Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress... more Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.
Insider Threats (ITs) are hard to identify because of their knowledge of the organization and mot... more Insider Threats (ITs) are hard to identify because of their knowledge of the organization and motivation to avoid detection. One approach to detecting ITs utilizes Active Indicators (AI), stimuli that elicit a characteristic response from the insider. The present research implemented this approach within a simulation of financial investigative work. A sequence of AIs associated with accessing a locked file was introduced into an ongoing workflow. Participants allocated to an insider role accessed the file illicitly. Eye tracking metrics were used to differentiate insiders and control participants performing legitimate role. Data suggested that ITs may show responses suggestive of strategic concealment of interest and emotional stress. Such findings may provide the basis for a cognitive engineering approach to IT detection.
Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress... more Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.
To keep pace with increasing applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), recruitment of oper... more To keep pace with increasing applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), recruitment of operators will need to be expanded to include groups not traditionally engaged in UAV pilot training. The present study may inform this process as it investigated the relationship between video game experience and gender on performance of imaging and weapon release tasks in a simulated multi-UAV supervisory control station. Each of 101 participants completed a 60 minute experimental trial. Workload and Level of Automation (LOA) were manipulated. Video gaming expertise correlated with performance on a demanding surveillance task component. Video gamers also placed more trust in the automation in demanding conditions and exhibited higher subjective task engagement and lower distress and worry. Results may encourage recruitment of UAV operators from nontraditional populations. Gamers may have a particular aptitude, and with gaming experience controlled, women show no disadvantage relative to men.
This study investigated the consistency of stress responses to different sources of stress during... more This study investigated the consistency of stress responses to different sources of stress during simulated multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation. Of particular interest is whether or not resilience is a general factor that predicts stress response across different stressors. Participants completed two 10-minute test conditions designed to induce stress − one through high workload and another through negative evaluation. DSSQ factors gauged subjective stress response and physiological measures gauged objective stress response. Three trait resilience measures were predictors of these stress responses. Results revealed that different resilience scales and subscales predicted different response components. These findings suggest that individuals vary in their vulnerability to specific stressors. Training and personnel selection could thus benefit from a comprehensive, multifaceted assessment of resilience.
Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress... more Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.
Insider Threats (ITs) are hard to identify because of their knowledge of the organization and mot... more Insider Threats (ITs) are hard to identify because of their knowledge of the organization and motivation to avoid detection. One approach to detecting ITs utilizes Active Indicators (AI), stimuli that elicit a characteristic response from the insider. The present research implemented this approach within a simulation of financial investigative work. A sequence of AIs associated with accessing a locked file was introduced into an ongoing workflow. Participants allocated to an insider role accessed the file illicitly. Eye tracking metrics were used to differentiate insiders and control participants performing legitimate role. Data suggested that ITs may show responses suggestive of strategic concealment of interest and emotional stress. Such findings may provide the basis for a cognitive engineering approach to IT detection.
Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress... more Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.
To keep pace with increasing applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), recruitment of oper... more To keep pace with increasing applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), recruitment of operators will need to be expanded to include groups not traditionally engaged in UAV pilot training. The present study may inform this process as it investigated the relationship between video game experience and gender on performance of imaging and weapon release tasks in a simulated multi-UAV supervisory control station. Each of 101 participants completed a 60 minute experimental trial. Workload and Level of Automation (LOA) were manipulated. Video gaming expertise correlated with performance on a demanding surveillance task component. Video gamers also placed more trust in the automation in demanding conditions and exhibited higher subjective task engagement and lower distress and worry. Results may encourage recruitment of UAV operators from nontraditional populations. Gamers may have a particular aptitude, and with gaming experience controlled, women show no disadvantage relative to men.
This study investigated the consistency of stress responses to different sources of stress during... more This study investigated the consistency of stress responses to different sources of stress during simulated multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation. Of particular interest is whether or not resilience is a general factor that predicts stress response across different stressors. Participants completed two 10-minute test conditions designed to induce stress − one through high workload and another through negative evaluation. DSSQ factors gauged subjective stress response and physiological measures gauged objective stress response. Three trait resilience measures were predictors of these stress responses. Results revealed that different resilience scales and subscales predicted different response components. These findings suggest that individuals vary in their vulnerability to specific stressors. Training and personnel selection could thus benefit from a comprehensive, multifaceted assessment of resilience.
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Papers by Ryan Wohleber