History

Sesiunea internațională de comunicări științifice a doctoranzilor și postdoctoranzilor în istorie intitulată „Meseria de istoric și istoria ca bun de consum”, ediția a XVII-a, 10-12 noiembrie 2022, organizată de Școala Doctorală „Istorie. Civilizație. Clutură”. / The international conference of scientific communications of Ph.D. and postdoctoral students in History entitled "The Historian's Craft and the Conspicuous Consumption of History”, 17th edition, 10-12 November 2022, organized by the Graduate School "History. Civilization. Culture”.

The international conference of scientific communications of Ph.D. and postdoctoral students in History entitled "History and Interdisciplinarity: Ph.D. research on the frontier of disciplines”, 15th edition, 12-14 November 2022, organized by the Graduate School "History. Civilization. Culture”.

In recent years, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has been confronted with massive immigration from former Communist countries, which have recently ascended into the European Union. The reaction of the press has birthed the idea of a wave of Romanians and Bulgarians, whose arrival would have been determined by the lifting of work restrictions. This study aims at analysing the reaction of two of the most important British newspapers, Daily Mail and The Guardian. The first’s attitude was mostly hostile, frequently being characterized as somewhat xenophobic. The second one’s approach was more balanced, trying to understand the phenomenon through its causes and effects. Between 2013 and 2014 the debate tended to heat up, leading to some interesting ideas.

The advent of the Communist regime in Romania led to great social and economic transformation with immense consequences for the population. For a poorly developed country the insistence of heavy industry growth led to the development of its urban centres, and of the surrounding rural areas. Cluj''s fate during the 1960s was no different as it represents a perfect example of these changes. The following paper looks at how complex said transformations took place in terms of ethnicity, education, gender, and migration by emphasizing the example of the "Tehnofrig" factory. The first part is an attempt at explaining the relation between ethnicity and skill by observing the dynamic between traditional work ethics and the numerical report of Hungarians and Romanians. The second part marks a look at links between age/ generations and education. The third part stems from gender studies and is focused on the limited entrance women got in the 1960s in skilled positions. Finally, understanding migrational patterns between periphery and centre is essential to explaining how the ethnic balance change, and how this marked not only the evolution of Cluj''s urban landscape, but also work ethics.

The issue of cultures or civilizations interacting has always obsessed historians and political analysts alike as most scholars believe it can help better understand international relations. The rise of global terrorism on the lines of religious fundamentalism has only served to strengthen the belief in the idea of a clash of civilizations. Yet as the historiographical analysis proposed here shall strive to demonstrate, defining such interactions is somewhat more difficult as it is necessary we take into consideration other elements as well, such as economic interests, commerce, and of course local and regional social developments. The paper will look at some of the most influential works written on the subject in an attempt to compare several theories regarding the rise of the West, a possible resurgence of the East/Rest, how this has influenced civilizational interactions, and to propose new possible interpretations.

Th e study focuses on the activity of the calvinist nobles that had a high impact on both the secular
and the eclesiastical life and administration of Udvarhely Seat and of the Reformed Diocese of Udvarhely.
It shows the level of their implication in the administration and in the government of the ecclesiastical
offi ces, and details the existing relationships between diff erent families, and their social network.
It details diff erent personal careers, and studies cases that show the implications of persons or of whole
families in the life of their church.

Recensements et inventaires de Udvarhely
aux XVII–XVIIIème siècle
Les proces-verbaux du diocèse Udvarhely ont conservé les inventaires et les
conscriptions materiel du paroisses. Dans l’archive du décanat nous avons deux
proces-verbaux aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècle; chacun des volumes avec les
descriptions minutieuse et détaillée du chaque paroisse. L’utilisation de ces
descriptions nous donné la possibilité d’établir exactement la liste des paroisses du
diocèse Udvarhely a la fin du siècle XVII. Nous avons aussi la chance de déterminer
exactement la rémunération des pasteurs et des maîtres dans chaque paroisse. Les donations
et les noms des donateurs étaient trop enregistrés par le notaire de diocèse,
ainsi nous pouvons résumer l’histoire ecclesiastique de cette région.

Ctitorii nobiliare în Dieceza Odorheiului (sec. XVII–XIX)
O importantă latură a patronajului din sânul Bisericii Reformate
constituie ctitoriile de biserici şi parohii. În localităţile, unde
reprezentanţii nobilimii calviniste aveau proprietăţi semnificative,
ei s-au angajat să sprijine biserica reformată locală, ori prin diferite
donaţii, ori prin ctitorii. Studiul de faţă prezintă în detalii implicarea
familiilor nobiliare din Transilvania (Bethlen, Ugron, Borsai Nagy,
Kis) în procesul de ctitorie în Dieceza Odorheiului din secolele XVII–
XIX. Cele zece exemple prezentate şi documentate la finalul studiului
ne conving despre ataşamentul nobilimii faţă de Biserica Reformată,
totodată dovedesc faptul că în opoziţie cu idealurile politice şi a
intoleranţei Curţii Vieneze în Transilvania realitatea religioasă era cu
totul altceva, bazată pe toleranţă şi libertate religioasă. Studiul se
bazează pe o vastă argumentaţie arhivistică, completată de bibliografia
de specialitate.

The slaying of Varga Mihály. Interrogatory verbal process of
a murder in Udvarhely from 1711
The source material -containing four interrogatory verbal processesreveals
with unbelievable amplitude a hardly known story of a murder
occurred in Székelyudvarhely. It represents one of the jurisdictional
records of Udvarhelyszék ( present-day Hargita county). In 1711 a
tanner-prentice from Udvarhely has been murdered. The suspects
were the scholars of local reformed college. A number of them were
put under arrest. Regarding the case there were recorded the
attestations of 130  persons. Through these attestations reveal
themselves the everyday life, the religious and social problems of a
townlet in Szeklerland at the beginning of the 18th century, but also
the personal living-space and everyday life of the individual.