Noise Pollution

Scientific and technological development necessitates often legal regulation, to be achieved through an interaction between science and law during the decision-making process. Taking as an example the case of underwater noise pollution, the examination of which is underway in many international organisations with a view towards its regulation, the article proposes to comment upon some aspects of this interaction. It is finally submitted that law provides sufficient legal principles and institutionalised frameworks for cooperation, which however have not been sufficiently put in use so far.

Sound plays a key role in the environment from identifying to analysing. The production of sound signifies various aspects to produce a specific effect up-to a special distance till which it travels. The friction of materials leads a release of sound waves impacting a targeted zone. However, the waves produce is determined by a unit dB (decibals). Hence, a frequency of sound if crosses the level of standard dB of prescribed sound, lead in production of Noise / Sound pollution. The current research experiment is attempted to determine the sound/noise pollution by using a Digital Sound level meter in the environmental zone at Sundernagar; located in Malad (west), Mumbai, India. The research experiment successfully concludes the sound pollution produced by the vehicle with maximum and minimum limits of dB which is statistically proven and found to be significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels by a test of One Way-ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA).

Robotic technologies are being employed increasingly in the treatment of lower limb disabilities. Individuals suffering from stroke and other neurological disorders often experience inadequate dorsiflexion during swing phase of the gait cycle due to dorsiflexor muscle weakness. This type of pathological gait, mostly known as drop-foot gait, has two major complications, foot-slap during loading response and toe-drag during swing. Ankle foot orthotic (AFO) devices are mostly prescribed to resolve these complications. Existing AFOs are designed with or without articulated joint with various motion control elements like springs, dampers, four-bar mechanism, series elastic actuator, and so forth. This paper examines various AFO designs for drop-foot, discusses the mechanism, and identifies limitations and remaining design challenges. Along with two commercially available AFOs some designs possess promising prospective to be used as daily-wear device. However, the design and mechanism of ...

Despite the public health concern, there is a dearth of research regarding perceived noise pollution and noise-related health status in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to evaluate the noise-related health status among Bangladesh’s adult population. 1386 adult Bangladeshis participated in an online survey. A linear regression model was used to evaluate overall noise-related health status determinants. 91% of the survey population reported noisy environments in their neighborhood, with the majority reporting two types (34%) of noise pollution sources. Road vehicles (38%) and construction activities (24%) were identified as significant source of noise pollution. The Bangladeshis are primarily exposed to noise during school and office hours. Socio-demographic information, perceived noise pollution and individual views towards noise pollution were examined as determinants of noise-related health problems. Females were found to be more impacted than males, and young people also exp...

The main objective of this paper is to appraise the augmentation in noise level in the Dehradun city and its annulling effects on human health and on other species. The study manifests that the noise level has reached a formidable level. According to the survey of the city, the major noise pollution is caused by the automobiles and loudspeakers. The outcome of the study is that noise level evokes many problems to both human and other species like high blood pressure, fatigue, headache and dizziness in humans and reduces nesting species richness in birds. Interference with communication, reduced efficiency and sleeplessness are the major effects of noise pollution. A survey of Dehradun city indicated the fact that about 90% of the people were affected by the noise pollution in the city. Some tormented parties made out a request to stop or reduce the noise. The best method to reduce the noise level could be public education which can be possible with the help of some NGOs and government itself as well as by looking forward to some different kind of planning for the city as it is already on the verge of saturation.

To determine whether chronic exposure to airport noise affects children, a study was conducted of the physical growth of children, aged 5–13 years, from two communities, one exposed to airport noise (n = 148) and another, not exposed (n = 102). Ten standard anthropometric measurements were made according to U.S. Health Examination Survey guidelines, and information on the social and biological characteristics of each family was collected in interviews. Hotelling's T2-tests were performed comparing the noise-exposed and nonnoise-exposed samples. There was no significant difference between the sample for measurements of social and biological characteristics of the families (including socioeconomic status and maternal reproductive history). Parental anthropometrics differed significantly (T2 = 24.32, P = 0.0001) as did child anthropometrics (T2 = 21.01, P = 0.032). For the child anthropometrics, noise-exposed children's slightly smaller measures of body bulk, together with their larger facial breadths, contributed to the significant T2. When the entire sample (n = 250) was analyzed by multiple linear regression, noise exposure was a significant predictor only of male triceps and subscapular skinfolds. For these two variables, and most other anthropometrics, however, the beta coefficients were negative for both sexes. In order to include information on covariance structure among all variables, a canonical correlation analysis was performed. Noise exposure loaded negatively on the third canonical variate and was paired with positively loaded measures of body bulk. Taken together, the three analyses suggest that while there is some evidence for a slight effect of airport noise on measures of body bulk for males in this sample, most measures of postnatal growth for both males and females were unaffected by the noise levels experienced.

Increase in workplace stress, loss of sleep and anger may not be unconnected to the level of noise exposure an individual is subjected. Three major markets in Benin City namely Oba market, New Benin Market and Oregbeni market, being workplaces, were examined to determine their noise levels with a view to ensuring that shoppers and vendors carrying out their business in a healthy environment. The noise levels in these markets were measured between 8-11am, 12-3pm and 4-7pm daily spanning 7days at each market. Questionnaires were distributed to market stakeholders to get a glimpse of the sources of noise in the markets and the adverse health effects arising from prolonged exposure to the prevailing noise. Results showed that the average noise in the markets is between 77.00 to 89.20dB in the morning; 74.30 to 90.20dB in the afternoon and 83.30 to 90.90dB in the evening. Oba market has the highest mean noise (86.76dB), occurring predominantly in the evenings, followed by New Benin market which has the highest mean noise in the morning (84.73dB) and in the afternoon (85.55dB). Oregbeni market is the least noisy market in the pack even though it sometimes experiences sudden short and loud sound. Traffic activities, grinding machine and generator operations constitute the major sources of noise even as respondent acknowledged that they experience many of the adverse health effects associated with noise in the markets under review. Proper market administration, siting and layout structuring will be helpful towards reducing noise in the markets.

Noise is an inevitable part of daily life and has been identified as a cause of several health deficiencies across the world. It has increasingly become a significant concern on the health and well-being of people. Studies are required to advance knowledge on the sources and impacts of noise in residential neighbourhoods of Lagos State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study assesses the spatial variation of noise levels within a section of the Festac residential area in Lagos in line with noise limits specified by the World Bank Group International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines and the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Noise Standards and Control guidelines for community noise. Data for this research come from a field study comprising measurements of noise levels from 6 observation stations and questionnaire survey with 200 respondents. The criteria for siting the stations was based on factor...

Noise pollution in Malta and more specifically in the Birkirkara-Mrieħel region is not studied. This is mainly due to lack of regulations as well as due to the lack of management plans set in place to monitor and reduce high levels of noise. The area of study was chosen because it incorporated three different land-use types, which were domestic, agricultural and industrial zones. Noise was monitored and compared between the three different zones, as well as between different hours within the day time frame (7a.m.-7p.m.).
Measurements were taken during the peak periods in weekdays. Inititially, the potential use of smartphones for future crowd-sourced assessment for noise pollution and/or their use for the identification of unhealthy noise levels was investigated. This was done by comparing the data collected by various phone makes with that recorded by professional sound level meters. The results derived from this study showed that noise was louder in industrial zones than in domestic zones and that agricultural zones were as loud as domestic ones. It also showed that there were variations between noise in the morning and noise in the afternoon in the industrial area, but there were no significant differences between morning and afternoon measurements for the domestic and the agricultural zone. Results also showed that there is the possibility of using smartphones to measure noise however measurements are not accurate enough to fall within the range required for professional noise-measuring equipment, and results are influenced by the phone brand and by the phone application used to collect data.

Noise is an inevitable part of daily life and has been identified as a cause of several health deficiencies across the world. It has increasingly become a significant concern on the health and well-being of people. Studies are required to advance knowledge on the sources and impacts of noise in residential neighbourhoods of Lagos State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study assesses the spatial variation of noise levels within a section of the Festac residential area in Lagos in line with noise limits specified by the World Bank Group International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines and the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Noise Standards and Control guidelines for community noise. Data for this research come from a field study comprising measurements of noise levels from 6 observation stations and questionnaire survey with 200 respondents. The criteria for siting the stations was based on factor...

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Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an effective solution for noise pollution.
Urban Planning, Public Education and Awareness.
Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles/ machinery can effectively reduce the noise pollution.
Alteration of roadway surface texture.
Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the walls, windows, and ceilings.
Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block unwanted noise from outside.
Factories and industries should be located far from the residential areas.
Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.
Control in the Transmission Path, Control at Source, Control over Vibrations.
Exposure Reduction
Enclosure of machines can reduce noise levels at its source very effectively.
Leakage where pipes pass through walls as well as acoustic leaks between walls, screens or enclosures, can produce large variations in the attenuation achieved. It is therefore important to seal air gaps carefully
Putting major noise sources at one place & separating it from quieter area.
Using acoustic barriers, sound absorbing linings & sound insulating partitions.
Complete or partial enclosure of noisy equipment.
Providing silencers on the intake as well as exhaust side of flow machines like blowers, fans etc.
Insertion of damping material between machine bases and foundations and use of anti vibration mountings.
Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.
International Co-operation
www.realcopowerprojects.com

The purpose of this paper Project is to create a workplace toxicant intervention for Metropolitan Hospital of Denver, a large top-rated surgical facility located in Denver, Colorado. The project lays out the steps necessary to make contact with and gain entry into the organization, assess their needs, create a series of educational and intervention workshops to meet those needs, and display mastery of interventions that will benefit the hospital’s employees in reducing exposure to hazardous noise and responding to the associated health condition. The sample letter/ e-mail introduction, the needs assessment (the ‘Noise and Risk of Hearing Loss Assessment’), the educational and intervention PowerPoint presentations (‘Your Hearing and the Effects of Hazardous Noise’ and ‘Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss’), and the Hearing Conservation Program are included as Appendices following the references page.

Listening to music on an iPod, mobile telephone or other MP3 playing device is now widespread. Commonly taking place in public spaces, it envelops the listener in their own audio world (Bull 2000). However, due to the leakage of sound, the music is often experienced by those around, as ‘passive-listeners’. They are unlikely to have either chosen the music, or to have wanted to hear it that way. Just as music can produce positive effects, the uninvited audio intrusion brings negative effects. At the least, the intrusion can only add to the music which is experienced without focussed listening (Slobada and O’Neill). However, in not choosing to listen to the music, the passive listener may actually find it ‘morally and aesthetically offensive’ (Johnson and Cloonan 2008).

This paper looks at the issue of ‘passive listening’  for listeners who are forced to hear other peoples’ choice of music. Issues such as choice and quality are examined. It will show how this degredation of the environment can ultimately lead to negative health effects for the passive listener.

Bull, Michael (2000). ‘Sounding Out the City: Personal stereos and the Management of everyday life’
Slobada John A and O’Neill Susan A. (2001). ‘Music and Emotion: Theory and Research

Sound pollution and traffic jam are two major problems in most of the city roads of developing cities like as Dhaka, Bangladesh. Traffic jam, as well as mixed traffic condition, is the major cause of sound pollution in the city roads. Both of these issues affect mostly on country's public health and development. A lot of new roads have been constructed in Dhaka city every year but the majority of the roads have not been constructed considering the future AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) value. The traffic volume has increased a lot as the population of the country increased rapidly and shifting the status of the country from developing county to the developed country increased the demand for privet car and as a result traffic jam is a regular problem in the Dhaka city. Due to increasing traffic volume, the waiting time in the traffic jam has been increased consequently. Drivers bell the horn of their vehicle to attract the concentration of the traffic police so that the traff...

El soroll ambiental s'ha convertit en una de les majors fonts de malestar en tots els països desenvolupats (García, 1988) (Calvo-Manzano et al., 1991)*. En una població com Banyeres de Mariola es produeix un cúmul de factors que promocionen una elevada pol·lució acústica. És per açò que trobem necessari que el poble s'enfronte a aquesta situació i que dispose de les eines suficients per a resoldre-la. Però per a poder actuar, primer que res hem de conéixer la situació sonora en la que vivim els banyerins. Aquest treball està encaminat a cobrir aquesta necessitat. L'elaboració d'un mapa sonor de la ciutat, la realització de mesures al llarg de les 24 hores del dia i en diferents indrets, l'estudi de l'opinió de la població, etc. són els primers objectius que ens hem proposat. Donant un pas més, hem intentat donar diverses alternatives per a solucionar, almenys en part, la precària situació acústica de Banyeres.
Cal dir també que aquest estudi intenta omplir un buit en el panorama d'investigació acústica del País Valencià (i de l'Estat Espanyol) pel que fa a la realització de mapes sonors concrets i estudis acústics amb detall per a poblacions de menys de 10,000 habitants. Generalment la realització de mapes sonors se centra a les ciutats amb una població superior als 20.000 habitants, ja que aquestes són les més afectades pel problema. No obstant això la contaminació sonora no és un patrimoni exclusiu de les mitjanes i grans ciutats, sinó que les nostres ciutats més petites (com per exemple Banyeres) també presenten uns nivells de pol·lució acústica relativament elevats.

The requirements set by the most important Air Traffic Management (ATM) research initiatives (SESAR and NextGen) and environmentally sustainable aviation research initiatives (Clean Sky, and Environmentally Responsible Aviation), aim at lowering operating costs and improving the environmental sustainability of aviation. In line with these requirements, the methodology of using noise modelling and simulation techniques in conjunction with Demographic Distribution Database (D3) and Digital Terrain Elevation Database (DTED), allows the development of novel approaches and algorithms for aircraft trajectory optimisation in the present and likely future airspace scenarios and, in particular, in proximity of airports and densely populated areas. Aircraft noise modelling in major Australian airports is essential in order to understand the noise impacts associated with air traffic, determining the Australian Noise Exposure Forecasts (ANEFs) and to assist in effective airport planning strategies. Based on the statuary requirements prescribed, the aircraft trajectories are optimised to minimize the effects of noise around the airports considering both population and digital terrain data. The key mathematical models for noise and trajectory optimisation are presented. The objective of the noise modelling process is to describe the noise parameters currently adopted for airport design and operations, and to predict values for all relevant future scenarios. Noise analysis and impact mitigation measures are discussed. Quantification of noise at the major Australian airports, including Sydney and Melbourne airports is presented.

This paper addresses one of the recognized barriers to the unrestricted adoption of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) in mainstream urban use—noise—and reviews existing approaches for estimating and mitigating this problem. The aircraft noise problem is discussed upfront in general terms by introducing the sound emission, propagation, and psychoacoustic effects. The propagation of sound in the atmosphere, which is the focus of this paper, is then analysed in detail to isolate the environmental and operational factors that predominantly influence the perceived noise on the ground, especially looking at large-scale low-altitude UA operations, such as in the envisioned Urban Air Mobility (UAM) concepts. The physics of sound propagation are presented, considering all attenuation effects and the anomalies due to Doppler and atmospheric effects, such as wind, thermal inversion, and turbulence. The analysis allows to highlight the limitations of current mainstream aircraft noise modelling and certifi...

The increase in number of urban highways constructed around residential and community areas around the city, has inevitably caused major noise pollution problems to city dwellers. The objective of the study was to assess the level of noise exposure and its impact to residents residing around the vicinity of urban highways. Noise level recording was carried out at selected areas to determine the noise pollution levels and the adequacy of mitigating measures that has been implemented. Traffic volume along the highway was ...

Increasing energy demand and environment concerns have prompted an evolution of alternative fuel sources. As an alternative fuel source, biodiesel is attractive because it reduces engine emissions. However, biodiesel produces higher NOx emissions compared to ordinary diesel fuel. Previous researches have established many factors that cause biodiesel to produce elevated NOx emissions. This study reviews the impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches in diesel engines. The first part of this study recaps the NOx formation mechanisms for understanding the kinetics behind the NOxforming reactions. The second part describes the factors affecting on NOx emissions. This paper established that higher NOx emissions are produced for biodiesel combustion which influenced by several factors such as physicochemical properties and molecular structure of biodiesel, adiabatic flame temperature, ignition delay time, injection timing and engine load conditions etc. The final section discusses on the reduction of NOx emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines for both pre and post combustion techniques. The results of reduction approaches of the NOx emissions implies, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and retarded injection timing are effective as well as low cost techniques than others. Between these two techniques, EGR reduces the NOx emissions at 5–25% EGR rate adequately in biofuelled engine by controlling oxygen content and combustion peak temperature with slightly decreasing HC and CO emissions. However this technique shows few penalties on smoke and PM emissions as well as brake specific fuel consumption if not perfectly optimized.

A study was carried out to assess the effect of speed bumps on road traffic noise levels. Noise levels of different categories of vehicles were measured before and after speed bumps. Vehicles were categorized as passenger cars, passenger vans, three wheelers, motorcycles, and lorries.Depending on the vehicle category, the maximum noise level varied between 71 and 80 dB (A)under uninterrupted traffic conditions. The maximum noise level increased by over 5 dB (A) due to speed bumps for lorries and three wheelers. The results indicated that there is a considerable effect on the noise levels at a short distance from the speed bump perhaps due to the action taken by drivers to increase the speed of the vehicles. The equivalent noise level at 20 m from the speed bump was found to be on average 1.2 dB (A) higher than at the speed bump. The LAeq values at 80 m after the speed bumps were found to be similar to the average noise level at the speed bump. Since speed bumps are often placed near schools and other public places, the noise impact should be taken into consideration when planning speed bumps.

RESUMEN: Un año más dos tendencias contrapuestas se ponen de relieve en estas páginas: el incremento progresivo de las exigencias europeas en materia de contaminación acústica y la dificultad de implementarlas a nivel local. Dan prueba de ello, por un lado, la guía sobre contaminación acústica editada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud que pone el acento en la necesidad de reducir significativamente los valores máximos de ruido recomendados para infraestructuras de movilidad. En el otro extremo, la Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente, que pone de manifiesto la dificultad de asumir el objetivo de disminuir significativamente la contaminación acústica para 2020. Elemento que también confirma la jurisprudencia de las diferentes instancias, desde el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos hasta los tribunales superiores de justicia, que dan fe de la gran dificultad para aplicar estas políticas a nivel local

RESUMEN: A pesar de no haberse producido en 2017 grandes avances normativos ni jurisprudenciales en materia de ruido se constata a nivel europeo la necesidad de priorizar la lucha contra la segunda fuente de contaminación en número de enfermos y muertes en Europa. Estas páginas se centran este año en analizar críticamente el segundo Informe del Consejo sobre la aplicación de la Directiva en materia de ruido ambiental y las conclusiones de la conferencia Noise in Europe. Repasando también la agenda normativa estatal para los próximos meses y los recientes pronunciamientos judiciales sobre ruido. Entre los que destacan la STS 575/2017, de 13 de abril, un nuevo capítulo del largo conflicto por el sobrevuelo de aviones en una urbanización próxima al aeropuerto de Barajas

Conforme a lo establecido en la legislación vigente, un mapa estratégico de ruido debe incluir un documento de texto con información sobre la metodología empleada y resultados obtenidos. En el caso de aglomeraciones urbanas, los ayuntamientos deben enviar al MAGRAMA un documento con la información recogida en el Anexo VI del RD1513/2005. El objeto de esta MEMORIA RESUMEN es dar respuesta a este requerimiento legal, en el contexto de la revisión del anterior MER de Granada de 2008. El alcance de este proyecto es el término municipal de Granada teniendo en cuenta su zonificación acústica, según se recoge en LORCA, plan de acción contra el ruido en la ciudad de Granada.

Aircraft emissions and the environmental impact have been studied by many. It is important to consider not only the current pollution status but the pollution growth into the foreseeable future. The common census is that it is a phenomenon which will grow in the future and that new technologies should be studied to minimise the effects. The engines in the aircraft have a major part to play since it is the largest contributor to emissions in an aircraft. All major engine manufacturers have recognised the importance of the issue and have implemented many programmes to research and implement methods of reducing emissions and increase the fuel efficiency.
The A-9 ‘box wing’ aircraft (fig 1), a project of Aerospace Vehicle Design MSc in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Cranfield University, has been designed to serve as a medium range airliner with a focus on the impact of aviation, on the environment (Jemitola & Smith, 2009). The design focuses on reducing emissions thereby trying to reduce the negative impact aviation has on the environment. The A9 aircraft’s primary driver is the aircraft performance and the environmental friendliness hence, open rotor engines were studied as an alternative to the baseline turbofan.
This paper outlines the many results and observations found during the study of the open rotor. The results are mainly of a performance nature but also include results obtained from initial sizing calculations. Certain parameters were assumed due to the availability of data and the engines were designed to provide the required thrust.
The objective of the paper is to study the potential of the open rotor concept in aiding to build better environmentally friendly aircraft in the future.

This research presents a thorough evaluation of the reverberation room at Acoustics Laboratory in National Institute of Standards (NIS) according to the related international standards. The evaluation aims at examining the room performance and exploring its effectiveness in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 10000 Hz according to the international standard requirements. The room, which was designed and built several years ago, is an irregular rectangular shape free from diffusers. Its volume is about 158.84 m 3 , which meets the requirement of the ISO 354 standard L max < 1.9V 1/3. Cutoff frequencies of one and one-third octave are 63 Hz and 100 Hz respectively ; however Schroder frequency is 400 Hz. Calculations of cutoff frequency and modal density showed adequate modes that give acceptable uniformity starting comfortably from frequency of 125 Hz. The room has a reverberation time that is suitable for its size over the frequency range of interest. The room sound absorption surface area and its sound absorption coefficient satisfy the criteria given in ISO 3741 and ISO 354. There is an accepted diffuse sound field inside the room due to the standard deviation of measured sound level, which is less than 1.5 dB over all the frequency range. The only exception was 125 Hz which may be due to a lack of diffusivity of the sound field at this frequency. The evaluation proves that the NIS reverberation room is in full agreement with the international standards, which in turns qualifies the room to host measurements inside without concerns. 1 Introduction Reverberation rooms are of great importance in the field of acoustics. Inside the reverberation room, we can test the performance of loudspeakers and microphones. In addition, we could measure the acoustic power of sound sources and sound absorption coefficient of materials. The Combinations of reverberation rooms are used to evaluate transmission properties of building materials as well as absorption characteristics of noise control products. The reverberation room is considered a special test room that is used to introduce a diffuse sound field. This field is considered to be perfectly diffused in a room of volume V, if the energy density is the same on all points of this room, and it can be built by a superposition of an infinite number of freely propagating plane waves, such that all directions of propagation are equally probable and the phase relations of the waves are random [1]. There have been several attempts in the past to study the characteristics of different reverberation rooms. Mehadi et al. [2] proposed the sizes and shapes of reverberation rooms which give the better diffuse field and consequently the accurate measurements.

Noise is consistently presents in digital images during image acquisition, coding, transmission, and processing steps. The main purpose of de-noising the image is to restore the detail of original image as much as possible. Depending on the types of disturbance, the noise can affect the image to different extent. Salt and Pepper noise arises in the image because of sharp and sudden changes of image signal. Dust particles in the image acquisition source or over heated faulty components can cause this type of noise. In the field of image processing, several type of linear and non-linear filtering techniques have been proposed for reducing the noise in images. Filters like Median, Gaussian and Wiener are used to do this comparative study of different images of same type in Gray scale. The quality of the enhanced images is measured by the statistical quantity measures: Peak Signal-to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) metrics. An application specific measure for natural flower images correlation is defined and known as Deviation Measure. A Deviation Measure (DM) is obtained by the comparison of filtered and original image which shows the deviation in the images.

Acoustic comfort is a requirement of major importance during the design of houses. This study focused on the acoustic comfort parameter called sound pressure level. The value of this parameter is variable during operation of a particular building , depending on the type of absorbent material and them surface. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the equipment of the technical space for a passive house. In this study was experimentally determined the value of noise for a Passive House in Romania using specialized equipment and software from Bruel & Kjaer. With these equipment and software were simulated different functional parameters of heat recovery and circulation pump, and different ways of placing the house on various types of roads leading sound pressure level simultaneously for five rooms , result compared with rules imposed values for each type of room.

Environmental and occupational noise exposure from noise generated by commercial and industrial businesses continues to be a problem worldwide. The problem of noise generated from the Bon Air West Wastewater Treatment Plant (BAW WWTP) has been examined in this study. Although noise surveys have been conducted worldwide, there are negligible studies that have focused on utilities (water or wastewater). Occupational and Environmental noise measurement studies have been carried out on the facility and compared to environmental and occupational standards. A noise contour map was developed and was used as a holistic approach to aid in noise reduction.

 
It has been found during the surveys that the noise levels detected from the BAW WWTP were in compliance with the Noise Pollution Control Rules (NPCR) 2001 as amended, however the levels were in excess of the 5dBA maximum above the background noise levels. It was also found that the operators on the facility were subjected to over 80dBA in certain areas of the compound. Although the levels to which they were exposed didn’t put them at risk for hearing loss, hearing protection devices should be used in these areas. These areas are seen on the noise contour map that was generated. Although the environmental noise detected was in compliance with the NPCR 2001 as amended it can be a nuisance to the neighbouring community causing general irritation.