Durch neue Entdeckungen von Gräbern hat sich in den letzten Jahren die archäologische Landschaft ... more Durch neue Entdeckungen von Gräbern hat sich in den letzten Jahren die archäologische Landschaft im Zentrum der Iberischen Halbinsel verändert. Eine wichtige Rolle spielen dabei die bereits vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnisse der ersten Felskammergrab-Nekropole, Valle de las Higueras, die auf der Süd-Meseta systematisch ausgegraben wurde. Drei wichtige Merkmale dieser Nekropole werden mit anderen Fundstellen verglichen: das Vorhandensein organisierter Friedhöfe, ihre strukturelle Vielfalt in Form von Erdgräbern und Hypogäen sowie die Bedeutung der absoluten Chronologie. Dadurch verliert das bisher verwendete, streng gegliederte, Klassifikationssystem seinen Wert. Die Gräber des 3. Jts. v. Chr. liefern für das Zentrum der Iberischen Halbinsel interessante Ansätze zur künftigen Bewertung der Bedeutung der Bevölkerungsentwicklung für die jeweiligen Gemeinschaften.The emergence of funerary finds on the inside of Iberian Peninsula in the last years, shows a new scene to add up to the information the Higuera’s Valley site has provided. This is the first necropolis of artificial caves that has been systematically excavated in the South Plateau. We compared three of the notorious and highly topical aspects over the necropolis: the existence of organized cemeteries, the architectural/structural variety of the graves and the importance of absolute chronology as element to refute a record, nowadays classified into useless inflexible divisions. Furthermore, funerary record of the third Millennium B.C. shows interesting prospects to value the demography of his communities in the future.La eclosión de hallazgos funerarios de los últimos años en las tierras del interior peninsular muestra un panorama nuevo que sumar a la información proporcionada por el yacimiento de Valle de las Higueras, la primera necrópolis de cuevas artificiales excavada sistemáticamente en la Meseta Sur. Comparamos tres aspectos patentes en la necrópolis y hoy de plena actualidad: la existencia de cementerios organizados, su variedad estructural, con fosas e hipogeos, y la importancia de la cronología absoluta como elemento para rebatir un registro hasta el momento encasillado en rígidas divisiones sin validez. El registro funerario del III milenio a. C. en el interior presenta interesantes expectativas para valorar en un futuro el peso demográfico de sus comunidades
El estudio de dos tumbas campaniformes de la provincia de Toledo se establece como punto de parti... more El estudio de dos tumbas campaniformes de la provincia de Toledo se establece como punto de partida para valorar el conjunto de los enterramientos peninsulares de mujeres y la existencia de comportamientos identificativos de sexo. La mujer forma parte de los enterramientos campaniformes y toda la variedad de construcciones, asociaciones y rituales característicos del momento. Los ajuares asociados a ellas muestran heterogeneidad y manifiestan su relevancia social e integración dentro de la sociedad. Es esa socialización la que realmente sitúa los enterramientos femeninos en la misma categoría social que el resto de la población asociada a campaniforme. Que uno de los enterramientos corresponda a una gestante nos permite reflexionar sobre la importancia de la maternidad en el III milenio a.C. y su causalidad en la muerte de mujeres en el pasado.
A map is a communication way in which the message, related to spatial information, is transmitted... more A map is a communication way in which the message, related to spatial information, is transmitted through a visual and a written language. Far from being an exclusively geographic tool, it is the graphic and symbolic representation of a reality of which a planimetric knowledge is known. Therefore, nature can be mapped at all levels and the information on the anatomy of extant and extinct organisms is no exception. Along the history, anatomy has been mapped at the macroscopic and microscopic level. Regarding the cartography of the macroanatomy, a map must be express in a standardized language style. It means that anatomical maps, like other types of maps, have a specific reference language which has been reached by international consensus. This language was standardized in anatomical cartography after the Modern Age, and the research possibilities of the macroanatomy diversified. On the one hand, the classic sketch of the anatomy, of a more artistic type and reflecting in many cases ...
Despues de casi 20 anos de actividad en comun, tal vez vaya siendo hora de hacer un pequeno balan... more Despues de casi 20 anos de actividad en comun, tal vez vaya siendo hora de hacer un pequeno balance de la produccion conjunta de los participantes en las reuniones y congresos de la Asociacion Espanola de Paleopatologia (AEP). Algunas preguntas a las que queriamos dar respuesta en este trabajo, entre otras, son las siguientes: ?quienes somos?, ?cual es nuestra formacion?, ?que estamos investigando? ?como lo publicamos? En esta comw1icacion presentamos las caracteristicas principales, tanto de los investigadores que han participado en las convocatorias de la AEP, como de sus trabajos y aportaciones a la literatura paleopatologica.
espanolLa oportunidad de retomar el estudio del dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes, Guadalajara, a... more espanolLa oportunidad de retomar el estudio del dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes, Guadalajara, a partir de los materiales conservados en el MAN y de recientes trabajos de campo, ofrece un resultado positivo. Podemos aportar el conocimiento de fuentes de aprovisionamiento, una fecha C14 obtenida de un craneo recientemente documentado en la reestructuracion del MAN, y una nueva lectura de posibles refacturas del monumento. EnglishPositive results have been obtained from resuming the study of the dolmen of El Portillo de las Cortes (Guadalajara, Spain) taking into account materials that are nowadays kept in the MAN (Museo Arqueologico Nacional) as well as recent fieldwork. We hereby present a new C14 date obtained from a recently found and documented skull from the MAN, and new perspectives about possible ancient interventions to rebuild the monument and about supply sources for the community that erected it.
Due to the effects of fire on bones, macroscopic observations of burned human remains are often i... more Due to the effects of fire on bones, macroscopic observations of burned human remains are often insufficient to completely characterize an individual (age and sex determination). Herein we explore microstructure of bone fragments recovered in a funerary urn from the 1st millennium BC at Lagunita I archaeological site (Cáceres, Spain) in an attempt to determine if histomorphological analysis could complement macroscopic observation in anthropological study. Although histological analysis is a destructive technique, analyses making use of thin-sections has permitted us to unveil different stages of alteration in two pieces of the same bone despite both appearing to have similar major macroscopic alterations due to high temperatures reached by the fire (over 900 °C in some areas). Furthermore, the mid-shaft fragment suggested that the remains belonged to a young individual (between 12 and 20 years old). In light of the results, we conclude that bone histology could support and enhance inferences made from macroscopic observations improving the analysis of archaeological cremated remains.
OBJETIVO Se presentan los datos preliminares relativos al cambio histomorfologico de tres craneos... more OBJETIVO Se presentan los datos preliminares relativos al cambio histomorfologico de tres craneos de procedencia arqueologica, correspondientes a diferentes grupos de edad, con el objetivo de analizar la variacion existente entre los huesos durante la ontogenia. MATERIAL Y METODOS Se han extraido de cada craneo bloques de las secciones medias de tres huesos intramenbranosos (frontal, parietal y occipital) para la realizacion de laminas delgadas y su observacion histologica mediante microscopia de luz polarizada. Tras fotografiar las secciones completas, se han descrito los tipos de tejidos, cuantificando la distribucion espacial de la vascularizacion, de la matriz mineralizada y de la extension de los distintos tipos de tejidos, realizando a su vez mediciones de los grosores de las secciones. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existen diferencias en la distribucion de los tejidos y estructuras histologicas entre las muestras analizadas, que implican patrones distintos ...
Durch neue Entdeckungen von Gräbern hat sich in den letzten Jahren die archäologische Landschaft ... more Durch neue Entdeckungen von Gräbern hat sich in den letzten Jahren die archäologische Landschaft im Zentrum der Iberischen Halbinsel verändert. Eine wichtige Rolle spielen dabei die bereits vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnisse der ersten Felskammergrab-Nekropole, Valle de las Higueras, die auf der Süd-Meseta systematisch ausgegraben wurde. Drei wichtige Merkmale dieser Nekropole werden mit anderen Fundstellen verglichen: das Vorhandensein organisierter Friedhöfe, ihre strukturelle Vielfalt in Form von Erdgräbern und Hypogäen sowie die Bedeutung der absoluten Chronologie. Dadurch verliert das bisher verwendete, streng gegliederte, Klassifikationssystem seinen Wert. Die Gräber des 3. Jts. v. Chr. liefern für das Zentrum der Iberischen Halbinsel interessante Ansätze zur künftigen Bewertung der Bedeutung der Bevölkerungsentwicklung für die jeweiligen Gemeinschaften.The emergence of funerary finds on the inside of Iberian Peninsula in the last years, shows a new scene to add up to the information the Higuera’s Valley site has provided. This is the first necropolis of artificial caves that has been systematically excavated in the South Plateau. We compared three of the notorious and highly topical aspects over the necropolis: the existence of organized cemeteries, the architectural/structural variety of the graves and the importance of absolute chronology as element to refute a record, nowadays classified into useless inflexible divisions. Furthermore, funerary record of the third Millennium B.C. shows interesting prospects to value the demography of his communities in the future.La eclosión de hallazgos funerarios de los últimos años en las tierras del interior peninsular muestra un panorama nuevo que sumar a la información proporcionada por el yacimiento de Valle de las Higueras, la primera necrópolis de cuevas artificiales excavada sistemáticamente en la Meseta Sur. Comparamos tres aspectos patentes en la necrópolis y hoy de plena actualidad: la existencia de cementerios organizados, su variedad estructural, con fosas e hipogeos, y la importancia de la cronología absoluta como elemento para rebatir un registro hasta el momento encasillado en rígidas divisiones sin validez. El registro funerario del III milenio a. C. en el interior presenta interesantes expectativas para valorar en un futuro el peso demográfico de sus comunidades
El estudio de dos tumbas campaniformes de la provincia de Toledo se establece como punto de parti... more El estudio de dos tumbas campaniformes de la provincia de Toledo se establece como punto de partida para valorar el conjunto de los enterramientos peninsulares de mujeres y la existencia de comportamientos identificativos de sexo. La mujer forma parte de los enterramientos campaniformes y toda la variedad de construcciones, asociaciones y rituales característicos del momento. Los ajuares asociados a ellas muestran heterogeneidad y manifiestan su relevancia social e integración dentro de la sociedad. Es esa socialización la que realmente sitúa los enterramientos femeninos en la misma categoría social que el resto de la población asociada a campaniforme. Que uno de los enterramientos corresponda a una gestante nos permite reflexionar sobre la importancia de la maternidad en el III milenio a.C. y su causalidad en la muerte de mujeres en el pasado.
A map is a communication way in which the message, related to spatial information, is transmitted... more A map is a communication way in which the message, related to spatial information, is transmitted through a visual and a written language. Far from being an exclusively geographic tool, it is the graphic and symbolic representation of a reality of which a planimetric knowledge is known. Therefore, nature can be mapped at all levels and the information on the anatomy of extant and extinct organisms is no exception. Along the history, anatomy has been mapped at the macroscopic and microscopic level. Regarding the cartography of the macroanatomy, a map must be express in a standardized language style. It means that anatomical maps, like other types of maps, have a specific reference language which has been reached by international consensus. This language was standardized in anatomical cartography after the Modern Age, and the research possibilities of the macroanatomy diversified. On the one hand, the classic sketch of the anatomy, of a more artistic type and reflecting in many cases ...
Despues de casi 20 anos de actividad en comun, tal vez vaya siendo hora de hacer un pequeno balan... more Despues de casi 20 anos de actividad en comun, tal vez vaya siendo hora de hacer un pequeno balance de la produccion conjunta de los participantes en las reuniones y congresos de la Asociacion Espanola de Paleopatologia (AEP). Algunas preguntas a las que queriamos dar respuesta en este trabajo, entre otras, son las siguientes: ?quienes somos?, ?cual es nuestra formacion?, ?que estamos investigando? ?como lo publicamos? En esta comw1icacion presentamos las caracteristicas principales, tanto de los investigadores que han participado en las convocatorias de la AEP, como de sus trabajos y aportaciones a la literatura paleopatologica.
espanolLa oportunidad de retomar el estudio del dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes, Guadalajara, a... more espanolLa oportunidad de retomar el estudio del dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes, Guadalajara, a partir de los materiales conservados en el MAN y de recientes trabajos de campo, ofrece un resultado positivo. Podemos aportar el conocimiento de fuentes de aprovisionamiento, una fecha C14 obtenida de un craneo recientemente documentado en la reestructuracion del MAN, y una nueva lectura de posibles refacturas del monumento. EnglishPositive results have been obtained from resuming the study of the dolmen of El Portillo de las Cortes (Guadalajara, Spain) taking into account materials that are nowadays kept in the MAN (Museo Arqueologico Nacional) as well as recent fieldwork. We hereby present a new C14 date obtained from a recently found and documented skull from the MAN, and new perspectives about possible ancient interventions to rebuild the monument and about supply sources for the community that erected it.
Due to the effects of fire on bones, macroscopic observations of burned human remains are often i... more Due to the effects of fire on bones, macroscopic observations of burned human remains are often insufficient to completely characterize an individual (age and sex determination). Herein we explore microstructure of bone fragments recovered in a funerary urn from the 1st millennium BC at Lagunita I archaeological site (Cáceres, Spain) in an attempt to determine if histomorphological analysis could complement macroscopic observation in anthropological study. Although histological analysis is a destructive technique, analyses making use of thin-sections has permitted us to unveil different stages of alteration in two pieces of the same bone despite both appearing to have similar major macroscopic alterations due to high temperatures reached by the fire (over 900 °C in some areas). Furthermore, the mid-shaft fragment suggested that the remains belonged to a young individual (between 12 and 20 years old). In light of the results, we conclude that bone histology could support and enhance inferences made from macroscopic observations improving the analysis of archaeological cremated remains.
OBJETIVO Se presentan los datos preliminares relativos al cambio histomorfologico de tres craneos... more OBJETIVO Se presentan los datos preliminares relativos al cambio histomorfologico de tres craneos de procedencia arqueologica, correspondientes a diferentes grupos de edad, con el objetivo de analizar la variacion existente entre los huesos durante la ontogenia. MATERIAL Y METODOS Se han extraido de cada craneo bloques de las secciones medias de tres huesos intramenbranosos (frontal, parietal y occipital) para la realizacion de laminas delgadas y su observacion histologica mediante microscopia de luz polarizada. Tras fotografiar las secciones completas, se han descrito los tipos de tejidos, cuantificando la distribucion espacial de la vascularizacion, de la matriz mineralizada y de la extension de los distintos tipos de tejidos, realizando a su vez mediciones de los grosores de las secciones. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existen diferencias en la distribucion de los tejidos y estructuras histologicas entre las muestras analizadas, que implican patrones distintos ...
En el presente artículo se analizan restos humanos y arqueológicos del yacimiento del cerro de La... more En el presente artículo se analizan restos humanos y arqueológicos del yacimiento del cerro de La Encantada (Granátula de Calatrava, Ciudad Real) con el objetivo de comprender ciertos aspectos sobre la estructura social del Bronce de La Mancha a través de un análisis multidisciplinar. El examen de los marcadores de actividad física, la antropometría, además de una primera valoración de la relación con los ajuares funerarios, intenta desvelar una nueva visión sobre la organización social y económica de La Mancha entre el 2200 y el 1300 cal BC.
In this paper, archaeological and anthropological remains from cerro de La Encantada (Granátula de Calatrava, Ciudad Real) are analyzed in order to understand aspects about the communities of La Mancha Bronze Age though a multidisciplinary approach. Analysis of markers of physical activity, anthropometry, and a first view on grave goods associated will provide a picture about social and economic structure of La Mancha Bronze Age between 2200 and 1300 cal BC.
The theme of death as historiographical subject has a long history. However, the project presente... more The theme of death as historiographical subject has a long history. However, the project presented here tries, on the one hand, to focus their objectives on very specific perspectives that are linked to a matter of absolute actuality in the field of humanities research, the construction of power. From that perspective, it aims to analyze the use of the death as an instrument of power and representation by the dominant elites in society and in the articulation of collective political and cultural values. It also aims to orientate from a line of clear interdisciplinary work (history, art, literacy, philosophy, music, epigraphy, codicology, anthropology ect.), that can build a broader interpretive prism and deeper analysis. The monarchy at the head, the lens extends to the most conspicuous representatives of high secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy -nobles, urban patricians, prelates. The inevitability of death does not seem to be an impediment to the development of control mechanisms and ideological development of political and social power. By contrast, the ruling elites are able to build a speech and patterns of representation and permanent or temporary about death aimed at strengthening these instruments and turn them into models of continuity and transformation interested propaganda. From the good die preparation to the ritualization and complexity of specific liturgies and ceremonies, construction of buildings and pantheons or the translation of literary and historiographical values and instantiations, the prince's death, understood in the sense that historiography gives this term applied to the Middle Ages, much more comprehensive than the current sense, it points more towards continuity and progress than the breaking in the construction of power. The topic allows an analysis from very different points of view and using very diverse sources along with different methodologies of investigation. However, in this first investigation period it has been prefered – in order to do it more approachable- to limit it in time and space, without trying to analyze every possible angle. In time, this period starts with the so called “gregorian reform”, its repercusion and ideological, political and cultural scope are well known. It ends with the affirmation of the monarchic powers and a new structure of the power relations during the fifteenth century. In space, it focuses on the territory that in great meassure, is used as a reference during these processes, France, and in the hispanic kingdoms for a better appreciation of the possible relations with its ultrapyrenean neighbour and among each other. The complexity of information sources, from diplomas to the accounting information, from large to smaller architectural pieces sumptuary works with sculptural, pictorial or musical, and of course, literary and thought works, chronic prepared or ceremonial pieces also require a multidisciplinary methodological approach, from which to establish comparative analysis from the various areas of knowledge and over time and space.
International Colloquium, october 16-19, 2019. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and EHEHI-Casa de V... more International Colloquium, october 16-19, 2019. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and EHEHI-Casa de Velázquez
El yacimiento arqueológico de Los Hitos (Arisgotas -Orgaz-, Toledo) es un importante complejo rur... more El yacimiento arqueológico de Los Hitos (Arisgotas -Orgaz-, Toledo) es un importante complejo rural y sacro relacionado con las élites tardoantiguas de la capital de Toledo. Los registros arqueológicos y documentales revelan el proceso de monumentalización de Toledo y su territorio a lo largo del siglo VII, y permiten comprender el colapso del modelo territorial romano basado en uillae (p.e. Carranque), y su sustitución por un modelo visigodo genuino en el cual los complejos monásticos, sacros y funerarios, caso de Los Hitos, constituyeron nuevos referentes en la ordenación del territorio. La arquitectura documentada en este espacio es especialmente valiosa en este sentido y contexto y, en consecuencia, sirvió para transformar la imagen de las ciudades, territorios y paisajes ligados a los reyes, aristocracias y a las elites religiosas.
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Papers by Armando González Martín
In this paper, archaeological and anthropological remains from cerro de La Encantada (Granátula de Calatrava, Ciudad Real) are analyzed in order to understand aspects about the communities of La Mancha Bronze Age though a multidisciplinary approach. Analysis of markers of physical activity, anthropometry, and a first view on grave goods associated will provide a picture about social and economic structure of La Mancha Bronze Age between 2200 and 1300 cal BC.
The monarchy at the head, the lens extends to the most conspicuous representatives of high secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy -nobles, urban patricians, prelates. The inevitability of death does not seem to be an impediment to the development of control mechanisms and ideological development of political and social power. By contrast, the ruling elites are able to build a speech and patterns of representation and permanent or temporary about death aimed at strengthening these instruments and turn them into models of continuity and transformation interested propaganda. From the good die preparation to the ritualization and complexity of specific liturgies and ceremonies, construction of buildings and pantheons or the translation of literary and historiographical values and instantiations, the prince's death, understood in the sense that historiography gives this term applied to the Middle Ages, much more comprehensive than the current sense, it points more towards continuity and progress than the breaking in the construction of power.
The topic allows an analysis from very different points of view and using very diverse sources along with different methodologies of investigation. However, in this first investigation period it has been prefered – in order to do it more approachable- to limit it in time and space, without trying to analyze every possible angle. In time, this period starts with the so called “gregorian reform”, its repercusion and ideological, political and cultural scope are well known. It ends with the affirmation of the monarchic powers and a new structure of the power relations during the fifteenth century. In space, it focuses on the territory that in great meassure, is used as a reference during these processes, France, and in the hispanic kingdoms for a better appreciation of the possible relations with its ultrapyrenean neighbour and among each other.
The complexity of information sources, from diplomas to the accounting information, from large to smaller architectural pieces sumptuary works with sculptural, pictorial or musical, and of course, literary and thought works, chronic prepared or ceremonial pieces also require a multidisciplinary methodological approach, from which to establish comparative analysis from the various areas of knowledge and over time and space.