Adauto Cardoso

Slum upgrading policies and practices have continued to interest both scholars and practitioners. The 2007 launch of the Brazilian Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) has added a new dimension to the debate. The latter represented an ambitious program of interventions, regulation and finance that articulated states and municipalities at national level around the development of local slum upgrading programmes, with a scope and scale that had never been achieved before in the country. Our main objective here is not to review the relative extensive and growing literature on slum upgrading in the Global South. Nevertheless, a few observations are in place to both situate our empirical analysis regarding the impact of PAC within the broader discussions on slum upgrading, as well as to argue how this paper contributes to the existing work in the field. A first strand of research has emphasised the evolution of national slum upgrading policies, often illustrated with the analysis of specific upgrading experiences in emblematic cities to reinforce the overall argument. This historical approach has stressed how initial slum clearance and removal has given place to ‘non-conventional’ strategies such as incremental housing, aided self-help, sites and services and the rolling out of upgrading programs. A number of authors have also claimed the more recent hollowing out of these ‘alternative’ approaches and the comeback of ‘conventional’ housing strategies through the provision of social market housing, or the emergence of urban entrepreneurialism through large urban redevelopment projects (Wakely 2015; Lindert, 2015; Dupont et al. 2016). This strand of work frequently combines broader historical research on tendencies of donors and national governments with paradigmatic upgrading experiences in specific flagship cities (Imparato and Ruster 2003; Burra 2005; Magalhâes 2016). Dupont et al. (2016), for example, analyse Rio de Janeiro, Delhi, Chennai, Durban, Cape Town and Lima in order to flesh out the mismatches between the design and implementation of upgrading and its subsequent undermining through urban neoliberalisation in Brazil, India, South Africa and Peru. Likewise, Ren (2017) combines detailed case studies in Rio, Bombay and Ghuangzhou in order to analyse how the inherent tensions between entrepreneurial urban governance and slum upgrading strategies are being played out in these countries. Along the same lines, Werlin (1999) provides an extensive overview of large-scale upgrading experiences in Calcutta, Jakarta and Manilla and argues that the ‘minimal state’ approach that was implicitly advocated by John Turner is unlikely to succeed in up-scaling policies in these countries (and the Global South as such) if issues such as land tenure, the finance-cost-recovery nexus and participation in the design, implementation and maintenance of projects are not taken into consideration. A second strand in the upgrading literature is focussed on detailed, sometimes comparative case studies on the limits and potentials of slum upgrading

As cidades brasileiras mostram de forma eloquente as desigualdades e as precarias condicoes de vida da populacao pobre. Os mecanismos formais de acesso a terra e a moradia, seja pela via do mercado, seja pela via das politicas publicas, sempre foram insuficientes, atendendo apenas parte das necessidades reais e atraves de solucoes habitacionais de baixa qualidade e com um escasso grau de integracao a infra-estrutura e aos equipamentos urbanos. Ao mesmo tempo, a maior parte da populacao de baixa renda so viabilizou o acesso a habitacao atraves de processos de ocupacao de terras ociosas e de autoconstrucao da moradia, gerando assentamentos insalubres, frequentemente ocupando areas de risco e com a sua seguranca fisica comprometida pela ausencia de tecnicas e de materiais adequados para a construcao.

This study addresses the political and economic basis of milícias in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the effects of government regulation of legal and illegal markets on their expansion. The period under study was 2007-2020-of remarkable expansion of milícias-and the information analyzed were accessed from three different databases: 1) the Map of Armed Groups in Rio de Janeiro; 2) Data on police raids between 2007 and 2019 from the GENI/UFF database; 3) data from the City of Rio de Janeiro Secretariat of Urbanism (SMU) database in the period between 2009-2019. 258 Hirata et al.

O tema da inovacao tecnologica e usualmente associado as areas hard da ciencia ou as demandas das grandes empresas ou dos grandes grupos economicos. Paralelamente a esses debates, encontram-se iniciativas que buscam identificar alternativas para que esforcos e recursos possam ser aplicados no desenvolvimento de sistemas, metodos, materiais e produtos cuja utilizacao possa ter resultados mais imediatos na melhoria efetiva das condicoes de vida da maioria da populacao, ou, mais particularmente, dos setores desfavorecidos. Dentro dessa problematica, delineou-se recentemente como campo de reflexao e de investigacao a proposta da Tecnologia Social, articulando-se a outros debates em campos proximos como os da Economia Solidaria ou da Economia Popular. A expressao Tecnologia Social comeca a ser difundida no meio academico e institucional brasileiro a partir de 2003, quando tambem se iniciam as articulacoes para a constituicao da Rede de Tecnologia Social (RTS), envolvendo entidades de pes...

Slum u pgrading w as c onsolidated i n Brazil from the 1980s onwards, based on experiences held in big Brazilian cities, under the responsibility of local governments. This paper aims to develop an evaluation of the Brazilian experience of slum upgrading, based on literature on the issue and on research developed by the author in 6 metropolitan areas (Rio

Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 303277 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 303277. ...

0 texto pretende apontar os elemento s básicos que
orientam o pensamento de Lucio Costa sobre alguns campo s temáticos importantes na definição futura do ideário desenvolvido pelo arquiteto sobre o urbanismo . Pode-se dizer , neste sentido , que  e pretend e configurar aqui , de forma esquemática um a "visão de mundo " que orientará o discurso e a prática do nosso urbanista maior ao longo dos anos .

Abstract In accordance with global trends, the Brazilian formal housing market experienced huge growth from 2005 to October 2008. This growth might be explained by several factors: changes in the law regarding property rights issued by the Federal Government; changes ...