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János  Balázs

    János Balázs

    Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can activate pro-inflammatory cascades in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to determine TLR4 expression in myenteric neurons of different gut regions using a type 1 diabetic model. Ten weeks after the... more
    Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can activate pro-inflammatory cascades in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to determine TLR4 expression in myenteric neurons of different gut regions using a type 1 diabetic model. Ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia, myenteric whole-mount preparations from the duodenum, ileum and colon of streptozotocin-induced diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic and control rats were prepared for TLR4/peripherin double-labelling fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Immunogold electron microscopy was applied to evaluate TLR4 expression in the myenteric perikaryon and neuropil. Tissue TLR4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In controls, the number and proportion of the TLR4-immunoreactive myenteric neurons showed an increasing tendency to aboral direction. These values were significantly higher in diabetics compared to controls in the duodenum and ileum, but were significantly lower in the colon. In diabetics, the distribution of TLR4-lab...
    A szerző a kutatásban részt vevők nevében röviden összefoglalja Orosháza-Bónum, Faluhely régészeti lelőhely kutatásának eddigi eredményeit. A kutatásban 3 ország 9 intézményének 17 kutatója vett részt, az eddigi embertani eredményeink... more
    A szerző a kutatásban részt vevők nevében röviden összefoglalja Orosháza-Bónum, Faluhely régészeti lelőhely kutatásának eddigi eredményeit. A kutatásban 3 ország 9 intézményének 17 kutatója vett részt, az eddigi embertani eredményeink metrikus, paleopatológiai, paleomikrobiológiai és kémiai antropológiai vizsgálatokból származnak, de természetesen a régészeti eredmények is nagyon fontosak Magyarország első olyan régészeti lelőhelyén, ahol az Árpád-kori muszlim kereskedőtelep és a hozzá tartozó temető is feltárásra került.
    The paleopathological analysis of a well-preserved young adult female skeleton from the AD 7-8th century (Avar Age) in Hungary revealed multiple lytic lesions in all of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies. The lesions were... more
    The paleopathological analysis of a well-preserved young adult female skeleton from the AD 7-8th century (Avar Age) in Hungary revealed multiple lytic lesions in all of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies. The lesions were characterized by smooth marginal zones and space-occupying mass appearance. The considerable loss of spongy bone in the thoracolumbar vertebrae resulted in angular deformity and fusion, characteristic of the healing stage of TB. Osteolytic lesions were also observed on the vertebral processes, ribs and sternum. On the endocranial surface, abnormal blood vessel impressions were revealed, indicating some kind of meningitis. The X-ray and CT analysis of the affected bones detected abnormal structures and cystic zones of destruction. The lesions were however not always bordered by areas of increased density, which is typical in cystic TB. Vertebral remains were also subjected to biomolecular analysis in two different laboratories, which attested the presence of M...
    Our aim was to map the gut region-specific differences of the mucosa-associated microbiome distribution in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Tissue samples from the duodenum, ileum and colon were collected 10 weeks after the... more
    Our aim was to map the gut region-specific differences of the mucosa-associated microbiome distribution in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Tissue samples from the duodenum, ileum and colon were collected 10 weeks after the onset of hyperglycaemia to analyse the mucosa-associated microbiota using next-generation DNA sequencing. Striking differences were observed in the mucosa-associated microbiota of the duodenum between diabetic and control rats. A significant invasion of the aerobic genus Mycoplasma was apparent in diabetes, and the abundance of the anaerobic phylum Firmicutes decreased massively. It is noteworthy that insulin treatment eliminated the Mycoplasma invasion in the duodenum and apparently restored the anaerobic environment in the mucosa. In the ileum the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased in the diabetic samples. Although the proportion of the phylum Proteobacteria decreased moderately, its composition changed significantly, and insulin treatment i...
    Nagyszenas kozeleben a Vaskapunak nevezett kelet-nyugati dombvonulat egyik kiemelkedesen fekvő lelőhelyen az első leleteket 1948 vagy 1949 augusztusaban talaltak. A rendelkezesre allo adatok alapjan 2004. szeptember 17 – oktober 8. kozott... more
    Nagyszenas kozeleben a Vaskapunak nevezett kelet-nyugati dombvonulat egyik kiemelkedesen fekvő lelőhelyen az első leleteket 1948 vagy 1949 augusztusaban talaltak. A rendelkezesre allo adatok alapjan 2004. szeptember 17 – oktober 8. kozott az oroshazi Szanto Kovacs Janos Muzeum asatast vegzett es harom sirt tart fel. A feltaras soran harom emberi csontvaz kerult a felszinre, ket felnőtt ferfi es egy gyermek. Az első sirbol egy 45-55 eves ferfi koponyaja es vazcsontjai kerultek elő. A koponyan tobbszoros vagas nyoma figyelhető meg, ezeket valoszinűleg balta okozta.
    Two human thoracolumbar spine remains showing angular kyphosis have been investigated. Both skeletons come from medieval Hungary; one of them was recovered from the skeletal material of Szeged Castle and the other one from the cemetery of... more
    Two human thoracolumbar spine remains showing angular kyphosis have been investigated. Both skeletons come from medieval Hungary; one of them was recovered from the skeletal material of Szeged Castle and the other one from the cemetery of Nyarlorinc. Both cases show serious bone deformities; on account of a chronic pathological process, several vertebral bodies have been destroyed and have collapsed resulting in a gibbus. Because of the specific character of the lesions, the diagnosis of vertebral tuberculosis (TB) could be rendered probable even after the initial macroscopic observations. As for the spine from Nyarlorinc, the diagnosis of TB was confirmed by a molecular test too. A comparative paleoradiological analysis has also aided our diagnosis. The radiological picture is consistent with characteristics of Pott’s disease in both cases.
    admonition to his son, Prince Emeric. And in truth, in terms of both ethnicity and religion, medieval Hungary was one of the most diverse countries in Europe at the time. However, this variety only reveals itself to 21st century... more
    admonition to his son, Prince Emeric. And in truth, in terms of both ethnicity and religion, medieval Hungary was one of the most diverse countries in Europe at the time. However, this variety only reveals itself to 21st century researchers in very fortunate instances. A 12th–13th century settlement and its cemetery, which we have been able to determine to be Muslim on the basis of our present knowledge, has been discovered in Orosháza. This Árpád Period settlement in Orosháza provides an outstanding example of the economic and military role of Muslims that is known from written sources. We suspect that amongst the inhabitants there were people who were farmers of the mint, were occupied with contemporary trade, money-changing, and possibly with military service and guarding the frontiers.
    Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and... more
    Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and intestinal wall layers. TNFα expression was mapped by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy in myenteric ganglia of duodenum, ileum and colon. Tissue TNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) and mucosa/submucosa/submucous plexus-containing (MUC-SUBMUC-SP) homogenates. Increasing density of TNFα-labelling gold particles is observed in myenteric ganglia from proximal to distal segments and TNFα tissue levels are much more elevated in MUSCLE-MP homogenates than in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples in healthy controls. In the diabetics, the number of TNFα gold labels is significantly increased in the duodenum, decreased in the colon and remained uncha...
    To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and... more
    To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and control rats 10 weeks after the onset of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Myenteric whole-mount preparations were immunostained with anti-5-HT and pan-neuronal anti-HuCD markers. In controls, the 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons represent a small proportion (~2.5%) of the total neuronal number in the investigated gut segments. The proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons was significantly higher in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.0001) of diabetic rats compared to the controls but exhibited a slight increase in the ileum. Immediate insulin treatment resulted in a significantly lower proportion of myenteric 5-HT-IR neurons in each segment (duodenum p < 0.0001; ileum p < 0.01; and colon p < 0.0001) compared to the untreated diabetic...
    Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and... more
    Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and intestinal wall layers. TNFα expression was mapped by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy in myenteric ganglia of duodenum, ileum and colon. Tissue TNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) and mucosa/submucosa/submucous plexus-containing (MUC-SUBMUC-SP) homogenates. Increasing density of TNFα-labelling gold particles is observed in myenteric ganglia from proximal to distal segments and TNFα tissue levels are much more elevated in MUSCLE-MP homogenates than in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples in healthy controls. In the diabetics, the number of TNFα gold labels is significantly increased in the duodenum, decreased in the colon and remained uncha...
    Very small, green colored, partially mummified remains of a perinate individual were found buried in a ceramic pot with a copper coin in the Late Medieval cemetery of Nyárlőrinc-Hangár út (BNyárlőrinc 3. lelőhely^) in southern Hungary.... more
    Very small, green colored, partially mummified remains of a perinate individual were found buried in a ceramic pot with a copper coin in the Late Medieval cemetery of Nyárlőrinc-Hangár út (BNyárlőrinc 3. lelőhely^) in southern Hungary. The remains must date back to the second half of the nineteenth century AD. In this paper; we present data gathered in a series of multidisciplinary investigations targeted to the partially mummified remains (ind. no. 14426) and two other non-mummified perinates (ind. no. 10662 and no. 14336) possibly buried under similar circumstances in the cemetery. Besides standard macromorphological and stereomicroscopic examinations, we compared Cu concentrations in the remains using ICP-AES and mapped Cu concentration changes using μXRF. The partially mummified perinate showed the highest Cu concentrations, while the individual buried without a possible Cu source showed the lowest. Body parts in the closer proximity of the copper coins always showed higher conc...
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    The site is situated in the western outskirts of Orosháza, on a brow of hill in the northwest-southeast direction, of which only the north and the south part extend through the fields today. Between 1949 and 1950 large-scale excavation... more
    The site is situated in the western outskirts of Orosháza, on a brow of hill in the northwest-southeast
    direction, of which only the north and the south part extend through the fields today. Between 1949
    and 1950 large-scale excavation work was carried out on the site of the former church and cemetery,
    as a military training ground was planned to set up there. The middle part of the spine of the hill
    was removed then and now it currently operates as a historical park (Gellértegyháza Historical Park).
    During the earthworks human bones became found, which was reported to the competent authority.
    Then Elemér Zalotay revealed additional 344 graves in 1951, then 336 ones in 1952. In 1970, Irene
    Juhász also conducted a rescue excavation, discovering two more graves. In the recent past field survey
    and metal detection research were also conducted at the site, according to which it can be stated that
    the settlement was situated in the north to the cemetery and the church, on the other part of the same spine of the hill, whose southern part was a burial place. The border between the settlement and the
    cemetery might have spread somewhere on the northern edge of the today’s historical park.
    In archaeologist circles the concept of the so-called Gellértegyháza-type cemetery is well-known,
    which concept usually refers to those cemeteries in which both the early pagan antecedents and the
    subsequent burials around the church form a tangible and well-defined transition. In other words, the
    former pagan burial place became used as a Christian cemetery henceforth. However, it has still not
    been clarified whether the eponymous site itself is really a Gellértegyház-type cemetery.
    Based on recent research it can be affirmed that the part of the cemetery excavated in Orosháza-
    Rákóczitelep-Újosztás had been in use for 150-160 years at least, and during this time period we
    can distinguish three periods. The cemetery might have been opened in the end of the 10th and the
    beginning of the 11th century, and the first burials still show pagan traditions (burial with horse,
    the presence of pagan symbols, everyday objects placed in the grave etc.). Later on, as a result of
    Christian proselytizing the number of appendices decreased, the application of the pagan-type rites
    gradually disappeared. In the second phase, compared to the first, the number of finds is significantly
    lower, and pieces of wear (S-ended hair ring, few beads) as well as coins of Solomon (1063-1074)
    and Géza I (1074-1077) characterize these burials. Sometime during the 11th century brick churches
    with horseshoe-arched apse began to be built, which henceforward had played a central role regarding
    the organization of the newer graves until the cemetery finished to function. The graves in the third
    period contained finds sporadically which are usually pieces of wear such as ribbed S-ended hair ring,
    finger rings, ear rings, buckle and in some cases coins used as obulus, the coins of Béla II (1131-1141)
    and Géza II (1141-1162). The burials in the first period were situated sporadically on the spine of
    the hill in Northwest-Southeast direction, and the graves of the second period were formed mainly
    on the Southern part of the hill, while the deceased of the third period were laid to rest, to the
    North of the aforementioned period, in the surrounding area of the church. The archaeological and
    anthropological data also confirm that the three periods were in continuity with one another, and it
    illustrates well the process of becoming Christian. Based on these the burial site at Rákóczitelep can be
    called Gellértegyháza-type cemetery, though the term „Gellértegyháza” itself is debatable.
    In 2016 we carried out an excavation jointly with Zoltán Rózsa at the site with the help of the
    colleagues of the Orosházi Museum, archaeologist students from the University of Szeged and some
    local residents interested. During the excavation we succeeded in revealing some part of the cemetery
    around the church, including remains of 77 persons. We have not been able to verify completely the
    excavation results published by Zalotay due to high degree of movement of earth, however, we have
    managed to make important observations in terms of, for instance, burial traditions in the 11th and
    12nd century, the superposition at the graves, the forms of tombs and wear elements. The most recent
    artifacts of the excavation include two coins (Béla II and Géza II), coffin pegs, iron clasps, rings and
    hair rings (among them ones with ribbed S-ending). Further findings to mention are the pottery
    fragments that were placed one at a time in the graves as well as brick fragments partly found in the
    graves and scattered. The cemetery extended over the verge of the IV segment opened in 2016 towards
    all corners therefore there will be possibility to carry on further research and answer still unclarified
    questions. Based on the so far revealed nearly 760 graves - not counting the many hundred destroyed burials
    - a long-functioned burial place emerges with great number of graves in front of us.
    " Mert az egy nyelvű és egy szokású ország gyenge és esendő... " írja Szent István fiához, Imre herceghez szóló intelmeiben. És valóban, a középkori Magyar Királyság etnikum és vallás tekintetében is az egyik legszínesebb ország volt a... more
    " Mert az egy nyelvű és egy szokású ország gyenge és esendő... " írja Szent István fiához, Imre herceghez szóló intelmeiben. És valóban, a középkori Magyar Királyság etnikum és vallás tekintetében is az egyik legszínesebb ország volt a korabeli Európában. Ez a tarkaság azonban a 21. század kutatói előtt csak nagyon szerencsés esetekben bontakozik ki. Egy olyan 12–13. századi telepet és temetőjét tártuk fel Orosházán, amelyet jelen ismereteink alapján muszlimnak határozhatunk meg. Az orosházi Árpád-kori telep kiválóan példázza a muszlimok írásos forrásokból ismert gazdasági és katonai szerepét: a korabeli kereskedőket, pénzváltókat, kamarabérlőket, esetlegesen a katonáskodással, mélységi határvédelemmel foglalkozó elemeket sejtjük lakói közt. A három földrajzi kisrégió határán fekvő Orosháza és térsége a régészeti források által lefedett korszakokban egyszerre tűnik központi szerepet játszó régiónak és perifériának, mivel az ős-Maros elhagyott medrei csak időszakosan nyújtottak megfelelő életteret az itt lakók számára. Így az Árpád-kor közösségei is századról-századra különböző intenzitással alakították környezetüket. Ahogyan az egyre növekvő mennyiségű, változatos régészeti anyag alapján látható, a régió a földrajzi környezetnek köszönhetően a transzfer szerepből nem igazán tudott kilépni: az ős-Maros medrei csak időnként teltek meg vízzel, ami elsősorban az átmenő forgalomnak kedvezett. Az Orosháza határában az elmúlt években feltárt Árpád-kori település földbe ásott házai, gödrei és árkai megfelelnek az Árpád-kori falusi környezet feltárásokból ismert általános képének, miként a leletanyag főbb párhuzamai is előkerültek a Kárpát-medencei ásatások során. Előfordul azonban néhány olyan lelettípus, amely miatt kissé mégis eltér a kép a szokásostól. A bográcsok és fazekak után harmadik helyen, szép számban kerültek elő palackok és korsók, melyeket nagyrészt a helyi piacokon szerezhettek be a falu egykori lakói. Nagy számuk mégis arra utal, hogy a település lakosainak étkezési kultúrája bizonyos mértékben eltért az általánostól. Sajátos szokásra engednek következtetni azok a hatalmas méretű sütőharangok, és a hozzájuk tartozó vaskos, peremes sütőlapok töredékei is, amelyek az egyik házban kerültek elő. A ház a település központi részén helyezkedett el. A padló alá süllyesztett, téglából rakott dongaboltozatos kemence kiemeli a telepen előkerült hasonló szerkezetű házak sorából. Az objektum igazi jelentőségét mégis a fent leírtak együttese adja, amely alapján közösségi szintű főzési gyakorlatot feltételezünk az egykori boronafalú épületben. Falusi környezetben egyedinek számít a településen előkerült csontfeldolgozó műhely is. 1 A település lakóinak foglalkozásáról tanúskodnak a lelőhely objektumaiból előkerült mérlegserpenyők. Ezek arra engednek következtetni, hogy az itt élők kereskedelemmel foglalkoztak. A földrajzi környezet, a nagy folyók átkelőihez futó utak hálózata kiválóan szolgálta a terület mindenkori urainak kereskedelmi és hadi céljait regionális és országos szinten egyaránt; így volt ez az Árpád-korban is. Az állatcsontanyag vizsgálata többet is elárul a közösségről. A feltárt mintegy 400 objektum 15.657 db állatcsontot tartalmazott, ebből mindössze 24 darabot lehetett sertéscsontként meghatározni (ezek azonban az ugyanitt feltárt avar település szórványanyagaként is értelmezhetőek). Nyugodtan kijelenthetjük tehát, hogy a település lakossága egyáltalán nem fogyasztott sertéshúst. Hasonló jelenséget figyeltek meg a középkori Magyarország néhány
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    A tanulmány az orosházi főtér építési munkálatai során előkerült 3. századi női temetkezést mutatja be. A fiatal nőt a korszakban általános gyöngyös viseletben, fülbevalóval, fibulával, karperecekkel felékszerezve temették el. A sír... more
    A tanulmány az orosházi főtér építési munkálatai során előkerült 3. századi női temetkezést mutatja be. A fiatal nőt a korszakban általános gyöngyös viseletben, fülbevalóval, fibulával, karperecekkel felékszerezve temették el.  A sír valószínűleg egy nagyobb kiterjedésű temető része lehetett.
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