Annisa Indah Sari

The study focuses in comparing geomorphological, ecological and shore management strategies in two locations on the northwest of Sylt. Profiles were elaborated for both sites and divided in 3 zones, and 9 species of flora and 9 of fauna were found. Sand nourishments are essential to preserve the west coast of the island and its recreational and ecological services, specially considering a one-meter sea level rise scenario, without it, the revetment site would lose 9 meters of shore from the current high tide, and 20.4 meters at the western beach site. One substantial sand nourishment would be preferred rather than smaller and more frequent ones to minimize disturbance and variable costs, although it is politically difficult to approve. Coastal protection structures such as groynes and revetments should be critically analyzed for their effectiveness considering the contribution of sand nourishment and removed if possible.

Ecosystem services become essential in policy and decision-making since they are part of millennium ecosystem assessment agenda. Catchment area is one of important ecosystems which provide several ecosystem services. Kielstau catchment area is located in northern lowland of Schleswig Holstein, Germany. The scope of study area was delineated based on defining basin area method. It is done by hydrology spatial analyst tools in ArcGis 9.3. Evaluation of ecosystem services in Kielstau mainly adopted from Corine Land Cover classification. Agriculture land (55.76%) and pasture (26.45%) are the dominant land use. Meanwhile, deciduous and evergreen forest occupied small area of total land use. Deciduous forest
provides the largest capacity for ecosystem services and urban area is the lowest. Further analysis on regulating services shows that deciduous forest is considered to have very high capacity to maintain local climate regulation. Agriculture has no
capacity for water quality regulation and contrary with evergreen forest and grassland which provide very high capacity. Evergreen forest also has high relevant capacity to maintain groundwater recharge.

Keyword: ecosystem services, catchment area, Kielstau, local climate, water quality, groundwater recharge, GIS approach.

Conclusion:
•Biophysical could be measured by using indicators

•They are DMP to measure timber production; BII to measure the change in species abundance; NPP to measure carbon storage; population size, habitat and landscape type to measure species diversity; RLI to measure threatened species; and land cover change to measure sustainability of ecosystem services

•The measurements rely on the availability data to look the trends and actual conditions of ecosystem and biodiversity

•Most of the basic indicators to measure biophysical derived from time series data on land cover using remote sensing method and applied them spatially

•The main idea to measure biophysical is to know trends and status in biodiversity and ecosystem, furthermore assess them in term of economic value.

Padang is the capital province of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is one of high densely populated coastal areas which are vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami. Some scientists have estimated that a big earthquake, potentially triggering a deadly tsunami, will occur in the next decade. A simplified method of risk assessment was then suggested without a wave run-up analysis. The border of the study areas based on elevation range from 0 to 5 m defined the corresponding risk zone. Subsequently, existing land use lying on the risk zone is analyzed from Quickbird (2007) with resolution up to 60 cm. The study determined the three priority areas with the most social-economic and environmental impact. Land uses referred to the priority 1 are residential with high population density, commerce areas and public facility. Residential with medium and low population density and water bodies are in area of priority 2 and in priority area 3 contains agriculture land, grass land and sport/recreation area. Management of coastal zone in Indonesia shares by Ministry of Marine and Fisheries (DKP) as the central administration and by local government. The goal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) regarding to tsunami is to ensure protection of coastal and to build standard procedures for contingency plan. The presence of groynes in priority 1 might become the basic protection and composite breakwater as addition.On the zone priority 2, keeping the palm tree and plant vegetation can be used as natural method to reduce tsunami waves. There are many recreation areas in zone priority 3 which only gives possibility to install signs of evacuation road and building. A contingency plan such as: disaster management, public awareness, education, community-based approaches, and early warning system are crucial to further exercise measures in both before and aftermath of the occurring event.