This article addresses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Econom... more This article addresses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers' point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.
Given the increase of non-English audiovisual content, translating through pivot templates is inc... more Given the increase of non-English audiovisual content, translating through pivot templates is increasingly common. Yet, pivot templates have attracted scant scholarly attention. Several factors remain unclear. Among the first factors are the questions of who creates pivot templates, from what languages are they translated, into what languages are they translated, and what audiovisual products and channels are they for? Secondly, what are the challenges involved in the creation of templates? The third factor would be whether there is any training available for pivot template creators, and whether this training is effective. To provide more clarity on these issues, we distributed a questionnaire and elicited replies from 100 pivot templators and 75 subtitler trainers based in Europe. The results indicate that most pivot templators translate into English as L2. Because of this, diverse difficulties arise. Training in pivot template making seems rare, especially compared to training in subtitling in general. The training that is offered comes mainly from the industry and not academia. This is problematic for various reasons: (a) the former does not typically cover issues related to subtitler ethics or the sustainability of the profession, and (b) translator training and professional codes of conduct eye L2 translation with suspicion. Drawing on the respondents’ insights, we argue that much can be gained from teaching non-English-language native speakers how to create English-language templates.
Ocupaciones y lenguaje. Indicadores y análisis de competencias lingüísticas en el ámbito laboral, 2021
Para entender por qué la traducción automática neuronal ha abierto de nuevo la discusión sobre el... more Para entender por qué la traducción automática neuronal ha abierto de nuevo la discusión sobre el futuro da la profesión del traductor, es necesario conocer qué mejoras aporta respecto a sistemas de traducción anteriores, qué nuevas habilidades requiere para su integración en el ámbito de trabajo, y cómo su desarrollo ha rebajado a la categoría de mito algunas de las afirmaciones que tradicionalmente se han defendido respecto a la traducción automática.
Este estudio recapacita sobre el conocimiento previo y experiencia en el uso de las herramientas ... more Este estudio recapacita sobre el conocimiento previo y experiencia en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas integradas y necesarias de los estudiantes del curso " Mooc sobre Moocs y otras tecnologías educativas " Las dificultades surgidas durante el curso, cómo se resolvieron y cómo los estudiantes reflexionaron sobre las mismas proporcionan propuestas de ayuda a los alumnos que menor capacitación tecnológica sobre las que reflexionar.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are viewed as one of the most recent opportunities for distanc... more Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are viewed as one of the most recent opportunities for distance learning. The growing demand for this type of training, usually informal, has been gaining momentum by maximizing equity in education and training. Although its apparent informality, MOOCs can be used in a formal context and approach, thus contributing to Teacher Education at a more global level. Teacher Education in Portugal is implemented throughout the whole school year and implies the attendance of training courses at a specific institution. MOOCs are therefore an alternative and easier way to implement continuous training. This paper presents a case study in which a MOOC was developed and implemented in order to attract teachers to this new way of sharing knowledge. The MOOC was called " A MOOC on MOOCs and other educational technologies " and had 17 teachers attending. Fifteen finished the training course and created their own MOOC on the Udemy platform. The participants were from various academic backgrounds and had different professional experiences. Nevertheless, their digital competences were quite homogenous in terms of using synchronous and asynchronous tools. This work aims at clarifying the contribution MOOCs can have in teacher education and at understanding the perception teachers have from their own evolution after developing and implementing their own MOOC. These objectives were assessed through questionnaires at three different stages: before, at the end of the course and four months after the end of the course. Apart from questionnaires, observation was also used as a means to understand the ongoing teacher's reactions to their learning process, since the three trainers were key elements in a participatory action research approach. The analysis of the questionnaires show that the participants considered the MOOC as a scientifically valid training course which has contributed highly to their continuous education. Throughout the paper the development of the whole experiment will be explained in its different stages, providing a clear analysis of the results and feedback of the participants and trainers confirming that MOOCs can be used in the context of Teacher Education in Portugal, where the experiment was a novelty, as well as in other similar contexts in other countries. MOOCs facilitate access to education for educators, eroding space barriers in a time where teachers need to be empowered for the 21 st teaching and learning process.
A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that 96 per cent of them have translated or interprete... more A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that 96 per cent of them have translated or interpreted “on a regular basis,” with translation/interpreting being or having been a main or secondary activity for 43 percent of the scholars. Translation scholars would also seem to be particularly mobile (71 per cent have spent more than one year in a country other than their own) and come from diverse academic and professional backgrounds (33
percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid 20s). These figures
indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational backgrounds. Asked about
desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship
where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there
need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.
Uma pesquisa com 305 estudiosos da tradução mostra que 96% deles já traduziram ou interpretaram “... more Uma pesquisa com 305 estudiosos da tradução mostra que 96% deles já traduziram ou interpretaram “regularmente”, com tradução/interpretação sendo ou tendo sido a atividade principal ou secundária de 43% deles. Eles também parecem mudar-se com frequência (71% passaram mais de um ano em outro país sem ser o seu) e trazem bagagens acadêmicas e profissionais diversas (33% não estavam engajados na tradução ou interpretação quando tinham vinte e poucos anos). Esses dados indicam que estudiosos da tradução não apenas têm experiências consideráveis na prática de tradução, mas também apresentam uma vasta gama de bagagens profissionais e culturais. Perguntados sobre as relações desejáveis entre trabalhos acadêmicos e prática profissional, os entrevistados indicaram benefícios para ambos os lados (apesar de uma pequena maioria salientar uma relação unidirecional em que o trabalho acadêmico se beneficia da prática profissional), sendo o ensino frequentemente indicado como a ligação entre os dois. No entanto, aproximadamente um quarto dos estudiosos indicaram que não precisa haver uma relação entre estudos acadêmicos e prática profissional.
Palavras-chave: estudiosos da tradução; relação entre pesquisa-atuação prática; tradução profissional; sociologia de pesquisa.
Os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) consistem em cursos online abertos e, normalmente gratuitos... more Os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) consistem em cursos online abertos e, normalmente gratuitos, que permitem a inscrição de um elevado número de participantes. A adesão a esta modalidade de educação, normalmente informal, foi o principal repto para propor uma oficina de formação, totalmente online. Com esta formação pretendeu-se fornecer as competências necessárias para que professores se sentissem capacitados para criar e distribuir os seus próprios MOOC. No presente trabalho recorre-se à metodologia de estudo de caso e procura-se inicialmente apresentar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, a revisão de literatura relativamente aos MOOC. Posteriormente, com base nos dados obtidos pela observação participante e inquérito por questionário, evidenciam-se os principais resultados da oficina de formação online “MOOC: uma tecnologia educativa de futuro.
The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals inc... more The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals including previous experience, academic qualifications, professional accreditation and membership of associations. When those signals shifted from print and word-of-mouth to electronic media, some degree of market disorder resulted with respect to globalization of translator-client contacts, the growth of volunteer translation, access to free online machine translation, and the corresponding motivation to steal the identities of professional translators. Three case studies of websites and forums that have been associated with market disorder (ProZ.com, a comparison of aRGENTeaM and GrupoTS, and the Translator Scammers Directory) indicate that the initial disorder has been challenged and in some cases significantly corrected, with new forms of signalling appearing within the electronic environments. ProZ.com has instigated its own accreditation system, the volunteer subtitling communities have developed elaborate internal hierarchies of control, and the stealing of translators’ identities has been challenged through more sophisticated use of the same electronic media that allowed the thefts. In the new configuration of signals, however, it would seem that academic qualifications have less market value than does verifiable professional experience, while professional accreditation still has value but can be forged. For many segments of the translation market, the return to market equilibrium will require greater attention to new signalling mechanisms, with more sophisticated uses of electronic communication.
The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals inc... more The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals including previous experience, academic qualifications, professional accreditation and membership of associations. When those signals shifted from print and word-of-mouth to electronic media, some degree of market disorder resulted with respect to globalization of translator-client contacts, the growth of volunteer translation, access to free online machine translation, and the corresponding motivation to steal the identities of professional translators. Three case studies of websites and forums that have been associated with market disorder (ProZ.com, a comparison of aRGENTeaM and GrupoTS, and the Translator Scammers Directory) indicate that the initial disorder has been challenged and in some cases significantly corrected, with new forms of signalling appearing within the electronic environments. ProZ.com has instigated its own accreditation system, the volunteer subtitling communities have developed elaborate internal hierarchies of control, and the stealing of translators’ identities has been challenged through more sophisticated use of the same electronic media that allowed the thefts. In the new configuration of signals, however, it would seem that academic qualifications have less market value than does verifiable professional experience, while professional accreditation still has value but can be forged. For many segments of the translation market, the return to market equilibrium will require greater attention to new signalling mechanisms, with more sophisticated uses of electronic communication.
Literary translation from Korean into English has developed in many ways since the first tentativ... more Literary translation from Korean into English has developed in many ways since the first tentative translations of folk stories carried by missionaries in the early twentieth century. The difficulties of translation might be similar now to those early times, but the selection, subvention, publishing and marketing processes have changed, and with them, the way those topics are tackled by translators and other agents in the translational paratexts. This study locates and classifies the references to translation and the translation process found in the paratexts of literary translations from Korean into English distributed in the American market from 1951 to 2000. The most commonly approached topics are defined bottom-up, and the importance placed in the resulting categories (technical decisions, untranslatability, free vs. literal translation, quality of the output, process of translation, social role of translations and representation of translation) is organized chronologically. By looking into the change of approaches to translation and the translation profession, an overview of the Korean into English literary translation field is provided. This overview is considered in relation to the change of the profile of the translators, the internationalization of the Republic of Korea and the growing commercial aim of translated work.
Interaction between images and cultural references can make illustrations, and especially book co... more Interaction between images and cultural references can make illustrations, and especially book covers, become more than mere supplements to texts. In this study I analyze the topics, paratextual presentations and covers of Korean literature translated into English and published in the USA after the Korean War. I organize topics, discourses and images into four categories of analysis (Modernity, Tradition, Religion and Struggle) and I look into the relations between the four. I aim to discern, first, the main image presented of Korea in this corpus of publications. Second, I want to uncover to what extent these three categories, which may correspond to the three stages of the creation of a literary translation (selection – translation – marketing), have a common focus. Third, based on the results, I draw conclusions regarding the different visions of Korea and the agents involved in the translation of Korean literature. The results show contradictory presentations of the different agents involved with a common hidden discourse: Struggle.
Early publications of manga in Spain translated or adopted Japanese cultural items and inverted v... more Early publications of manga in Spain translated or adopted Japanese cultural items and inverted volumes. On authors, Japanese publishers and Spanish readers’ request, most publications currently keep the original format and transcribe Japanese references. Assumedly, readers believe that domesticating translations hinder the target culture while foreignizing strategies are more respectful. In this study, we want to test if there is a difference in reading behavior depending on the two strategies by analyzing the attention shifts between image and text. That is, can we really prove that different translation strategies create different reading patterns? To test these approaches from the audience’s perspective we have selected real passages of published manga books translated into Spanish, which contain food-related words either kept in Japanese (e.g.. ramen) or adapted into Spanish (e.g. fideos “noodles”). We asked 18 manga consumers to read the selected fragments and their gaze movement was collected using an eye-tracker. Results provide initial data on the effects of different translation techniques on the reading patterns of frequent manga readers indicating that foreignizing strategies generate more complex reading patterns, while domesticating strategies might cause longer mean fixations when reading the text.
Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training at least since the 1950... more Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training at least since the 1950s. Despite numerous criticisms, some of the oldest versions are still held to have pedagogical value as the toolboxes of the trade. Here we report on class activities in which two classical typologies –Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) and Loh (1958) – were learned, applied, and critically evaluated by four classes of final-year Masters students translating into a variety of European and Asian languages. It is found, as expected, that students working with European languages prefer Vinay and Darbelnet, while students working with Chinese prefer Loh. The students’ evaluations of the solution types nevertheless reveal surprising lacunae in both, evincing the need for some careful redefinitions. The pedagogical value of the solution types thus lies not in their capacity to describe actual translation processes, since there is strong linguistic relativity involved, but in the way their imperfect metalanguages allow students to reflect critically not only on their own practice, but also on the difficulties of theorization.
Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 23-1, Jan 2015
Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training since at least the 1950... more Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training since at least the 1950s. Despite numerous criticisms, some of the oldest versions are still held to have pedagogical value as the toolboxes of the trade. Here we report on class activities in which two classical typologies – Vinay and Darbelnet and Loh – were learned, applied, and critically evaluated by four classes of final-year Masters students translating into a variety of European and Asian languages. It is found that students working with European languages prefer Vinay and Darbelnet, while students working with Chinese prefer Loh. The students' evaluations of the solution types nevertheless reveal surprising lacunas in both, and evince the need for some careful redefinitions. The pedagogical value of the solution types thus lies not in their capacity to describe actual translation processes, since there is a strong linguistic relativity involved, but in the way that their imperfect metalanguages allow students to reflect critically not only on their own practice but also on the difficulties of theorization.
And Translation Changed the World: And the World Changed Translation., Jan 2015
Korea was known as the Hermit Kingdom for very good reasons. In 1947, when Western and Soviet sol... more Korea was known as the Hermit Kingdom for very good reasons. In 1947, when Western and Soviet soldiers entered the peninsula to rescue it from the Japanese occupation, they were for many inhabitants of the Korean peninsula the first “foreigners” they had ever seen. Who carried out the translations of Korean literature into English that began flourishing after the Korean War, some years later?
This paper looks into the main activities of the translators of Korean literature in English published or distributed in the United States after the Korean War (1950) and
until the end of the century (2000). By looking at the main activities of literary
translators throughout these 50 years, we aim to draw a picture of the translation scene.
The main activity of translators might hint at their reasons to go into translation and might indicate their connections to Korean literature.
In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a “translation” and h... more In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a “translation” and how such things are to be found, usually through recourse to bibliographical databases. We propose that, starting from the maximalist view that translations are potentially everywhere, various distribution processes impose a series of selective filters thanks to which some translations are more easily identified and accessible than others. The study of translation must be aware of these prior filters, and must know how to account for them, and sometimes how to overcome them. Research processes then necessarily impose their own selective filters, which may reduce or extend the number and kinds of translations given by prior filters. We present three research projects where the play of prior and research filters is very different. For one-off large-scale relational hypotheses, the Index Translationum is found to be relatively cost-efficient. For more detailed objects such as translation flows from Spanish into French in a specific period, a book-industry database offers significant advantages. And for a study marked by a paucity of texts, as is the case of translation from Korean into English following the Korean War, a combination of databases is necessary, the most useful turning out to be Amazon.
The question of “Who came first?” seems to have an obvious answer: volumes before 1975 precede vo... more The question of “Who came first?” seems to have an obvious answer: volumes before 1975 precede volumes after 1975, therefore volumes before 1975 came first. However, paratexts from two different periods in the Korean-American translation flow (the first stage covering 1951 to 1975 and the second stage covering 1976 to 2000) do not seem to confirm this apparently straightforward correlation. Actually, more volumes in the second period are presented as “first translations” than in the first period. We claim that the purpose of the translation and the stability of the profession are two basic factors that model such claims for “novelty”. On the one hand, pioneer translators seem unaware of their characteristic originality. They usually rely on previous works to legitimise their efforts. On the other hand, later works are already legitimised. However, they need to look for differentiation from the previous works and therefore claim to be “the first”. This research looks into the paratexts of translations from Korean into English published in the United States between 1951 and 2000 as a case study for these claims.
Forum, Journal of Translation and Interpreting Studies, Jul 2008
On dit souvent qu’une bonne traduction ne peut être produite que par un traducteur seul, lequel t... more On dit souvent qu’une bonne traduction ne peut être produite que par un traducteur seul, lequel travaillerait directement d’une langue étrangère vers sa langue maternelle. En dépit de quelques voix qui se sont fait entendre et qui défendent la traduction indirecte, la traduction de groupe et la traduction vers des langues autres que la langue maternelle, un traducteur biculturel et bilingue travaillant seul reste encore l’idéal prédominant. Cependant, une recherche effectuée sur les traductions de la littérature coréenne en anglais dates, montre que les pratiques de traduction non standard forment une part importante dans l’amorce d’un flux de traduction.
El cómic coreano, el cómic japonés y el cómic chino comparten, entre otras cosas, caracteres (漫畵)... more El cómic coreano, el cómic japonés y el cómic chino comparten, entre otras cosas, caracteres (漫畵) y una creciente presencia en el mercado mundial del cómic, aunque, no nos engañemos, a diferentes niveles. En castellano, a menudo estas palabras no solo representan la nacionalidad de la ilustración sino que también implican una serie de características que provocan que se considere el manhwa (o el manga) como un género en sí mismo. Esta visión dista mucho delsignificado que se le da a la palabra manhwa en Corea.
This article addresses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Econom... more This article addresses the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers' point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.
Given the increase of non-English audiovisual content, translating through pivot templates is inc... more Given the increase of non-English audiovisual content, translating through pivot templates is increasingly common. Yet, pivot templates have attracted scant scholarly attention. Several factors remain unclear. Among the first factors are the questions of who creates pivot templates, from what languages are they translated, into what languages are they translated, and what audiovisual products and channels are they for? Secondly, what are the challenges involved in the creation of templates? The third factor would be whether there is any training available for pivot template creators, and whether this training is effective. To provide more clarity on these issues, we distributed a questionnaire and elicited replies from 100 pivot templators and 75 subtitler trainers based in Europe. The results indicate that most pivot templators translate into English as L2. Because of this, diverse difficulties arise. Training in pivot template making seems rare, especially compared to training in subtitling in general. The training that is offered comes mainly from the industry and not academia. This is problematic for various reasons: (a) the former does not typically cover issues related to subtitler ethics or the sustainability of the profession, and (b) translator training and professional codes of conduct eye L2 translation with suspicion. Drawing on the respondents’ insights, we argue that much can be gained from teaching non-English-language native speakers how to create English-language templates.
Ocupaciones y lenguaje. Indicadores y análisis de competencias lingüísticas en el ámbito laboral, 2021
Para entender por qué la traducción automática neuronal ha abierto de nuevo la discusión sobre el... more Para entender por qué la traducción automática neuronal ha abierto de nuevo la discusión sobre el futuro da la profesión del traductor, es necesario conocer qué mejoras aporta respecto a sistemas de traducción anteriores, qué nuevas habilidades requiere para su integración en el ámbito de trabajo, y cómo su desarrollo ha rebajado a la categoría de mito algunas de las afirmaciones que tradicionalmente se han defendido respecto a la traducción automática.
Este estudio recapacita sobre el conocimiento previo y experiencia en el uso de las herramientas ... more Este estudio recapacita sobre el conocimiento previo y experiencia en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas integradas y necesarias de los estudiantes del curso " Mooc sobre Moocs y otras tecnologías educativas " Las dificultades surgidas durante el curso, cómo se resolvieron y cómo los estudiantes reflexionaron sobre las mismas proporcionan propuestas de ayuda a los alumnos que menor capacitación tecnológica sobre las que reflexionar.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are viewed as one of the most recent opportunities for distanc... more Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are viewed as one of the most recent opportunities for distance learning. The growing demand for this type of training, usually informal, has been gaining momentum by maximizing equity in education and training. Although its apparent informality, MOOCs can be used in a formal context and approach, thus contributing to Teacher Education at a more global level. Teacher Education in Portugal is implemented throughout the whole school year and implies the attendance of training courses at a specific institution. MOOCs are therefore an alternative and easier way to implement continuous training. This paper presents a case study in which a MOOC was developed and implemented in order to attract teachers to this new way of sharing knowledge. The MOOC was called " A MOOC on MOOCs and other educational technologies " and had 17 teachers attending. Fifteen finished the training course and created their own MOOC on the Udemy platform. The participants were from various academic backgrounds and had different professional experiences. Nevertheless, their digital competences were quite homogenous in terms of using synchronous and asynchronous tools. This work aims at clarifying the contribution MOOCs can have in teacher education and at understanding the perception teachers have from their own evolution after developing and implementing their own MOOC. These objectives were assessed through questionnaires at three different stages: before, at the end of the course and four months after the end of the course. Apart from questionnaires, observation was also used as a means to understand the ongoing teacher's reactions to their learning process, since the three trainers were key elements in a participatory action research approach. The analysis of the questionnaires show that the participants considered the MOOC as a scientifically valid training course which has contributed highly to their continuous education. Throughout the paper the development of the whole experiment will be explained in its different stages, providing a clear analysis of the results and feedback of the participants and trainers confirming that MOOCs can be used in the context of Teacher Education in Portugal, where the experiment was a novelty, as well as in other similar contexts in other countries. MOOCs facilitate access to education for educators, eroding space barriers in a time where teachers need to be empowered for the 21 st teaching and learning process.
A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that 96 per cent of them have translated or interprete... more A survey of 305 translation scholars shows that 96 per cent of them have translated or interpreted “on a regular basis,” with translation/interpreting being or having been a main or secondary activity for 43 percent of the scholars. Translation scholars would also seem to be particularly mobile (71 per cent have spent more than one year in a country other than their own) and come from diverse academic and professional backgrounds (33
percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid 20s). These figures
indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational backgrounds. Asked about
desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship
where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there
need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.
Uma pesquisa com 305 estudiosos da tradução mostra que 96% deles já traduziram ou interpretaram “... more Uma pesquisa com 305 estudiosos da tradução mostra que 96% deles já traduziram ou interpretaram “regularmente”, com tradução/interpretação sendo ou tendo sido a atividade principal ou secundária de 43% deles. Eles também parecem mudar-se com frequência (71% passaram mais de um ano em outro país sem ser o seu) e trazem bagagens acadêmicas e profissionais diversas (33% não estavam engajados na tradução ou interpretação quando tinham vinte e poucos anos). Esses dados indicam que estudiosos da tradução não apenas têm experiências consideráveis na prática de tradução, mas também apresentam uma vasta gama de bagagens profissionais e culturais. Perguntados sobre as relações desejáveis entre trabalhos acadêmicos e prática profissional, os entrevistados indicaram benefícios para ambos os lados (apesar de uma pequena maioria salientar uma relação unidirecional em que o trabalho acadêmico se beneficia da prática profissional), sendo o ensino frequentemente indicado como a ligação entre os dois. No entanto, aproximadamente um quarto dos estudiosos indicaram que não precisa haver uma relação entre estudos acadêmicos e prática profissional.
Palavras-chave: estudiosos da tradução; relação entre pesquisa-atuação prática; tradução profissional; sociologia de pesquisa.
Os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) consistem em cursos online abertos e, normalmente gratuitos... more Os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) consistem em cursos online abertos e, normalmente gratuitos, que permitem a inscrição de um elevado número de participantes. A adesão a esta modalidade de educação, normalmente informal, foi o principal repto para propor uma oficina de formação, totalmente online. Com esta formação pretendeu-se fornecer as competências necessárias para que professores se sentissem capacitados para criar e distribuir os seus próprios MOOC. No presente trabalho recorre-se à metodologia de estudo de caso e procura-se inicialmente apresentar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, a revisão de literatura relativamente aos MOOC. Posteriormente, com base nos dados obtidos pela observação participante e inquérito por questionário, evidenciam-se os principais resultados da oficina de formação online “MOOC: uma tecnologia educativa de futuro.
The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals inc... more The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals including previous experience, academic qualifications, professional accreditation and membership of associations. When those signals shifted from print and word-of-mouth to electronic media, some degree of market disorder resulted with respect to globalization of translator-client contacts, the growth of volunteer translation, access to free online machine translation, and the corresponding motivation to steal the identities of professional translators. Three case studies of websites and forums that have been associated with market disorder (ProZ.com, a comparison of aRGENTeaM and GrupoTS, and the Translator Scammers Directory) indicate that the initial disorder has been challenged and in some cases significantly corrected, with new forms of signalling appearing within the electronic environments. ProZ.com has instigated its own accreditation system, the volunteer subtitling communities have developed elaborate internal hierarchies of control, and the stealing of translators’ identities has been challenged through more sophisticated use of the same electronic media that allowed the thefts. In the new configuration of signals, however, it would seem that academic qualifications have less market value than does verifiable professional experience, while professional accreditation still has value but can be forged. For many segments of the translation market, the return to market equilibrium will require greater attention to new signalling mechanisms, with more sophisticated uses of electronic communication.
The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals inc... more The professional status of a translator is traditionally indicated by a set of social signals including previous experience, academic qualifications, professional accreditation and membership of associations. When those signals shifted from print and word-of-mouth to electronic media, some degree of market disorder resulted with respect to globalization of translator-client contacts, the growth of volunteer translation, access to free online machine translation, and the corresponding motivation to steal the identities of professional translators. Three case studies of websites and forums that have been associated with market disorder (ProZ.com, a comparison of aRGENTeaM and GrupoTS, and the Translator Scammers Directory) indicate that the initial disorder has been challenged and in some cases significantly corrected, with new forms of signalling appearing within the electronic environments. ProZ.com has instigated its own accreditation system, the volunteer subtitling communities have developed elaborate internal hierarchies of control, and the stealing of translators’ identities has been challenged through more sophisticated use of the same electronic media that allowed the thefts. In the new configuration of signals, however, it would seem that academic qualifications have less market value than does verifiable professional experience, while professional accreditation still has value but can be forged. For many segments of the translation market, the return to market equilibrium will require greater attention to new signalling mechanisms, with more sophisticated uses of electronic communication.
Literary translation from Korean into English has developed in many ways since the first tentativ... more Literary translation from Korean into English has developed in many ways since the first tentative translations of folk stories carried by missionaries in the early twentieth century. The difficulties of translation might be similar now to those early times, but the selection, subvention, publishing and marketing processes have changed, and with them, the way those topics are tackled by translators and other agents in the translational paratexts. This study locates and classifies the references to translation and the translation process found in the paratexts of literary translations from Korean into English distributed in the American market from 1951 to 2000. The most commonly approached topics are defined bottom-up, and the importance placed in the resulting categories (technical decisions, untranslatability, free vs. literal translation, quality of the output, process of translation, social role of translations and representation of translation) is organized chronologically. By looking into the change of approaches to translation and the translation profession, an overview of the Korean into English literary translation field is provided. This overview is considered in relation to the change of the profile of the translators, the internationalization of the Republic of Korea and the growing commercial aim of translated work.
Interaction between images and cultural references can make illustrations, and especially book co... more Interaction between images and cultural references can make illustrations, and especially book covers, become more than mere supplements to texts. In this study I analyze the topics, paratextual presentations and covers of Korean literature translated into English and published in the USA after the Korean War. I organize topics, discourses and images into four categories of analysis (Modernity, Tradition, Religion and Struggle) and I look into the relations between the four. I aim to discern, first, the main image presented of Korea in this corpus of publications. Second, I want to uncover to what extent these three categories, which may correspond to the three stages of the creation of a literary translation (selection – translation – marketing), have a common focus. Third, based on the results, I draw conclusions regarding the different visions of Korea and the agents involved in the translation of Korean literature. The results show contradictory presentations of the different agents involved with a common hidden discourse: Struggle.
Early publications of manga in Spain translated or adopted Japanese cultural items and inverted v... more Early publications of manga in Spain translated or adopted Japanese cultural items and inverted volumes. On authors, Japanese publishers and Spanish readers’ request, most publications currently keep the original format and transcribe Japanese references. Assumedly, readers believe that domesticating translations hinder the target culture while foreignizing strategies are more respectful. In this study, we want to test if there is a difference in reading behavior depending on the two strategies by analyzing the attention shifts between image and text. That is, can we really prove that different translation strategies create different reading patterns? To test these approaches from the audience’s perspective we have selected real passages of published manga books translated into Spanish, which contain food-related words either kept in Japanese (e.g.. ramen) or adapted into Spanish (e.g. fideos “noodles”). We asked 18 manga consumers to read the selected fragments and their gaze movement was collected using an eye-tracker. Results provide initial data on the effects of different translation techniques on the reading patterns of frequent manga readers indicating that foreignizing strategies generate more complex reading patterns, while domesticating strategies might cause longer mean fixations when reading the text.
Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training at least since the 1950... more Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training at least since the 1950s. Despite numerous criticisms, some of the oldest versions are still held to have pedagogical value as the toolboxes of the trade. Here we report on class activities in which two classical typologies –Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) and Loh (1958) – were learned, applied, and critically evaluated by four classes of final-year Masters students translating into a variety of European and Asian languages. It is found, as expected, that students working with European languages prefer Vinay and Darbelnet, while students working with Chinese prefer Loh. The students’ evaluations of the solution types nevertheless reveal surprising lacunae in both, evincing the need for some careful redefinitions. The pedagogical value of the solution types thus lies not in their capacity to describe actual translation processes, since there is strong linguistic relativity involved, but in the way their imperfect metalanguages allow students to reflect critically not only on their own practice, but also on the difficulties of theorization.
Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 23-1, Jan 2015
Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training since at least the 1950... more Typologies of translation solutions have been used in translator training since at least the 1950s. Despite numerous criticisms, some of the oldest versions are still held to have pedagogical value as the toolboxes of the trade. Here we report on class activities in which two classical typologies – Vinay and Darbelnet and Loh – were learned, applied, and critically evaluated by four classes of final-year Masters students translating into a variety of European and Asian languages. It is found that students working with European languages prefer Vinay and Darbelnet, while students working with Chinese prefer Loh. The students' evaluations of the solution types nevertheless reveal surprising lacunas in both, and evince the need for some careful redefinitions. The pedagogical value of the solution types thus lies not in their capacity to describe actual translation processes, since there is a strong linguistic relativity involved, but in the way that their imperfect metalanguages allow students to reflect critically not only on their own practice but also on the difficulties of theorization.
And Translation Changed the World: And the World Changed Translation., Jan 2015
Korea was known as the Hermit Kingdom for very good reasons. In 1947, when Western and Soviet sol... more Korea was known as the Hermit Kingdom for very good reasons. In 1947, when Western and Soviet soldiers entered the peninsula to rescue it from the Japanese occupation, they were for many inhabitants of the Korean peninsula the first “foreigners” they had ever seen. Who carried out the translations of Korean literature into English that began flourishing after the Korean War, some years later?
This paper looks into the main activities of the translators of Korean literature in English published or distributed in the United States after the Korean War (1950) and
until the end of the century (2000). By looking at the main activities of literary
translators throughout these 50 years, we aim to draw a picture of the translation scene.
The main activity of translators might hint at their reasons to go into translation and might indicate their connections to Korean literature.
In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a “translation” and h... more In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a “translation” and how such things are to be found, usually through recourse to bibliographical databases. We propose that, starting from the maximalist view that translations are potentially everywhere, various distribution processes impose a series of selective filters thanks to which some translations are more easily identified and accessible than others. The study of translation must be aware of these prior filters, and must know how to account for them, and sometimes how to overcome them. Research processes then necessarily impose their own selective filters, which may reduce or extend the number and kinds of translations given by prior filters. We present three research projects where the play of prior and research filters is very different. For one-off large-scale relational hypotheses, the Index Translationum is found to be relatively cost-efficient. For more detailed objects such as translation flows from Spanish into French in a specific period, a book-industry database offers significant advantages. And for a study marked by a paucity of texts, as is the case of translation from Korean into English following the Korean War, a combination of databases is necessary, the most useful turning out to be Amazon.
The question of “Who came first?” seems to have an obvious answer: volumes before 1975 precede vo... more The question of “Who came first?” seems to have an obvious answer: volumes before 1975 precede volumes after 1975, therefore volumes before 1975 came first. However, paratexts from two different periods in the Korean-American translation flow (the first stage covering 1951 to 1975 and the second stage covering 1976 to 2000) do not seem to confirm this apparently straightforward correlation. Actually, more volumes in the second period are presented as “first translations” than in the first period. We claim that the purpose of the translation and the stability of the profession are two basic factors that model such claims for “novelty”. On the one hand, pioneer translators seem unaware of their characteristic originality. They usually rely on previous works to legitimise their efforts. On the other hand, later works are already legitimised. However, they need to look for differentiation from the previous works and therefore claim to be “the first”. This research looks into the paratexts of translations from Korean into English published in the United States between 1951 and 2000 as a case study for these claims.
Forum, Journal of Translation and Interpreting Studies, Jul 2008
On dit souvent qu’une bonne traduction ne peut être produite que par un traducteur seul, lequel t... more On dit souvent qu’une bonne traduction ne peut être produite que par un traducteur seul, lequel travaillerait directement d’une langue étrangère vers sa langue maternelle. En dépit de quelques voix qui se sont fait entendre et qui défendent la traduction indirecte, la traduction de groupe et la traduction vers des langues autres que la langue maternelle, un traducteur biculturel et bilingue travaillant seul reste encore l’idéal prédominant. Cependant, une recherche effectuée sur les traductions de la littérature coréenne en anglais dates, montre que les pratiques de traduction non standard forment une part importante dans l’amorce d’un flux de traduction.
El cómic coreano, el cómic japonés y el cómic chino comparten, entre otras cosas, caracteres (漫畵)... more El cómic coreano, el cómic japonés y el cómic chino comparten, entre otras cosas, caracteres (漫畵) y una creciente presencia en el mercado mundial del cómic, aunque, no nos engañemos, a diferentes niveles. En castellano, a menudo estas palabras no solo representan la nacionalidad de la ilustración sino que también implican una serie de características que provocan que se considere el manhwa (o el manga) como un género en sí mismo. Esta visión dista mucho delsignificado que se le da a la palabra manhwa en Corea.
Revolutionizing Translation Studies: Synthesizing Translation with AI and IT Innovation, 2024
The pervasive integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IT technologies across various aspe... more The pervasive integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IT technologies across various aspects of life are fundamentally reshaping our world, significantly impacting both our daily lives and professional domains. As a result, many professions are undergoing profound transformations particularly with the advent of AI and IT technologies. Professions that successfully adapt to these advancements endure by incorporating innovative approaches. Conversely, ones insisting on being traditional fading into obscurity, becoming relics of the past. From this perspective, the purpose of this collective book is to explore the current state of translation and translation studies considering technological advancements and whether translation can adapt to these changes and persist as a viable profession or face a decline over time. Covering five chapters resulting from extensive research, the book also seeks to bring together academics and industry experts, bridging the gap between academia and the translation industry, and shedding light on the position of translation and translation studies. The first chapter written by international researchers and academics Nune Ayvazyan, Ester Torres Simón, and Prof. Dr. Anthony Pym delves into translation students’ trust in machine translation, focusing on post-editing and its impact on language learning. Dilruba Temuçin, a postgraduate student and researcher, explores the use of AI in localization and its advantages and disadvantages in her chapter, “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Localization: Friends or Foes? Some Insights Regarding AI Utilization in Localization Practices”. In her book chapter titled “A Metalanguage Proposal for Translation Technology” Ass. Prof. Dr. Sinem Canım proposes a meta-language approach to address inconsistencies in translating foreign terms related to translation technology into Turkish. Nilüfer Aksu, a professional localization specialist in the translation industry, provides detailed insights into client-facing localization project management in her chapter “Introduction: Being a Client-Facing Localization Project Manager”. “The Translation Industry in 2024 and beyond: Navigating the AI Era” by Tolga Seçilmiş delves deep into this dynamic landscape, exploring the multifaceted implications of AI integration for translators, localization specialists, and businesses alike. Collectively, these studies make valuable contributions to the literature on the use of AI and IT technologies in translation. The findings obtained from these studies suggest that translation as a profession can endure for those who embrace technology and stay updated on contemporary developments. The chapters also underline the importance of openness to innovation and the potential emergence of new roles in translation with the integration of AI and IT technologies, which facilitate the translation process.
Communication is the basis for human societies. Contact between communities are the
basis for tr... more Communication is the basis for human societies. Contact between communities are the
basis for translation. Whether by conflict or cooperation, translation has been involved
in the evolution of societies and it has evolved with them.
Translation has an effect on the relationships between peoples, between people and
power and between power and people. This volume looks into the role of translators in
different historical contexts focusing on how their work affected their surroundings on
how the context surrounding them affected their work.
From that basis, it offers different perspectives on and approaches to similar topics and
situations in different countries and cultures through the work on young scholars who
look at different situations with new perspectives.
Part one looks at early contacts between peoples. First contacts were often made with
the purpose of spreading religion. Their practice and their relevance through history
help highlighting the changes around them.
Part two analyzes translation outputs in conflicting situations. The range of contexts
allows the isolation of variables that come into play in contexts of power differences
between peoples. The reader has the option to compare similarities and differences:
“What is translated? Who does it? Why?” are questions tackled in these papers.
Part three moves into a contemporary context in which the rise of mass media and
knowledge of other countries - allies or enemies - become crucial for development. The
retrieval and distribution of information becomes an institutional matter, even taking
into account the rise of English as a lingua franca. The role of the actors that provide the
circulation of knowledge in institutions, media and academia is analyzed at all levels.
And behind all these translations, there are translators: translators who leave their
imprint in literary contexts. As a concluding chapter, the last article focuses on
plagiarism as continuation -- as the voice of the translations that echo back in our
memories more often that we think.
The papers collected in this volume were presented at the 2013 Conference: New
Research in Translation and Intercultural Studies and are arranged in chronological
order, extending from 16th-century Mexico to 21st-century Japan.
This volume presents texts from the graduate conference New Research in Translation and Interpret... more This volume presents texts from the graduate conference New Research in Translation and Interpreting Studies held in Tarragona in 2013.
This research looks into literary translations from Korean into English right after the Korean Wa... more This research looks into literary translations from Korean into English right after the Korean War (1951 to 1975), comparing them to the translations published in the later years of truce and development (1976 to 2000). The aim is to discern to what extent a historical situation of interest in another culture rises in parallel to the demand for literary translations from that culture. The comparison shows no direct correlation between one and the other, suggesting that the translation flows have a logic on its own. However, several relations are displayed. The more volumes in the flow and the longer the cultural exchange, the wider the availability of agents (translators, editors, publishers), and the more specialized they become. The presentation discourses also specialize, becoming more target-oriented. As the flow grew, Korean literature was presented in more specific terms; translation and translators lost visibility; and the commercial aim becomes more noticeable.
This research analyzed how translation is approached in Wikipedia. It covers the 93 languages of ... more This research analyzed how translation is approached in Wikipedia. It covers the 93 languages of Wikipedia that have an entry for this concept, out of possible 293 languages. It looks at size, activity and images of translation, as well as main topics in all articles and keywords in small-sized articles.
Desde el primer contacto hispano-coreano allá por el 1593, el intercambio entre ambos países ha s... more Desde el primer contacto hispano-coreano allá por el 1593, el intercambio entre ambos países ha sido intermitente, con un reciente pico de interés recíproco en temas culturales y lingüísticos. Esto se traduce en un aumento de los estudios sobre Corea en España y una mayor publicación de traducciones del coreano en lengua española. Sin embargo, este auge en traducciones y publicaciones no se plasma en un mayor conocimiento o difusión de la literatura coreana. Parte del problema radica en las dificultades de acceso a esta literatura coreana en traducción.
Para mostrar el alcance del problema, los retos a salvar en la fase de distribución al lector, e intentar ofrecer posibles soluciones, hemos realizado un estudio de caso sobre las facilidades y/o dificultades que encontraría un lector medio en conseguir libros de literatura coreana traducida.
En este estudio, se ha partido de la base que un lector barcelonés desarrolla un interés por Corea y decide adquirir un libro de literatura coreana en una de las diez librerías con mayor índice de ventas de la Ciudad Condal (Abacus, Alibri, Altaïr, Casa del Libro/Bertrand, El Corte Inglés, FNAC, Happy Books, La Central, LAIE, Librería Catalonia). Se analizan las recomendaciones que recibe tanto a nivel virtual como físico, realizando búsquedas en los catálogos virtuales y accediendo a las librerías. En las librerías, se valora tanto la presencia de literatura coreana en lugares preferentes del comercio, como su posible clasificación como género (“literatura coreana”), así como las recomendaciones y/o conocimiento del dependiente.
Concluimos con una valoración de los resultados y apuntamos a posibles soluciones a las dificultades halladas.
In the introduction to Paratexts, Thresholds of Interpretation (1977), Gerard Genette warns the r... more In the introduction to Paratexts, Thresholds of Interpretation (1977), Gerard Genette warns the reader that not all types of paratexts are covered, among them, translator’s notes. It is not uncommon, though, that publishers command the translator with further responsibility in the introduction of a literary work by means of writing introductions, prefaces, synopsis or biographies of the author. The bicultural knowledge of the translator and their focus when translating the work can often arise in these paratexts. However, to what extent does the style of the translator intervene in the composition of the paratexts?
In order to isolate the individuality of the translator, we will look at the 20 works included in the series “Korean Literary Works” by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. The collection is a gathering of translations previously published in UNESCO’s Korea Journal and presented simultaneously in South Korean and the United States during the 1980s. The service promised by this series was an introduction of Korean literature to the English-language audience by the hand of well-recognized Korean-English translators.
We will analyze the paratexts (covers, preface, introduction and biographical notes) in terms of location (“where?”), situation of communication (“from whom to whom?”), functions that the message aims to fulfill (“to do what?”). Working with the same series will provide the possibility to avoid the variables related to the imposition of the publishers (which is assumed to be regulated within a collection in terms of common guidelines and common objectives by a common editor). In these conditions we still expect to be able to outline certain characteristics which will differentiate a personal stamp in the paratexts written by different translators.
Undergraduate research carried for the fulfilment of "Introduction to Sociological Research" duri... more Undergraduate research carried for the fulfilment of "Introduction to Sociological Research" during an exchange program in Kansai Gaidai University (1999-2000)
Dear colleague, We would like to invite you to take part in our survey-based research for transla... more Dear colleague, We would like to invite you to take part in our survey-based research for translator and interpreter trainers. The purpose of this research is to check if and how indirect translation (translation of translation) is incorporated into translator and interpreter training. The survey takes around 5 minutes to complete and will close on 7 July 2019.
The European Masters in Translation is a network of programs selected because they meet quality s... more The European Masters in Translation is a network of programs selected because they meet quality standards for translator training. An analysis of 67 programs (from 61 universities located in 21 countries) describes how those standards inform actual curricula. The analysis compares the various admission requirements, hands-on language-specific translation classes, courses on the translation profession, internships, and the status accorded to translation theory and research. It is found that there is significant variation between the programs for most of these factors, and a very significant presence of elements that might seem not to be in tune with the strict philosophy of training professionals for a market. In particular, some programs oblige students to do very little language-specific translation practice or internships, which suggests that it is possible to legitimize a Masters in translation in which little controlled translating has to be done.
Survey on indirect translation in training: Preliminary results, 2019
Preliminary results of our survey on indirect translation in translator and interpreter available... more Preliminary results of our survey on indirect translation in translator and interpreter available here. Most trainers have a positive attitude towards translating indirectly but not as many are using it in class. Warm thanks to our 256 respondents worldwide! (Full results to be published soon)
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Papers by Ester Torres-Simon
percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid 20s). These figures
indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational backgrounds. Asked about
desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship
where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there
need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.
Palavras-chave: estudiosos da tradução; relação entre pesquisa-atuação prática; tradução profissional; sociologia de pesquisa.
This paper looks into the main activities of the translators of Korean literature in English published or distributed in the United States after the Korean War (1950) and
until the end of the century (2000). By looking at the main activities of literary
translators throughout these 50 years, we aim to draw a picture of the translation scene.
The main activity of translators might hint at their reasons to go into translation and might indicate their connections to Korean literature.
percent were not engaged in translation and interpreting in their mid 20s). These figures
indicate that translation scholars not only have considerable practical experience of translation but also come from a wide range of occupational backgrounds. Asked about
desirable relations between scholarly work and professional practice, respondents indicated benefits for both sides (although a slight majority stressed a unidirectional relationship
where scholarly work benefits from professional practice), and teaching is often indicated as the link between the two. However, about a quarter of the scholars indicated that there
need not be a relationship between scholarship and professional practice.
Palavras-chave: estudiosos da tradução; relação entre pesquisa-atuação prática; tradução profissional; sociologia de pesquisa.
This paper looks into the main activities of the translators of Korean literature in English published or distributed in the United States after the Korean War (1950) and
until the end of the century (2000). By looking at the main activities of literary
translators throughout these 50 years, we aim to draw a picture of the translation scene.
The main activity of translators might hint at their reasons to go into translation and might indicate their connections to Korean literature.
significantly impacting both our daily lives and professional domains. As a
result, many professions are undergoing profound transformations particularly with the advent of AI and IT technologies. Professions that successfully
adapt to these advancements endure by incorporating innovative approaches.
Conversely, ones insisting on being traditional fading into obscurity, becoming relics of the past.
From this perspective, the purpose of this collective book is to explore
the current state of translation and translation studies considering technological advancements and whether translation can adapt to these changes
and persist as a viable profession or face a decline over time. Covering five
chapters resulting from extensive research, the book also seeks to bring together academics and industry experts, bridging the gap between academia
and the translation industry, and shedding light on the position of translation and translation studies.
The first chapter written by international researchers and academics
Nune Ayvazyan, Ester Torres Simón, and Prof. Dr. Anthony Pym delves into
translation students’ trust in machine translation, focusing on post-editing
and its impact on language learning.
Dilruba Temuçin, a postgraduate student and researcher, explores the
use of AI in localization and its advantages and disadvantages in her chapter, “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Localization: Friends or Foes? Some Insights Regarding AI Utilization in Localization Practices”.
In her book chapter titled “A Metalanguage Proposal for Translation
Technology” Ass. Prof. Dr. Sinem Canım proposes a meta-language approach to address inconsistencies in translating foreign terms related to translation
technology into Turkish.
Nilüfer Aksu, a professional localization specialist in the translation industry, provides detailed insights into client-facing localization project management in her chapter “Introduction: Being a Client-Facing Localization
Project Manager”.
“The Translation Industry in 2024 and beyond: Navigating the AI Era”
by Tolga Seçilmiş delves deep into this dynamic landscape, exploring the
multifaceted implications of AI integration for translators, localization specialists, and businesses alike.
Collectively, these studies make valuable contributions to the literature
on the use of AI and IT technologies in translation. The findings obtained
from these studies suggest that translation as a profession can endure for
those who embrace technology and stay updated on contemporary developments. The chapters also underline the importance of openness to innovation and the potential emergence of new roles in translation with the integration of AI and IT technologies, which facilitate the translation process.
basis for translation. Whether by conflict or cooperation, translation has been involved
in the evolution of societies and it has evolved with them.
Translation has an effect on the relationships between peoples, between people and
power and between power and people. This volume looks into the role of translators in
different historical contexts focusing on how their work affected their surroundings on
how the context surrounding them affected their work.
From that basis, it offers different perspectives on and approaches to similar topics and
situations in different countries and cultures through the work on young scholars who
look at different situations with new perspectives.
Part one looks at early contacts between peoples. First contacts were often made with
the purpose of spreading religion. Their practice and their relevance through history
help highlighting the changes around them.
Part two analyzes translation outputs in conflicting situations. The range of contexts
allows the isolation of variables that come into play in contexts of power differences
between peoples. The reader has the option to compare similarities and differences:
“What is translated? Who does it? Why?” are questions tackled in these papers.
Part three moves into a contemporary context in which the rise of mass media and
knowledge of other countries - allies or enemies - become crucial for development. The
retrieval and distribution of information becomes an institutional matter, even taking
into account the rise of English as a lingua franca. The role of the actors that provide the
circulation of knowledge in institutions, media and academia is analyzed at all levels.
And behind all these translations, there are translators: translators who leave their
imprint in literary contexts. As a concluding chapter, the last article focuses on
plagiarism as continuation -- as the voice of the translations that echo back in our
memories more often that we think.
The papers collected in this volume were presented at the 2013 Conference: New
Research in Translation and Intercultural Studies and are arranged in chronological
order, extending from 16th-century Mexico to 21st-century Japan.
Para mostrar el alcance del problema, los retos a salvar en la fase de distribución al lector, e intentar ofrecer posibles soluciones, hemos realizado un estudio de caso sobre las facilidades y/o dificultades que encontraría un lector medio en conseguir libros de literatura coreana traducida.
En este estudio, se ha partido de la base que un lector barcelonés desarrolla un interés por Corea y decide adquirir un libro de literatura coreana en una de las diez librerías con mayor índice de ventas de la Ciudad Condal (Abacus, Alibri, Altaïr, Casa del Libro/Bertrand, El Corte Inglés, FNAC, Happy Books, La Central, LAIE, Librería Catalonia). Se analizan las recomendaciones que recibe tanto a nivel virtual como físico, realizando búsquedas en los catálogos virtuales y accediendo a las librerías. En las librerías, se valora tanto la presencia de literatura coreana en lugares preferentes del comercio, como su posible clasificación como género (“literatura coreana”), así como las recomendaciones y/o conocimiento del dependiente.
Concluimos con una valoración de los resultados y apuntamos a posibles soluciones a las dificultades halladas.
In order to isolate the individuality of the translator, we will look at the 20 works included in the series “Korean Literary Works” by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. The collection is a gathering of translations previously published in UNESCO’s Korea Journal and presented simultaneously in South Korean and the United States during the 1980s. The service promised by this series was an introduction of Korean literature to the English-language audience by the hand of well-recognized Korean-English translators.
We will analyze the paratexts (covers, preface, introduction and biographical notes) in terms of location (“where?”), situation of communication (“from whom to whom?”), functions that the message aims to fulfill (“to do what?”). Working with the same series will provide the possibility to avoid the variables related to the imposition of the publishers (which is assumed to be regulated within a collection in terms of common guidelines and common objectives by a common editor). In these conditions we still expect to be able to outline certain characteristics which will differentiate a personal stamp in the paratexts written by different translators.