The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on ... more The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on a little island between two seas, traditionally granted a large income from fishing thanks to taxes owed to the sovereign (the Prince of Taranto until 1465, then the King of Naples). These slides particoularly focus on the changes brought in these seas by the experiments of a scientist, the archbishop Giuseppe Capecelatro, who discovered new ways to cultivate mussels and teached people of Taranto, in last 20 years of XVIII century. The long-term effect, that became evident only in 1830s, was the increasing of mussel farming that overcame the value of fishing.
Queste diapositive presentano brevemente la particolare situazione di Taranto, città nella quale la pesca aveva rivestito un ruolo di primaria importanza a partire almeno dal X secolo. Negli ultimi venti anni del XVIII secolo l'arcivescovo Capecelatro, naturalista di fama internazionale, si dedicò a esperimenti volti a estendere la mitilicoltura nel Mar Piccolo. Nel lungo periodo si osservò la crescita d'importanza esponenziale di quest'attività a danno della pesca e dei pescatori.
The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on ... more The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on a little island between two seas, traditionally granted a large income from fishing thanks to taxes owed to the sovereign (the Prince of Taranto until 1465, then the King of Naples). These slides focus on the transformations occurred in the second half of XVIII century and on the long-term effects, that became evident only in 1830s. The main of these transformations was the increasing of mussel farming that became the most important activity of the city.
Queste diapositive descrivono la particolare situazione di Taranto, città costruita tra Mar Piccolo e Mar Grande, nella quale la pesca aveva tradizionalmente costituito l'attività più praticata e, grazie alle tasse dovute prima al Principe di Taranto (fino al 1465) e poi al Re di Napoli, anche la più redditizia per lo Corte. In particolare questa presentazione si concentra sulle trasformazioni apportate nella seconda metà del Settecento da due amministratori reali, Tommaso Ciura e Ignazio Maria Marrese, e sulle conseguenze di lungo periodo di queste, la principale delle quali fu la crescita esponenziale della mitilicoltura a danno della pesca.
This thesis aims to describe the transformations that occurred in fishing between the middle of t... more This thesis aims to describe the transformations that occurred in fishing between the middle of the 18th century and the Unification of Italy (1861), focusing on the two Apulian coasts: the Adriatic (Province of Bari) and the Ionian (Taranto). The first chapter is a brief history of Mediterranean fishing: it describes the development of this activity through the centuries, from artisanal techniques and local organization to the introduction of pair trawlers, which occurred for the first time at the beginning of 18th century in Catalunia (Spain). The second chapter focuses on legislation in the Kingdom of Naples: from the traditional locally-based regulations to national initiatives (the first was in 1784) designed to counteract the sail-trawlers, which also fished far off shore, thus avoiding traditional controls; it outlines fishing legislation in the Kingdom of Naples (which became Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815) until the time of its collapse and unification with other Italian states in 1860. The third chapter is about the fishermen of Terra di Bari (=Land of Bari), and in particular from Barletta, Trani and Molfetta. The first part of this chapter focuses on the very first occurrences of sail-trawling (pair trawlers) as detailed in provincial records (1770s and 1780s). The introduction of this method was directly connected to a decrease in trade, which had led to unemployment among sailors (and boats). Sail trawling became their favoured alternative activity because it did not require specific know-how. These first trawlermen were therefore lacking in the knowledge of fish and sustainable fishing that traditional fishermen had learnt through their close relationship with the sea over several centuries. The practice set off an intense debate between scientists and policy makers, leading to the introduction of laws and other State intervention in fishing up to 1860. The distance of the Province from the capital and the extreme poverty of the sailor community, which was described in many letters by local administrators to central government, led the latter to exempt these fishermen from complying with national laws on trawling. From the Restoration (1815) onwards, these trawlers (in particular those from Trani and Molfetta) started fishing annually in the Tyrrhenian Sea (in the winter), causing conflicts with local fishing communities. In addition, sailors from Barletta fished in the Ionian Sea when they brought salt to the Ionian coast of Calabria: as a result there were numerous problems with Taranto, a city where fishing had always been the main activity for most of the population. The last chapter focuses entirely on fishing in Taranto. This city was wholly built on an island "between two seas", the Mar Piccolo (=Little Sea) and the Mar Grande (=Big Sea). Fishing had been the main economic activity since at least the 10th century: it had brought a large income (through taxes on catches) to the Prince of Taranto until the Principality collapsed (1463), and then to the Royal Crown of Naples, which inherited the Prince's assets. This chapter describes the economic organization of these seas, the connected supervision system and the transformation brought about in the last fifteen years of the 18th and the first fifteen years of the 19th century thanks to the efforts of two "enlightened" royal administrators: Tommaso Ciura and Ignazio Maria Marrese. Their work, along with the experiments of Giuseppe Capecelatro (the "enlightened" archbishop of Taranto and a natural scientist known all over Europe), led to the incredible increase in mussel farming in the Mar Piccolo. This activity rapidly became the most important in the city, replacing fishing in the local (and royal) economy.
This thesis moves from an episode referred by Herodotus: during a Panionion meeting about the Per... more This thesis moves from an episode referred by Herodotus: during a Panionion meeting about the Persian invasion, Bias of Priene suggests Ionians to sail all together to Sardinia; "thus, possessing the greatest island in the world and ruling others, they would be rid of slavery and have prosperity". The thesis analyzes other occurrences in Greek authors, in whom Sardinia is described as a land of happiness and freedom. It's a very short comparative paper, which aims to understand what Sardinia represented in Athenians' mind during the Classical Period.
Artisanal fishermen of Bari Old Town are involved in the general small-scale fishing crisis, whic... more Artisanal fishermen of Bari Old Town are involved in the general small-scale fishing crisis, which makes them worried about the extintion of their job. Because of the faster and faster depopulation of sea, rivalries between different kind of fishers have been increased, so, in this case, fishermen particularly blame the recreational fishing. In the first part I analyze the fishermen's material culture, techniques and knowledge of nature; then, I give space to the emic anlysis of the crisis, through their own words, to explain their opinions about causes and possible remedies.
I piccoli pescatori di Bari Vecchia attraversano in un momento di forte crisi che fa intravedere, sempre più concretamente, l'estinzione della loro professione. Il sempre più rapido spopolamento del mare ha acuito le rivalità, dando il via a un processo di blaming che ha portato a negare il diritto all'accesso delle risorse marine per tutti, accrescendo le divergenze fra pescatori dilettanti e professionisti. Dopo un analisi della cultura materiale, delle tecniche e dei saperi naturalistici necessari al lavoro, si prende in esame la crisi dal punto di vista emico, sia attraverso le emozioni che attraverso le rappresentazioni dei pescatori, dando spazio anche alla loro analisi razionale su cause e possibili rimedi. Una possibile soluzione è costituita dalla possibilità che le istituzioni che si occupano della tutela del mare attingano dal sistema di regole cristallizzato nei saperi ecologici tradizionali, unici capaci di mantenere un equilibrio virtuoso nel rapporto uomo- natura, poiché costruiti e ricostruiti attraverso un rapporto secolare con l'ambiente.
"Aspetti della vita dei coloni delle Isole Ponziane nel Settecento", Armando Caramanica editore, Scauri, 2021
La pesca mediterranea ha subito una trasformazione strutturale nel XVIII secolo, attraverso l'uti... more La pesca mediterranea ha subito una trasformazione strutturale nel XVIII secolo, attraverso l'utilizzo sempre maggiore dello strascico d'altura, tecnica che sfruttava la forza del vento. Tale innovazione tuttavia portò a conseguenze negative dal punto di vista sociale ed ecologico. Il conflitto tra i difensori dell'ambiente e i sostenitori del diritto al lavoro investono anche questo settore.
"Storie d'archivio. Un privatissimo a stampa per Anna Maria Rao", Marchese editore, Grumo Nevano, 2020
Nel periodo a cavallo fra fine Settecento e inizio Ottocento, il modo in cui i sovrani avevano se... more Nel periodo a cavallo fra fine Settecento e inizio Ottocento, il modo in cui i sovrani avevano sempre tratto guadagni enormi dal mar Piccolo cambiò radicalmente. Se fino a quel momento la ricchezza era stata dovuta alle tasse sul pesce catturato, a partire dal XIX secolo il mar Piccolo fu diviso in porzioni cedute in affitto a scopo di mitilicoltura.
The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on ... more The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on a little island between two seas, traditionally granted a large income from fishing thanks to taxes owed to the sovereign (the Prince of Taranto until 1465, then the King of Naples). These slides particoularly focus on the changes brought in these seas by the experiments of a scientist, the archbishop Giuseppe Capecelatro, who discovered new ways to cultivate mussels and teached people of Taranto, in last 20 years of XVIII century. The long-term effect, that became evident only in 1830s, was the increasing of mussel farming that overcame the value of fishing.
Queste diapositive presentano brevemente la particolare situazione di Taranto, città nella quale la pesca aveva rivestito un ruolo di primaria importanza a partire almeno dal X secolo. Negli ultimi venti anni del XVIII secolo l'arcivescovo Capecelatro, naturalista di fama internazionale, si dedicò a esperimenti volti a estendere la mitilicoltura nel Mar Piccolo. Nel lungo periodo si osservò la crescita d'importanza esponenziale di quest'attività a danno della pesca e dei pescatori.
The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on ... more The slide-show describes the particular situation of the fishing in Taranto: this city, built on a little island between two seas, traditionally granted a large income from fishing thanks to taxes owed to the sovereign (the Prince of Taranto until 1465, then the King of Naples). These slides focus on the transformations occurred in the second half of XVIII century and on the long-term effects, that became evident only in 1830s. The main of these transformations was the increasing of mussel farming that became the most important activity of the city.
Queste diapositive descrivono la particolare situazione di Taranto, città costruita tra Mar Piccolo e Mar Grande, nella quale la pesca aveva tradizionalmente costituito l'attività più praticata e, grazie alle tasse dovute prima al Principe di Taranto (fino al 1465) e poi al Re di Napoli, anche la più redditizia per lo Corte. In particolare questa presentazione si concentra sulle trasformazioni apportate nella seconda metà del Settecento da due amministratori reali, Tommaso Ciura e Ignazio Maria Marrese, e sulle conseguenze di lungo periodo di queste, la principale delle quali fu la crescita esponenziale della mitilicoltura a danno della pesca.
This thesis aims to describe the transformations that occurred in fishing between the middle of t... more This thesis aims to describe the transformations that occurred in fishing between the middle of the 18th century and the Unification of Italy (1861), focusing on the two Apulian coasts: the Adriatic (Province of Bari) and the Ionian (Taranto). The first chapter is a brief history of Mediterranean fishing: it describes the development of this activity through the centuries, from artisanal techniques and local organization to the introduction of pair trawlers, which occurred for the first time at the beginning of 18th century in Catalunia (Spain). The second chapter focuses on legislation in the Kingdom of Naples: from the traditional locally-based regulations to national initiatives (the first was in 1784) designed to counteract the sail-trawlers, which also fished far off shore, thus avoiding traditional controls; it outlines fishing legislation in the Kingdom of Naples (which became Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815) until the time of its collapse and unification with other Italian states in 1860. The third chapter is about the fishermen of Terra di Bari (=Land of Bari), and in particular from Barletta, Trani and Molfetta. The first part of this chapter focuses on the very first occurrences of sail-trawling (pair trawlers) as detailed in provincial records (1770s and 1780s). The introduction of this method was directly connected to a decrease in trade, which had led to unemployment among sailors (and boats). Sail trawling became their favoured alternative activity because it did not require specific know-how. These first trawlermen were therefore lacking in the knowledge of fish and sustainable fishing that traditional fishermen had learnt through their close relationship with the sea over several centuries. The practice set off an intense debate between scientists and policy makers, leading to the introduction of laws and other State intervention in fishing up to 1860. The distance of the Province from the capital and the extreme poverty of the sailor community, which was described in many letters by local administrators to central government, led the latter to exempt these fishermen from complying with national laws on trawling. From the Restoration (1815) onwards, these trawlers (in particular those from Trani and Molfetta) started fishing annually in the Tyrrhenian Sea (in the winter), causing conflicts with local fishing communities. In addition, sailors from Barletta fished in the Ionian Sea when they brought salt to the Ionian coast of Calabria: as a result there were numerous problems with Taranto, a city where fishing had always been the main activity for most of the population. The last chapter focuses entirely on fishing in Taranto. This city was wholly built on an island "between two seas", the Mar Piccolo (=Little Sea) and the Mar Grande (=Big Sea). Fishing had been the main economic activity since at least the 10th century: it had brought a large income (through taxes on catches) to the Prince of Taranto until the Principality collapsed (1463), and then to the Royal Crown of Naples, which inherited the Prince's assets. This chapter describes the economic organization of these seas, the connected supervision system and the transformation brought about in the last fifteen years of the 18th and the first fifteen years of the 19th century thanks to the efforts of two "enlightened" royal administrators: Tommaso Ciura and Ignazio Maria Marrese. Their work, along with the experiments of Giuseppe Capecelatro (the "enlightened" archbishop of Taranto and a natural scientist known all over Europe), led to the incredible increase in mussel farming in the Mar Piccolo. This activity rapidly became the most important in the city, replacing fishing in the local (and royal) economy.
This thesis moves from an episode referred by Herodotus: during a Panionion meeting about the Per... more This thesis moves from an episode referred by Herodotus: during a Panionion meeting about the Persian invasion, Bias of Priene suggests Ionians to sail all together to Sardinia; "thus, possessing the greatest island in the world and ruling others, they would be rid of slavery and have prosperity". The thesis analyzes other occurrences in Greek authors, in whom Sardinia is described as a land of happiness and freedom. It's a very short comparative paper, which aims to understand what Sardinia represented in Athenians' mind during the Classical Period.
Artisanal fishermen of Bari Old Town are involved in the general small-scale fishing crisis, whic... more Artisanal fishermen of Bari Old Town are involved in the general small-scale fishing crisis, which makes them worried about the extintion of their job. Because of the faster and faster depopulation of sea, rivalries between different kind of fishers have been increased, so, in this case, fishermen particularly blame the recreational fishing. In the first part I analyze the fishermen's material culture, techniques and knowledge of nature; then, I give space to the emic anlysis of the crisis, through their own words, to explain their opinions about causes and possible remedies.
I piccoli pescatori di Bari Vecchia attraversano in un momento di forte crisi che fa intravedere, sempre più concretamente, l'estinzione della loro professione. Il sempre più rapido spopolamento del mare ha acuito le rivalità, dando il via a un processo di blaming che ha portato a negare il diritto all'accesso delle risorse marine per tutti, accrescendo le divergenze fra pescatori dilettanti e professionisti. Dopo un analisi della cultura materiale, delle tecniche e dei saperi naturalistici necessari al lavoro, si prende in esame la crisi dal punto di vista emico, sia attraverso le emozioni che attraverso le rappresentazioni dei pescatori, dando spazio anche alla loro analisi razionale su cause e possibili rimedi. Una possibile soluzione è costituita dalla possibilità che le istituzioni che si occupano della tutela del mare attingano dal sistema di regole cristallizzato nei saperi ecologici tradizionali, unici capaci di mantenere un equilibrio virtuoso nel rapporto uomo- natura, poiché costruiti e ricostruiti attraverso un rapporto secolare con l'ambiente.
"Aspetti della vita dei coloni delle Isole Ponziane nel Settecento", Armando Caramanica editore, Scauri, 2021
La pesca mediterranea ha subito una trasformazione strutturale nel XVIII secolo, attraverso l'uti... more La pesca mediterranea ha subito una trasformazione strutturale nel XVIII secolo, attraverso l'utilizzo sempre maggiore dello strascico d'altura, tecnica che sfruttava la forza del vento. Tale innovazione tuttavia portò a conseguenze negative dal punto di vista sociale ed ecologico. Il conflitto tra i difensori dell'ambiente e i sostenitori del diritto al lavoro investono anche questo settore.
"Storie d'archivio. Un privatissimo a stampa per Anna Maria Rao", Marchese editore, Grumo Nevano, 2020
Nel periodo a cavallo fra fine Settecento e inizio Ottocento, il modo in cui i sovrani avevano se... more Nel periodo a cavallo fra fine Settecento e inizio Ottocento, il modo in cui i sovrani avevano sempre tratto guadagni enormi dal mar Piccolo cambiò radicalmente. Se fino a quel momento la ricchezza era stata dovuta alle tasse sul pesce catturato, a partire dal XIX secolo il mar Piccolo fu diviso in porzioni cedute in affitto a scopo di mitilicoltura.
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Queste diapositive presentano brevemente la particolare situazione di Taranto, città nella quale la pesca aveva rivestito un ruolo di primaria importanza a partire almeno dal X secolo. Negli ultimi venti anni del XVIII secolo l'arcivescovo Capecelatro, naturalista di fama internazionale, si dedicò a esperimenti volti a estendere la mitilicoltura nel Mar Piccolo. Nel lungo periodo si osservò la crescita d'importanza esponenziale di quest'attività a danno della pesca e dei pescatori.
Queste diapositive descrivono la particolare situazione di Taranto, città costruita tra Mar Piccolo e Mar Grande, nella quale la pesca aveva tradizionalmente costituito l'attività più praticata e, grazie alle tasse dovute prima al Principe di Taranto (fino al 1465) e poi al Re di Napoli, anche la più redditizia per lo Corte. In particolare questa presentazione si concentra sulle trasformazioni apportate nella seconda metà del Settecento da due amministratori reali, Tommaso Ciura e Ignazio Maria Marrese, e sulle conseguenze di lungo periodo di queste, la principale delle quali fu la crescita esponenziale della mitilicoltura a danno della pesca.
The first chapter is a brief history of Mediterranean fishing: it describes the development of this activity through the centuries, from artisanal techniques and local organization to the introduction of pair trawlers, which occurred for the first time at the beginning of 18th century in Catalunia (Spain).
The second chapter focuses on legislation in the Kingdom of Naples: from the traditional locally-based regulations to national initiatives (the first was in 1784) designed to counteract the sail-trawlers, which also fished far off shore, thus avoiding traditional controls; it outlines fishing legislation in the Kingdom of Naples (which became Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815) until the time of its collapse and unification with other Italian states in 1860.
The third chapter is about the fishermen of Terra di Bari (=Land of Bari), and in particular from Barletta, Trani and Molfetta. The first part of this chapter focuses on the very first occurrences of sail-trawling (pair trawlers) as detailed in provincial records (1770s and 1780s). The introduction of this method was directly connected to a decrease in trade, which had led to unemployment among sailors (and boats). Sail trawling became their favoured alternative activity because it did not require specific know-how. These first trawlermen were therefore lacking in the knowledge of fish and sustainable fishing that traditional fishermen had learnt through their close relationship with the sea over several centuries. The practice set off an intense debate between scientists and policy makers, leading to the introduction of laws and other State intervention in fishing up to 1860. The distance of the Province from the capital and the extreme poverty of the sailor community, which was described in many letters by local administrators to central government, led the latter to exempt these fishermen from complying with national laws on trawling. From the Restoration (1815) onwards, these trawlers (in particular those from Trani and Molfetta) started fishing annually in the Tyrrhenian Sea (in the winter), causing conflicts with local fishing communities. In addition, sailors from Barletta fished in the Ionian Sea when they brought salt to the Ionian coast of Calabria: as a result there were numerous problems with Taranto, a city where fishing had always been the main activity for most of the population.
The last chapter focuses entirely on fishing in Taranto. This city was wholly built on an island "between two seas", the Mar Piccolo (=Little Sea) and the Mar Grande (=Big Sea). Fishing had been the main economic activity since at least the 10th century: it had brought a large income (through taxes on catches) to the Prince of Taranto until the Principality collapsed (1463), and then to the Royal Crown of Naples, which inherited the Prince's assets. This chapter describes the economic organization of these seas, the connected supervision system and the transformation brought about in the last fifteen years of the 18th and the first fifteen years of the 19th century thanks to the efforts of two "enlightened" royal administrators: Tommaso Ciura and Ignazio Maria Marrese. Their work, along with the experiments of Giuseppe Capecelatro (the "enlightened" archbishop of Taranto and a natural scientist known all over Europe), led to the incredible increase in mussel farming in the Mar Piccolo. This activity rapidly became the most important in the city, replacing fishing in the local (and royal) economy.
The thesis analyzes other occurrences in Greek authors, in whom Sardinia is described as a land of happiness and freedom. It's a very short comparative paper, which aims to understand what Sardinia represented in Athenians' mind during the Classical Period.
In the first part I analyze the fishermen's material culture, techniques and knowledge of nature; then, I give space to the emic anlysis of the crisis, through their own words, to explain their opinions about causes and possible remedies.
I piccoli pescatori di Bari Vecchia attraversano in un momento di forte crisi che fa intravedere, sempre più concretamente, l'estinzione della loro professione. Il sempre più rapido spopolamento del mare ha acuito le rivalità, dando il via a un processo di blaming che ha portato a negare il diritto all'accesso delle risorse marine per tutti, accrescendo le divergenze fra pescatori dilettanti e professionisti. Dopo un analisi della cultura materiale, delle tecniche e dei saperi naturalistici necessari al lavoro, si prende in esame la crisi dal punto di vista emico, sia attraverso le emozioni che attraverso le rappresentazioni dei pescatori, dando spazio anche alla loro analisi razionale su cause e possibili rimedi. Una possibile soluzione è costituita dalla possibilità che le istituzioni che si occupano della tutela del mare attingano dal sistema di regole cristallizzato nei saperi ecologici tradizionali, unici capaci di mantenere un equilibrio virtuoso nel rapporto uomo- natura, poiché costruiti e ricostruiti attraverso un rapporto secolare con l'ambiente.
Queste diapositive presentano brevemente la particolare situazione di Taranto, città nella quale la pesca aveva rivestito un ruolo di primaria importanza a partire almeno dal X secolo. Negli ultimi venti anni del XVIII secolo l'arcivescovo Capecelatro, naturalista di fama internazionale, si dedicò a esperimenti volti a estendere la mitilicoltura nel Mar Piccolo. Nel lungo periodo si osservò la crescita d'importanza esponenziale di quest'attività a danno della pesca e dei pescatori.
Queste diapositive descrivono la particolare situazione di Taranto, città costruita tra Mar Piccolo e Mar Grande, nella quale la pesca aveva tradizionalmente costituito l'attività più praticata e, grazie alle tasse dovute prima al Principe di Taranto (fino al 1465) e poi al Re di Napoli, anche la più redditizia per lo Corte. In particolare questa presentazione si concentra sulle trasformazioni apportate nella seconda metà del Settecento da due amministratori reali, Tommaso Ciura e Ignazio Maria Marrese, e sulle conseguenze di lungo periodo di queste, la principale delle quali fu la crescita esponenziale della mitilicoltura a danno della pesca.
The first chapter is a brief history of Mediterranean fishing: it describes the development of this activity through the centuries, from artisanal techniques and local organization to the introduction of pair trawlers, which occurred for the first time at the beginning of 18th century in Catalunia (Spain).
The second chapter focuses on legislation in the Kingdom of Naples: from the traditional locally-based regulations to national initiatives (the first was in 1784) designed to counteract the sail-trawlers, which also fished far off shore, thus avoiding traditional controls; it outlines fishing legislation in the Kingdom of Naples (which became Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815) until the time of its collapse and unification with other Italian states in 1860.
The third chapter is about the fishermen of Terra di Bari (=Land of Bari), and in particular from Barletta, Trani and Molfetta. The first part of this chapter focuses on the very first occurrences of sail-trawling (pair trawlers) as detailed in provincial records (1770s and 1780s). The introduction of this method was directly connected to a decrease in trade, which had led to unemployment among sailors (and boats). Sail trawling became their favoured alternative activity because it did not require specific know-how. These first trawlermen were therefore lacking in the knowledge of fish and sustainable fishing that traditional fishermen had learnt through their close relationship with the sea over several centuries. The practice set off an intense debate between scientists and policy makers, leading to the introduction of laws and other State intervention in fishing up to 1860. The distance of the Province from the capital and the extreme poverty of the sailor community, which was described in many letters by local administrators to central government, led the latter to exempt these fishermen from complying with national laws on trawling. From the Restoration (1815) onwards, these trawlers (in particular those from Trani and Molfetta) started fishing annually in the Tyrrhenian Sea (in the winter), causing conflicts with local fishing communities. In addition, sailors from Barletta fished in the Ionian Sea when they brought salt to the Ionian coast of Calabria: as a result there were numerous problems with Taranto, a city where fishing had always been the main activity for most of the population.
The last chapter focuses entirely on fishing in Taranto. This city was wholly built on an island "between two seas", the Mar Piccolo (=Little Sea) and the Mar Grande (=Big Sea). Fishing had been the main economic activity since at least the 10th century: it had brought a large income (through taxes on catches) to the Prince of Taranto until the Principality collapsed (1463), and then to the Royal Crown of Naples, which inherited the Prince's assets. This chapter describes the economic organization of these seas, the connected supervision system and the transformation brought about in the last fifteen years of the 18th and the first fifteen years of the 19th century thanks to the efforts of two "enlightened" royal administrators: Tommaso Ciura and Ignazio Maria Marrese. Their work, along with the experiments of Giuseppe Capecelatro (the "enlightened" archbishop of Taranto and a natural scientist known all over Europe), led to the incredible increase in mussel farming in the Mar Piccolo. This activity rapidly became the most important in the city, replacing fishing in the local (and royal) economy.
The thesis analyzes other occurrences in Greek authors, in whom Sardinia is described as a land of happiness and freedom. It's a very short comparative paper, which aims to understand what Sardinia represented in Athenians' mind during the Classical Period.
In the first part I analyze the fishermen's material culture, techniques and knowledge of nature; then, I give space to the emic anlysis of the crisis, through their own words, to explain their opinions about causes and possible remedies.
I piccoli pescatori di Bari Vecchia attraversano in un momento di forte crisi che fa intravedere, sempre più concretamente, l'estinzione della loro professione. Il sempre più rapido spopolamento del mare ha acuito le rivalità, dando il via a un processo di blaming che ha portato a negare il diritto all'accesso delle risorse marine per tutti, accrescendo le divergenze fra pescatori dilettanti e professionisti. Dopo un analisi della cultura materiale, delle tecniche e dei saperi naturalistici necessari al lavoro, si prende in esame la crisi dal punto di vista emico, sia attraverso le emozioni che attraverso le rappresentazioni dei pescatori, dando spazio anche alla loro analisi razionale su cause e possibili rimedi. Una possibile soluzione è costituita dalla possibilità che le istituzioni che si occupano della tutela del mare attingano dal sistema di regole cristallizzato nei saperi ecologici tradizionali, unici capaci di mantenere un equilibrio virtuoso nel rapporto uomo- natura, poiché costruiti e ricostruiti attraverso un rapporto secolare con l'ambiente.