Druart, C, A Neyrinck, E Dewulf, F De Backer, Sam Possemiers, Tom Van de Wiele, P Cani, Y Laronde... more Druart, C, A Neyrinck, E Dewulf, F De Backer, Sam Possemiers, Tom Van de Wiele, P Cani, Y Larondelle, and N Delzenne. 2011. “Contribution of Prebiotics-induced Changes in Gut Microbiota to Fatty Acid Composition in Adipose Tissue.” In Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 58:73–74. ... Druart, C, Neyrinck, A., Dewulf, E., De Backer, F., Possemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Cani, P., et al. (2011). Contribution of prebiotics-induced changes in gut microbiota to fatty acid composition in adipose tissue. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM ( ...
Pieter Van den Abbeele UGent, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, To... more Pieter Van den Abbeele UGent, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, Tom Van de Wiele UGent, Willy Verstraete UGent, Céline Druart, F De Backer and Patrice Cani, et al. (2011) International Society of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, 5th Congress, Abstracts. ... Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, Tom Van de Wiele, Willy Verstraete, et al. 2011. “Arabinoxylans Prevent Adverse Effects of a High Fat Diet Through Prebiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.” In ...
Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with important emotional, cognitive and social i... more Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with important emotional, cognitive and social impairments. The gut microbiota has been recently shown to regulate brain functions and behavior but convincing evidence of its role in AUD is lacking. Here, we show for the first time that the gut microbiota drives behavioral features of alcohol addiction including reduced sociability. By transplanting the gut microbiota from AUD patients to mice, we pointed out that the production of ethanol by specific bacterial genera, is associated with a lower hepatic synthesis of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and thereby prevent the protective effect of BHB on social behavior, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission. We confirmed this hypothesis detoxified AUD patients, in which we observed a persisting ethanol production in the feces as well as correlations between low plasma BHB levels and social impairments. Our data support new pathways involved in behavioral disorders associated with alcohol addiction, that could be considered for future treatments.
Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investiga... more Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investigated the role of targeted changes in the gut microbiota composition in the relief of constipation symptoms after rhubarb extract (RE) supplementation in middle-aged volunteers. Subjects (95% women, average 58 years old) were randomized to three groups treated with RE at two different doses determined by its content of rhein (supplementation of 12.5 mg and 25 mg per day) vs. placebo (maltodextrin) for 30 days. We demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of RE for 30 days was safe even at the higher dose. Stool frequency and consistency, and perceived change in transit problem, transit speed and difficulty in evacuating, investigated by validated questionnaires, were improved in both groups of RE-treated volunteers compared to placebo. Higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae (mainly Roseburia and Agathobacter) only occurred after RE treatment when present at low levels at baseline, whereas ...
Numerous studies show a modification of the gut microbiota in patients with obesity or diabetes. ... more Numerous studies show a modification of the gut microbiota in patients with obesity or diabetes. Animal studies have also shown a causal role of gut microbiota in liver metabolic disorders including steatosis whereas the human situation is less clear. Patients with metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) also have a modification in their gut microbiota composition but the changes are not fully characterized. The absence of consensus on a precise signature is probably due to disease heterogeneity, possible concomitant medications and different selection or evaluation criteria. The most consistent changes were increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia species and decreased abundance of Coprococcus and Eubacterium. Possible mechanisms linking the microbiota and MAFLD are increased intestinal permeability with translocation of microbial products into the portal circulation, but also changes in the bile acids and production of...
Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, ... more Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, complications, and mortality. Akkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. Whether A. muciniphila reduces peritonitis and mortality during colonic leakage is unknown. Whether A. muciniphila can directly modulate the expression of genes in the colonic mucosa in humans has never been studied. We investigated the effects of a pretreatment (14 days) with live A. muciniphila prior to surgical colonic perforation on peritonitis, mortality, and wound healing. We used mice with an inducible intestinal-epithelial-cell-specific deletion of MyD88 (IEC-MyD88 KO) to investigate the role of the innate immune system in this context. In a proof-of-concept pilot study, healthy humans were exposed to A. muciniphila for 2 h and colonic biopsies taken before and after colonic instillation for transcriptomic analysis. Seven days after colonic perforation, A.-muciniphila-t...
intestinal health in obese patients in an human in vitro fermentation patterns G. Kalala, B.Kamba... more intestinal health in obese patients in an human in vitro fermentation patterns G. Kalala, B.Kambashi,N. Everaert, Y. Beckers, A. Richel, B. Pachikian, A.M. Neyrinck, N.M. Delzenne, J. Bindelle Université de Kinshasa, Department of Animal Production,Kinshasa-X, DR Congo, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030, Belgium, Université catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition, B-1200, Brussels,Belgium, Wallonie Bruxelles International, B-1080, BrusselsBelgium.
audience: researcher, professional, student, popularizationTrop fréquemment, l’expérimentation an... more audience: researcher, professional, student, popularizationTrop fréquemment, l’expérimentation animale est présentée comme une pratique archaïque. Elle a bien changé. Et 100 % des patients traités le sont grâce aux concepts et techniques développés grâce à elle
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
Dietary fibers are essential components of a balanced diet and have beneficial effects on metabol... more Dietary fibers are essential components of a balanced diet and have beneficial effects on metabolic functions. To gain insight into their impact on host physiology and gut microbiota, we performed a direct comparison of two specific prebiotic fibers in mice. During an 8-wk follow up, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were compared with mice on a normal diet (basal condition, controls) and to mice fed the HFD but treated with one of the following prebiotics: fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or soluble corn fiber (SCF). Both prebiotic fibers led to a similar reduction of body weight and fat mass, lower inflammation and improved metabolic parameters. However, these health benefits were the result of different actions of the fibers, as SCF impacted energy excretion, whereas FOS did not. Interestingly, both fibers had very distinct gut microbial signatures with different short-chain fatty acid profiles, indicating that they do not favor the growth of the same bacterial communities. Although the...
The gut-brain communication is mostly driven by the immune, metabolic and neural pathways which r... more The gut-brain communication is mostly driven by the immune, metabolic and neural pathways which remained poorly explored in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The metabolites arising from the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway have gained considerable attention since they are at the interface between intestinal bacteria, host immune response and brain functions. This study described the circulating levels of kynurenine metabolites in AUD patients, at the onset (T1) and end (T2) of a 3-week detoxification program, and tested correlations between those metabolites and inflammatory markers, the gut microbiota and the psychological symptoms. Increased concentration of the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN) and decreased levels of the neuroprotector metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) which both modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission were observed in AUD patients, particularly at T2. The inflammatory marker hsCRP was associated with several metabolic ratios of the kynurenine p...
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholi... more BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether administration of a synbiotic combination of probiotic and prebiotic agents affected liver fat content, biomarkers of liver fibrosis, and the composition of the fecal microbiome in patients with NAFLD. METHODS We performed a double-blind phase 2 trial of 104 patients with NAFLD in the United Kingdom. Participants (mean age, 50.8±12.6 y; 65% men; 37% with diabetes) were randomly assigned to groups given the synbiotic agents (fructo-oligosaccharides, 4 g twice per day, plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; n=55) or placebo (n=49) for 10-14 months. Liver fat content was measured at the start and end of the study by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liver fibrosis was determined from a validated biomarker scoring system and vibration-controlled transient elastography. Fecal samples were collected at the start and end of the study and fecal microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Mean baseline and end of study magnetic resonance spectroscopy liver fat percentage values were 32.3%±24.8% and 28.5%±20.1% in the synbiotic group and 31.3%±22% and 25.2%±17.2% in the placebo group. In the unadjusted intention to treat analysis, we found no significant difference in liver fat reduction between groups (β=2.8; 95% CI, -2.2 to 7.8; P=.30). In a fully adjusted regression model (adjusted for baseline measurement of the outcome plus age, sex, weight difference, and baseline weight), only weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in liver fat (β=2; 95% CI, 1.5-2.6; P=.03). Fecal samples from patients who received the synbiotic had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, and reductions in Oscillibacter and Alistipes, compared with baseline; these changes were not observed in the placebo group. Changes in composition of fecal microbiota were not associated with liver fat or markers of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial of patients with NAFLD, 1 y administration of a synbiotic combination (probiotic and prebiotic) altered fecal microbiomes but did not reduce liver fat content or markers of liver fibrosis. clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT01680640.
Druart, C, A Neyrinck, E Dewulf, F De Backer, Sam Possemiers, Tom Van de Wiele, P Cani, Y Laronde... more Druart, C, A Neyrinck, E Dewulf, F De Backer, Sam Possemiers, Tom Van de Wiele, P Cani, Y Larondelle, and N Delzenne. 2011. “Contribution of Prebiotics-induced Changes in Gut Microbiota to Fatty Acid Composition in Adipose Tissue.” In Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 58:73–74. ... Druart, C, Neyrinck, A., Dewulf, E., De Backer, F., Possemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Cani, P., et al. (2011). Contribution of prebiotics-induced changes in gut microbiota to fatty acid composition in adipose tissue. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM ( ...
Pieter Van den Abbeele UGent, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, To... more Pieter Van den Abbeele UGent, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, Tom Van de Wiele UGent, Willy Verstraete UGent, Céline Druart, F De Backer and Patrice Cani, et al. (2011) International Society of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, 5th Congress, Abstracts. ... Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Audrey Neyrinck, Philippe Gérard, Sylvie Rabot, Aurélia Bruneau, Tom Van de Wiele, Willy Verstraete, et al. 2011. “Arabinoxylans Prevent Adverse Effects of a High Fat Diet Through Prebiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.” In ...
Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with important emotional, cognitive and social i... more Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with important emotional, cognitive and social impairments. The gut microbiota has been recently shown to regulate brain functions and behavior but convincing evidence of its role in AUD is lacking. Here, we show for the first time that the gut microbiota drives behavioral features of alcohol addiction including reduced sociability. By transplanting the gut microbiota from AUD patients to mice, we pointed out that the production of ethanol by specific bacterial genera, is associated with a lower hepatic synthesis of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and thereby prevent the protective effect of BHB on social behavior, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission. We confirmed this hypothesis detoxified AUD patients, in which we observed a persisting ethanol production in the feces as well as correlations between low plasma BHB levels and social impairments. Our data support new pathways involved in behavioral disorders associated with alcohol addiction, that could be considered for future treatments.
Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investiga... more Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investigated the role of targeted changes in the gut microbiota composition in the relief of constipation symptoms after rhubarb extract (RE) supplementation in middle-aged volunteers. Subjects (95% women, average 58 years old) were randomized to three groups treated with RE at two different doses determined by its content of rhein (supplementation of 12.5 mg and 25 mg per day) vs. placebo (maltodextrin) for 30 days. We demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of RE for 30 days was safe even at the higher dose. Stool frequency and consistency, and perceived change in transit problem, transit speed and difficulty in evacuating, investigated by validated questionnaires, were improved in both groups of RE-treated volunteers compared to placebo. Higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae (mainly Roseburia and Agathobacter) only occurred after RE treatment when present at low levels at baseline, whereas ...
Numerous studies show a modification of the gut microbiota in patients with obesity or diabetes. ... more Numerous studies show a modification of the gut microbiota in patients with obesity or diabetes. Animal studies have also shown a causal role of gut microbiota in liver metabolic disorders including steatosis whereas the human situation is less clear. Patients with metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) also have a modification in their gut microbiota composition but the changes are not fully characterized. The absence of consensus on a precise signature is probably due to disease heterogeneity, possible concomitant medications and different selection or evaluation criteria. The most consistent changes were increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia species and decreased abundance of Coprococcus and Eubacterium. Possible mechanisms linking the microbiota and MAFLD are increased intestinal permeability with translocation of microbial products into the portal circulation, but also changes in the bile acids and production of...
Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, ... more Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, complications, and mortality. Akkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. Whether A. muciniphila reduces peritonitis and mortality during colonic leakage is unknown. Whether A. muciniphila can directly modulate the expression of genes in the colonic mucosa in humans has never been studied. We investigated the effects of a pretreatment (14 days) with live A. muciniphila prior to surgical colonic perforation on peritonitis, mortality, and wound healing. We used mice with an inducible intestinal-epithelial-cell-specific deletion of MyD88 (IEC-MyD88 KO) to investigate the role of the innate immune system in this context. In a proof-of-concept pilot study, healthy humans were exposed to A. muciniphila for 2 h and colonic biopsies taken before and after colonic instillation for transcriptomic analysis. Seven days after colonic perforation, A.-muciniphila-t...
intestinal health in obese patients in an human in vitro fermentation patterns G. Kalala, B.Kamba... more intestinal health in obese patients in an human in vitro fermentation patterns G. Kalala, B.Kambashi,N. Everaert, Y. Beckers, A. Richel, B. Pachikian, A.M. Neyrinck, N.M. Delzenne, J. Bindelle Université de Kinshasa, Department of Animal Production,Kinshasa-X, DR Congo, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030, Belgium, Université catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition, B-1200, Brussels,Belgium, Wallonie Bruxelles International, B-1080, BrusselsBelgium.
audience: researcher, professional, student, popularizationTrop fréquemment, l’expérimentation an... more audience: researcher, professional, student, popularizationTrop fréquemment, l’expérimentation animale est présentée comme une pratique archaïque. Elle a bien changé. Et 100 % des patients traités le sont grâce aux concepts et techniques développés grâce à elle
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
Dietary fibers are essential components of a balanced diet and have beneficial effects on metabol... more Dietary fibers are essential components of a balanced diet and have beneficial effects on metabolic functions. To gain insight into their impact on host physiology and gut microbiota, we performed a direct comparison of two specific prebiotic fibers in mice. During an 8-wk follow up, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were compared with mice on a normal diet (basal condition, controls) and to mice fed the HFD but treated with one of the following prebiotics: fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or soluble corn fiber (SCF). Both prebiotic fibers led to a similar reduction of body weight and fat mass, lower inflammation and improved metabolic parameters. However, these health benefits were the result of different actions of the fibers, as SCF impacted energy excretion, whereas FOS did not. Interestingly, both fibers had very distinct gut microbial signatures with different short-chain fatty acid profiles, indicating that they do not favor the growth of the same bacterial communities. Although the...
The gut-brain communication is mostly driven by the immune, metabolic and neural pathways which r... more The gut-brain communication is mostly driven by the immune, metabolic and neural pathways which remained poorly explored in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The metabolites arising from the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway have gained considerable attention since they are at the interface between intestinal bacteria, host immune response and brain functions. This study described the circulating levels of kynurenine metabolites in AUD patients, at the onset (T1) and end (T2) of a 3-week detoxification program, and tested correlations between those metabolites and inflammatory markers, the gut microbiota and the psychological symptoms. Increased concentration of the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN) and decreased levels of the neuroprotector metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) which both modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission were observed in AUD patients, particularly at T2. The inflammatory marker hsCRP was associated with several metabolic ratios of the kynurenine p...
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholi... more BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether administration of a synbiotic combination of probiotic and prebiotic agents affected liver fat content, biomarkers of liver fibrosis, and the composition of the fecal microbiome in patients with NAFLD. METHODS We performed a double-blind phase 2 trial of 104 patients with NAFLD in the United Kingdom. Participants (mean age, 50.8±12.6 y; 65% men; 37% with diabetes) were randomly assigned to groups given the synbiotic agents (fructo-oligosaccharides, 4 g twice per day, plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12; n=55) or placebo (n=49) for 10-14 months. Liver fat content was measured at the start and end of the study by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liver fibrosis was determined from a validated biomarker scoring system and vibration-controlled transient elastography. Fecal samples were collected at the start and end of the study and fecal microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Mean baseline and end of study magnetic resonance spectroscopy liver fat percentage values were 32.3%±24.8% and 28.5%±20.1% in the synbiotic group and 31.3%±22% and 25.2%±17.2% in the placebo group. In the unadjusted intention to treat analysis, we found no significant difference in liver fat reduction between groups (β=2.8; 95% CI, -2.2 to 7.8; P=.30). In a fully adjusted regression model (adjusted for baseline measurement of the outcome plus age, sex, weight difference, and baseline weight), only weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in liver fat (β=2; 95% CI, 1.5-2.6; P=.03). Fecal samples from patients who received the synbiotic had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, and reductions in Oscillibacter and Alistipes, compared with baseline; these changes were not observed in the placebo group. Changes in composition of fecal microbiota were not associated with liver fat or markers of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial of patients with NAFLD, 1 y administration of a synbiotic combination (probiotic and prebiotic) altered fecal microbiomes but did not reduce liver fat content or markers of liver fibrosis. clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT01680640.
Obesity is now classically characterized by a cluster of several metabolic disorders, and by a lo... more Obesity is now classically characterized by a cluster of several metabolic disorders, and by a low grade inflammation. The evidence that the gut microbiota composition can be different between healthy and or obese and type 2 diabetic patients has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and the gut microbiota. Several mechanisms are proposed linking events occurring in the colon and the regulation of energy metabolism, such as i.e. the energy harvest from the diet, the synthesis of gut peptides involved in energy homeostasis (GLP-1, PYY … ), and the regulation of fat storage. Moreover, the development of obesity and metabolic disorders following a high-fat diet may be associated to the innate immune system. Indeed, high-fat diet feeding triggers the development of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis by mechanisms dependent of the LPS and/or the fatty acids activation of the CD14/TLR4 receptor complex. Importantly, fat feeding is also associated with the development of metabolic endotoxemia in human subjects and participates in the low-grade inflammation, a mechanism associated with the development of atherogenic markers. Finally, data obtained in experimental models and human subjects are in favour of the fact that changing the gut microbiota (with prebiotics and/or probiotics) may participate in the control of the development of metabolic diseases associated with obesity. Thus, it would be useful to find specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota to impact on the occurrence of metabolic diseases.
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Papers by Nathalie M. Delzenne