Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009
This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. I... more This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. It applies a regional climate model to assess whether the system of protected areas in Brazil is able to avoid such tipping points, with massive conversion to semiarid vegetation, particularly along the south and southeastern margins of the basin. The regional climate model produces spatially distributed annual rainfall under a variety of external forcing conditions, assuming that all land outside protected areas is deforested. It translates these results into dry season impacts on resident ecosystems and shows that Amazonian dry ecosystems in the southern and southeastern basin do not desiccate appreciably and that extensive areas experience an increase in precipitation. Nor do the moist forests dry out to an excessive amount. Evidently, Brazilian environmental policy has created a sustainable core of protected areas in the Amazon that buffers against potential climate-tipping points and...
As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), instituídas pelo Código Florestal em 1965, representam ... more As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), instituídas pelo Código Florestal em 1965, representam elemento integrador e, conforme definido pelo Plano Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, devem ser consideradas no planejamento da paisagem com a função estratégica de conectar os fragmentos florestais. No entanto, a Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa de 2012 alterou os parâmetros topográficos (altura, declividade e base das elevações) que definem as APP no topo de morros, o que ocasionou o quase desaparecimento deste tipo de APP no país. Por sua vez, para recuperar parte da área perdida, o Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) promulgou a Resolução 93 em 2014, que estabeleceu uma metodologia própria para a delimitação APP no topo de morros no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Como forma de analisar o arranjo espacial decorrente das alterações nos dispositivos legais, este estudo realizou a delimitação e calculou as métricas de paisagem das manchas de APP no topo de morros em quatro unidades geomorfol...
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepcoes que fundamentam as politicas publicas ... more O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepcoes que fundamentam as politicas publicas na Amazonia, identificando os diferentes discursos que sao acionados na busca de sua legitimacao, tendo como foco programas recentemente implementados pelo governo federal. O estudo indica que diversos grupos travam uma luta simbolica, atraves da qual buscam a legitimacao de seus projetos e de suas formas de utilizacao dos recursos naturais. A partir de quadro analitico no qual foram identificadas quatro matrizes discursivas – os discursos desenvolvimentista, da mercantilizacao da natureza, preservacionista e socioambiental – buscou-se demonstrar que, em diferentes conjunturas politicas, tais matrizes exercem maior ou menor influencia sobre as politicas elaboradas para a regiao, com consequencias diretas sobre seus ecossistemas e habitantes. A presente analise parte do recorte das seguintes politicas: (i) o Programa Areas Protegidas da Amazonia; (ii) as intervencoes do Programa de Aceler...
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar propriedades fisico-hidricas (densidade do solo, densi... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar propriedades fisico-hidricas (densidade do solo, densidade de particulas, porosidade do solo, textura e a condutividade hidraulica do solo) de uma barragem subterrânea na Bacia do Corrego Fundo, localizada na Regiao dos Lagos (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) para a manutencao destas propriedades, manejo e exploracao sustentavel. A analise dos dados dos atributos fisicos da bacia demonstrou uma maior densidade do solo na camada de 0,4-0,8 m de profundidade, o que favorece o fluxo de agua horizontal na camada superficial. A presenca de uma maior microporosidade na bacia de contribuicao favorece a recarga da bacia hidraulica por um periodo maior de tempo. Os valores de condutividade hidraulica variam muito ao longo da bacia hidraulica apresentando relacao direta com a composicao granulometrica de cada um dos pocos de observacao.
Abstract: This study investigated the current Leguminosae tree species composition in coastal for... more Abstract: This study investigated the current Leguminosae tree species composition in coastal forests over lithosoil soil or sandy plains in the eastern and central portion of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A comparative study between the Atlantic Forest areas of the Southeast Region of Brazil was conducted to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on floristic differentiation. A total of 34 areas of the Southeast Region was selected from the NeoTropTree platform and the Leguminosae species in these areas were the basis for a similarity analysis. The Jaccard Similarity Index and the UPGMA method were applied for grouping analysis. The relationships between the Leguminosae species composition and the environmental variables were investigated via Cannonical Correspondance Analysis (CCA). The cluster analysis showed that the Leguminosae tree species group of this portion of Rio de Janeiro coastline share floristic affinity with seasonal forests, a result confirmed by CCA. Thi...
RESUMO O município de Armação dos Búzios, que faz parte do Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo ... more RESUMO O município de Armação dos Búzios, que faz parte do Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio, é caracterizado por uma grande variação de fisionomias vegetais, relacionadas à sua fisiografia e ao clima da região. Nos últimos quarenta anos o crescimento urbano vem reduzindo e fragmentando a sua cobertura vegetal natural. O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer informações sobre a extensão, distribuição e estado de conservação dos remanescentes de vegetação natural do município, através da elaboração de um mapa de vegetação e uso do solo, baseado na interpretação de fotografias aéreas, com o auxílio de mapas temáticos (geologia, solo e relevo) digitais, e trabalhos de campo, com coleta de material botânico, posteriormente identificado em herbário.
Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jame... more Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jamento do uso da terra em regiões florestais tropicais. Os mapas de vegetação podem ser utilizados indi-vidualmente ou de forma integrada com outros mapas temáticos, para a caracterização e análise da paisa-gem, a qual serve de orientação no processo de planejamento do uso da terra. O uso de mapas ecológicos ou da paisagem contendo informações combinadas de diferentes atributos da paisagem, é um avanço sig-nificativo na avaliação das terras. O enfoque holístico possibilita uma melhor compreensão das inter-rela-ções entre a vegetação e os outros atributos, melhorando significativamente as análises e avaliações resul-tantes . O enfoque paisagístico pode auxiliar ainda no próprio levantamento da vegetação, como o mapea-mento dos diversos tipos de comunidades ou formações florestais de acordo com as características domi-nantes da ambiente físico, como o relevo. Sistemas de Informações Geográfic...
Understanding the impact of road investments on deforestation is part of a complete evaluation of... more Understanding the impact of road investments on deforestation is part of a complete evaluation of the expansion of infrastructure for development. We find evidence of spatial spillovers from roads in the Brazilian Amazon: deforestation rises in the census tracts that lack roads but are in the same county as and within 100 km of a tract with a new paved or unpaved road. At greater distances from the new roads the evidence is mixed, including negative coefficients of inconsistent significance between 100 and 300 km, and if anything, higher neighbor deforestation at ...
RESUMO A região de Cabo Frio é reconhecida como um importante centro de diversidade vegetal (CDVC... more RESUMO A região de Cabo Frio é reconhecida como um importante centro de diversidade vegetal (CDVCF) da Região Neotropical, devido à presença de diversos taxa endêmicos e comunidades vegetais singulares, o que pode ser relacionado tanto ao clima relativamente seco quanto à heterogeneidade do ambiente físico. Embora diversos estudos realizados na região tenham produzido informações importantes sobre a estrutura e composição florística de algumas comunidades vegetais, existe ainda uma considerável lacuna na classificação e definição dos tipos de vegetação bem como de sua distribuição espacial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e descrever os tipos de vegetação da região e sua relação com o ambiente físico, através do mapeamento da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo, baseado na análise integrada de imagens de satélite, fotografias aéreas, mapas temáticos e dados pontuais provenientes de levantamentos estruturais e florísticos e trabalhos de campo, com apoio do processamento digital ...
The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), established by the Forest Code in 1965, depict an integra... more The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), established by the Forest Code in 1965, depict an integrating element of the landscape as defined by the National Plan of Protected Areas. However, the Native Vegetation Protection Law, approved in 2012, has produced several changes in the parameters for the delimitation of APP, especially in those that define APPs on hilltops. As a result, to recover part of the lost area, in 2014, the State Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro (INEA) published the Resolution 93, which established its own methodology of delimitation for the state. The goal of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of the hilltop APP through mapping and calculating landscape metrics, based on legal provisions applied in four areas with different geomorphological units that represent most of the Rio de Janeiro’s relief, considering the Forest Code of 1965, the Native Vegetation Protection Law of 2012, and the INEA Resolution of 2014. APP mapping was done by spat...
The Brazilian Atlantic forest is an area of highest priority for conservation.
This present stud... more The Brazilian Atlantic forest is an area of highest priority for conservation.
This present study concentrates on the Macaé de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo,
state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and
floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the
physical environment at local and regional scales, based on vegetation and soil data
collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites, and also by
comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest
domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs,
Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital
image processing and geographical information system software.
The Reserve is covered by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical
forest. Montane forest, the dominant vegetation type, covers slopes up to 1500m
altitude. High montane forest occurs on top-slopes, in restricted mountain ridge
areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a
whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43
m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3
m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing 164
species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae,
Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae
and Sapindaceae. The species with highest IVI are Euterpe edulis, Licania
kunthiana, Ocotea indecora, Vochysia saldanhae, Calycorectes sp.1, Dendropanax
trilobium, Kielmeyera insignis, Cryptocarya moschata, Meriania robusta, and
Clethra scabra. TWINSPAN classification reveals the occurrence of at least two
groups of plots, one related to the montane forest formation and the other
representing a transition between montane and high-montane or cloud forests.. The
first axis of the DCA ordination is related to an altitudinal gradient. PCA analysis of
forest structural, environmental, geographical and soil data revealed high correlation
between altitude and Al, basal area and K, number of species and %C, clay content
and slope. The CCA ordination reveals a correlation between altitude, height and
canopy and the first axis, while slope, number of species, P, Ca+Mg, H+Al and CEC
are correlated with the second axis. CCA also shows a relief gradient along two axes.
The results support the hypothesis of a local mosaic composed by different plant
communities that can be related to site and relief characteristics, with forest structure
and composition, and site conditions strongly related to altitude, location on the relief
and slope. Floristic patterns revealed by the classification (UPGMA, TWINSPAN)
and ordination (DCA, CCA) of the 51 forest areas are strongly related to climatic and
geographical variables. Köppen climatic types are shown to be good predictors of
similarities between the areas. CCA reveals a gradient from low latitude, lowland
warm areas with high rainfall to higher latitude and altitude, colder and drier areas.
All methods distinguish the semideciduous from the coastal moist forests, with a
transitional montane ecotone between the two main forest types. High altitude areas
indicate links with Araucaria forests. Past (1970) and current land cover maps were
produced, with results from local and regional scales analysis used as surrogate
information for the classification. A conceptual model for the Atlantic forest
vegetation in southeastern Brazil is proposed, based on the relationships between the
forest vegetation and the physical environment.
... Os municípios de Macaé, Nova Friburgo, Santa Maria Madalena, Campos dos Goytacases e Trajano ... more ... Os municípios de Macaé, Nova Friburgo, Santa Maria Madalena, Campos dos Goytacases e Trajano de Morais possuem cerca de 119.639 ha ... CRUZ, CBM; VICENS, RS; SEABRA, VS; REIS, RB; FABER, OA; RICHTER, M.; ARNAUT, PKE; ARAUJO, M. Classificação orientada a ...
... disposição e capacidade organizacional deste segmento em se envolver em projetos de reflorest... more ... disposição e capacidade organizacional deste segmento em se envolver em projetos de reflorestamento e de SAFs, além de locais preferenciais para estabelecer tais plantios. Foram ... produtos florestais tais como madeira, temperos, fitoterápicos. Além destes benefícios, os ...
This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. I... more This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. It applies a regional climate model to assess whether the system of protected areas in Brazil is able to avoid such tipping points, with massive conversion to semiarid vegetation, particularly along the south and southeastern margins of the basin. The regional climate model produces spatially distributed annual rainfall under a variety of external forcing conditions, assuming that all land outside protected areas is deforested. It translates these results into dry season impacts on resident ecosystems and shows that Amazonian dry ecosystems in the southern and southeastern basin do not desiccate appreciably and that extensive areas experience an increase in precipitation. Nor do the moist forests dry out to an excessive amount. Evidently, Brazilian environmental policy has created a sustainable core of protected areas in the Amazon that buffers against potential climate-tipping points and...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009
This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. I... more This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. It applies a regional climate model to assess whether the system of protected areas in Brazil is able to avoid such tipping points, with massive conversion to semiarid vegetation, particularly along the south and southeastern margins of the basin. The regional climate model produces spatially distributed annual rainfall under a variety of external forcing conditions, assuming that all land outside protected areas is deforested. It translates these results into dry season impacts on resident ecosystems and shows that Amazonian dry ecosystems in the southern and southeastern basin do not desiccate appreciably and that extensive areas experience an increase in precipitation. Nor do the moist forests dry out to an excessive amount. Evidently, Brazilian environmental policy has created a sustainable core of protected areas in the Amazon that buffers against potential climate-tipping points and...
As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), instituídas pelo Código Florestal em 1965, representam ... more As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), instituídas pelo Código Florestal em 1965, representam elemento integrador e, conforme definido pelo Plano Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, devem ser consideradas no planejamento da paisagem com a função estratégica de conectar os fragmentos florestais. No entanto, a Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa de 2012 alterou os parâmetros topográficos (altura, declividade e base das elevações) que definem as APP no topo de morros, o que ocasionou o quase desaparecimento deste tipo de APP no país. Por sua vez, para recuperar parte da área perdida, o Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) promulgou a Resolução 93 em 2014, que estabeleceu uma metodologia própria para a delimitação APP no topo de morros no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Como forma de analisar o arranjo espacial decorrente das alterações nos dispositivos legais, este estudo realizou a delimitação e calculou as métricas de paisagem das manchas de APP no topo de morros em quatro unidades geomorfol...
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepcoes que fundamentam as politicas publicas ... more O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepcoes que fundamentam as politicas publicas na Amazonia, identificando os diferentes discursos que sao acionados na busca de sua legitimacao, tendo como foco programas recentemente implementados pelo governo federal. O estudo indica que diversos grupos travam uma luta simbolica, atraves da qual buscam a legitimacao de seus projetos e de suas formas de utilizacao dos recursos naturais. A partir de quadro analitico no qual foram identificadas quatro matrizes discursivas – os discursos desenvolvimentista, da mercantilizacao da natureza, preservacionista e socioambiental – buscou-se demonstrar que, em diferentes conjunturas politicas, tais matrizes exercem maior ou menor influencia sobre as politicas elaboradas para a regiao, com consequencias diretas sobre seus ecossistemas e habitantes. A presente analise parte do recorte das seguintes politicas: (i) o Programa Areas Protegidas da Amazonia; (ii) as intervencoes do Programa de Aceler...
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar propriedades fisico-hidricas (densidade do solo, densi... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar propriedades fisico-hidricas (densidade do solo, densidade de particulas, porosidade do solo, textura e a condutividade hidraulica do solo) de uma barragem subterrânea na Bacia do Corrego Fundo, localizada na Regiao dos Lagos (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) para a manutencao destas propriedades, manejo e exploracao sustentavel. A analise dos dados dos atributos fisicos da bacia demonstrou uma maior densidade do solo na camada de 0,4-0,8 m de profundidade, o que favorece o fluxo de agua horizontal na camada superficial. A presenca de uma maior microporosidade na bacia de contribuicao favorece a recarga da bacia hidraulica por um periodo maior de tempo. Os valores de condutividade hidraulica variam muito ao longo da bacia hidraulica apresentando relacao direta com a composicao granulometrica de cada um dos pocos de observacao.
Abstract: This study investigated the current Leguminosae tree species composition in coastal for... more Abstract: This study investigated the current Leguminosae tree species composition in coastal forests over lithosoil soil or sandy plains in the eastern and central portion of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A comparative study between the Atlantic Forest areas of the Southeast Region of Brazil was conducted to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on floristic differentiation. A total of 34 areas of the Southeast Region was selected from the NeoTropTree platform and the Leguminosae species in these areas were the basis for a similarity analysis. The Jaccard Similarity Index and the UPGMA method were applied for grouping analysis. The relationships between the Leguminosae species composition and the environmental variables were investigated via Cannonical Correspondance Analysis (CCA). The cluster analysis showed that the Leguminosae tree species group of this portion of Rio de Janeiro coastline share floristic affinity with seasonal forests, a result confirmed by CCA. Thi...
RESUMO O município de Armação dos Búzios, que faz parte do Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo ... more RESUMO O município de Armação dos Búzios, que faz parte do Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio, é caracterizado por uma grande variação de fisionomias vegetais, relacionadas à sua fisiografia e ao clima da região. Nos últimos quarenta anos o crescimento urbano vem reduzindo e fragmentando a sua cobertura vegetal natural. O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer informações sobre a extensão, distribuição e estado de conservação dos remanescentes de vegetação natural do município, através da elaboração de um mapa de vegetação e uso do solo, baseado na interpretação de fotografias aéreas, com o auxílio de mapas temáticos (geologia, solo e relevo) digitais, e trabalhos de campo, com coleta de material botânico, posteriormente identificado em herbário.
Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jame... more Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jamento do uso da terra em regiões florestais tropicais. Os mapas de vegetação podem ser utilizados indi-vidualmente ou de forma integrada com outros mapas temáticos, para a caracterização e análise da paisa-gem, a qual serve de orientação no processo de planejamento do uso da terra. O uso de mapas ecológicos ou da paisagem contendo informações combinadas de diferentes atributos da paisagem, é um avanço sig-nificativo na avaliação das terras. O enfoque holístico possibilita uma melhor compreensão das inter-rela-ções entre a vegetação e os outros atributos, melhorando significativamente as análises e avaliações resul-tantes . O enfoque paisagístico pode auxiliar ainda no próprio levantamento da vegetação, como o mapea-mento dos diversos tipos de comunidades ou formações florestais de acordo com as características domi-nantes da ambiente físico, como o relevo. Sistemas de Informações Geográfic...
Understanding the impact of road investments on deforestation is part of a complete evaluation of... more Understanding the impact of road investments on deforestation is part of a complete evaluation of the expansion of infrastructure for development. We find evidence of spatial spillovers from roads in the Brazilian Amazon: deforestation rises in the census tracts that lack roads but are in the same county as and within 100 km of a tract with a new paved or unpaved road. At greater distances from the new roads the evidence is mixed, including negative coefficients of inconsistent significance between 100 and 300 km, and if anything, higher neighbor deforestation at ...
RESUMO A região de Cabo Frio é reconhecida como um importante centro de diversidade vegetal (CDVC... more RESUMO A região de Cabo Frio é reconhecida como um importante centro de diversidade vegetal (CDVCF) da Região Neotropical, devido à presença de diversos taxa endêmicos e comunidades vegetais singulares, o que pode ser relacionado tanto ao clima relativamente seco quanto à heterogeneidade do ambiente físico. Embora diversos estudos realizados na região tenham produzido informações importantes sobre a estrutura e composição florística de algumas comunidades vegetais, existe ainda uma considerável lacuna na classificação e definição dos tipos de vegetação bem como de sua distribuição espacial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e descrever os tipos de vegetação da região e sua relação com o ambiente físico, através do mapeamento da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo, baseado na análise integrada de imagens de satélite, fotografias aéreas, mapas temáticos e dados pontuais provenientes de levantamentos estruturais e florísticos e trabalhos de campo, com apoio do processamento digital ...
The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), established by the Forest Code in 1965, depict an integra... more The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), established by the Forest Code in 1965, depict an integrating element of the landscape as defined by the National Plan of Protected Areas. However, the Native Vegetation Protection Law, approved in 2012, has produced several changes in the parameters for the delimitation of APP, especially in those that define APPs on hilltops. As a result, to recover part of the lost area, in 2014, the State Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro (INEA) published the Resolution 93, which established its own methodology of delimitation for the state. The goal of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of the hilltop APP through mapping and calculating landscape metrics, based on legal provisions applied in four areas with different geomorphological units that represent most of the Rio de Janeiro’s relief, considering the Forest Code of 1965, the Native Vegetation Protection Law of 2012, and the INEA Resolution of 2014. APP mapping was done by spat...
The Brazilian Atlantic forest is an area of highest priority for conservation.
This present stud... more The Brazilian Atlantic forest is an area of highest priority for conservation.
This present study concentrates on the Macaé de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo,
state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and
floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the
physical environment at local and regional scales, based on vegetation and soil data
collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites, and also by
comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest
domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs,
Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital
image processing and geographical information system software.
The Reserve is covered by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical
forest. Montane forest, the dominant vegetation type, covers slopes up to 1500m
altitude. High montane forest occurs on top-slopes, in restricted mountain ridge
areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a
whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43
m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3
m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing 164
species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae,
Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae
and Sapindaceae. The species with highest IVI are Euterpe edulis, Licania
kunthiana, Ocotea indecora, Vochysia saldanhae, Calycorectes sp.1, Dendropanax
trilobium, Kielmeyera insignis, Cryptocarya moschata, Meriania robusta, and
Clethra scabra. TWINSPAN classification reveals the occurrence of at least two
groups of plots, one related to the montane forest formation and the other
representing a transition between montane and high-montane or cloud forests.. The
first axis of the DCA ordination is related to an altitudinal gradient. PCA analysis of
forest structural, environmental, geographical and soil data revealed high correlation
between altitude and Al, basal area and K, number of species and %C, clay content
and slope. The CCA ordination reveals a correlation between altitude, height and
canopy and the first axis, while slope, number of species, P, Ca+Mg, H+Al and CEC
are correlated with the second axis. CCA also shows a relief gradient along two axes.
The results support the hypothesis of a local mosaic composed by different plant
communities that can be related to site and relief characteristics, with forest structure
and composition, and site conditions strongly related to altitude, location on the relief
and slope. Floristic patterns revealed by the classification (UPGMA, TWINSPAN)
and ordination (DCA, CCA) of the 51 forest areas are strongly related to climatic and
geographical variables. Köppen climatic types are shown to be good predictors of
similarities between the areas. CCA reveals a gradient from low latitude, lowland
warm areas with high rainfall to higher latitude and altitude, colder and drier areas.
All methods distinguish the semideciduous from the coastal moist forests, with a
transitional montane ecotone between the two main forest types. High altitude areas
indicate links with Araucaria forests. Past (1970) and current land cover maps were
produced, with results from local and regional scales analysis used as surrogate
information for the classification. A conceptual model for the Atlantic forest
vegetation in southeastern Brazil is proposed, based on the relationships between the
forest vegetation and the physical environment.
... Os municípios de Macaé, Nova Friburgo, Santa Maria Madalena, Campos dos Goytacases e Trajano ... more ... Os municípios de Macaé, Nova Friburgo, Santa Maria Madalena, Campos dos Goytacases e Trajano de Morais possuem cerca de 119.639 ha ... CRUZ, CBM; VICENS, RS; SEABRA, VS; REIS, RB; FABER, OA; RICHTER, M.; ARNAUT, PKE; ARAUJO, M. Classificação orientada a ...
... disposição e capacidade organizacional deste segmento em se envolver em projetos de reflorest... more ... disposição e capacidade organizacional deste segmento em se envolver em projetos de reflorestamento e de SAFs, além de locais preferenciais para estabelecer tais plantios. Foram ... produtos florestais tais como madeira, temperos, fitoterápicos. Além destes benefícios, os ...
This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. I... more This article addresses climate-tipping points in the Amazon Basin resulting from deforestation. It applies a regional climate model to assess whether the system of protected areas in Brazil is able to avoid such tipping points, with massive conversion to semiarid vegetation, particularly along the south and southeastern margins of the basin. The regional climate model produces spatially distributed annual rainfall under a variety of external forcing conditions, assuming that all land outside protected areas is deforested. It translates these results into dry season impacts on resident ecosystems and shows that Amazonian dry ecosystems in the southern and southeastern basin do not desiccate appreciably and that extensive areas experience an increase in precipitation. Nor do the moist forests dry out to an excessive amount. Evidently, Brazilian environmental policy has created a sustainable core of protected areas in the Amazon that buffers against potential climate-tipping points and...
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This present study concentrates on the Macaé de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo,
state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and
floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the
physical environment at local and regional scales, based on vegetation and soil data
collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites, and also by
comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest
domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs,
Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital
image processing and geographical information system software.
The Reserve is covered by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical
forest. Montane forest, the dominant vegetation type, covers slopes up to 1500m
altitude. High montane forest occurs on top-slopes, in restricted mountain ridge
areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a
whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43
m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3
m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing 164
species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae,
Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae
and Sapindaceae. The species with highest IVI are Euterpe edulis, Licania
kunthiana, Ocotea indecora, Vochysia saldanhae, Calycorectes sp.1, Dendropanax
trilobium, Kielmeyera insignis, Cryptocarya moschata, Meriania robusta, and
Clethra scabra. TWINSPAN classification reveals the occurrence of at least two
groups of plots, one related to the montane forest formation and the other
representing a transition between montane and high-montane or cloud forests.. The
first axis of the DCA ordination is related to an altitudinal gradient. PCA analysis of
forest structural, environmental, geographical and soil data revealed high correlation
between altitude and Al, basal area and K, number of species and %C, clay content
and slope. The CCA ordination reveals a correlation between altitude, height and
canopy and the first axis, while slope, number of species, P, Ca+Mg, H+Al and CEC
are correlated with the second axis. CCA also shows a relief gradient along two axes.
The results support the hypothesis of a local mosaic composed by different plant
communities that can be related to site and relief characteristics, with forest structure
and composition, and site conditions strongly related to altitude, location on the relief
and slope. Floristic patterns revealed by the classification (UPGMA, TWINSPAN)
and ordination (DCA, CCA) of the 51 forest areas are strongly related to climatic and
geographical variables. Köppen climatic types are shown to be good predictors of
similarities between the areas. CCA reveals a gradient from low latitude, lowland
warm areas with high rainfall to higher latitude and altitude, colder and drier areas.
All methods distinguish the semideciduous from the coastal moist forests, with a
transitional montane ecotone between the two main forest types. High altitude areas
indicate links with Araucaria forests. Past (1970) and current land cover maps were
produced, with results from local and regional scales analysis used as surrogate
information for the classification. A conceptual model for the Atlantic forest
vegetation in southeastern Brazil is proposed, based on the relationships between the
forest vegetation and the physical environment.
This present study concentrates on the Macaé de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo,
state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and
floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the
physical environment at local and regional scales, based on vegetation and soil data
collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites, and also by
comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest
domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs,
Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital
image processing and geographical information system software.
The Reserve is covered by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical
forest. Montane forest, the dominant vegetation type, covers slopes up to 1500m
altitude. High montane forest occurs on top-slopes, in restricted mountain ridge
areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a
whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43
m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3
m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing 164
species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae,
Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae
and Sapindaceae. The species with highest IVI are Euterpe edulis, Licania
kunthiana, Ocotea indecora, Vochysia saldanhae, Calycorectes sp.1, Dendropanax
trilobium, Kielmeyera insignis, Cryptocarya moschata, Meriania robusta, and
Clethra scabra. TWINSPAN classification reveals the occurrence of at least two
groups of plots, one related to the montane forest formation and the other
representing a transition between montane and high-montane or cloud forests.. The
first axis of the DCA ordination is related to an altitudinal gradient. PCA analysis of
forest structural, environmental, geographical and soil data revealed high correlation
between altitude and Al, basal area and K, number of species and %C, clay content
and slope. The CCA ordination reveals a correlation between altitude, height and
canopy and the first axis, while slope, number of species, P, Ca+Mg, H+Al and CEC
are correlated with the second axis. CCA also shows a relief gradient along two axes.
The results support the hypothesis of a local mosaic composed by different plant
communities that can be related to site and relief characteristics, with forest structure
and composition, and site conditions strongly related to altitude, location on the relief
and slope. Floristic patterns revealed by the classification (UPGMA, TWINSPAN)
and ordination (DCA, CCA) of the 51 forest areas are strongly related to climatic and
geographical variables. Köppen climatic types are shown to be good predictors of
similarities between the areas. CCA reveals a gradient from low latitude, lowland
warm areas with high rainfall to higher latitude and altitude, colder and drier areas.
All methods distinguish the semideciduous from the coastal moist forests, with a
transitional montane ecotone between the two main forest types. High altitude areas
indicate links with Araucaria forests. Past (1970) and current land cover maps were
produced, with results from local and regional scales analysis used as surrogate
information for the classification. A conceptual model for the Atlantic forest
vegetation in southeastern Brazil is proposed, based on the relationships between the
forest vegetation and the physical environment.