Journal of Mahani Mathematical Research

In the study of partially ordered sets, topologies such as Scott-topology have shown to be of paramount importance. In order to have analogous topology-like tools in the more general setting of quantitative domains, we introduce a method to construct Scott-topology on a set equipped with a transitive binary relation which we call t-set. As an application of this result there is a Scott-topology associated to any topology induced by its specialization pre-ordered relation. Some relations between this topology and the original topology are investigated.

A matrix A is said to be multivariate majorized by a matrix B, written A ≺ B, if there exists a doubly stochastic matrix D such that A = BD. In the present paper, we obtain a totally ordered subset of Mnm which contains a given matrix A. Also, we show that the totality of all extreme points of the collection of all matrices which are multivariately majorized by a matrix A is the set of all matrices obtained by permuting the columns of A.

In this survey, two new control charts CCLR and CCALR for bivariate exponential variables by dependence structure based on Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula model are introduced. Simulation study is done to make a comparison between two proposed control charts in terms of average run length (ARL). Results show that the CCALR performs better than CCLR. A numerical example is provided to fortify the theoretical findings.

This paper introduces a novel concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic Hausdorff space and KM-single valued neutrosophic manifold space. This study generalizes the concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic manifold space to union and product of KM-single valued neutrosophic manifold space and in this regard investigates some product of KM-single valued neutrosophic manifold spaces. Indeed, this study analyses the notation of KM-single valued neutrosophic manifold based on a valued-level subset.

The aim of this paper is to define the concepts of remotest points and approximate remotest points in G−metric spaces and obtain some existence results on these concepts. In particular, we define G−remotest points and G − −approximate remotest points by considering a cyclic map and prove some results in G−metric spaces.

Resources scarcity, available capabilities and cost-benefit point of view, make it essential to select the best project(s) from available projects. Project selection process has a significant role in the success of investment. The main question is "what projects should be financed?" Applied approach to answer this, should be real, fast, global, flexible, economic and easy to use. It is clear that choosing a good approach for project selection problem with economic and non-economic criteria can be vital for a project manager to success within constraints. The complexity of the problem increases when the number of projects and the number of objectives increase. Therefore, in this research we aim to present a new heuristic method based on genetic and simulates annealing to select and rank available projects based on economic and non-economic criteria. Presented method starts from initial solutions including multi population generated solutions, and moves toward the final solution based on genetic operators and objective function. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a set of randomly generated test problems with varying complexity. Comparison studies between our method with other recently method in the literature demonstrates the capability of it to find a good basket of projects. Experimental results prove that this method is applicable for all kinds of projects basket.

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), each node is free to move and connect over a wireless connection, without the requirement for a centralized controller or base station. These features make MANET useful and functional in a variety of areas, including tactical situations, sensor networks, and rescue operations. However, this type of network also has a range of issues such as security, Quality of Service, dynamic topology, scalability, the absence of central management, and energy consumption. In MANETs, some of the nodes do not take part in forwarding packets to other nodes to conserve their resources such as energy, bandwidth, and power. The nodes which act selfishly to conserve their resources are called selfish nodes. In recent years, mobile ad hoc networks have become a very popular research topic. In this paper, we classified techniques for detecting selfish nodes in 4 categories namely reputation-based scheme, credit-based scheme, acknowledgment-based scheme, and game-theoretic scheme. Then we mentioned different methods available for reducing the effect of selfish nodes in mobile ad hoc networks. Finally tables 1 and 2 show the comparison of techniques for detecting selfish nodes.

Our ultimate goal in this paper is to introduce a special type of topological spaces including manifolds and also, orbifolds. Because of using of generalized groups, we call them GG-spaces. We will study their properties, and then we will introduce a special GG-space that is not manifold and orbifold. Finally we obtain conditions that cause a GGspace to become manifold.

In this paper, we investigate an interesting subclass of univalent functions. Also, we introduce a new subclass of meromorphic bi-univalent functions. We obtain the estimates on the initial Taylor-Maclurin Coefficients for functions in the interesting subclass of meromorphically bi-univalent functions defined on ∆ = {z ∈ C : 1 < |z| < ∞}.

In this paper, some designs from the primitive permutation representations of the groups P SL 2 (81) and P SL 2 (89) are constructed using the Key-Moori Method 1. We determine the automorphism groups of all the obtained designs and prove that the groups P SL 2 (81), P SL 2 (81). 2, P SL 2 (81):2, P GL 2 (81), P ΣL 2 (81), P ΓL 2 (81), P SL 2 (89) and P SL 2 (89):2 appear as the automorphism groups of these constructed designs.

Let Mm,n be the set of all m-by-n real matrices. A matrix R in Mm,n with nonnegative entries is called strictly sub row stochastic if the sum of entries on every row of R is less than 1. For A, B ∈ Mm,n, we say that A is strictly sub row Hadamard majorized by B (denoted by A ≺ SH B) if there exists an m-by-n strictly sub row stochastic matrix R such that A = R • B where X • Y is the Hadamard product (entrywise product) of matrices X, Y ∈ Mm,n. In this paper, we introduce the concept of strictly sub row Hadamard majorization as a relation on Mm,n. Also, we find the structure of all linear operators T : Mm,n → Mm,n which are preservers (resp. strong preservers) of strictly sub row Hadamard majorization.

EL-hypergroups were defined by Chvalina 1995. Till now, no exact statistics of EL-hypergroups have been done. Moreover, there is no classification of EL-hypergroups and EL 2-hypergroups even over small sets. In this paper we classify all EL-(semi)hypergroups over sets with two elements obtained from quasi ordered semigroups. Also, we characterize all quasi ordered Hv-group and then we enumerate the number of EL 2-Hv-hypergroups and EL 2-hypergroups of order 2.

In this study, a neutrosophic N −subalgebra, a (implicative) neutrosophic N − filter, level sets of these neutrosophic N −structures and their properties are introduced on a Sheffer stroke BE-algebras (briefly, SBE-algebras). It is proved that the level set of neutrosophic N − subalgebras ((implicative) neutrosophic N −filter) of this algebra is the SBEsubalgebra ((implicative) SBE-filter) and vice versa. Then we present relationships between upper sets and neutrosophic N −filters of this algebra. Also, it is given that every neutrosophic N −filter of a SBE-algebra is its neutrosophic N −subalgebra but the inverse is generally not true. We study on neutrosophic N −filters of SBE-algebras by means of SBEhomomorphisms, and present relationships between mentioned structures on a SBE-algebra in detail. Finally, certain subsets of a SBE-algebra are determined by means of N −functions and some properties are examined.

The uncertain functional differential equation (UFDE) is a type of functional differential equations driven by a canonical uncertain process. Uncertain functional differential equation with infinite delay (IUFDE) have been widely applied in sciences and technology. In this paper, we prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for IUFDE intheinterval [t 0 , T ], underuniform Lipschitz condition and weak condition. Also, the novel existence and uniqueness theorem under the linear growth condition and the local Lipschitz condition is proven. In the following, a more general type of UFDE considers, which the future state is determined by entire of the past states rather than some of them. Finally, the existence and uniqueness theorem is considered on theinterval [t 0 , ∞].

In this paper, we define and investigate a new class of spirallike harmonic functions defined by a Salagean differential operator and we obtain a coefficient inequality for the functions in this class. Following, we investigated convolution and obtain the order of convolution consistence for certain spirallike harmonic univalent functions with negative coefficients

Recently, it has been shown that the density based empirical likelihood concept extends and standardizes these methods, presenting a powerful approach for approximating optimal parametric likelihood ratio test statistics. In this article, we propose a density based empirical likelihood goodness of fit test for the Cauchy distribution. The properties of the test statistic are stated and the critical points are obtained. Power comparisons of the proposed test with some known competing tests are carried out via simulations. Our study shows that the proposed test is superior to the competitors in most of the considered cases and can confidently apply in practice. Finally, a financial data set is presented and analyzed.

Let Mn be the set of all n-by-n real matrices, and let R n be the set of all n-by-1 real (column) vectors. An n-by-n matrix R = [r ij ] with nonnegative entries is called row stochastic, if n k=1 r ik is equal to 1 for all i (1 ≤ i ≤ n). In fact, Re = e, where e = (1,. .. , 1) t ∈ R n. A matrix R ∈ Mn is called integral row stochastic, if each row has exactly one nonzero entry, +1, and other entries are zero. In the present paper, we provide an algorithm for constructing integral row stochastic matrices, and also we show the relationship between this algorithm and majorization theory.

We consider the locally convex product cone topologies and prove that the product topology of weakly cone-complete locally convex cones is weakly cone-complete. In particular, we deduce that a product cone topology is barreled whenever its components are weakly conecomplete and carry the countable neighborhood bases.

Process capability indices are used widely throughout the world to give a quick indication of a process capability in a format that is easy to use and understand. A process capability index Cp that constructed for measuring the quality is an effective tool for assessing process capability, since this index can reflect whether a centering process is capable of reproducing items meeting the specifications limits. The minimax approach is proposed in this paper for testing capability on the basis of precision index Cp when the producer goal is avoiding the largest possible risk. Motivations and benefits of proposing minimax approach are discussed for capability test. Also, the proposed method clarified by an industrial application.

The main object of this paper is to define a new class of univalent functions and two subclasses of this class along with the Pascal distribution associated with convolution and subordination structures. We obtained a number of useful properties such as, coefficient bound, convolution preserving and some other geometric properties.

In this paper a new mathematical model for COVID-19, including improved people who are susceptible to get infected again, is given. And it is used to investigate the transmission dynamics of the corona virus disease (COVID-19). Our developed model consists of five compartments, namely the susceptible class, S(t), the exposed class, E(t), the infected class, I(t), the quarantine class, Q(t) and the recover class, R(t). The basic reproduction number is computed and the stability conditions of the model at the disease free equilibrium point are obtained. Finally, We present numerical simulations based on the available real data for Kerman province in Iran.

Lifetime performance index ‎is widely used as process capability index to evaluate the performance and potential of a process‎. ‎In manufacturing industries‎, ‎the lifetime of a product is considered to be conforming if it exceeds a given lower threshold value‎, ‎so‎ nonconforming products are those that fail to exceed this value.‏ Nonconformities are ‎so ‏‎important‎ that affect the safe or effective use of the products. ‏‎This article deals with ‎the processes‎ that ‎the ‎products' ‎lifetime is related to a two-component system, ‎distributed ‎as Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula-based bivariate ‎exponential‎ ‎and ‎presen‏‎ts‎‎ the ‎probability ‎of ‎non-conforming ‎products‎. Also, bootstrap upper confidence bounds are constructed and their performance are investigated in simulation study. In addition, Monte Carlo scheme is applied to do hypothesis testing on it. Finally, two example sets are presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed index.‎

In this paper, we first study the non-positive decreasing and inverse co-radiant functions defined on a real locally convex topological vector space X. Next, we characterize non-positive increasing, co-radiant and quasi-concave functions over X. In fact, we examine abstract concavity, upper support set and superdifferential of this class of functions by applying a type of duality. Finally, we present abstract concavity of extended real valued increasing, co-radiant and quasi-concave functions.

This paper studies the dynamics of a non-smooth vibrating system of the Filippov type. The main focus is on investigating the stability and bifurcation of a simple harmonic oscillator subjected to a non-smooth velocity-dependent damping force. In this way, we can analyze the effects of damping on the system's vibrations. For this purpose, we will find a parametric region for the existence of generalized Hopf bifurcation, in order to compute a branch of periodic orbits for the system. The tool for our purpose is the theoretical results about generalized Hopf bifurcation for planar Filippov systems. Some numerical simulations as examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results. Our theoretical and numerical findings indicate that the harmonic oscillator can experience different kinds of vibrations, in the presence of a non-smooth damping.

The contribution of general fuzzy automata to neural networks has been considerable, and dynamical fuzzy systems are becoming more and more popular and useful. Basic logic, or BL for short, has been introduced by Hájek [5] in order to provide a general framework for formalizing statements of fuzzy nature. In this note, some of the closure properties of the BL-general fuzzy automaton based on lattice valued such as union, intersection, connection and a serial connection are considered, after that, the behavior of them are discussed. Moreover, for a given BL-general fuzzy automaton on the basis of lattice valued, a complete BL-general fuzzy automaton on the basis of lattice valued is presented. Afterward, we may test the Pumping Lemma for the BL-general fuzzy automaton based on lattice valued. In particular, a connection between the behavior of BL-general fuzzy automaton based on lattice valued and its language is presented. Also, it is proven that L is a recognizable set if and only if L is rational. Also, it is driven that Kleen's Theorem is valid for the BL-general fuzzy automaton on the basis of lattice valued. Finally, we give some examples to clarify these notions.

TIn this work we carry out a multiple imputation technique for handling missing observations. We propose an algorithm, which performs a hierarchical multiple imputation using edition rules to impute missing values. We assess our algorithm using a simulation study and a numerical application of our algorithm in dataset of Kerman Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture is presented for more illustration.

This presentation outlines from a quantitative point of view, the relationships between probability theory, possibility theory, and generalized uncertainty theory, and the role that fuzzy set theory plays in the context of these theories. Fuzzy sets, possibility, and probability entities are defined in terms of a function. In the case of fuzzy sets, it is called a membership function, in the case of possibility it is called a possibility measure, in the case of probability, it is called a probability distribution function. In each case, these three functions map the domain to the interval [0,1]. However, each of these functions are defined with different properties. There are generalizations associated with these three theories that lead to intervals (sets of connected real numbers bounded by two points) and interval functions (sets of functions that are bounded by known upper and lower functions). An interval or interval function encodes the fact that it is unknown which of the points or functions is the point or function in questions, that is, the numerical value or real-valued function is unknown, it is uncertain. For generalizations given by pairs of numbers or functions, a case is made for a particular type of generalized uncertainty theory, interval-valued probability measures, as a way to unify the generalizations of probability, possibility theory, as well as other generalized probability theories via fuzzy intervals and fuzzy interval functions. This presentation brings a new understanding of quantitative fuzzy set theory, possibility theory, probability theory, and generalized uncertainty and gleans from existing research with the intent to organize and further clarify existing approaches.

In this paper, we study the eigenvalues of real tridiagonal 3-Toeplitz matrices of different order. When the order of a tridiagonal 3-Toeplitz matrix is n = 3k + 2, the eigenvalues were found explicitly. Here, we consider the distribution of eigenvalues for a tridiagonal 3-Toeplitz matrix of orders n = 3k and n = 3k + 1. We explain our method by finding roots of a combination of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. This distribution solves the eigenproblem for integer powers of such matrices.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an important method in exploratory and confirmatory data analysis when explanatory variables are discrete and response variables are continues and independent from each other. The simplest type of ANOVA is one-way analysis of variance for comparison among means of several populations. In this paper, we extend one-way analysis of variance to a case where observed data are non-symmetric triangular or normal fuzzy observations rather than real numbers. Meanwhile, a case study on the car battery length-life is provided on the basis on the proposed method.

Recently, Zhang et al. [Applied Mathematics Letters 104 (2020) 106287] proposed a preconditioner to improve the convergence speed of three types of Jacobi iterative methods for solving multi-linear systems. In this paper, we consider the Jacobi-type method which works better than the other two ones and apply a new preconditioner. The convergence of proposed preconditioned iterative method is studied. It is shown that the new approach is superior to the recently examined one in the literature. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of theoretical results and the efficiency of the proposed preconditioner.

Let R and R be two unital rings such that R contains a non-trivial idempotent P 1. If R is a prime ring, we characterize the form of bijective map ϕ : R → R which satisfies ϕ(ABP) = ϕ(A)ϕ(B)ϕ(P), for every A, B ∈ R and P ∈ {P 1 , P 2 }, where P 2 := I − P 1 and I is the unit member of R. It is shown that ϕ is an isomorphism multiplied by a central element. Finally, we characterize the form of ϕ : R → R which satisfies ϕ(P)ϕ(A)ϕ(P) = P AP , for every A

In this paper, by using SOR-Like method that introduced by Golub, Wu and Yuan and generalized Taylor expansion method for solving linear systems [F. Toutounian, H. Nasabzadeh, A new method based on the generalized Taylor expansion for computing a series solution of linear systems, Appl. Math. Comput. 248 (2014) 602-609], the GTSOR-Like method is proposed for augmented systems. The convergence analysis and the choice of the parameters of the new method are discussed. While there is no guarantee the SOR-Like method converges for the negative parameter, ω additional parameters of the new method can be adjusted for the corresponding GTSOR-Like method to converge. Finally, numerical examples are given to show that the new method is much more efficient than the SOR-Like method.

In this paper, a relative intuitionistic dynamical system with the levels (α, β), as a mathematical model compatible with a natural phenomenon, is proposed. In addition, the notion of RI topological entropy with the levels (α, β) for RI dynamical systems with the levels (α, β) is defined and its properties are studied. As a significant result, it was shown that, this topological entropy is an invariant object up to conjugate relation.

In this paper, we consider "Nearest points" and "Farthest points" in inner product spaces and Hilbert spaces. The convexity of Chebyshev sets in Hilbert spacse is an open problem. In this paper we define sun sets and sunrise sets in normed spaces.

Assume that F denotes a specific space in the class Fα,p constructed by H. Khodabakhshian [2] as a class of separable Banach function spaces similar to the well-known James function spaces. In this note, we prove that lp(α) is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of Fα,p, and that F α,2 is a closed subspace of the Waterman-Shiba space αBV 2 .

In this paper, we consider 3-dimensional analytical space furnishing with maximum metric and we give some distance formulas about relations of distances between a point and a line, a point and a plane and between two lines in terms of maximum metric.

In this paper we classify proper L k-biharmonic hypersurfaces M , in the unit Euclidean sphere should have two principal curvatures and we show that they are open pieces of standard products of spheres. Also we study proper L kbiharmonic compact hypersurfaces M with respect to tr(S 2 • P k) and H k where S is the shape operator, P k is the Newton transformation and H k is the k-th mean curvature of M , and by definiteness assumption of P k , we show that H k+1 is constant.

In recently years, frames in Krein spaces had been considered. The paper presents a family of generators for a Krein space by their frames. These generators are dual frames and operator dual frames corresponding to a given frame in a Krein space. We characterize all generalized dual frames of a primary frame. Also, approximately dual frames in a Krein space are introduced and, we study the relation between approximately dual frames and operator duals in a Krein space. Finally, perturbation of frames in this space is considered.

In this paper, we study the properties of some classes of quotient order-homomorphisms, as product stable in the category of topological fuzzes. We define the concept of a bi-quotient order-homomorphism and show that for Hausdorff topological fuzzes, a quotient order-homomorphism f : L 1 → L 2 is product stable if and only if f is bi-quotient and L 2 is a core compact topological fuzz.

For the function f (z) analytic in the open unit disk and normalized by f (0) = f (0) − 1 = 0, we consider the expression; α(zf (z) f (z) − 1) + 1 − (z f (z)) α ; (α > 0). Using differential subordination notion, we investigate properties of (f (z) z) α , as well as, sufficient conditions for univalence and starlikeness of f (z). In the special case, for α = 1, these results generalize and improve some previously results given in the literature.

We show that a nonautonomous discrete-time dynamical system (NDS) with the ergodic shadowing property is chain mixing. As a result, it is obtained that a k-periodic NDS with the ergodic shadowing property has the shadowing property. In particular, any k-periodic NDS on intervals having the ergodic shadowing is Devaney chaotic. Additionally, we prove that for an equicontinuous NDS with the shadowing property, the notions of topologically mixing, pseudo-orbital specification, weak specification property, and ergodic shadowing property are equivalent.

In this paper we characterize hyper M V-algebras in which 0 or 1 are scalar elements. We prove that any finite hyper M V-algebra that 0 is a scaler element in it, is an M V-algebra. Finally we characterize hyper M V-algebras of order 2 and order 3.

In this article, we have shown, for the add-point monad T, the partial morphism category Set is isomorphic to the Kleisli category Set T. Also we have proved that the category, Set T , of T-algebras is isomorphic to the category Set * of pointed sets. Finally we have established commutative squares involving these categories.