Hojjat Zeraati

The use of combination vaccines in the routine childhood program reduces distress to the recipients and is likely to improve uptake rates and timeliness of vaccination but requires careful evaluation and surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and ...

Background Although breast cancer in men is uncommon, its incidence rate has an increasing trend. Due to its low incidence, there are few studies in this subject and limited information is available. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and survival of male breast cancer (MBC) in Fars Province, south of Iran.

Recent evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution contributes to progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Short-term exposure may also lead to thrombosis and acute ischemic events. To evaluate the correlation between the levels of major air pollutants (CO and PM10) and hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Tehran, we performed a case-crossover design and checked whether individual characteristics act as effect modifiers.

Background: Northern regions of Iran have been encountered to dominate malignancies of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We came to examine the total excess mortality due to the GI cancer in Mazandaran province. Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data of 484 patients with GI cancer collected during the years 1990-1991were available from Babol Cancer Registry. Patients were followed up for 15 years by the year 2006.

Background: Due to its high prevalence, the survey on gastric cancer survival in Iran seems too important. In the case of relative long-term survival of the cases, using standard models is not conventional. So cure models are used to estimate the proportion of the cured patients that will never experience the event of interest and also to evaluate the survival function of susceptible individuals who may experience the event and effective factors.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between psychological stresses and noise stresses on printery workers in Tehran, Iran. Hence, 267 workers were randomly selected. The L eq and L max were measured and the psychological stresses such as depression, anxiety, aggression and job satisfaction were also studied by the relevant questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation test.

Abstract: Recently, inexpensive technologies for drinking water supply in small communities are highly considered in developing countries. One of these technologies is the application of ceramic filters that are usually made of diatomaceous earth or clay soil. This research was carried out to determine the efficiency of clay pots (as a filter) in removing water impurities.

Background: Infertility is a major painful emotional distress that is manifested in the form of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and reduction of normal sexual function in affected couples. The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and life satisfaction between fertile and infertile women admitted to Vali-e-Asr Infertility Clinic in Tehran in 2009. Methods: This descriptive study included 60 participants, being composed of 30 infertile and 30 fertile women.

Introduction: Nowadays, HIV is mostly spreading in Asian countries. One of the important routes for HIV transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. Mother's education, drug prophylaxis and Cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. Therefore, mothers' knowledge about Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) has a great role in HIV/AIDS prevention.

Abstract-Survival analysis is a set of methods used for analysis of the data which exist until the occurrence of an event. This study aimed to compare the results of the use of the semi-parametric Cox model with parametric models to determine the factors influencing the length of stay of patients in the inpatient units of Women Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Abstract Background: Despite numerous developments in the field of assisted reproduction, the implantation rate remains low. Among the various reasons of implantation failure, endometrial regularity has an important role. Hysteroscopy is an accurate method for evaluating the endometrial characteristics, with the ability to treat uterine pathology.

Abstract: Background and Aim Yersinia is an important water-and food-borne bacterium causing gastroenteritis in humans. Material and Methods: From December 2002 to July 2003, a total of 250 samples-including 158 meat samples and 92 chicken samples-were taken from butcheries and poultry shops operating under the supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods This is a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study that conducted in 2008 on a random sample of workers of damming construction in Takab city (110 men) who were assessed by Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and digital indicator for heart measurement. To estimate

در سالهاي اخير الگوي مرگ و مير در ايران تغيير يافته و سرطانها نقش عمده تري را به خود اختصاص داده اند. گزارشهاي مختلف نشان داده است که سرطان معده در ايران وفور بالايي دارد و در مردان در مرتبه دوم و در کل در رتبه چهارم قراردارد. اين مطالعه با هدف تعيين بقاي 5 ساله مبتلايان به سرطان معده جراحي شده در مهمترين مرکز درمان سرطان ايران (انستيتوکانسر) و بررسي برخي عوامل موثر بر آن طراحي و اجرا شده است.

Background: Immune system disturbances have an important role in endometriosis which may lead to infertility. It seems that inflammatory cytokines specially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) which were produced by activated macrophages have an important role in pathology of endometriosis. Based on this theory, anti TNF-a drugs like pentoxifylline (PX) are suggested as new drugs for Endometriosis.

Abstract The authors assessed the role of economic inequality in visual impairment and decomposed the gap between high and low income groups. Study data were extracted from the first phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, performed in 2009, with 5,190 participants aged between 40 and 64 years. The participants were divided into low, medium, and high economic groups according to their assets by using a principal component analysis.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology for RPL, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms to the disorder has been remained controversial.

Abstract: The gastric cancer in Iran is the fourth in the general population. This study was designed to determine the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients, and to assess its associated factors. We analyzed the data using a time-dependent covariates model, and recommend it for analyses of similar data. 281 gastric cancer patients with adenocarcinomatous pathology who had been operated on at the Iran Cancer Institute between 1995 and 1999 were enrolled in this study.

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the familial aggregation of the total, against-the-rule (ATR), with-the-rule (WTR), and oblique astigmatism by conditional and marginal models in the Tehran Eye Study. Materials and Methods: Total, ATR, WTR, and oblique astigmatism were studied in 3806 participants older than 5 years from August 2002 to December 2002 in the Tehran Eye Study. Astigmatism was defined as a cylinder worse than or equal to− 0.5 D.

Background Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease in many developed and developing countries mostly caused by Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). This study determines the prevalence of HSV-2 infection between two groups of women with high and low risk behaviors. Methods In this seroepidemiologic study, 362 women attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics as low risk group and 156 prisoners and drop in center resident women in Tehran as high risk group were enrolled.

Background: To assess the effect of supplementation with vitamins A, E and C and ω-3 fatty acids on lipid peroxidation in strepto¬ zotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Sixty four male wistar rats weighting 250g were divided into four groups as normal control, diabetic control, dia¬ betic with vitamin A, E as well as C supplementation and diabetic with ω-3 fatty acids supplementation.

Background Length of Stay (LOS) is an appropriate hospital indicator to evaluate hospital resource utilization rate, efficiency, and quality of services delivered. In this survey, we aimed to study hospital LOS and determine its association with clinical and non-clinical factors in Women Hospital in Tehran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed all 3421 charts of patients admitted in Oncology, Surgery and Obstetrics units in 2008.

Background: Previous studies indicate a high incidence of digestive cancers along southern parts of Caspian Sea including Mazandaran Province. The present study was conducted to further investigate time to occurrence, age distribution and possible risks associated with the incidence time of digestive cancers in the above regions. Methods: For this purpose the data of digestive cancer incidence of 3723 cases during a five-year period of 2001 to 2005 collected from Babol Cancer Registry Center in Iran.

Abstract Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) can be increased after hormonal stimulations. The changes of CRP might affect the success of in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the serum CRP level and outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation, and pregnancy rate in patients undergoing IVF or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Background: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) has long been applied in Iran using whole cell vaccine. Despite the role of whole cell DTP (DTwP) vaccine in reduction of mortality as a result of disastrous diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, serious local and systemic complications have been attributed to these vaccines. This study was performed to determine the complications of DTwP vaccine in infants attending some of the health centers of Tehran in 2006-2007.

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, HIV is mostly spreading in Asian countries. One of the important routes for HIV transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. Mother's education, drug prophylaxis and Cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. Therefore, mothers' knowledge about Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) has a great role in HIV/AIDS prevention.

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is a common curable, bacterial sexually-transmitted disease. The epidemic of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) has been well documented in young women, but information is limited regarding its prevalence among a healthy population of young men. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of urogenital infection with CT in asymptomatic men.

Background: To asses the status of two representative genes of cag PAI ie cagA and cagE of Helicobacter pylori strains infecting Iranian patients suffered from various clinical outcomes using one-step PCR. Methods: A total of 120 H. pylori infected patients including non-ulcer dyspepsia, NUD (n= 81), peptic ulcer disease, PUD (n= 17), and gastric carcinoma, GC (n= 22) referred for endoscopy or gastric resection to AmirAlam Hospital or Cancer Institute from 2005 to 2008 were assessed.

Abstract: Many studies have shown that mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products is a challenge for individual's health especially in developing countries. Improper production and storage of foods, prepare conditions for aflatoxin production in crops, especially rice, wheat, pistachio, walnut, almond, etc which are the main sources of foods for people.

Background: The main goal of the present study was to develop a new sensitive and specific PCR based method for Identification of Cryptosporidium sp. using novel primers from 18S ribosomal RNA. Cryptosporidiosis in high-risk host groups particularly in neonates and immuno-compromised individuals may result in death. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study regarding develop a new PCR based method to diagnose the cryptosporidiosis in Iran.

Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical case-control trial was done in Avicenna Infertility Clinic on 30 nonsmoking women with spontaneous POF at least for 1 year who didn't have any previous history of bilateral oophorectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy with the serum FSH 3rd level more than 30U/L (case group) and compared with 30 nonsmoking normal ovulatory women (< 40 years. old) who were under infertility workup for male factor with serum FSH level lower than 8 U/L (control group).

Abstract-To identify the antidiabetic plants of Iran, a systematic review of the published literature on the efficacy of Iranian medicinal plant for glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted. We performed an electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Googlescholar, SID, Cochrane Library Database, from 1966 up to June 2010.

Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is one of the most common curable STDs. Little information is available on its incidence among prisoner men. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of urogenital infection with C. trachomatis among imprisoned men as a high risk group. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 130 imprisoned men aged 16-49 years in one of Tehran prisons were randomly selected.

Abstract Background & Objectives: Esophageal cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the Caspian littoral north-eastern part of Iran. The aim of this study was to calculate cure function as well as to identify the factors that are related to this function among patients with esophageal cancer in this geographical area. Methods: Three hundred fifty nine cases of esophageal cancer registered in the Babol cancer registry during the period of 1990 to 1991 (inclusive) were followed up for 15 years up to 2006.

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer is one of the common causes of the mortality due to cancer in most developing countries such as Iran. The digestive tract is the major organ involved in the cancer. The northern part of the country, surrounded the Caspian Sea coast, is well known and the region with highest regional incidence of the GI tract cancer. In this paper our aim is to study the most common risk factors affecting the survival of the patients suffering from GI tract cancer using parametric models with frailty.

Background Based on WHO reports, smoking is an epidemic in developing countries. One of important issues about this behavior is its distribution pattern in family members. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate if cigarette smoking had a tendency to cluster or aggregate in the families and what the determinants were. Methods Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling approach, a household survey was conducted in Kish Island in 2009.

زمينه و هدف: كلاميديا تراكوماتيس يكي از عوامل ايجاد کننده عفونت هاي منتقله از راه تماس جنسي است كه مي تواند بي علامت و يا همراه با علايم باشد. PCR روي نمونه ادرار يك تست تشخيصي بسيار حساس و غير تهاجمي براي غربالگري وجود عفونت كلاميديايي مي باشد. هدف اين مطالعه تعيين شيوع عفونت ادراري تناسلي كلاميديا تراكوماتيس در زنان متاهل و بررسي اهميت غربالگري زنان از نظر آلودگي بدون علامت به اين عفونت مي باشد.

Methods We constructed a website where 14 intensive care units across the country reported in a prospective way the epidemiological features of children with sepsis using an electronic process [1]. We asked for sociodemographics, microbiological data, sepsis classification, complications, and outcome. Results We collected 253 patients from March to May 2009. Fifty-five percent of the cases were male and 45% were female; 53% were less than 1 year old.

Abstract Background: The purpose of this investigation was to compare empirically predictive ability of an artificial neural network with a logistic regression in prediction of low back pain. Methods: Data from the second national health survey were considered in this investigation. This data includes the information of low back pain and its associated risk factors among Iranian people aged 15 years and older.

A descriptive study on 12 year old blind children, in residential Institutes for blinds in Tehran was carried out to determine Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT) and Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces Index (DMFS), considering socio-economic and oral health variables. All sixty three 12 year old blind children in three institutes were studied. A general questionnaire, as well as a dental questionnaire including some information on the first molars, were completed by this population.

Despite numerous developments in the field of assisted reproduction, the implantation rate remains low. Intrauterine and endometrial integrity abnormalities such as thin endometrium, altered expression of adhesive molecules and immunological factors may decrease endometrial receptivity, whereas chromosomal and genetic abnormalities of the male sperm or female ovarian defects, embryonic aneuploidia or zona hardening are embryonal reasons for the failure of implantation.

Abstract Introduction: Appraiser is the main interface between the performance appraisal system and those being appraised. Their views and behaviors have different effects on the performance of the evaluation system, as well as the reactions subjects of the appraisal make toward the system and their subsequent performance. Hence, appraisers need to be trained enough regarding the appraisal.

ABSTRACT While long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with an increase in heart diseases and mortality, little information is available about the short-term effects of air pollution. This case–crossover study assessed the relationship of particulate matter (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels with hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

زمينه و هدف: در بسياري از مطالعات، بقاي بيماران مبتلا به سرطان معده يعني زمان تا وقوع مرگ اين بيماران، مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. اين در حالي است که با وجود درمانپذيري سرطان معده در مراحل ابتدايي توسط عمل جراحي، احتمال عود بيماري پس از اين روش درمان وجود دارد. بنابراين به منظور دستيابي به براورد دقيقتر بقاي بيماران لازم است هر دو رخداد عود بيماري و مرگ مورد بررسي قرار گيرند. هدف اين مطالعه استفاده از روش رقابت جويي خطرات به منظور براورد توابع تجمعي بروز عود بيماري و مرگ و در نتيجه براورد بقاي بيماران پس از عمل جراحي مي باشد.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental disorder and back pain among postmenopausal Iranian women. Three thousand six hundred and fifty five postmenopausal women were interviewed in the second National Health Survey (2nd NHS) in the year 2000, in Iran. Of whom, 2953 women were included in this study. Back pain (BKP) was considered as dependent variable and mental disorder as independent variable.