Ana Paula Rovedder

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a fenologia reprodutiva em um plantio de Monteverdia ilicifolia, cujas mudas foram produzidas com Trichoderma e vermicomposto, visando identificar o momento em que ocorre a mudança para a fase adulta reprodutiva da espécie e possíveis efeitos dos bioestimulantes no desenvolvimento reprodutivo das plantas. A semeadura foi realizada em tubetes de 180 cm³ de volume em casa de vegetação em novembro de 2015. Para o ensaio com Trichoderma spp., foram testadas três cepas não-comerciais (cepas T1 e T2: Trichoderma asperelloides; T10: Trichoderma virens) inoculadas em substrato comercial e um tratamento sem Trichoderma (controle), constituindo quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições cada, totalizando 20 plantas. Para o ensaio com vermicomposto, foram testadas diferentes proporções de vermicomposto e solo não-estéril. Os percentuais de vermicomposto avaliados foram: 0; 20; 40; 50; 60 e 80% em relação ao solo não-estéril (tratamentos T0, T20, T40, T50, T60 e T8...

Para estimar-se as variacoes da temperatura do solo em area de campo nativo e em um nucleo de degradacao do solo, ambos sobre Neossolo Quartzarenico distrofico no sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, foram implantados conjuntos de geotermometros a 3, 10 e 20 cm de profundidade. Observou-se as variacoes da temperatura do solo em quatro tratamentos: campo nativo com plantas de cobertura (C+PC), area degradada revegetada com plantas de cobertura (AD+PC), campo nativo(C), area degradada, caracterizada pela retirada da vegetacao e exposicao do solo arenoso (AD). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado , com tres repeticoes. As observacoes da temperatura do solo foram realizadas de quinze em quinze dias durante o ano de 2002, nos horarios das 9, 12, 15 e 18 horas, considerando-se, para efeito de resultados, as medias para as estacoes do ano de primavera, verao, outono e inverno. A cultura de cobertura utilizada consistiu de um consorcio entre o Lupinus albescens H. ...

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral caracterizar a influência do solo e da topografia no componente arbóreo de fragmentos, no entorno do Reservatório Divisa, na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, Sul do Brasil. O levantamento da vegetação foi realizado em quatro fragmentos, sendo em cada parcela (10 x 20 m) efetuada a identificação e medição da circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) dos indivíduos com CAP ≥ 30 cm. Os dados de vegetação foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento. Adicionalmente, foram obtidas as variáveis ambientais, como declividade média das parcelas e amostras de solo, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. A correlação entre os dados ambientais e de vegetação foi realizada por meio da Análise de Correspondência Canônica. As características físicas do solo não apresentaram influência nos grupos formados e nas espécies. Nos capões, a constante presença do gado influenciou negativamente a estrutura do sub-bosque, assim como as características químicas...

Monitoring through good ecological indicators is still a challenge in assessing the results of ecological restoration in Brazil. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate ecological indicators of the restoration process by applied nucleation implanted two years and seven years ago in the south of Brazil. A total of twenty 5 m x 5 m plots were evaluated in each area, arranged systematically under the nuclei. All shrub-tree individuals with height greater than 30 cm were counted and identified. The species were classified according to the dispersion syndrome and shade tolerance. Shannon’s diversity and Pielou’s evenness indices were calculated. Canopy coverage was verified by a convex spherical densiometer. Analysis of variance (p <0.05) were used to compare floristic composition, structure and function group indicators between areas. We adjusted simple linear regression models between the area occupation of the nucleus and the richness and number of individuals of natura...

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed natural regeneration floristic patterns in spring habitats submitted to different ecological restoration actions in the seasonal forest in Atlantic Forest biome, Rio Grande do Sul. We assessed floristic composition in six springs before restoration actions and 12 months later. We identified and counted all regenerating individuals with height greater than or equal to 30 cm and diameter at breast height less than or equal to 5 cm in eight plots in each spring. The richness and abundance of each spring and assessment were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was performed to verify floristic patterns and association between species. Results showed an increase in richness and abundance after ecological restoration implementation. The DCA showed a distinct floristic composition between springs. The springs remaining natural vegetation and the successional stage of these vegetation influenced the natural re...

Crops of medicinal plants demand careful attention with agrochemicals in order to avoid changing the composition of its active principles. Biological inputs are more recommended for this purpose. We tested the effects of Trichoderma and vermicompost on Bauhinia forficata Link. seedlings, one of the most exploited species for medicinal purposes. Two trials were installed in a completely randomized design with 40 replicates in a greenhouse in southern Brazil. We tested two Trichoderma asperelloides strains (T1 and T2) and two Trichoderma harzianum strains (T13 and T33) inoculated on substrate and a control treatment (substrate without inoculation). The vermicompost assay tested the proportions 0, 20, 40, 50, 60 and 80 % vermicompost (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively). The variables of height, collar diameter, chlorophyll content and leaf number were evaluated at 45, 90 and 135 days after seeding. We analyzed seedlings survival, leaf area, shoot and root total dry biomass, and Di...

This study evaluated seed rain in different forest formation soil uses in the Serra do Sudeste region, Pampa biome. Four area were selected: active restoration (Area 1), passive restoration (Area 2), eucalyptus commercial plantation (Area 3) and native forest (Area 4). Ten permanent collectors of 1 m² each were installed in each area, being suspended 1 meter above the soil surface. Collections were made monthly for twelve months in 2018. The analyzed variables were: the number of morphospecies, number of individuals, the indices of Margalef richness, Pielou evenness, Shannon diversity, Jaccard floristic similiarity, and possible correlations by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Total number of seeds sampled during the period was 239,988, distributed across 116 morphospecies. The area under active restoration (Area 1) did not differ statistically by the Kruskall-Wallis test (p < 0.05) of the native forest (Area 4) for the number of seeds. Area 1 presented a higher number of...

The interest in using biotechnology tools that contribute to reducing the need for chemical inputs in agroforestry production has increased in recent years, aiming at higher quality for the environment and for society. This interest is also applied to medicine species consumed in natura. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on germination and initial growth of Maytenus ilicifolia seedlings. Laboratory and greenhouse tests were carried out using Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from three different strains identified as Trichoderma asperelloides (T1 & T2 strains) and Trichoderma virens (T10 strain). In laboratory, M. ilicifolia seeds without aryl were inoculated in solutions containing fungal spores and distributed in substrate paper in four replicates of 25 seeds/treatment. The first germination count, accumulated germination, percentages of accumulated dead seeds and firm seeds were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation. The same i...

 http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810563O setor florestal desempenha um papel importante no contexto socioeconômico e ambiental brasileiro, por isso o avanço no conhecimento sobre os solos florestais torna-se essencial para o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, seja como base de conservação do patrimônio natural ou como recurso para o desenvolvimento econômico. Solo florestal pode ser definido como aquele cuja pedogênese está associada à influência de uma tipologia florestal ou o que apresenta uma cobertura de floresta natural ou plantada. Diferenciar solos florestais daqueles ocupados com outros usos auxilia na compreensão das possíveis alterações relacionadas à cobertura vegetal e no desenvolvimento de melhores estratégias de manejo para o uso do solo e da floresta. No entanto, ainda não há um consenso em torno do termo, uma vez que o solo apresenta variações de acordo com as características da floresta, estimulando a discussão relativa à sua interpretação e aplicabilidade. A p...

Bauhinia forficata (Fabaceae) occurs in many phytophysiognomies of southern Brazil, however its ecological relevance is not well understood. The present study was developed in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul and aimed to determine variations in pollen viability along flowering, ability to perform autogamy and dye efficiency for the viability test. Pollen viability was determined by colorimetry as well as the ability to perform autogamy by isolating floral buds, being evaluated in eleven matrices. Average pollen viability was 81.43%, with the highest average value obtained with the dye 2,3,5Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) (84.11%). Safranin was not a good indicator at the tested concentration. No correlation was found between pollen viability and flowering time. The species demonstrated an inability to perform autogamy.

A distribuição populacional das espécies florestais é um importante subsídio para o entendimento da estrutura da floresta, e seu manejo econômico e conservacionista. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo da estrutura populacional da espécie nativa Escallonia bifida Link & Otto, em área em vias de restauração na região central do RS. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos da espécie presentes na classe regenerativa e arbórea nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Para avaliação da classe arbórea foram implantadas 16 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (Classe III) e 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe II) e para a regeneração 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe I). Na classe III foram medidos indivíduos de CAP ≥ 15 cm, na classe II indivíduos de 5,1 ≥ CAP ≤ 14,9 cm e classe I: 1 ≤ CAP ≥ 5 cm. Na avaliação da estrutura populacional foram analisados os parâmetros fitossociológicos, a distribuição espacial através do índice de Morisita e a distribuição diamétrica. A população de Escallonia bifida aprese...

O tombamento de árvores como patrimônio visa a proteção de indivíduos com importância histórica, cultural, ecológica ou científica. Objetivou-se analisar quali-quantitativamente o patrimônio vegetal tombado do município de Santa Maria-RS, e as alterações ao longo de 25 anos entre os únicos censos realizados, em 1989 e 2014. Analisaram-se número de indivíduos; origem das espécies; famílias botânicas; localização; ameaças; fenologia reprodutiva; dados dendrométricos e idade. O município tinha 106 árvores tombadas em 1989, com redução de 58,5% em 2014. Quanto à origem, espécies nativas regionais sofreram a maior redução (27%). Verificou-se a presença de duas espécies exóticas invasoras tombadas como árvores patrimoniais. As principais ameaças identificadas são pressão imobiliária, vandalismo e comprometimento da estrutura geral da árvore. Em média, 90% dos indivíduos se localizam em áreas privadas nos dois censos e, em 2014, 80% destes possuíam área livre ampla. Eventos fenológicos rep...

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 × 1 m²) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that th...

Bamboo grove may cause changes in the structure and floristic composition of natural regeneration. This study evaluated the impact caused by Bambusa tuldoides Munro at natural regeneration, in riparian forest in Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Two areas were evaluated: riparian forest without bamboos (SB) as the reference area, and riparian forest dominated by Bambusa tuldoides (CB). In 2014, ten plots (10x10 m) were installed in each area. All individuals belonging to classes I (30≤ H <130 cm) and II (CBH≤5 cm) were measured and identified. Floristic composition, phytosociological indexes, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness, Simpson dominance, Sorensen similarity, and cluster analysis by Twinspan were evaluated. Richness and absolute density decreased in CB compared to SB. The areas presented low floristic similarity, and high dominance of one or more species in both classes. Myrtaceae was the predominant botanic family in SB, especially Campomanesia xanthocarpa. In ...

The current paper focuses on potential medicinal use of forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. Floristic and phytosociological surveys were carried out in 2011 and 2012. Results were compared with the available information in scientific literature about popular knowledge and biological/pharmacological evidences. Each species was classified in use categories to diseases, symptoms our disorders based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). In 2011, we found a total of 31 species, 77,4% of them with medicinal use. In 2012, we found 33 species,72,7% of them with medicinal use. The species most frequently mentioned were Casearia sylvestris, Eugenia uniflora, Cabralea canjerana, Luehea divaricata, Parapiptadenia rigida and Vitex megapotamica. The main species with biological/pharmacological properties were C. sylvestris, E. uniflora, L. divaricata, V. megapotamica and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. We concluded that there is a considerable potential for medicinal purposes to forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in the study region. We recommend further studies mainly about the species Prunus myrtifolia, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Cabralea canjerana and Casearia sylvestris which presented references to antitumoral properties.

In order to evaluate the regeneration of a forest remnant, we installed 256 2 x 2 m plots for measuring forest species individuals with height ≥ 30 cm and stem diameter ≤ 1 cm. Horizontal structure was evaluated and calculated by the Shannon (H') diversity index and the Pielou (J) evenness index. We performed clustering analysis by the agglomerative and divisive hierarchical method (the variable was the number of individuals); and used the Principal Component Analysis to verify the species distribution. We sampled 3021 individuals, distributed in 26 families and 51 species (H' = 2.78 and J = 0.66). Allophylus edulis had the highest values of absolute frequency (63.3) and absolute density (5186 ind.ha-1), while Ligustrum lucidum presented greater dissimilarity. The analysis showed the presence of regeneration mechanisms, and evidenced biological invasion problem.

CIÊNCIAS FLORESTAIS (FOREST SCIENCES) RESUMO: A presente pesquisa analisou o desenvolvimento inicial e a fenologia reprodutiva de mudas de espécies nativas, plantadas em núcleos de diversidade, para restauração de mata ciliar no munícipio de Itaara-RS, Brasil. Foram plantadas 300 mudas de dez espécies, dispostas em 60 núcleos. Avaliaram-se a sobrevivência, altura total (H), diâmetro à altura do solo (DAS) e fenologia reprodutiva. As taxas de sobrevivência e crescimento em H e DAS apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as espécies. As espécies pioneiras apresentaram maior sobrevivência e crescimento quando comparadas com aquelas de estágio sucessional mais avançado. Quanto à fenologia se destacam Schinus terebinthifolius e Psidium cattleianum, que apresentaram floração e frutificação padronizadas, cerca de 12 meses após o plantio. S. terebinthifolius foi a espécie que apresentou melhor desempenho quanto ao crescimento, desenvolvimento incial e padrões fenológicos, podendo ser recomendada para ações de restauração. ABSTRACT: We analyzed the initial development and reproductive phenology of seedlings of native species, planted in diversity nuclei, in an area of restoration of riparian forest in Itaará municipality, RS, Brazil. Initially 300 seedlings of ten species were planted and arranged in 60 nuclei. The variables evaluated were survival, total height (H), diameter at soil height (DAS) and reproductive phenology. Survival and growth rates in H and DAS showed significant differences between species. Among the analyzed species, the pioneers presented greater survival and growth when compared to those of more advanced successional stage. Phenotype stands out for Schinus terebinthifolius and Psidium cattleianum, which showed standardized flowering and fruiting, about 12 months after planting. S. terebinthifolius was the species that presented better performance regarding growth, early development and phenological patterns, and could be recommended for restoration actions.

Resumo A análise preliminar do banco de sementes pode auxiliar no planejamento e execução da estratégia de transposição e, assim, potencializar o sucesso da restauração ecológica. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição florística do banco de sementes em três fragmentos da Floresta Estacional na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os tratamentos foram: centro de fragmento florestal com formato retangular em estágio sucessional inicial a intermediário (FI), centro (FII-C) e borda (FII-B) de fragmento com formato circular em estágio sucessional inicial a intermediário e voçoroca estabilizada em sucessão inicial e formato alongado (FIII). Foram coletadas amostras até a profundidade de 5 cm com gabarito de 0,25 x 0,25 m, sendo oito repetições por tratamento. As plântulas emergentes foram contadas e identificadas. Os locais foram comparados quanto ao número de sementes germinadas, riqueza de espécies, forma de vida e origem pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Foi observado um total de 473 indivíduos, de 30 espécies e 13 famílias. A maior riqueza foi encontrada em FII-B (17 espécies). FIII apresentou o maior número de sementes germinadas (576 ind./m 2), maior germinação de poáceas e maior densidade de exóticas invasoras. FI e FII-B apresentaram maior diversidade e baixo número de espécies exóticas invasoras. Conclui-se que a análise preliminar foi eficiente para identificar áreas favoráveis à doação para transposição do solo, os remanescentes de floresta estacional em estágio sucessional intermediário (FI e FII-B) podem ser indicados como doadores do banco de sementes, por apresentarem maior diversidade e baixo número de espécies exóticas invasoras. Palavras-chave: Estágio sucessional; estrutura ecossistêmica; sementes germinadas. Abstract Analysis of the seed bank for a transposition strategy for ecological restoration in Rio Grande do Sul. Preliminary analysis of the seed bank can help in the planning and execution of the transposition strategie and, thus, potentiate the success of ecological restoration. We objective to evaluate the floristic composition of the seed bank in three fragments of the seasonal forest in the center of Rio Grande do Sul. The treatments were center of forest fragment with rectangular design in initial to intermediate succession stage (FI), center (FII-C) and border positions (FII-B) of fragment with circular design in initial to intermediate succession stage and stabilized gully in initial succession with elongated design (FIII). Samples were collected to 5 cm depth with frame of 0.25 x 0.25 m, eight repeats by treatments. Emerging seedlings were counted and identified. The sites were compared for the number of germinated seeds, species richness, lifeforms and origins by the Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 473 individuals belonging to 30 species and 13 botany families were observed. The greatest richness was found in FII-B (17 spp). FIII had the highest number of germinated seeds (576 ind./m 2), higher germination of Poaceae and higher density of invasive exotics. FI and FII-B showed greater diversity and low number of invasive exotic species. We conclude which the preliminary analysis was efficient to identify areas favorable to donation for soil transposition, the seasonal forest remnants in the intermediate successional stage (FI and FII-B) may be indicated as donors of the seed bank, because they present greater diversity and low number of invasive alien species.

The interest in using biotechnology tools that contribute to reducing the need for chemical inputs in agroforestry production has increased in recent years, aiming at higher quality for the environment and for society. This interest is also applied to medicine species consumed in natura. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on germination and initial growth of Maytenus ilicifolia seedlings. Laboratory and greenhouse tests were carried out using Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from three different strains identified as Trichoderma asperelloides (T1 & T2 strains) and Trichoderma virens (T10 strain). In laboratory, M. ilicifolia seeds without aryl were inoculated in solutions containing fungal spores and distributed in substrate paper in four replicates of 25 seeds/treatment. The first germination count, accumulated germination, percentages of accumulated dead seeds and firm seeds were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation. The same isolates were used to evaluate the effect on the initial growth of seedling in a greenhouse through a completely randomized design with 40 replicates, considering a seedling as each replicate. Trichoderma spp. isolates were inoculated on the substrate used as the basis for seeding. Seeds of M. ilicifolia were used from the same batch of the laboratory test, but without removing the aryl. The variables of total height, diameter at root collar and number of leaves were evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after seeding. A positive effect of Trichoderma inoculation on seed germination and vigor was observed in the laboratory, with emphasis on the T2 isolate. Growth promoting effects on the M. ilicifolia seedlings were not observed in greenhouse. We suggest to better investigate the interaction between the tested Trichoderma isolates and M. ilicifolia seeds in the presence of aryl.

2 Potencial de Regeneração Natural da Vegetação no Pampa Indicadores utilizados O Pampa é caracterizado pelo predomí-nio da vegetação campestre, mas tam-bém possui áreas florestais e formações savanóides com extensão considerável em algumas regiões. Campos e florestas diferem quanto aos fatores que favore-cem a regeneração natural. A remoção de distúrbios como o gado e o fogo seguidos do isolamento da área geralmente favore-cem a regeneração natural das formações florestais, por possibilitarem processos de sucessão secundária. Entretanto, a remoção do gado e do fogo podem ter efeito oposto nas áreas com fisionomias campestres, já que sua ausência pode re-duzir a riqueza e a diversidade das comu-nidades vegetais que formam os campos nativos do bioma 1. Por conta destas dife-renças, optou-se por analisar separada-mente as microbacias com predomínio de Tabela 1. Indicadores utilizados para as análises das microbacias do Pampa, de acordo com o tipo de fitosionomia presente nas microbacias (campestre ou florestal).