimize reactions of the community against the noise produced by aircrafts. Aircraft noise contour assessment is a complex procedure due to the diversity of flight route schemes, flight densities and procedures applied around an airport. For Antalya Airport, number of flights is higher in summer months when compared with other times of the year, because of tourism activities. The study was conducted in 2012 among the population living within a 25-km radius of Antalya Airport, one of the large airports in Turkey. The analyses were carried out with the aid of the SoundPlan software. The evaluation of noise mapping results has shown much ...
Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Günümüzde hızlı kentleşme ve beraberindeki nüfus artışları yerleşim alanlarında gürültü artışına ... more Günümüzde hızlı kentleşme ve beraberindeki nüfus artışları yerleşim alanlarında gürültü artışına neden olmaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmelerle, kent yaşamında, ulaşım kaynaklı ana çevresel gürültü kaynağının karayolu gürültüsü olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Karayolu gürültüsünü azaltmak ve olumsuz etkilerini önlemek amacıyla en etkin ve ekonomik yol kaynakta kontroldür. Ancak kaynakta denetimin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, kaynak ile alıcı arasında kullanılan akustik engeller öne çıkmaktadır. Tüm dünyada karayolu kaynaklı gürültü azaltımı için farklı tasarım bileşenlerine sahip gürültü bariyer sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. Karayollarında gürültü kontrolünü sağlamak üzere bariyer sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi öncesinde uygun kesitlerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Stratejik gürültü haritalama çalışması yapılmasıyla, kabul edilebilir gürültü seviyelerinin aşıldığı alanlar ve bu alanlardaki karayolu kesitleri tespit edilebilmektedir. Ancak, söz konusu kesitlere bariyer uygulanması için sınır a...
Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that poses a risk to human health, the environ... more Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that poses a risk to human health, the environment, and property. PM10 is particularly significant as the vector of numerous dangerous trace elements due to the possible influence on human health and the ecosystem. Because of these effects, identifying potential sources and quantifying their impact on ambient PM10 concentration is essential for creating efficient control strategies to reach the threshold values. Based on the chemical species information derived from PM samples, receptor modeling has been extensively used for source appointment. In this study, PM10 samples were collected for three different periods (April, May, and June 2021), each lasting 15 days, using semi-automatic dust sampler systems at two sites selected in Biga, Canakkale, Turkiye. The relative contributions of different source types were quantified using EPA PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) based on the 36 elements as components of PM10. As a result of th...
Abstract Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey wh... more Abstract Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is suburban site and has forests and agricultural areas. This study aims to understand the role of atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes over the Biga Peninsula. Ozone concentrations were measured at the monitoring stations for three years (2013–2015) to identify and characterize the ozone episodes in the study area. HYSPLITv4 model driven by the WRF ARW v3.8 and surface data is used to identify the emission source locations. The WRF ARW results were analyzed for the meteorological variables used in the study (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity, u and v wind components) with index of agreement, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and root mean squared error. It is found that local photochemical production and accumulation and transport of pollutants from the anthropogenic sources (residential, traffic and industrial) in Marmara regions are the most important factors on ozone levels. The five ozone episodes were also analyzed using HYSPLIT model to infer long range transport. Three-day backward air mass trajectories analysis is performed to assess the contribution of long-range transport of pollutants, resulting in the following main routes: Istanbul and Black Sea. The results show that rural areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations.
Abstract Environmental impacts of motor vehicles in the form of air and noise pollution have attr... more Abstract Environmental impacts of motor vehicles in the form of air and noise pollution have attracted more interest in recent years due to their relation with some health problems such as asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Recently, it has been suggested that not only their individual effects but also their combined effects should be considered in public health studies. In this study, NOx and noise pollution levels were determined in Trabzon, a city in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. For this purpose, a traffic emission inventory was prepared to be used in an air pollution modeling software to determine the concentrations of NOx, one of the primary pollutants from road traffic emissions, within the study area. Also, vehicle counts and types were determined to be used in noise pollution software to evaluate the noise pollution levels in the study area. Model results were compared to measurement data by using different statistical tools. Separate and combined exposures of the population to traffic-related NOx and noise emissions were examined together with meteorological and topographic effects on them. The relationship between NOx and noise pollution indicated that, they are highly correlated in two districts (Valilik and Meydan) out of the four examined in Trabzon city center, suggesting traffic is the dominant source for both. Results indicated that percentages of the population exposed to traffic-related NOx and noise levels above the regulatory limits were 10% and 21%, respectively. It was determined that 6% of the population, 29 school and 19 hospital buildings were exposed to both noise and NOx levels above the regulatory limits in the city center of Trabzon. These percentages should be considered as conservative since additional NOx and noise sources other than traffic might increase the exposure levels of the population.
Abstract Airports are the one of major contributors to noise pollution in cities. As feasible tra... more Abstract Airports are the one of major contributors to noise pollution in cities. As feasible transportation to the airports is desired, cities have been enlarged very close to airports since their establishment. In this paper, noise levels around Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport and Ankara Esenboga Airport were evaluated according to the European Noise Directive (END) and by using annoyance and sleep-disturbance indices. These airports are two of the biggest ones in Turkey and both have similar flight statistics. Hot spot analysis results were used for land use planning, assessment of noise effects on public health and determination of noise reduction measures to be used for Noise Action Plans implemented by local authorities. The percentages of people annoyed (% A), highly annoyed (% HA) and highly sleep disturbed (% HSD) were estimated to determine the effects of both airports’ noise on people's health. Hot spot scores of two airports were calculated and compared with each other, which were determined by using the annoyance, sleep disturbances and Building Prioritization Score (BPS) indices. Experimental studies on humans acutely exposed to noise at very high level show increases in blood pressure and heart rate as a result of which induce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance can be induced. According to results of this study, the urbanization near the airport increases the noise reduction cost and public health problems.
Spatial and temporal variability of surface ozone in the rural, mountainous and suburban sites of... more Spatial and temporal variability of surface ozone in the rural, mountainous and suburban sites of Biga Peninsula, at the northwest of Turkey which is about 300km southwest of Istanbul was investigated using passive samplers and continuous analyzers. A total 10 passive samplers and two continuous analyzers were used between 1.1.2013 and 31.12.2014. OX levels in the study region were examined to understand NOx dependent or independent contribution to ozone. The influences of the meteorological parameters on ozone levels were also examined by wind speed and ambient temperature. The results clearly show that mountainous areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations. In order to understand the long range transport sources contributing to the high ozone levels in the region backward trajectories were computed using HYSPLIT model and then clustering of trajectories are performed. The results clearly show the characteristics of pollutant transport from north to Biga Peninsula. Additionally, AOT40 (Accumulated hourly O3 concentrations Over a Threshold of 40ppb) cumulative index was calculated using daytime hourly measurements. The results indicate that the ozone values in the study area are much higher than the critical levels for forest and vegetation based on EU Directive 2008/50/EC.
Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, h... more Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, has been turned out to be one of the major problems that impact the quality of life all over the world. Antalya is the most prominent tourism center in Turkey with its historical places, beaches and crowded entertainment areas. Entertainment life in Antalya is more dynamic and versatile than an usual touristic city with beaches parties, hotel discos, wedding ceremonies and night clubs. Emphasis in this paper is placed on conducting computer simulation using the SoundPLAN 7.3 to assess the noise exposure levels sourced by above 600 entertainment facilities such as discos, bars and pubs etc. in the city center of Antalya. The levels of entertainment noise exposure in the city was calculated according to the European Noise Directive. Almost all of the entertainment places located at the sea side, therefore the most affected population from the entertainment noise live close to these regions....
Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is su... more Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is suburban site and has forests and agricultural areas. This study aims to understand the role of atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes over the Biga Peninsula. Ozone concentrations were measured at the monitoring stations for three years (2013-2015) to identify and characterize the ozone episodes in the study area. HYSPLITv4 model driven by the WRF ARW v3.8 and surface data is used to identify the emission source locations. The WRF ARW results were analyzed for the meteorological variables used in the study (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity, u and v wind components) with index of agreement, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and root mean squared error. It is found that local photochemical production and accumulation and transport of pollutants from the anthropogenic sources (residential, traffic and industrial) in Marmara regions are the most important factors on ozone levels. The five ozone episodes were also analyzed using HYSPLIT model to infer long range transport. Three-day backward air mass trajectories analysis is performed to assess the contribution of long-range transport of pollutants, resulting in the following main routes: Istanbul and Black Sea. The results show that rural areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations.
Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, h... more Noise pollution with the increased entertainment facilities especially in the touristic cities, has been turned out to be one of the major problems that impact the quality of life all over the world. Antalya is the most prominent tourism center in Turkey with its historical places, beaches and crowded entertainment areas. Entertainment life in Antalya is more dynamic and versatile than an usual touristic city with beaches parties, hotel discos, wedding ceremonies and night clubs. Emphasis in this paper is placed on conducting computer simulation using the SoundPLAN 7.3 to assess the noise exposure levels sourced by above 600 entertainment facilities such as discos, bars and pubs etc. in the city center of Antalya. The levels of entertainment noise exposure in the city was calculated according to the European Noise Directive. Almost all of the entertainment places located at the sea side, therefore the most affected population from the entertainment noise live close to these regions....
Evaluation of the impacts of aircraft movements over residential areas has been a focal point of ... more Evaluation of the impacts of aircraft movements over residential areas has been a focal point of public concerns. This study assesses the periodical changes on aircraft noise based on seasonal flight densities of the Antalya Airport. Noise contours around airports can be used as evaluation and decision-making tools by relevant authorities to avoid or minimize reactions of the community against the noise produced by aircrafts. Aircraft noise contour assessment is a complex procedure due to the diversity of flight route schemes, flight densities and procedures applied around an airport. For Antalya Airport, number of flights is higher in summer months when compared with other times of the year, because of tourism activities. The study was conducted in 2012 among the population living within a 25-km radius of Antalya Airport, one of the large airports in Turkey. The analyses were carried out with the aid of the SoundPlan software. The evaluation of noise mapping results has shown much ...
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