Samuel Essuman

The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%. Copyright © 2019 IJASRD. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Common Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. HIGHLIGHTS 1) Production of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. 2) Production of HHO gas using KOH as catalyst. 3) Measurement of HHO gas flow rate. 4) Modification of the petrol engine using a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. 5) Determination of performance of HHO gas on emission characteristics of a petrol engine.

This research work seeks to design and develop an oxyhydrogen generator for HHO gas production. Key parameters considered in this study include electrode area, electrodes spacing, electrode surface conditioning, and electrode configuration as well as the efficiency of the generator. The constructed generator consisted of 26 plates made up of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes and 20 neutral plates with each having dimension of 10cm x 10 cm. The adjacent plates was spaced at a distance of 2 mm. The efficiency of the constructed generator was evaluated using0.01 M-0.03 M strengths of KOH at a constant voltage of 13 V. The Results showed an optimum efficiency of 11.9 % when the HHO generator was run using 0.02 M KOH at 13 V for 1 hour.Highlights: 1. Designing an HHO generator 2. Development of an HHO generator 3. Determination of the efficiency of an HHO generator using KOH as a catalyst

A great challenge in water electrolysis is how to optimize the major factors that influence the production of hydrogen gas. Over the past years, different methods have been used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon-base fossil fuels but these methods have been proven to be environmentally unfriendly due to the enormous release of greenhouse gases associated with their use. In this work, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electrolyte strength, voltage and time on the volume of HHO gas produced using a design built HHO gas generator. The generator was constructed from Stainless Steel 316 L plates made of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes, and 20 neutral plates. During the study, the strengths of KOH, NaOH, and NaHCO 3 was prepared within the range of 0.010 M-0.030 M. The prepared strengths for each catalyst were then varied across voltage range of 9 V to 13 V for 50 seconds. The experimental results obtained showed that, increasing electro-lyte strength, voltage and time proportionally increased the yield of HHO gas. An optimal yield rate of 2.27 cm 3 /s of HHO gas was obtained when the generator was run at 13 V using 0.025 M KOH. In addition, other factors studied including electrode surface morphology, plate's configuration, and temperature also showed improvement in yield of HHO gas by 41.85%, 69.74%, and 71.96% respectively.