Patryk Brambert

Migrations of seniors in the 21st century accurately reflect the socio-demographic changes in developed countries. Their intensity increases in various parts of the world. In Europe, pensioners from the north move to the region of the Mediterranean Sea. Seniors from the United States and Canada are attracted to the countries of Central and South America. The goal of this study is to identify the trends in foreign migrations of seniors in selected countries of the world, with special regard to the migration of Polish pensioners. The study shows that contemporary seniors can afford to purchase property abroad and the driving forces for the migration movement include: warm climate, beautiful landscape, and a healthier and slower pace of living at the final destination. However, when it comes to Polish pensioners, the main reason for their migrations is their attempt to improve their economic conditions.

Klastry pełnią istotną funkcję w rozwoju procesów przedsiębiorczości, opartych na innowacyjności. Jest to problematyka szeroko dyskutowana w literaturze zagranicznej, jednak wymaga w dalszym ciągu wnikliwych analiz na gruncie krajowym. Przedmiotem badań opisywanych w artykule było Grono Targowe Kielce – największy i najstarszy klaster w województwie świętokrzyskim. W pracy wykazano znaczenie wpływu funduszy strukturalnych pozyskiwanych przez członków klastra na ukierunkowywanie charakteru rozwoju regionu świętokrzyskiego. Zanalizowano strukturę finansowania projektów zrealizowanych przez podmioty gospodarcze należące do wybranego klastra, a także wyłącznie przez koordynatora zrzeszenia. Zakres czasowy objął lata 2005–2013. Wykazano zwłaszcza realizacje, które dotyczyły województwa świętokrzyskiego, czyli zostały przeznaczone bezpośrednio bądź pośrednio na jego rozwój, z podziałem na poprawę przedsiębiorczości, innowacyjności i konkurencyjności. Wyniki badań pozwoliły wskazać, iż śro...

Polish rural areas face various social, economic and ecological problems. These processes greatly affect diversification of the standard of living in rural areas. The goal of the study was to assess spatial diversification of the standard of living in rural areas in Poland. It focused on all rural gminas as well as rural parts of rural-urban gminas. In the analysis, the standard of living was evaluated with Perkal’s synthetic index, with 12 variables concerning demographic and economic issues. The time span for the analysis was the period of 2003-2013. The highest standard of living was reported for rural areas located in the vicinity of urban agglomerations. The lowest standards of living were in typical rural gminas with poorly developed service functions. These were mainly depopulated areas from the outskirts of voivodeships. The Vistula River marked the dividing line in the standards of living in rural areas of Poland.

Przestrzeń agroturystyczną w Polsce południowo-wschodniej determinuje wiele czynników o różnym charakterze. Aktualnie coraz większą rolę przypisuje się innowacjom. Są one wskazane dla osiągnięcia konkurencyjności ofert turystycznych na tych obszarach. W pracy dokonano identyfikacji innowacji wprowadzanych przez gospodarstwa agroturystyczne zlokalizowane w czterech województwach wskazanej części kraju: lubelskim, małopolskim, podkarpackim i świętokrzyskim. Głównym celem jest ocena innowacyjności określonych przedsiębiorstw. W analizie uwzględniono opinie na ten temat w ramach wybranej grupy 607 posiadaczy gospodarstw agroturystycznych. Badania ankietowe wykonano w 2016 roku.

W procesie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich istotną rolę odgrywają organizacje pozarządowe i stowarzyszenia lokalne. Charakterystycznym przykładem takich inicjatyw są Lokalne Grupy Działania. Główną przesłanką działania LGD jest aktywizacja środowisk wiejskich w kierunku kształtowania rozwoju, poprzez sformułowanie potrzeb społeczności. Celem pracy jest ocena aktywności mieszkańców wsi woj. świętokrzyskiego w ramach inicjatyw podejmowanych przez wybrane LGD. W badaniu wykorzystano źródła wtórne dokonując kwerendy dostępnych materiałów: dokumentów stowarzyszeniowych, strategii, danych GUS, informacji z bazy Krajowej Sieci Obszarów Wiejskich 2014–2020. Aktywność społeczności lokalnej zbadano na podstawie informacji o zrealizowanych działaniach w latach 2014–2017, które zostały zamieszczone przez obrane LGD na portalu społecznościowym Facebook. Zakres czasowy analiz objął lata 2007–2017. W badaniu uwzględniono 5 LGD, które mają siedziby na terenie woj. świętokrzyskiego i są zlokalizowane w r...

The state of spatial planning of communities of Świętokrzyskie Mountains region The spatial planning and the socio-economic development are the objects of care in the space of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains region. Accuracy of diagnoses and spatial strategies, substantial correctness of physical management plans are of special importance for the quality of the space of communities of such a valuable area. The present work is an analysis of the state of spatial planning in this mountain region. The notion of spatial planning is hereby understood as an existing or planned physical organization of space defined by the land use or the spatial distribution of social and economic activities, spatial structures and different kinds of related infrastructure as well as the functional dependencies among given structures and infrastructures and their elements. The analysed elements included the physiographic bases of the management, demographic situation, enterprise and equipping with the munici...

Economic potential of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region Socio-economic development of every area is the result of many conditions. The level of development of a given area, among others, reflects its competitiveness, which is mostly influenced by the entrepreneurship processes that occur in it. The present description assesses the entrepreneurship potential and the attractiveness of the communities in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region by means of a synthetic indicator. The analysis was based on six indicators related to an increase in the number of enterprises, intensity and level of entrepreneurship, level of competitiveness and development potential.

The study evaluates the spatial differentiation in the structure of the standards of living in the EU countries. Typical measures that characterize social and economic processes were employed. They included: infant mortality, share of the pre-productive population, unemployment rate, information technology accessibility, level of scholarization, healthcare accessibility, crime level and suicide mortality. The basic research method involved the procedure of a synthetic measure developed on the basis of score classification.

Support for rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship by the Union programmes In the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship, as in the whole of Poland, the scale of support of socio-economical growth with the use of foreign public funds has been systematically increasing since the year 2000. Considering the scale of the assigned funds, it can be stated that transitions in the agriculture were supported the most which means that potentially the biggest changes associated with received support can be noticed in this category. However, it has to be noted that the actual influence of the support is mostly linked to the spending effectiveness and adapting the projects to the real needs of a certain area. The funds have potentially supporting yet heterogeneous and diverse influence.

The economic performance of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is not one of the best in the country. The level of its development is visibly lower than in the majority of provinces. However, this situation is improving, especially due to development-oriented activities of the largest regional companies. The present study shows the spatial diversity of leading enterprises’ economic power in the Świętokrzyskie Region. The market power of the enterprises which were selected from among 120 of the leading entities was determined on the basis of the following factors: income value, number of employees and the number of capital and personal relationships. The ownership and generic structures were also taken into consideration.

Shaping the rate of unemployment in the communes of the Świętokrzyskie province The majority of scientific publications which are connected with the evaluation of shaping the level of unemployment generally focuses their attention on larger territorial units (regions, provinces). The aim of this work is to present changes of the unemployment rate in all communes (basic administrative units) of the Świętokrzyskie province, including labour market transformations. Researches spread over a period between 1999-2007.

THE SYNTHETIC ASSESSMENT OF PREDISPOSITIONS OF RURAL AREAS TO DEVELOPT AGROTOURISM WITH REFERENCE TO THE HELLWIG METHOD, THE CASE OF THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE MOUNTAINS The general aim of the article is to analyze the predispositions of rural communes to the development of agrotourist in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region. The research also concerns the estimation of main predispositions to the development of rural areas in the region. The article shows the different conditions of rural areas development in Świętokrzyskie. It also discusses the distribution of communes in the Świętokrzyskie Mts. Region considering differential potential of their development. The aim of this study is also trying to estimate development predispositions in rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie Mts. Region. Statistical data supplied by WUS in Kielce were used to conduct the statistical analysis. Some diagnostic features were used in the characterization of the differential potential of development in rural areas....

The structure of cluster in the spatial and economic system of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship – the case of Grono Targowe Kielce The conception of relationships and interdependencies between economic entities, which become strong just because they are interrelated, is an extremely important starting point for many global economies that wish to influence the progress of entrepreneurship and sustainable development. It has been happening more and more often in Poland. An example of realization of this idea is the Grono Targowe Kielce cluster. The paper study describes the importance and structure of the cluster in the territorial and economic system of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.

The study evaluates the spatial differentiation in the structure of the standards of living in the EU countries. Typical measures that characterize social and economic processes were employed. They included: infant mortality, share of the pre-productive population, unemployment rate, information technology accessibility, level of scholarization, healthcare accessibility, crime level and suicide mortality. The basic research method involved the procedure of a synthetic measure developed on the basis of score classification.

Support for rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship by the Union programmes In the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship, as in the whole of Poland, the scale of support of socio-economical growth with the use of foreign public funds has been systematically increasing since the year 2000. Considering the scale of the assigned funds, it can be stated that transitions in the agriculture were supported the most which means that potentially the biggest changes associated with received support can be noticed in this category. However, it has to be noted that the actual influence of the support is mostly linked to the spending effectiveness and adapting the projects to the real needs of a certain area. The funds have potentially supporting yet heterogeneous and diverse influence.

Shaping the rate of unemployment in the communes of the Świętokrzyskie province The majority of scientific publications which are connected with the evaluation of shaping the level of unemployment generally focuses their attention on larger territorial units (regions, provinces). The aim of this work is to present changes of the unemployment rate in all communes (basic administrative units) of the Świętokrzyskie province, including labour market transformations. Researches spread over a period between 1999-2007.

Evaluation of cities of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in respect of entrepreneurship potential and economic attractiveness in the years 2004-2013:
Nowadays, the phenomenon of competition is an essential driving force for sustainable development of spatial units. It concerns spaces of different scales and companies of any size. Their ability to adapt to rapidly changing state of economy is expressed by their competing to maintain or improve the level of development, to achieve greater importance in the space, to have access to external benefits. The situation of entrepreneurship is its crucial determinant. It specifies the functions and character of the area and its potential to participate in creating a modern economic system. The economic attractiveness of the territory increases along with the increase in the level of entrepreneurship.
This article assesses the entrepreneurship potential and the economic attractiveness of 31 cities in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, using the following indicators: 1) dynamics of enterprises, 2) the number of natural person entities per 1000 representatives of working-age population, 3) the number of foundations, associations and social organisations per 1000 citizens, 4) the percentage of companies with foreign capital. The set was the basis for the synthetic indicator procedure, which allowed to classify cities according to the two examined characteristics. In the first case, the size of the indicator has comprised all the indicators (in 2013), in the second - the values of their progressive or regressive change in the years 2004-2013, without the indicator for the dynamics of enterprises. Due to the specificity of the net of the cities in the voivodeship, it is necessary to examine entrepreneurship development in the area. The present article is an attempt to fulfill a research gap in this domain.
Compared to the voivodeship as a whole, the cities received together above-average results of the indices of entrepreneurship potential, except for dynamics in business activity. Their huge role in shaping the economic attractiveness of the region was confirmed by the higher progressive changes of: the level of entrepreneurship in the civil society sector and the percentage of foreign partnerships. What remained negative in this relation was a symbolic decrease in attractiveness of private sector location.
Each of the two classifications identified four groups of areas with different character. It has been determined that the most competitive cities are: Stąporków, Kielce, Jędrzejów, Staszów. The analysis of the situation of the main cities leads to the conclusions that entrepreneurship is mostly stimulated by: industrial legacy and continuation of industrial function from before 1989; financial investment facilities, availability of land and of modern infrastructure, technological transfer, human and social capital; development of large local companies based on precious local ressources which favour development of new activities; multiplier effects. The cities of the voivodeship strongly influence one another as well as the surroundings. They initiate local and regional development through competing about new economic initiatives and through cooperation in supra-local undertakings.

Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy jest rezultatem wielu powiązanych ze sobą uwarunkowań. Poziom rozwoju każdego układu terytorialnego stanowi m.in. odzwierciedlenie stanu jego konkurencyjności, na co w głównej mierze wpływają zachodzące w jego obrębie procesy przedsiębiorczości. One determinują funkcje obszaru i możliwości kreowania nowoczesnego systemu gospodarki. W artykule przeprowadzono ocenę potencjału przedsiębiorczości i atrakcyjności gospodarczej miast regionu świętokrzyskiego przy pomocy miernika syntetycznego. Podstawą były wskaźniki obrazujące dynamikę liczby przedsiębiorstw, natężenie i poziom przedsiębiorczości.

The structure of cluster in the spatial and economic system of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship – the case of Grono Targowe Kielce:
The conception of relationships and interdependencies between economic entities, which become strong just because they are interrelated, is an extremely important starting point for many global economies that wish to influence the progress of entrepreneurship and sustainable development. It has been happening more and more often in Poland. An example of realization of this idea is the Grono Targowe Kielce cluster. The paper study describes the importance and structure of the cluster in the territorial and economic system of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.
Struktura klastra w systemie gospodarczym i przestrzennym województwa świętokrzyskiego na przykładzie Grona Targowego Kielce:
Koncepcja relacji i współzależności między podmiotami gospodarującymi, które stają się silne, właśnie dlatego, że są powiązane, stanowi niezmiernie istotny punkt wyjścia dla wielu światowych gospodarek, chcących wpłynąć na progres przedsiębiorczości oraz trwały i zrównoważony rozwój. Dzieje się tak coraz częściej w Polsce. Przykładem urzeczywistnienia tej idei jest klaster Grono Targowe Kielce. W pracy opisano jego znaczenie i strukturę w systemie terytorialnym oraz gospodarczym województwa świętokrzyskiego.

Evaluation of entrepreneurship potential and economic attractiveness of rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship:
Socio-economic development of given area is the result of many interrelated conditions. The level of development of a every area, among others, reflects its competitiveness, which is mostly influenced by the entrepreneurship processes that occur in it. This article assesses the entrepreneurship potential and the economic attractiveness of rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship by means of a synthetic indicator.
Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy danej przestrzeni jest efektem wielu powiązanych ze sobą uwarunkowań. Poziom rozwoju każdego obszaru stanowi m.in. odzwierciedlenie stanu jego konkurencyjności, na co w głównej mierze wpływają zachodzące w jego obrębie procesy przedsiębiorczości. W artykule przeprowadzono ocenę potencjału przedsiębiorczości i atrakcyjności ekonomicznej obszarów wiejskich regionu świętokrzyskiego przy pomocy miernika syntetycznego.

Spatial diversification of leading enterprises' economic power in the Świętokrzyskie Region:
The economic performance of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is not one of the best in the country. The level of its development is visibly lower than in the majority of provinces. However, this situation is improving especially due to development-oriented activities of the largest regional companies. The present study shows the spatial diversification of leading enterprises’ economic power in the Świętokrzyskie Region. The market power of the enterprises which were selected from among 120 of the leading entities was determined on the basis of the following factors: income value, number of employees, net profit and the number of capital and personal relationships. The ownership and generic structures were also taken into consideration.
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne siły ekonomicznej wiodących przedsiębiorstw w regionie świętokrzyskim:
Kondycja gospodarki województwa świętokrzyskiego nie należy do najlepszych w kraju. Poziom jego rozwoju gospodarczego jest wyraźnie niższy od większości województw. Stan ten jednak ulega poprawie, szczególnie za sprawą prorozwojowej działalności największych regionalnych przedsiębiorstw. Opracowanie przedstawia zróżnicowanie przestrzenne siły ekonomicznej dominujących przedsiębiorstw w gospodarce województwa świętokrzyskiego. Siła rynkowa wyodrębnionych z rankingu 120 wiodących podmiotów została wyrażona w oparciu o: wysokość przychodów, wielkość zatrudnienia, zysk netto oraz liczbę powiązań kapitałowo-osobowych. Uwzględniono przy tym ich strukturę własnościową oraz rodzajową.

Economic potential of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region:
Socio-economic development of every area is the result of many conditions. The level of development of a given area, among others, reflects its competitiveness, which is mostly influenced by the entrepreneurship processes that occur in it. The present description assesses the entrepreneurship potential and the attractiveness of the communities in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region by means of a synthetic indicator. The analysis was based on six indicators related to an increase in the number of enterprises, intensity and level of entrepreneurship, level of competitiveness and development potential.
Potencjał gospodarczy regionu Gór Świętokrzyskich:
Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy każdego obszaru stanowi wypadkową wielu uwarunkowań. Poziom rozwoju danej przestrzeni jest m.in. odzwierciedleniem stanu jej konkurencyjności, na co w głównej mierze wpływają zachodzące w niej procesy przedsiębiorczości. W opracowaniu dokonano oceny potencjału przedsiębiorczości i atrakcyjności gmin regionu Gór Świętokrzyskich przy użyciu miernika syntetycznego. Podstawą analizy było 6 wybranych wskaźników, dotyczących wzrostu liczby przedsiębiorstw, natężenia i poziomu przedsiębiorczości, stopnia konkurencyjności oraz potencjału rozwoju.