RESUMEN: En abril de 2008, en medio de las perturbaciones internacionales de la crisis inmobiliar... more RESUMEN: En abril de 2008, en medio de las perturbaciones internacionales de la crisis inmobiliaria de los EE.UU., la agencia de evaluación de riesgo Standard & Poors elevó la nota de la deuda externa brasileña para el grado de inversión. Esa nueva situación aproximó a Brasil a otras economías emergentes que ya disponían de este estatus de grado de inversión. Además, ha repercutido en los medios académicos, políticos y mediáticos como la confirmación de que, finalmente, el «gigante durmiente» de América del Sur habría despertado de un largo periodo de semiestancamiento, de problemas de solvencia externa y fiscal y, finalmente, de una debilidad institucional en el cumplimiento de compromisos financieros externos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las perspectivas de la economía brasileña, considerando este cambio de percepción de la comunidad financiera internacional. El punto de partida es la reciente economía política del desarrollo brasileño, buscando evaluar en qué medida...
La politica exterior brasilena empieza a ver los resultados de su largo apoyo al multilateralismo... more La politica exterior brasilena empieza a ver los resultados de su largo apoyo al multilateralismo y a los instrumentos de integracion en Suramerica. Miembro de los llamados BRIC �Brasil, Rusia, India y China� el pais reclama un papel internacional acorde al peso de su economia. Los recientes episodios de inestabilidad politica en diversos paises suramericanos derivados, en parte, de la llegada al poder de presidentes de gobiernos con proyectos nada ortodoxos de �refundacion del pais�, han reforzado esta vision del papel de Brasil como posible lider regional.
... Información General. Autores: Santos Miguel Ruesga Benito ( dir. ), Julimar da Silva Bichara ... more ... Información General. Autores: Santos Miguel Ruesga Benito ( dir. ), Julimar da Silva Bichara ( coord. ), José Manuel Fernández Polanco ( coord. ); Editores: Ediciones Mundi-Prensa; Año de publicación: 2005; País: España; Idioma: Español; ISBN : 8484762572 84-8476-257-2. ...
In the aftermath of 1997-98 financial crises the asian countries initiated a more ambitious proce... more In the aftermath of 1997-98 financial crises the asian countries initiated a more ambitious process of economic and institutional coordination. In a long term scenario that movement opens a new perspective: the emulation of European integration process, culminating with the creation of a common currency. In this paper we explore the recent effort of financial cooperation between asian economies. Using the optimum currency areas approach why try to identify some opportunities and limits for monetary integration in the asian case. We replicate this exercise to the Mercosur's major partners. We assume that any integration process is political in essence. So our empirical results are nothing but an exploratory exercise. We can't deny the possibility of new advances in the integrationist, because its ultimate determinants were not considered in our empirical treatment.
El proceso de integracion del subcontinente latinoamericano, ha seguido un enfoque evolutivo, con... more El proceso de integracion del subcontinente latinoamericano, ha seguido un enfoque evolutivo, con sus inicios en la Asociacion Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio (ALALC/LAFTA), creada en 1960 para casi una veintena de paises hispano y lusoparlantes. Pero el fracaso total de esa zona de intercambio, por incumplimiento de los acuerdos siempre a causa de la persistencia de nacionalismos proteccionistas, se remodelo la idea original; para configurar, en 1970, un proyecto menos ambicioso: el Area Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI), tambien de poco exito. Dos fracasos de los cuales derivo el intento del Mercosur, que comenzo a instrumentarse en 1981 y del que aqui se estudian las principales caracteristicas; en terminos de relaciones comerciales, estructura institucional y coordinacion de politicas macroeconomicas. Un emprendimiento integratorio �en principio asumido por Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay, y luego ampliado con toda una serie de paises asociados de Sudamerica� que pr...
This paper aims at analysing the impacts of China’s rise on Latin American countries, with specia... more This paper aims at analysing the impacts of China’s rise on Latin American countries, with special reference to the Brazilian situation and using an International Political Economic approach. The literature on the topic has stressed the emergence of an asymmetric pattern of relation, where the region would be trapped in a less dynamic status of producer and exporter of raw materials, and also on the possibility of export displacement due to the competition of the manufactured goods’ exports originated in Asia. Ours results suggest that countries with more mature and diversified productive structures, such as Brazil, may face a regressive pattern of production and trade specialisation.
El fenomeno economico de la "dolarizacion" del sistema monetario que estan adoptando pa... more El fenomeno economico de la "dolarizacion" del sistema monetario que estan adoptando paises como Argentina, Ecuador y el Salvador, representa un arreglo que puede traer efectos positivos a corto plazo. Pero, sin embargo, no constituye una solucion para los graves problemas de conflicto distributivo, de desempleo, la pobreza y la desindustrializacion que sufren estos estados desde hace dos decadas.
This work tries to answer a question that is constantly present in both political as well as acad... more This work tries to answer a question that is constantly present in both political as well as academic environments in the European community. It deals with analyzing if the problems of economic insertion in globalization which are occurring in this environment in European Union countries are due fundamentally to the effects of the growing presence in international business of countries paying low wages. For many analysts, with their consequential political interpretation, this illegitimate competition interpreted often as ”salary dumping” and by “social extension” in the economic globalized world, constitutes a threat for the future of community countries; that salaries would be based on processes of industrial deslocalization that has occurred for decades in European countries and in many other situations. The authors summarize principal economic determinants of competition on different levels: micro and macro economics as well as structural in order to concur that the competitive ...
The paper's main objective is to analyze the collective bargaining response in terms of inter... more The paper's main objective is to analyze the collective bargaining response in terms of internal flexibility during the Great Recession (GR) in five EU countries (Spain, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom), and three economic sectors (industry, commerce and hospitality, and financial services and real estate), at the establishment level (ECS2013 database). The theoretical frame-work used is linked to the varieties of unionism. Using a descriptive statistical analysis and a probit model, this paper presents new evidences. However, the responses were heterogeneous between countries and sectors, the use of internal functional flexibility has been more intense than the numerical and salary internal flexibility. Moreover, it is related to the intensity of GR. These results, in general, while requiring a more detailed analysis of the effects of the GR on internal flexibility in the EU countries, contribute to introducing a new perspective in the socioeconomic literature about the ...
O ccupational mobility and its impacts on urban Brazilian workers’ wages are analyzed in this pap... more O ccupational mobility and its impacts on urban Brazilian workers’ wages are analyzed in this paper. Data show high labor mobility in Brazil, especially among workers in the informal sector. The greater mobility of informal workers does not necessarily imply better wage trajectories and, further, workers’ mobility is restricted by labor market segmentation. Differences in upward job movements mean that informal labor receives low wages for longer periods over a working life, leading to important consequences for income differentials in Brazil.
RESUMEN: En abril de 2008, en medio de las perturbaciones internacionales de la crisis inmobiliar... more RESUMEN: En abril de 2008, en medio de las perturbaciones internacionales de la crisis inmobiliaria de los EE.UU., la agencia de evaluación de riesgo Standard & Poors elevó la nota de la deuda externa brasileña para el grado de inversión. Esa nueva situación aproximó a Brasil a otras economías emergentes que ya disponían de este estatus de grado de inversión. Además, ha repercutido en los medios académicos, políticos y mediáticos como la confirmación de que, finalmente, el «gigante durmiente» de América del Sur habría despertado de un largo periodo de semiestancamiento, de problemas de solvencia externa y fiscal y, finalmente, de una debilidad institucional en el cumplimiento de compromisos financieros externos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las perspectivas de la economía brasileña, considerando este cambio de percepción de la comunidad financiera internacional. El punto de partida es la reciente economía política del desarrollo brasileño, buscando evaluar en qué medida...
La politica exterior brasilena empieza a ver los resultados de su largo apoyo al multilateralismo... more La politica exterior brasilena empieza a ver los resultados de su largo apoyo al multilateralismo y a los instrumentos de integracion en Suramerica. Miembro de los llamados BRIC �Brasil, Rusia, India y China� el pais reclama un papel internacional acorde al peso de su economia. Los recientes episodios de inestabilidad politica en diversos paises suramericanos derivados, en parte, de la llegada al poder de presidentes de gobiernos con proyectos nada ortodoxos de �refundacion del pais�, han reforzado esta vision del papel de Brasil como posible lider regional.
... Información General. Autores: Santos Miguel Ruesga Benito ( dir. ), Julimar da Silva Bichara ... more ... Información General. Autores: Santos Miguel Ruesga Benito ( dir. ), Julimar da Silva Bichara ( coord. ), José Manuel Fernández Polanco ( coord. ); Editores: Ediciones Mundi-Prensa; Año de publicación: 2005; País: España; Idioma: Español; ISBN : 8484762572 84-8476-257-2. ...
In the aftermath of 1997-98 financial crises the asian countries initiated a more ambitious proce... more In the aftermath of 1997-98 financial crises the asian countries initiated a more ambitious process of economic and institutional coordination. In a long term scenario that movement opens a new perspective: the emulation of European integration process, culminating with the creation of a common currency. In this paper we explore the recent effort of financial cooperation between asian economies. Using the optimum currency areas approach why try to identify some opportunities and limits for monetary integration in the asian case. We replicate this exercise to the Mercosur's major partners. We assume that any integration process is political in essence. So our empirical results are nothing but an exploratory exercise. We can't deny the possibility of new advances in the integrationist, because its ultimate determinants were not considered in our empirical treatment.
El proceso de integracion del subcontinente latinoamericano, ha seguido un enfoque evolutivo, con... more El proceso de integracion del subcontinente latinoamericano, ha seguido un enfoque evolutivo, con sus inicios en la Asociacion Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio (ALALC/LAFTA), creada en 1960 para casi una veintena de paises hispano y lusoparlantes. Pero el fracaso total de esa zona de intercambio, por incumplimiento de los acuerdos siempre a causa de la persistencia de nacionalismos proteccionistas, se remodelo la idea original; para configurar, en 1970, un proyecto menos ambicioso: el Area Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI), tambien de poco exito. Dos fracasos de los cuales derivo el intento del Mercosur, que comenzo a instrumentarse en 1981 y del que aqui se estudian las principales caracteristicas; en terminos de relaciones comerciales, estructura institucional y coordinacion de politicas macroeconomicas. Un emprendimiento integratorio �en principio asumido por Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay, y luego ampliado con toda una serie de paises asociados de Sudamerica� que pr...
This paper aims at analysing the impacts of China’s rise on Latin American countries, with specia... more This paper aims at analysing the impacts of China’s rise on Latin American countries, with special reference to the Brazilian situation and using an International Political Economic approach. The literature on the topic has stressed the emergence of an asymmetric pattern of relation, where the region would be trapped in a less dynamic status of producer and exporter of raw materials, and also on the possibility of export displacement due to the competition of the manufactured goods’ exports originated in Asia. Ours results suggest that countries with more mature and diversified productive structures, such as Brazil, may face a regressive pattern of production and trade specialisation.
El fenomeno economico de la "dolarizacion" del sistema monetario que estan adoptando pa... more El fenomeno economico de la "dolarizacion" del sistema monetario que estan adoptando paises como Argentina, Ecuador y el Salvador, representa un arreglo que puede traer efectos positivos a corto plazo. Pero, sin embargo, no constituye una solucion para los graves problemas de conflicto distributivo, de desempleo, la pobreza y la desindustrializacion que sufren estos estados desde hace dos decadas.
This work tries to answer a question that is constantly present in both political as well as acad... more This work tries to answer a question that is constantly present in both political as well as academic environments in the European community. It deals with analyzing if the problems of economic insertion in globalization which are occurring in this environment in European Union countries are due fundamentally to the effects of the growing presence in international business of countries paying low wages. For many analysts, with their consequential political interpretation, this illegitimate competition interpreted often as ”salary dumping” and by “social extension” in the economic globalized world, constitutes a threat for the future of community countries; that salaries would be based on processes of industrial deslocalization that has occurred for decades in European countries and in many other situations. The authors summarize principal economic determinants of competition on different levels: micro and macro economics as well as structural in order to concur that the competitive ...
The paper's main objective is to analyze the collective bargaining response in terms of inter... more The paper's main objective is to analyze the collective bargaining response in terms of internal flexibility during the Great Recession (GR) in five EU countries (Spain, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom), and three economic sectors (industry, commerce and hospitality, and financial services and real estate), at the establishment level (ECS2013 database). The theoretical frame-work used is linked to the varieties of unionism. Using a descriptive statistical analysis and a probit model, this paper presents new evidences. However, the responses were heterogeneous between countries and sectors, the use of internal functional flexibility has been more intense than the numerical and salary internal flexibility. Moreover, it is related to the intensity of GR. These results, in general, while requiring a more detailed analysis of the effects of the GR on internal flexibility in the EU countries, contribute to introducing a new perspective in the socioeconomic literature about the ...
O ccupational mobility and its impacts on urban Brazilian workers’ wages are analyzed in this pap... more O ccupational mobility and its impacts on urban Brazilian workers’ wages are analyzed in this paper. Data show high labor mobility in Brazil, especially among workers in the informal sector. The greater mobility of informal workers does not necessarily imply better wage trajectories and, further, workers’ mobility is restricted by labor market segmentation. Differences in upward job movements mean that informal labor receives low wages for longer periods over a working life, leading to important consequences for income differentials in Brazil.
Europe faces the Globalization and the increasing competition in international markets. This requ... more Europe faces the Globalization and the increasing competition in international markets. This requires a greater adaptive capacity of the European economy, involving companies and workers, both together must make efforts to increase its capacity to adapt to the changing economic environment, leading to the development
of flexibility. The aim of this paper is to analyze what elements of internal flexibility are developed in the Spanish collective bargaining. This analysis is divided into two parts: quantitative (econometric analysis of the database of collective agreements)
and qualitative (analysis of a random sample of collective agreements).
Wages are the most important price of an economic system, the labor factor, which defines the sam... more Wages are the most important price of an economic system, the labor factor, which defines the same living conditions of the majority of the population. With few exceptions, in market economies such wages, as well as other working conditions, both essential in the social, political and economic territory are determined largely as a result of the interaction between entrepreneurs and workers in the fruit of a negotiation which, being added, collectively called. Despite the enormous importance of this phenomenon of collective bargaining, which is both economic institution, there is little empirical analyzes that address the totality of it. Remedying this gap is the book's comprehensive proposal that addresses from two analytical and methodological perspective, collective bargaining in Spain, studying in depth and establishing a set of methodological tools to systematize their study in the future.
RESUMEN: En el primer año de gobierno, la administración de Lula implantó una política macroeconó... more RESUMEN: En el primer año de gobierno, la administración de Lula implantó una política macroeconómica caracterizada por una fuerte restricción fiscal y monetaria y por reformas estructurales (tributaria y de la seguridad social) criticadas por el Partido de los Trabajadores y por sus bases de apoyo social en las dos últimas décadas. Teniendo en cuenta estos hechos y la expectativa internacional generada por la elección de un gobierno de «izquierda» en Brasil frente a la crisis del modelo neoliberal en América Latina, este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar: (i) las circunstancias económicas del principio del gobierno Lula que condicionaron la adopción de una «estrategia de transición»; (ii) los resultados de esta estrategia; y (iii) los aspectos de continuidad y cambio en el nuevo gobierno. Son presentadas evidencias empíricas que sostienen que el margen de maniobra de la nueva administración era sensiblemente estrecho como para promover profundos cambios en la conducción de la política económica. Sin embargo, aparte de aquellas restricciones, heredadas del ajuste liberalizante de la década de 1990, el gobierno optó por la adopción de un conjunto de políticas que podrá generar una nueva trampa de bajo crecimiento con inestabilidad macroeconómica, en los términos de lo experimentado en la década pasada.
ABSTRACT: In the first year of government, the administration of Lula implanted a macroeconomic politics characterized by a strong fiscal and monetary restriction and for structural reformations (tributary and of the Social Security) before criticized by the Party of the Workers and for its bases of social support in the last two decades. Keeping in mind these facts and the international expectation generated by the election of a government of left in Brazil in front of the crisis of the neoliberal pattern in Latin America, this article has for objective to analyses: (i) the economic circumstances of the government’s principle Lula that conditioned the adoption of a transition strategy; (ii) the results of this strategy; and (iii) the aspects of continuity and change in the new government. Empiric evidences that sustain that the margin of manoeuvre of the new administration was sensibly narrow as to promote deep changes in the economic politics’s conduction, are presented. However, to part of those restrictions, inherited of the deregulated adjustment of the nineties, the government of Lula opted for the adoption of a group of politicians that will be able to generate a new trap of low growth with macroeconomic uncertainty, in the terms of that experienced in last decade.
MOREIRA CUNHA, A., & DA SILVA BICHARA, J. (2011). Cambio o continuismo: una interpretación de la política económica del gobierno de Lula. AméRica Latina Hoy, 37, 39-61.
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of flexibility. The aim of this paper is to analyze what elements of internal flexibility are developed in the Spanish collective bargaining. This analysis is divided into two parts: quantitative (econometric analysis of the database of collective agreements)
and qualitative (analysis of a random sample of collective agreements).
ABSTRACT: In the first year of government, the administration of Lula implanted a macroeconomic politics characterized by a strong fiscal and monetary restriction and for structural reformations (tributary and of the Social Security) before criticized by the Party of the Workers and for its bases of social support in the last two decades. Keeping in mind these facts and the international expectation generated by the election of a government of left in Brazil in front of the crisis of the neoliberal pattern in Latin America, this article has for objective to analyses: (i) the economic circumstances of the government’s principle Lula that conditioned the adoption of a transition strategy; (ii) the results of this strategy; and (iii) the aspects of continuity and change in the new government. Empiric evidences that sustain that the margin of manoeuvre of the new administration was sensibly narrow as to promote deep changes in the economic politics’s conduction, are presented. However, to part of those restrictions, inherited of the deregulated adjustment of the nineties, the government of Lula opted for the adoption of a group of politicians that will be able to generate a new trap of low growth with macroeconomic uncertainty, in the terms of that experienced in last decade.
MOREIRA CUNHA, A., & DA SILVA BICHARA, J. (2011). Cambio o continuismo: una interpretación de la política económica del gobierno de Lula. AméRica Latina Hoy, 37, 39-61.